WO2024066252A1 - 电池测试装置和测试方法 - Google Patents

电池测试装置和测试方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024066252A1
WO2024066252A1 PCT/CN2023/083975 CN2023083975W WO2024066252A1 WO 2024066252 A1 WO2024066252 A1 WO 2024066252A1 CN 2023083975 W CN2023083975 W CN 2023083975W WO 2024066252 A1 WO2024066252 A1 WO 2024066252A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
telescopic component
component
equivalent end
along
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/083975
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖国隆
任少滕
郭立新
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP23734890.9A priority Critical patent/EP4372360A1/en
Priority to US18/219,166 priority patent/US20240106014A1/en
Publication of WO2024066252A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024066252A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/02—General constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery testing device and a testing method.
  • the battery usually includes multiple arranged battery modules. During the battery charging and discharging process, the battery module will expand and deform. Therefore, when designing a new battery, it is necessary to test the expansion force of the battery shell.
  • test equipment currently used in battery casing expansion force testing still needs to be improved.
  • the present application provides a battery testing device and a testing method, which can shorten the testing cycle and save testing costs.
  • the present application provides a battery testing device for testing the expansion force of a battery housing, the battery testing device comprising: an equivalent end plate, two equivalent end plates being spaced apart along a first direction; a telescopic component being disposed between the two equivalent end plates and being telescopically disposed along the first direction so as to allow the expansion force of the battery housing to be tested.
  • the shrinkage component can squeeze the equivalent end plate.
  • the battery testing device for the expansion force test of the battery frame includes an equivalent end plate and a telescopic component.
  • the battery testing device replaces the actual battery module, and the battery module and the matching charging and discharging equipment are no longer needed, which reduces the testing cost.
  • the two equivalent end plates are arranged at intervals along the first direction to replace the battery module that is actually in contact with the battery housing in the first direction;
  • the telescopic component is arranged between the two equivalent end plates, and the telescopic component squeezes the two equivalent end plates so that the equivalent end plates squeeze the battery housing, which replaces the expansion deformation of the actual battery module during the charging and discharging process.
  • the time required for the telescopic process of the telescopic component is less than that of the actual battery module during the charging and discharging process, which shortens the test cycle. Therefore, the application of the battery testing device can shorten the test cycle and save the test cost.
  • the telescopic component includes a power component and a transmission component arranged along a first direction, and the power component is used to drive the transmission component to reciprocate along the first direction.
  • the telescopic component includes a power component and a transmission component.
  • the power component is used to drive the transmission component, so that the reciprocating motion of the transmission component in the first direction replaces the expansion and contraction in the first direction during the actual charging and discharging process of the battery module, so as to shorten the test cycle and reduce the test cost.
  • the two transmission components are connected to two ends of the power component in the first direction, so that the power component can drive the two transmission components to reciprocate along the first direction.
  • two transmission components are connected to the two ends of the power component in the first direction, which improves the problem of reduced accuracy of the test results due to differences in the stress conditions of the equivalent end plates on both sides.
  • a push plate is connected to one end of the transmission component facing away from the power component, and the push plate is used to push the equivalent end plate.
  • a push plate is connected to the end of the transmission component away from the power component, and the transmission component pushes the equivalent end plate through the push plate, which avoids the transmission component and the equivalent end plate from being pushed.
  • the end plates are in direct contact, which protects the transmission components.
  • a cross-sectional area of the push plate in a direction perpendicular to the first direction is greater than a cross-sectional area of the transfer member in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the cross-sectional area of the push plate in a direction perpendicular to the first direction is larger than the cross-sectional area of the transmission member in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the push plate increases the contact area between the transmission member and the equivalent end plate, and reduces the risk of the equivalent end plate being damaged due to excessive pressure due to too small contact area between the transmission member and the equivalent end plate.
  • the center of the push plate and the center of the equivalent end plate are on a straight line extending along the first direction.
  • the push plate and the equivalent end plate are on a straight line along the first direction, which improves the problem that the thrust transmitted from the transmission component to the push plate and the extrusion pressure of the equivalent end plate on the battery shell are deviated due to the angle between the push plate and the equivalent end plate, thus affecting the accuracy of the test results;
  • the center of the push plate and the center of the equivalent end plate are on a straight line along the first direction, and the center of the equivalent end plate is subjected to the extrusion pressure of the push plate, so that the equivalent end plate squeezes the battery shell evenly everywhere, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results.
  • the telescopic component further includes a pressure sensor, which is disposed between the transmission member and the push plate and is used to collect pressure information fed back from the push plate.
  • the pressure sensor is arranged between the transmission component and the push plate and is used to collect and display the pressure information fed back from the push plate, so as to more accurately and conveniently adjust the power of the power component, thereby improving the accuracy and practicality of the battery testing device.
  • a center of the pressure sensor and a center of the push plate are on a straight line extending along the first direction.
  • the center of the pressure sensor and the center of the push plate are on a straight line extending along the first direction.
  • the pressure sensor can accurately display the pressure in the first direction fed back by the push plate, thereby improving the accuracy of the battery testing device.
  • the transmission mechanism is a screw, and the screw and the power component are threadedly connected.
  • the lead screw and the power component are threadedly connected, which improves the connection reliability between the lead screw and the power component.
  • the present application provides a testing method, comprising:
  • the telescopic component After the telescopic component reciprocates and squeezes the equivalent end plate N times, the telescopic component is closed to detect whether there are cracks on the surface of the battery shell to be tested, N>0.
  • a battery testing device is placed in the battery shell to be tested, and the battery testing device replaces the actual battery module, thereby reducing the testing cost; the telescopic component is started, and the squeezing of the battery shell by the extension and contraction process of the telescopic component in a first direction replaces the squeezing of the battery shell by the expansion and contraction process of the actual battery module, thereby shortening the testing cycle.
  • the telescopic component in the step of starting the telescopic component to stretch and deform along a first direction and squeeze the equivalent end plate, the telescopic component is stretched along the first direction to squeeze the equivalent end plate until the telescopic component reaches a peak load.
  • the peak load is used instead of the expansion and squeezing force on the battery shell when the actual battery module is fully charged, thereby improving the accuracy of the test method.
  • the telescopic component in the step of extending the telescopic component in the first direction so that the telescopic component presses the equivalent end plate until the telescopic component reaches a peak load, the telescopic component is maintained at the peak load for a first time t1, t1>0.
  • the telescopic component is maintained at the peak load and maintained for the first time t1, which is used to replace the actual holding time of the battery module after it is fully charged, thereby improving the test Accuracy of the method.
  • the telescopic component in the step of controlling the telescopic component to shrink and deform along the first direction, is contracted along the first direction to move the telescopic component away from the equivalent end plate until the telescopic component reaches a valley load.
  • the valley load is used instead of the squeezing force on the battery casing when the actual battery module is fully discharged, thereby improving the accuracy of the test method.
  • the telescopic component in the step of contracting the telescopic component along the first direction to move the telescopic component away from the equivalent end plate until the telescopic component reaches a valley load, the telescopic component is maintained at the valley load for a second time t2, t2>0.
  • the telescopic component is maintained at the valley load and maintained for the second time t2, which is used to replace the retention time after the actual battery module is fully discharged, thereby improving the accuracy of the test method.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery testing device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a telescopic component of a battery testing device provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a telescopic component of a battery testing device provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a testing method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, and “circumferential” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.
  • a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium.
  • a first feature being “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • a first feature being “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields. With the continuous expansion of the application field of power batteries, the market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the battery cell may include a lithium-ion secondary battery cell, a lithium-ion primary battery cell, a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-lithium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell or a magnesium-ion battery cell, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a battery comprising one or more battery cells to provide A single physical module that provides higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • a battery generally includes a housing for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The housing can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the inventor of this application noticed that during the battery charge and discharge cycle, the battery module will expand and squeeze the battery shell. Long-term expansion and squeezing will cause irreversible effects on the battery shell, causing deformation or cracking of the battery shell. Therefore, when designing a new battery, the battery shell must be tested for expansion force. However, the current battery expansion force test has the problems of long test cycle and high cost.
  • the inventors found that the current testing method is to verify the impact of the expansion force of the battery module on the battery shell by subjecting the actual battery module to charge and discharge cycles. Due to the limitations of the preparation time of the battery module and the charge and discharge process, a single test time is long, and the battery module to be tested needs to be equipped with charging and discharging equipment, which results in high testing costs.
  • the inventors designed a battery testing device for testing the expansion force of a battery shell, the battery testing device comprising an equivalent end plate and a telescopic component, and the battery testing device replaces the actual battery module, and the battery module and the matching charging and discharging equipment are no longer required, thereby reducing the testing cost.
  • the two equivalent end plates are spaced apart along a first direction to replace the battery module that actually abuts the battery shell in the first direction; the telescopic component is disposed between the two equivalent end plates, and the telescopic component squeezes the two equivalent end plates so that the equivalent end plates squeeze the battery shell, thereby replacing the squeezing of the battery shell by the expansion deformation during the charging and discharging process of the actual battery module.
  • the telescopic process of the telescopic component requires less time, thereby shortening the testing cycle.
  • Electrical devices may be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptop computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, electric tools, and the like.
  • Vehicles may be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles, or new energy vehicles.
  • New energy vehicles may be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or extended-range vehicles, and the like;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, and the like;
  • electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, and the like;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools, and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, and the like.
  • Vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery 2 is arranged inside the vehicle 1, and the battery can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1.
  • Battery 2 can be used to power the vehicle 1, for example, battery 2 can be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1.
  • the vehicle 1 can also include a controller 102 and a motor 101, and the controller 102 is used to control the battery to power the motor 101, for example, for the starting, navigation and driving power requirements of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery can be used not only as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but also as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may include a plurality of battery cells, and a battery cell refers to the smallest unit that constitutes a battery module or a battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series and/or in parallel via electrode terminals for use in various applications.
  • the battery 2 mentioned in the present application includes a battery module or a battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection, and mixed connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connection.
  • a plurality of battery cells can directly constitute a battery pack, or they can first constitute a battery module, and then the battery module constitutes a battery pack.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery 2 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery includes a housing 202 and a battery cell (not shown), and the battery cell is accommodated in the housing 202 .
  • the shell 202 can be a simple three-dimensional structure such as a single cuboid, cylinder or sphere, or a complex three-dimensional structure composed of simple three-dimensional structures such as cuboids, cylinders or spheres.
  • the shell 202 can be made of alloy materials such as aluminum alloy, iron alloy, polymer materials such as polycarbonate, polyisocyanurate foam plastic, or glass fiber. Composite material with epoxy resin.
  • the shell 202 is used to accommodate the battery cell, and the shell 202 can be a variety of structures.
  • the shell 202 can include a first shell portion 2021 and a second shell portion 2022, the first shell portion 2021 and the second shell portion 2022 cover each other, and the first shell portion 2021 and the second shell portion 2022 jointly define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 3.
  • the second shell portion 2022 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first shell portion 2021 is a plate-like structure, and the first shell portion 2021 covers the open side of the second shell portion 2022 to form a shell 202 with a storage space; the first shell portion 2021 and the second shell portion 2022 can also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the open side of the first shell portion 2021 covers the open side of the second shell portion 2022 to form a shell 202 with a storage space.
  • the first shell portion 2021 and the second shell portion 2022 can be a variety of shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • a sealing member such as a sealant, a sealing ring, etc., may also be provided between the first shell part 2021 and the second shell part 2022 .
  • the first housing portion 2021 covers the top of the second housing portion 2022
  • the first housing portion 2021 can also be referred to as an upper housing cover
  • the second housing portion 2022 can also be referred to as a lower housing cover.
  • the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel.
  • Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells is accommodated in the shell 202; of course, multiple battery cells can also be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection to form a battery module 201, and then multiple battery modules 201 are connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the shell 202.
  • FIG3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery module 201 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiple battery cells 3 are first connected in series, in parallel, or in hybrid connection to form a battery module 201 .
  • the multiple battery modules 201 are then connected in series, in parallel, or in hybrid connection to form a whole, and are accommodated in the housing 202 .
  • the multiple battery cells 3 in the battery module 201 can be electrically connected through a busbar component to achieve parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection of the multiple battery cells 3 in the battery module 201 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery testing device 4 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery testing device 4 for testing the expansion force of a battery housing 202.
  • the battery testing device 4 includes an equivalent end plate 41 and a telescopic component 42.
  • the two equivalent end plates 41 are spaced apart along a first direction X.
  • the telescopic component 42 is disposed between the two equivalent end plates 41 and is telescopically disposed along the first direction X so that the telescopic component 42 can squeeze the equivalent end plate 41.
  • a plurality of battery modules 201 are arranged along a first direction X inside the battery. During the charging and discharging process, the battery modules 201 will expand and deform along the first direction X. The extrusion force generated by the expansion and deformation of the plurality of battery modules 201 acts on the battery housing 202 through the battery modules 201 that are in contact with the battery housing 202 in the first direction X.
  • the battery module 201 in contact with the battery housing 202 in the first direction X is replaced by the equivalent end plate 41
  • the expansion force of the battery module 201 is replaced by the extrusion force of the telescopic member 42 in the first direction X
  • the battery module 201 arranged along the first direction X in the actual battery housing 202 is replaced by the equivalent end plate 41 and the telescopic member 42 arranged along the first direction X
  • the one-time telescopic process of the telescopic member 42 replaces the one-time charge and discharge process of the battery module 201.
  • the battery testing device 4 is placed in the battery housing 202, the telescopic member 42 pushes the equivalent end plate 41, and the equivalent end plate 41 squeezes the battery housing 202 to replace the expansion and squeezing of the battery housing 202 by the battery module 201.
  • the battery testing device 4 can replace the actual battery module 201 and be applied to the expansion force test of the battery housing 202.
  • the single extension and retraction speed of the battery testing device 4 is adjustable, and the time required for a single extension and retraction process of the telescopic component 42 is less than the time required for a single charge and discharge of the battery module 201, thereby effectively shortening the test cycle; and when the battery testing device 4 is used, various charging and discharging equipment that cooperates with the battery module 201 is not required, thereby saving testing costs.
  • the battery testing device 4 can also be used to test the expansion force of a battery shell 202 with only a single battery module 201 arranged inside.
  • two equivalent end plates 41 replace the two side surfaces of the battery module 201 shell in the first direction X.
  • the telescopic member 42 is disposed between the two equivalent end plates 41 and is telescopic along the first direction X.
  • “Set” means that the length of the telescopic component 42 in the first direction X is adjustable within the range of L1 to L2, and the distance between the two equivalent end plates 41 in the first direction X is L3, L2>L3 ⁇ L1, L1 ⁇ 0.
  • two equivalent end plates 41 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart in a first direction X, and during the test, when the battery testing device 4 is placed inside the battery housing 202, two wall panels of the battery housing 202 that are relatively arranged in the first direction X are parallel to the two equivalent end plates 41, so as to improve the problem of reduced accuracy of the test results due to the angle between the equivalent end plates 41 and the wall panels of the battery housing 202 during the test.
  • the material of the equivalent end plate 41 is the same as that of the actual battery module 201 shell to improve the accuracy of the test results.
  • the material of the equivalent end plate 41 can be an alloy material such as aluminum alloy, iron alloy, etc., or a polymer material such as polycarbonate, polyisocyanurate foam plastic, or a composite material such as glass fiber plus epoxy resin.
  • the battery testing device 4 for the expansion force test of the battery housing 202 includes an equivalent end plate 41 and a telescopic component 42.
  • the battery testing device 4 replaces the actual battery module 201, and the battery module 201 and the matching charging and discharging equipment are no longer needed, which reduces the testing cost.
  • the two equivalent end plates 41 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and the two equivalent end plates 41 replace the battery module 201 that is actually in contact with the battery housing 202 in the first direction X; the telescopic component 42 is arranged between the two equivalent end plates 41, and the telescopic component 42 squeezes the two equivalent end plates 41 so that the equivalent end plates 41 squeeze the battery housing 202, which replaces the expansion deformation of the actual battery module 201 during the charging and discharging process.
  • the time required for the telescopic process of the telescopic component 42 is less than that of the actual battery module 201 during the charging and discharging process, shortening the test cycle. Thus, the application of the battery testing device 4 can shorten the test cycle and save the test cost.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a telescopic component 42 of a detection device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the telescopic component 42 includes a power component 421 and a transmission component 422 arranged along the first direction X, and the power component 421 is used to drive the transmission component 422 to reciprocate along the first direction X.
  • the power component 421 provides power to the transmission component 422.
  • the telescopic component 42 reciprocates in the first direction X by reciprocating motion.
  • the telescopic component 42 includes a power component 421 and a transmission component 422 arranged along the first direction X.
  • the power component 421 starts and drives the transmission component 422 to move away from the power component 421 along the first direction X.
  • the transmission component 422 contacts the equivalent end plate 41 on one side, the transmission component 422 pushes the equivalent end plate 41 to continue to move along the first direction X until the equivalent end plate 41 abuts against the battery housing 202.
  • the power component 421 will also move in the opposite direction of the transmission component 422 along the first direction X until the power component 421 contacts the equivalent end plate 41 on the other side, and continue to push the equivalent end plate 41 to contact the battery housing 202.
  • the power component 421 continues to drive the transmission component 422 to achieve the effect of squeezing the battery housing 202 by the battery testing device 4.
  • the driving form of the power component 421 is gear drive, hydraulic drive or electromagnetic drive.
  • the battery testing device 4 also includes a control component electrically connected to the power component 421. Before starting the power component 421, test parameters are input into the control component.
  • the control component controls the operation of the power component 421 to adjust the telescopic movement of the telescopic component 42 in the first direction X.
  • the telescopic component 42 includes a power component 421 and a transfer component 422.
  • the power component 421 is used to drive the transfer component 422, so that the reciprocating motion of the transfer component 422 in the first direction X replaces the expansion and contraction in the first direction X during the actual battery module charging and discharging process, so as to shorten the test cycle and reduce the test cost.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a telescopic component 42 of a battery testing device 4 provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • the two transfer members 422 are connected to two ends of the power member 421 in the first direction X, so that the power member 421 can drive the two transfer members 422 to reciprocate along the first direction X.
  • the two transmission members 422 are arranged on a straight line extending along the first direction X, and the shapes of the ends of the two transmission members 422 that contact the equivalent end plate 41 are the same. Compared with the arrangement of a single transmission member 422, both equivalent end plates 41 abut against the transmission member 422, which reduces the distance between the two equivalent end plates 41 and the transmission member 422. The difference in force on the plate 41 is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the test results.
  • one power component 421 may control the movement of two transmission components 422 at the same time, or two sub-power components may be disposed in one power component 421 , and each sub-power component drives one transmission component 422 .
  • the two transmission components 422 are connected to both ends of the power component 421 in the first direction X, which improves the problem of reduced accuracy of the test results due to differences in the force conditions of the equivalent end plates 41 on both sides.
  • one end of the transmission member 422 away from the power member 421 is connected to a push plate 423 , and the push plate 423 is used to push the equivalent end plate 41 .
  • the push plate 423 is made of a rigid material.
  • the material of the push plate 423 is the same as that of the equivalent end plate 41 .
  • the push plate 423 and the transfer member 422 are connected by bonding or welding.
  • a “ ⁇ ”-shaped frame 425 is connected to one side of the push plate 423 toward the transfer component 422 , and the push plate 423 is connected to the transfer component 422 through the “ ⁇ ”-shaped frame 425 .
  • the end of the transfer component 422 facing away from the power component 421 is connected to a push plate 423, and the transfer component 422 pushes the equivalent end plate 41 through the push plate 423.
  • the push plate 423 avoids direct contact between the transfer component 422 and the equivalent end plate 41, thereby protecting the transfer component 422.
  • a cross-sectional area of the push plate 423 in a direction perpendicular to the first direction X is greater than a cross-sectional area of the transfer member 422 in a direction perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the wall surface of the power member 421 in contact with the equivalent end plate 41 has the same shape and area as the push plate 423 .
  • the two push plates 423 have the same shape and area.
  • the cross-sectional area of the push plate 423 in the direction perpendicular to the first direction X is larger than the cross-sectional area of the transfer member 422 in the direction perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the push plate 423 increases the cross-sectional area of the transfer member 422.
  • the contact area between the transmission member 422 and the equivalent end plate 41 reduces the risk of the equivalent end plate 41 being damaged due to excessive pressure caused by the small contact area between the transmission member 422 and the equivalent end plate 41.
  • the center of the push plate 423 and the center of the equivalent end plate 41 are on a straight line extending along the first direction X.
  • the push plate 423 and the equivalent end plate 41 are on a straight line along the first direction X, which improves the problem that the thrust transmitted from the transfer member 422 to the push plate 423 and the extrusion pressure of the equivalent end plate 41 on the battery housing 202 deviate due to the angle between the push plate 423 and the equivalent end plate 41, thus affecting the accuracy of the test results;
  • the center of the push plate 423 and the center of the equivalent end plate 41 are on a straight line along the first direction X, and the center of the equivalent end plate 41 is subjected to the extrusion pressure of the push plate 423, so that the equivalent end plate 41 evenly squeezes the battery housing 202, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results.
  • the telescopic component 42 further includes a pressure sensor 424 , which is disposed between the transmission member 422 and the push plate 423 and is used to collect pressure information fed back from the push plate 423 .
  • the pressure sensor 424 is arranged between the transmission member 422 and the push plate 423 and is used to collect pressure information fed back from the push plate 423.
  • the pressure fed back by the push plate 423 is the reaction force of the squeezing force of the push plate 423 on the battery shell 202. Therefore, the squeezing pressure value of the battery testing device 4 on the battery shell 202 can be easily read through the pressure sensor 424.
  • the pressure sensor 424 is electrically connected to the control member, and the pressure sensor 424 feeds back current pressure information to the control member to assist the control member in regulating the telescopic movement of the telescopic component 42 in the first direction X.
  • the pressure sensor 424 is disposed between the transmission component 422 and the push plate 423 and is used to collect and display pressure information fed back from the push plate 423, so as to more accurately and conveniently adjust the power of the power component 422, thereby improving the accuracy and practicality of the battery testing device 4.
  • the center of the pressure sensor 424 and the center of the push plate 423 are on a straight line extending along the first direction X.
  • the center of the pressure sensor 424 , the center of the push plate 423 and the center of the equivalent end plate 41 are on a straight line extending along the first direction X.
  • the center of the pressure sensor 424 and the center of the push plate 423 are on a straight line extending along the first direction X.
  • the pressure sensor 424 can accurately display the pressure in the first direction X fed back by the push plate 423, thereby improving the accuracy and practicality of the battery testing device 4.
  • the transmission mechanism 422 is a screw rod, and the screw rod and the power component 421 are threadedly connected.
  • the lead screw and the power component 421 are threadedly connected, which improves the connection reliability between the lead screw and the power component 421.
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart of a test method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the test method uses the above-mentioned battery test device and is associated with the device.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a testing method, the testing method comprising:
  • Step S1 placing the battery testing device 4 in the above embodiment in the housing 202 of the battery to be tested.
  • Step S2 starting the telescopic component 42 to stretch and deform the telescopic component 42 along the first direction X and squeeze the equivalent end plate 41 .
  • Step S3 Control the telescopic component 42 to shrink and deform along the first direction X.
  • Step S4 After the telescopic component 42 reciprocates and squeezes the equivalent end plate 41 N times, the telescopic component 42 is closed to detect whether there are cracks on the surface of the battery housing 202 to be tested, N>0.
  • step S3 when the telescopic component 42 contracts and deforms along the first direction X, it is not necessarily required that the telescopic component 42 is separated from the equivalent end plate 41, that is, after the telescopic process is completed, the extrusion force of the telescopic component 42 on the battery housing 202 is not necessarily 0.
  • the telescopic component 42 contracts along the first direction X only requires that the extrusion force of the telescopic component 42 on the battery housing 202 during the contraction process is lower than the extrusion force of the telescopic component 42 on the battery housing 202 during the extension process.
  • a method for detecting whether there are cracks on the surface of the battery housing 202 to be tested may be: Visual inspection, microscopic analysis, CT scanning or ultrasonic testing, etc.
  • the battery testing device 4 is placed in the battery shell 202 to be tested, and the battery testing device 4 replaces the actual battery module, thereby reducing the testing cost; the telescopic component 42 is started to squeeze the battery shell 202 by the extension and contraction process of the telescopic component 42 in the first direction X instead of squeezing the battery shell 202 by the expansion and contraction process of the actual battery module, thereby shortening the testing cycle.
  • step S2 the telescopic component 42 is stretched along the first direction X so that the telescopic component 42 presses the equivalent end plate 41 until the telescopic component 42 reaches a peak load.
  • the peak load is the squeezing force of the actual battery module on the battery housing 202 when the battery module is fully charged.
  • the peak load is used instead of the expansion and compression force on the battery housing 202 when the actual battery module is fully charged, thereby improving the accuracy of the test method.
  • the telescopic member 42 is maintained at the peak load for a first time t1 , where t1>0.
  • the telescopic member 42 is maintained at the peak load for the first time t1 to replace the actual maintenance time of the battery module after it is fully charged, thereby improving the accuracy of the test method.
  • step S3 the telescopic component 42 is contracted along the first direction X so that the telescopic component 42 is away from the equivalent end plate 41 until the telescopic component 42 reaches the valley load.
  • the valley load is the squeezing force of the battery module on the battery housing 202 when fully discharged.
  • the valley load is used instead of the squeezing force on the battery housing 202 when the actual battery module is fully discharged, thereby improving the accuracy of the test method.
  • the telescopic component 42 is maintained at the valley load for a second time t2 , where t2>0.
  • the time from the time when the telescopic component 42 passes the peak load holding time t1 to the time when the telescopic component 42 reaches the valley load is t3; the time from the time when the telescopic component 42 passes the valley load holding time t2 to the time when the telescopic component 42 reaches the peak load is t4.
  • the values of t3 and t4 can be freely adjusted, t3 and t4 can be equal or different, and t3 and t4 can be set to be less than the actual charge and discharge time of the battery module to achieve the purpose of shortening the test cycle.
  • the telescopic component 42 is maintained at the valley load for the second time t2 to replace the actual maintenance time of the battery module after it is fully discharged, thereby improving the accuracy of the test method.
  • the present application provides a battery testing device 4 for testing the expansion force of a battery housing 202, and the battery testing device 4 includes an equivalent end plate 41 and a telescopic component 42.
  • the two equivalent end plates 41 are spaced apart along a first direction X; the telescopic component 42 is disposed between the two equivalent end plates 41 and is telescopically disposed along the first direction X, so that the telescopic component 42 can squeeze the equivalent end plate 41.
  • the telescopic component 42 includes a power component 421 and a transmission component 422 arranged in a first direction X, the power component 421 is used to drive the transmission component 422 to reciprocate along the first direction X, the transmission mechanism 422 is a screw rod, and the screw rod and the power component 421 are threadedly connected.
  • the end of the transmission component 422 away from the power component 421 is connected to a push plate 423, the push plate 423 is used to push the equivalent end plate 41, and the cross-sectional area of the push plate 423 perpendicular to the first direction X is greater than the cross-sectional area of the transmission component 422 perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the pressure sensor 424 is disposed between the transmission member 422 and the push plate 423 and is used to collect pressure information fed back from the push plate 423.
  • the center of the pressure sensor 424, the center of the push plate 423 and the center of the equivalent end plate 41 are on a straight line extending along the first direction X.
  • the battery testing device 4 for testing the expansion force of the battery housing 202 includes an equivalent end plate 41 and a telescopic component 42.
  • the battery testing device 4 replaces the actual battery module 201, and the battery module 201 and the matching charging and discharging equipment are no longer required, thereby reducing the testing cost.
  • the two equivalent end plates 41 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X to replace the battery module 201 that is actually in contact with the battery housing 202 in the first direction X; the telescopic component 42 is arranged between the two equivalent end plates 41, and the telescopic component 42 squeezes the two equivalent end plates 41 so that the equivalent end
  • the plate 41 squeezes the battery housing 202 to replace the squeezing of the battery housing 202 by the expansion deformation during the actual battery module 201 charging and discharging process.
  • the time required for the expansion and contraction process of the expansion and contraction component 42 is less, thereby shortening the test cycle. Therefore, the application of the battery testing device can shorten the test cycle and save test costs.
  • the present application also provides a testing method, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 , including:
  • the battery testing device 4 in the above embodiment is placed in the battery housing 202 to be tested;
  • the telescopic component 42 is started to stretch and deform along the first direction X and squeeze the equivalent end plate 41 until the telescopic component 42 reaches a peak load, and the telescopic component 42 is maintained at the peak load for a first time t1, t1>0;
  • the telescopic component 42 is controlled to shrink and deform along the first direction X and move away from the equivalent end plate 41 until the telescopic component 42 reaches the valley load, and the telescopic component 42 is maintained at the valley load for a second time t2, t2>0;
  • the telescopic component 42 After the telescopic component 42 reciprocates and squeezes the equivalent end plate N times, the telescopic component 42 is closed to detect whether there are cracks on the surface of the battery casing 202 to be tested, N>0.
  • the battery testing device 4 is placed in the battery shell 202 to be tested, and the battery testing device 4 replaces the actual battery module 201, thereby reducing the testing cost; the telescopic component 42 is started to squeeze the battery shell 202 by the extension and contraction process of the telescopic component 42 in the first direction X instead of squeezing the battery shell 202 by the expansion and contraction process of the actual battery module 201, thereby shortening the testing cycle.

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Abstract

一种电池测试装置和测试方法。用于电池壳体（202）的膨胀力测试的电池测试装置包括等效端板（41）和伸缩部件（42），以电池测试装置代替实际电池模块（201），不再需要电池模块（201）以及与之配套的充放电设备，降低了测试成本。两个等效端板（41）沿第一方向间隔设置以两个等效端板（41）代替实际在第一方向上与电池壳体（202）接触的电池模块（201）；伸缩部件（42）设置在两个等效端板（41）之间，伸缩部件（42）挤压两个等效端板（41）以使等效端板（41）挤压电池壳体（202），用以代替实际电池模块（201）充放电过程中的膨胀变形对电池壳体（202）的挤压，相比于实际电池模块（201）的充放电过程伸缩部件（42）的伸缩过程所需的时间更少，缩短了测试周期。

Description

电池测试装置和测试方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年09月27日提交的名称为“202211182906.0”的中国专利申请电池测试装置和测试方法的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池测试装置和测试方法。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车的不断发展，对动力电池的性能要求也越来越高，电池内部通常包括多个排列设置的电池模块，在电池充放电过程中，电池模块会膨胀变形。因此在设计新型电池时需要对电池壳体进行膨胀力测试。
目前应用于电池壳体膨胀力测试中的测试装置仍有待提升。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种电池测试装置和测试方法，能够缩短测试周期，节约测试成本。
第一方面，本申请提供一种电池测试装置，用于电池壳体的膨胀力测试，电池测试装置包括：等效端板，两个等效端板沿第一方向间隔设置；伸缩部件，设置于两个等效端板间且沿第一方向可伸缩设置，以使伸 缩部件能够挤压等效端板。
本申请实施例的方案中，用于电池框架的膨胀力测试的电池测试装置包括等效端板和伸缩部件，以电池测试装置代替实际电池模块，不再需要电池模块以及与之配套的充放电设备，降低了测试成本，两个等效端板沿第一方向间隔设置以两个等效端板代替实际在第一方向上与电池壳体接触的电池模块；伸缩部件设置在两个等效端板之间，伸缩部件挤压两个等效端板以使等效端板挤压电池壳体，用以代替实际电池模块充放电过程中的膨胀变形对电池壳体的挤压，相比于实际电池模块的充放电过程伸缩部件的伸缩过程所需的时间更少，缩短了测试周期。由此应用该电池测试装置，能够缩短测试周期，节约测试成本。
在一些实施例中，伸缩部件包括沿第一方向排列设置的动力构件和传递构件，动力构件用于驱动传递构件沿第一方向往复运动。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，伸缩部件包括动力构件和传递构件，动力构件用于驱动传递构件，以传递构件在第一方向上的往复运动代替实际电池模块充放电过程中在第一方向上的膨胀和收缩，以缩短测试周期，降低测试成本。
在一些实施例中，两个传递构件连接于动力构件在第一方向上的两端，以使动力构件能够驱动两个传递构件沿第一方向往复运动。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，两个传递构件连接在动力构件在第一方向上的两端，改善了因两侧的等效端板受力条件存在差异而导致测试结果准确性降低的问题。
在一些实施例中，传递构件背离动力构件的一端连接有推板，推板用于推动等效端板。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，传递构件背离动力构件的一端连接有推板，传递构件通过推板推动等效端板，推板避免了传递构件和等效 端板直接接触，起到了保护传递部件的作用。
在一些实施例中，推板在垂直于第一方向上的截面积大于传递构件在垂直于第一方向上的截面积。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，推板在垂直于第一方向上的截面积大于传递构件在垂直于第一方向上的截面积，推板增大了传递构件和等效端板的接触面积，降低了因传递构件和等效端板接触面积过小压强过大，导致等效端板被硌伤的风险。
在一些实施例中，推板的中心和等效端板的中心在一条沿第一方向延伸的直线上。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，推板和等效端板在一条沿第一方向的直线上，改善了由于推板和等效端板之间存在夹角导致传递构件传导至推板的推力和等效端板对电池壳体的挤压力出现偏差，影响测试结果准确性的问题；推板中心和等效端板的中心在一条沿第一方向的直线上，等效端板的中心受到推板的挤压力，使等效端板各处均匀的挤压电池壳体，提高了测试结果的准确性。
在一些实施例中，伸缩部件还包括压力传感器，压力传感器设置于传递构件和推板之间并用于收集从推板反馈的压力信息。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，压力传感器设置于传递构件和推板之间并用于收集和显示从推板反馈的压力信息，以此更精确和方便的调节动力构件的功率，提高了该电池测试装置的准确性和实用性。
在一些实施例中，压力传感器的中心和推板的中心在一条沿第一方向延伸的直线上。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，压力传感器的中心和推板的中心在一条沿第一方向延伸的直线上，压力传感器可以准确的显示由推板反馈的在第一方向上的压力，提高了电池测试装置的准确性。
在一些实施例中，传递机构为丝杆，丝杆和动力构件螺纹连接。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，丝杆和动力构件螺纹连接，提高了丝杠和动力构件的连接可靠性。
第二方面，本申请提供一种测试方法，包括：
将上述第一方面任一实施例的电池测试装置安置在待测电池壳体内；
启动伸缩部件，以使伸缩部件沿第一方向伸展变形并挤压等效端板；
控制伸缩部件沿第一方向收缩变形；
在伸缩部件往复挤压等效端板N次后，关闭伸缩部件，检测待测电池壳体表面是否有裂纹，N＞0。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，将电池测试装置安置在待测电池壳体内，以电池测试装置代替实际的电池模块，降低了测试成本；启动伸缩部件，以伸缩部件在第一方向上的伸展和收缩过程对电池壳体的挤压代替实际电池模块的膨胀和收缩过程对电池壳体的挤压，缩短了测试周期。
在一些实施例中，在启动伸缩部件，以使伸缩部件沿第一方向伸展变形并挤压等效端板的步骤中，使伸缩部件沿第一方向伸展，以使伸缩部件挤压等效端板，直至伸缩部件达到峰值载荷。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，以峰值载荷代替实际电池模块充满电时对电池壳体的膨胀挤压力，提高了该测试方法的准确性。
在一些实施例中，在使伸缩部件沿第一方向伸展，以使伸缩部件挤压等效端板，直至伸缩部件达到峰值载荷的步骤中，伸缩部件保持在峰值载荷并保持第一时间t1，t1＞0。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，伸缩部件保持在峰值载荷并保持第一时间t1，用以代替实际电池模块充满电后的保持时间，提高了该测试 方法的准确性。
在一些实施例中，在控制伸缩部件沿第一方向收缩变形的步骤中，使伸缩部件沿第一方向收缩，以使伸缩部件远离等效端板，直至伸缩部件达到谷值载荷。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，以谷值载荷代替实际电池模块完全放电时对电池壳体的挤压力，提高了该测试方法的准确性。
在一些实施例中，在使伸缩部件沿第一方向收缩，以使伸缩部件远离等效端板，直至伸缩部件达到谷值载荷的步骤中，伸缩部件保持在谷值载荷并保持第二时间t2，t2＞0。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，伸缩部件保持在谷值载荷并保持第二时间t2，用以代替实际电池模块完全放电后的保持时间，提高了该测试方法的准确性。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1是本申请一实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例提供的电池模块的结构示意图；
图3是申请一实施例提供的一种电池模块的结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例提供的电池测试装置结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例提供的电池测试装置的伸缩部件的结构示意图；
图6是本申请另一实施例提供的电池测试装置的伸缩部件的结构示意图；
图7是本申请一实施例提供的测试方法流程图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1车辆，2电池，101马达，102控制器，202壳体，2021第一壳体部，2022第二壳体部，201电池模块，3电池单体，4电池测试装置，41等效端板，42伸缩部件，421动力构件，422传递构件，423推板，424压力传感器，425“匚”型框架。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本申请实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请实施例所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
此外，技术术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提 供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的壳体。壳体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
本申请发明人注意到，电池充放电循环过程时，电池模块会膨胀挤压电池壳体，长期的膨胀挤压会对电池壳体造成不可逆影响，造成电池壳体的变形或开裂。因此在设计新型电池时要对电池壳体进行膨胀力测试，但目前电池膨胀力测试存在测试周期长，成本高的问题。
发明人经过研究发现，目前的测试方法是通过对实际电池模块进行充放电循环来验证电池模块的膨胀力对电池壳体的影响，受电池模块的制备时间和充放电流程的限制，单次测试时间长，并且需要给待测电池模块配备充放电设备，测试成本高。
基于发明人发现的上述问题，发明人设计了一种用于电池壳体膨胀力测试的电池测试装置，电池测试装置包括等效端板和伸缩部件，以电池测试装置代替实际电池模块，不再需要电池模块以及与之配套的充放电设备，降低了测试成本，两个等效端板沿第一方向间隔设置以两个等效端板代替实际在第一方向上与电池壳体抵接的电池模块；伸缩部件设置在两个等效端板之间，伸缩部件挤压两个等效端板以使等效端板挤压电池壳体，用以代替实际电池模块充放电过程中的膨胀变形对电池壳体的挤压，相比于实际电池模块的充放电过程伸缩部件的伸缩过程所需的时间更少，缩短了测试周期。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例 对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的电池和用电设备，还可以适用于所有包括壳体的电池以及使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。车辆1还可以包括控制器102和马达101，控制器102用来控制电池为马达101供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池不仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池2可以包括多个电池单体，电池单体是指组成电池模块或电池包的最小单元。多个电池单体可经由电极端子而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。本申请中所提到的电池2包括电池模块或电池包。其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。本申请的实施例中多个电池单体可以直接组成电池包，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池包。
图2示出了本申请一实施例的电池2的结构示意图。
如图2所示，电池包括壳体202和电池单体(图未示出)，电池单体容纳于壳体202内。
壳体202可以是单独的长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构，也可以是由长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构组合而成的复杂立体结构。壳体202的材质可以是如铝合金、铁合金等合金材料，也可以是如聚碳酸酯、聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料等高分子材料，或者是如玻璃纤维 加环氧树脂的复合材料。
壳体202用于容纳电池单体，壳体202可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，壳体202可以包括第一壳体部2021和第二壳体部2022，第一壳体部2021与第二壳体部2022相互盖合，第一壳体部2021和第二壳体部2022共同限定出用于容纳电池单体3的容纳空间。第二壳体部2022可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一壳体部2021为板状结构，第一壳体部2021盖合于第二壳体部2022的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的壳体202；第一壳体部2021和第二壳体部2022也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一壳体部2021的开口侧盖合于第二壳体部2022的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的壳体202。当然，第一壳体部2021和第二壳体部2022可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一壳体部2021与第二壳体部2022连接后的密封性，第一壳体部2021与第二壳体部2022之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一壳体部2021盖合于第二壳体部2022的顶部，第一壳体部2021亦可称之为上箱盖，第二壳体部2022亦可称之为下箱盖。
在电池2中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于壳体202内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块201，多个电池模块201再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于壳体202内。
图3示出了本申请一实施例的电池模块201的结构示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图2和图3所示，电池单体3为多个，多个电池单体3先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块201。多个电池模块201再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于壳体202内。
电池模块201中的多个电池单体3之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块201中的多个电池单体3的并联或串联或混联。
请一并参阅图2至图4，图4是本申请一实施例提供的电池测试装置4结构示意图。
如图4所示，本申请实施例提供了一种电池测试装置4，用于电池壳体202的膨胀力测试，电池测试装置4包括等效端板41和伸缩部件42，两个等效端板41沿第一方向X间隔设置，伸缩部件42设置于两个等效端板41间且沿第一方向X可伸缩设置，以使伸缩部件42能够挤压等效端板41。
如图2所示，电池内部有多个电池模块201沿第一方向X排列设置，在充放电过程中，电池模块201会产生沿第一方向X的膨胀变形。这股由多个电池模块201膨胀变形产生的挤压力通过在第一方向X上与电池壳体202接触的电池模块201作用在电池壳体202上。
在该电池测试装置中，以等效端板41代替在第一方向X上与电池壳体202接触的电池模块201，以伸缩构件42在第一方向X上的挤压力代替电池模块201的膨胀力，以沿第一方向X排列的等效端板41和伸缩部件42代替实际电池壳体202内沿第一方向X排列的电池模块201，以伸缩部件42的一次伸缩过程代替电池模块201的一次充放电过程。在测试时，将该电池测试装置4放置在电池壳体202内，伸缩部件42推动等效端板41，等效端板41挤压电池壳体202以代替电池模块201对电池壳体202的膨胀挤压。由此，该电池测试装置4可以代替实际电池模块201应用于电池壳体202的膨胀力测试中。并且相比于实际的电池模块201，该电池测试装置4的单次伸缩速度可调，伸缩部件42单次伸缩过程所需的时间小于电池模块201的单次充放电所需的时间，有效缩短了测试周期；且应用该电池测试装置4时，不需要与电池模块201配合的各种充放电设备，节约测试成本。
可以理解的，内部仅设置单个电池模块201的电池的壳体202膨胀力测试也可应用该电池测试装置4，此时两个等效端板41代替电池模块201外壳在第一方向X上的两侧表面。
“伸缩部件42设置于两个等效端板41间且沿第一方向X可伸缩 设置”指的是，伸缩部件42在第一方向X上的长度在L1至L2的范围内可调，在第一方向X上两个等效端板41之间的距离为L3，L2＞L3≥L1，L1≠0。
可选的，两个等效端板41在第一方向X上间隔平行设置，且在测试过程中，将该电池测试装置4放在电池壳体202内部时，电池壳体202在第一方向X上相对设置的两个壁板与两个等效端板41平行，以改善测试过程中，因等效端板41与电池壳体202的壁板之间存在夹角，导致测试结果准确性降低的问题。
可选的，等效端板41与实际电池模块201外壳的材料相同，以提升测试结果的准确性。可选的，等效端板41的材料可以是如铝合金、铁合金等合金材料，也可以是如聚碳酸酯、聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料等高分子材料，或者是如玻璃纤维加环氧树脂的复合材料。
在这些实施例中，用于电池壳体202的膨胀力测试的电池测试装置4包括等效端板41和伸缩部件42，以电池测试装置4代替实际电池模块201，不再需要电池模块201以及与之配套的充放电设备，降低了测试成本，两个等效端板41沿第一方向X间隔设置，以两个等效端板41代替实际在第一方向X上与电池壳体202接触的电池模块201；伸缩部件42设置在两个等效端板41之间，伸缩部件42挤压两个等效端板41以使等效端板41挤压电池壳体202，用以代替实际电池模块201充放电过程中的膨胀变形对电池壳体202的挤压，相比于实际电池模块201的充放电过程伸缩部件42的伸缩过程所需的时间更少，缩短了测试周期。由此应用该电池测试装置4，能够缩短测试周期，节约测试成本。
请参阅图4和图5，图5是本申请一实施例提供的检测装置的伸缩部件42的结构示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图4和图5所示，伸缩部件42包括沿第一方向X排列设置的动力构件421和传递构件422，动力构件421用于驱动传递构件422沿第一方向X往复运动。
动力构件421为传递构件422提供动力，传递构件422在第一方 向X上往复运动以实现伸缩部件42在第一方向X上往复伸缩的效果。
伸缩部件42包括沿第一方向X排列的动力构件421和一个传递构件422，在电池膨胀力测试过程中，动力构件421启动并驱动传递构件422沿第一方向X背离动力构件421运动，当传递构件422与一侧等效端板41接触时，传递构件422推动等效端板41继续沿第一方向X运动直至等效端板41与电池壳体202抵接。在此过程中，受反作用力影响，动力构件421也会沿第一方向X与传递构件422背向运动直至动力构件421与另一侧的等效端板41接触，并继续推动等效端板41与电池壳体202接触。动力构件421继续驱动传递部件422以达到使该电池测试装置4挤压电池壳体202的效果。
可选的，动力构件421的驱动形式为齿轮驱动、液压驱动或电磁驱动等。
在该电池测试装置4内还包括与动力构件421电连接的控制构件，在启动动力构件421之前向控制构件内输入测试参数，控制构件控制动力构件421的运转，以此来调节伸缩部件42在第一方向X上的伸缩运动。
在这些实施例中，伸缩部件42包括动力构件421和传递构件422，动力构件421用于驱动传递构件422，以传递构件422在第一方向X上的往复运动代替实际电池模块充放电过程中在第一方向X上的膨胀和收缩，以缩短测试周期，降低测试成本。
请参阅图6，图6是本申请另一实施例提供的电池测试装置4的伸缩部件42的结构示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，两个传递构件422连接于动力构件421在第一方向X上的两端，以使动力构件421能够驱动两个传递构件422沿第一方向X往复运动。
两个传递构件422设置在沿第一方向X延伸的直线上，且两个传递构件422与等效端板41接触的一端的形状相同。相比于单个传递构件422的设置，两个等效端板41均与传递构件422抵接，降低了两个等效端 板41的受力差异，有益于提高测试结果的准确性。
可选的，一个动力构件421可同时控制两个传递构件422的运动，或，一个动力构件421内设置有两个子动力构件，每个子动力构件驱动一个传递构件422。
在这些实施例中，两个传递构件422连接在动力构件421在第一方向X上的两端，改善了因两侧的等效端板41受力条件存在差异而导致测试结果准确性降低的问题。
在一些实施例中，如图4至图6所示，传递构件422背离动力构件421的一端连接有推板423，推板423用于推动等效端板41。
可选的，推板423材质为刚性材料，可选的，推板423材料和等效端板41的材料相同。
可选的，推板423与传递构件422的连接方式为粘接或焊接。
可选的，在第一方向X上，推板朝423向传递构件422的一侧连接有“匚”型框架425，推板423通过“匚”型框架425连接在传递构件422上。
在这些实施例中，传递构件422背离动力构件421的一端连接有推板423，传递构件422通过推板423推动等效端板41，推板423避免了传递构件422和等效端板41直接接触，起到了保护传递部件422的作用。
在一些实施例中，如图4至图6所示，推板423在垂直于第一方向X上的截面积大于传递构件422在垂直于第一方向X上的截面积。
在伸缩部件42中只设置一个传递构件422的情况下，动力构件421与等效端板41接触的壁面与推板423的形状和面积相同。
在伸缩部件42设置两个传递构件422的情况下，两个推板423形状和面积相同。
在这些实施例中，推板423在垂直于第一方向X上的截面积大于传递构件422在垂直于第一方向X上的截面积，推板423增大了传递构件 422和等效端板41的接触面积，降低了因传递构件422和等效端板41接触面积过小压强过大，使等效端板41被硌伤的风险。
在一些实施例中，如图4至图6所示，推板423的中心和等效端板41的中心在一条沿第一方向X延伸的直线上。
在这些实施例中，推板423和等效端板41在一条沿第一方向X的直线上，改善了由于推板423和等效端板41之间存在夹角导致传递构件422传导至推板423的推力和等效端板41对电池壳体202的挤压力出现偏差，影响测试结果准确性的问题；推板423中心和等效端板41的中心在一条沿第一方向X的直线上，等效端板41的中心受到推板423的挤压力，使等效端板41各处均匀的挤压电池壳体202，提高了测试结果的准确性。
在一些实施例中，如图4至图6所示，伸缩部件42还包括压力传感器424，压力传感器424设置于传递构件422和推板423之间并用于收集从推板423反馈的压力信息。
压力传感器424设置于传递构件422和推板423之间并用于收集从推板423反馈的压力信息，推板423反馈的压力是推板423对电池壳体202的挤压力的反作用力，由此，通过压力传感器424可以方便的读出该电池测试装置4对电池壳体202的挤压力数值。
压力传感器424与控制构件电连接，压力传感器424向控制构件反馈当前压力信息以辅助控制构件调节伸缩部件42在第一方向X上的伸缩运动。
在这些实施例中，压力传感器424设置于传递构件422和推板423之间并用于收集和显示从推板423反馈的压力信息，以此更精确和方便的调节动力构件422的功率，提高了该电池测试装置4的准确性和实用性。
在一些实施例中，如图4至图6所示，压力传感器424的中心和推板423的中心在一条沿第一方向X延伸的直线上。
可选的，压力传感器424的中心，推板423的中心和等效端板41的中心在一条沿第一方向X延伸的直线上。
在这些实施例中，压力传感器424的中心和推板423的中心在一条沿第一方向X延伸的直线上，压力传感器424可以准确的显示由推板423反馈的在第一方向X上的压力，提高了电池测试装置4的准确性和实用性。
在这些实施例中，如图6所示，传递机构422为丝杆，丝杆和动力构件421螺纹连接。
在这些实施例中，丝杆和动力构件421螺纹连接，提高了丝杠和动力构件421的连接可靠性。
请参阅图4至图7，图7是本申请一实施例提供的测试方法流程图。测试方法使用上述的电池测试装置，跟装置联系起来。
如图4至图7所示，本申请实施例还提供一种测试方法，测试方法包括：
步骤S1：将上述实施例中的电池测试装置4安置在待测电池壳体202内。
步骤S2：启动伸缩部件42，以使伸缩部件42沿第一方向X伸展变形并挤压等效端板41。
步骤S3：控制伸缩部件42沿第一方向X收缩变形。
步骤S4：在伸缩部件42往复挤压等效端板41N次后，关闭伸缩部件42，检测待测电池壳体202表面是否有裂纹，N＞0。
在步骤S3中，伸缩部件42沿第一方向X收缩变形时，并不一定要求伸缩部件42与等效端板41分离，也就是伸缩过程完成后，伸缩部件42对电池壳体202的挤压力不一定为0。“伸缩部件42沿第一方向X收缩”仅要求收缩过程中伸缩部件42对电池壳体202的挤压力相比伸展过程中伸缩部件42对电池壳体202的挤压力低。
可选的，检测待测电池壳体202表面是否有裂纹的方法可以为， 目视检测，显微分析、CT扫描或超声检测等。
在这些实施例中，将电池测试装置4安置在待测电池壳体202内，以电池测试装置4代替实际的电池模块，降低了测试成本；启动伸缩部件42以伸缩部件42在第一方向X上的伸展和收缩过程对电池壳体202的挤压代替实际电池模块的膨胀和收缩过程对电池壳体202的挤压，缩短了测试周期。
在一些实施例中，如图4至图7所示，在步骤S2中，使伸缩部件42沿第一方向X伸展，以使伸缩部件42挤压等效端板41，直至伸缩部件42达到峰值载荷。
可选的，峰值载荷为实际电池模块在充满电时对电池壳体202的挤压力。
在这些实施例中，以峰值载荷代替实际电池模块充满电时对电池壳体202的膨胀挤压力，提高了该测试方法的准确性。
在一些实施例中，如图6至图7所示，在上述步骤中，伸缩部件42保持在峰值载荷保持第一时间t1，t1＞0。
在这些实施例中，伸缩部件42保持在峰值载荷保持第一时间t1，用以代替实际电池模块充满电后的保持时间，提高了该测试方法的准确性。
在一些实施例中，如图4至图7所示，在步骤S3中，使伸缩部件42沿第一方向X收缩，以使伸缩部件42远离等效端板41，直至伸缩部件42达到谷值载荷。
可选的，谷值载荷为完全放电时电池模块对电池壳体202的挤压力。
在这些实施例中，以谷值载荷代替实际电池模块完全放电时对电池壳体202的挤压力，提高了该测试方法的准确性。
在一些实施例中，如图6至图7所示，在上述步骤中，伸缩部件42保持在谷值载荷保持第二时间t2，t2＞0。
可选的，伸缩部件42在度过峰值载荷保持时间t1至伸缩部件42达到谷值载荷的时间为t3；伸缩部件42在度过谷值载荷保持时间t2至伸缩部件42达到峰值载荷的时间为t4。t3和t4的值可以自由调节，t3和t4可以相等或不等，t3和t4可以设置的小于实际电池模块的充放电时间，以达到缩短测试周期的目的。
在这些实施例中，伸缩部件42保持在谷值载荷保持第二时间t2，用以代替实际电池模块完全放电后的保持时间，提高了该测试方法的准确性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1至图7所示，本申请提供一种电池测试装置4，用于电池壳体202的膨胀力测试，电池测试装置4包括等效端板41和伸缩部件42。两个等效端板41沿第一方向X间隔设置；伸缩部件42设置于两个等效端板41间且沿第一方向X可伸缩设置，以使伸缩部件42能够挤压等效端板41。
伸缩部件42包括沿第一方向X排列设置的动力构件421和传递构件422，动力构件421用于驱动传递构件422沿第一方向X往复运动，传递机构422为丝杆，丝杆和动力构件421螺纹连接。传递构件422背离动力构件421的一端连接有推板423，推板423用于推动等效端板41，推板423在垂直于第一方向X上的截面积大于传递构件422在垂直于第一方向X上的截面积。
压力传感器424设置于传递构件422和推板423之间并用于收集从推板423反馈的压力信息，压力传感器424的中心和推板423的中心和等效端板41的中心在一条沿第一方向X延伸的直线上。
在这些实施例中，用于电池壳体202的膨胀力测试的电池测试装置4包括等效端板41和伸缩部件42，以电池测试装置4代替实际电池模块201，不再需要电池模块201以及与之配套的充放电设备，降低了测试成本，两个等效端板41沿第一方向X间隔设置以两个等效端板41代替实际在第一方向X上与电池壳体202接触的电池模块201；伸缩部件42设置在两个等效端板41之间，伸缩部件42挤压两个等效端板41以使等效端 板41挤压电池壳体202，用以代替实际电池模块201充放电过程中的膨胀变形对电池壳体202的挤压，相比于实际电池模块201的充放电过程伸缩部件42的伸缩过程所需的时间更少，缩短了测试周期。由此应用该电池测试装置，能够缩短测试周期，节约测试成本。
本申请实施例还提供一种测试方法，如图1至图7所示，包括：
将上述实施例中的电池测试装置4安置在待测电池壳体202内；
启动伸缩部件42，以使伸缩部件42沿第一方向X伸展变形并挤压等效端板41，直至伸缩部件42达到峰值载荷，伸缩部件42保持在峰值载荷保持第一时间t1，t1＞0；
控制伸缩部件42沿第一方向X收缩变形并远离等效端板41，直至伸缩部件42达到谷值载荷，伸缩部件42保持在谷值载荷保持第二时间t2，t2＞0；
在伸缩部件42往复挤压等效端板N次后，关闭伸缩部件42，检测待测电池壳体202表面是否有裂纹，N＞0。
在这些实施例中，将电池测试装置4安置在待测电池壳体202内，以电池测试装置4代替实际的电池模块201，降低了测试成本；启动伸缩部件42以伸缩部件42在第一方向X上的伸展和收缩过程对电池壳体202的挤压代替实际电池模块201的膨胀和收缩过程对电池壳体202的挤压，缩短了测试周期。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池测试装置，用于电池壳体的膨胀力测试，所述电池测试装置包括：
    等效端板，两个所述等效端板沿第一方向间隔设置；
    伸缩部件，设置于两个所述等效端板间且沿所述第一方向可伸缩设置，以使所述伸缩部件能够挤压所述等效端板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池测试装置，其中，所述伸缩部件包括沿所述第一方向排列设置的动力构件和传递构件，所述动力构件用于驱动所述传递构件沿所述第一方向往复运动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池测试装置，其中，两个所述传递构件连接于所述动力构件在所述第一方向上的两端，以使所述动力构件能够驱动两个所述传递构件沿所述第一方向往复运动。
  4. 根据权利要求2-3任一项所述的电池测试装置，其中，所述传递构件背离所述动力构件的一端连接有推板，所述推板用于推动所述等效端板。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池测试装置，其中，所述推板在垂直于所述第一方向上的截面积大于所述传递构件在垂直于所述第一方向上的截面积。
  6. 根据权利要求4-5任一项所述的电池测试装置，其中，所述推板的中心和所述等效端板的中心在一条沿所述第一方向延伸的直线上。
  7. 根据权利要求4-6任一项所述的电池测试装置，其中，所述伸缩部件还包括：
    压力传感器，设置于所述传递构件和所述推板之间并用于收集从所述推板反馈的压力信息。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池测试装置，其中，所述压力传感器的中心和所述推板的中心在一条沿所述第一方向延伸的直线上。
  9. 根据权利要求2-8任一项所述的电池测试装置，其中，所述传递机构为丝杆，所述丝杆和所述动力构件螺纹连接。
  10. 一种测试方法，其中，包括：
    将权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池测试装置安置在待测电池壳体内；
    启动所述伸缩部件，以使所述伸缩部件沿第一方向伸展变形并挤压所述等效端板；
    控制所述伸缩部件沿所述第一方向收缩变形；
    在所述伸缩部件往复挤压所述等效端板N次后，关闭所述伸缩部件，检测待测电池壳体表面是否有裂纹，N＞0。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的测试方法，其中，在启动所述伸缩部件，以使所述伸缩部件沿第一方向伸展变形并挤压所述等效端板的步骤中，使所述伸缩部件沿所述第一方向伸展，以使所述伸缩部件挤压所述等效端板，直至所述伸缩部件达到峰值载荷。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的测试方法，其中，在使所述伸缩部件沿所述第一方向伸展，以使所述伸缩部件挤压所述等效端板，直至所述伸缩部件达到峰值载荷的步骤中，所述伸缩部件保持在所述峰值载荷并保持第一时间t1，t1＞0。
  13. 根据权利要求11-12任一项所述的测试方法，其中，在控制所述伸缩部件沿所述第一方向收缩变形的步骤中，使所述伸缩部件沿所述第一方向收缩，以使所述伸缩部件远离所述等效端板，直至所述伸缩部件达到谷值载荷。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的测试方法，其中，在使所述伸缩部件沿所述第一方向收缩，以使所述伸缩部件远离所述等效端板，直至所述伸缩部 件达到谷值载荷的步骤中，所述伸缩部件保持在所述谷值载荷并保持第二时间t2，t2＞0。
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