WO2024066043A1 - 基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法及装置 - Google Patents

基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2024066043A1
WO2024066043A1 PCT/CN2022/137060 CN2022137060W WO2024066043A1 WO 2024066043 A1 WO2024066043 A1 WO 2024066043A1 CN 2022137060 W CN2022137060 W CN 2022137060W WO 2024066043 A1 WO2024066043 A1 WO 2024066043A1
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blockchain
double
guarantee
layer
electronic
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French (fr)
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吴承科
杨之乐
郭媛君
刘祥飞
冯伟
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深圳先进技术研究院
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0637—Strategic management or analysis, e.g. setting a goal or target of an organisation; Planning actions based on goals; Analysis or evaluation of effectiveness of goals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/602—Providing cryptographic facilities or services
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/06—Protocols specially adapted for file transfer, e.g. file transfer protocol [FTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1097—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for distributed storage of data in networks, e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS], storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electronic letters of guarantee, and in particular to a method and device for managing electronic letters of guarantee based on a double-layer blockchain.
  • a letter of guarantee is a written credit guarantee certificate issued by a bank, insurance company, guarantee company or individual to a third party at the request of an applicant.
  • An electronic letter of guarantee is a product of the information age. Like a paper letter of guarantee, it is an electronic guarantee certificate issued by a bank, insurance company, guarantee company or other guarantor to the beneficiary at the request of the insured, guaranteeing that if the applicant fails to perform its responsibilities or obligations as agreed by both parties, the guarantor will perform a certain payment or economic compensation liability within a certain amount and time limit on its behalf.
  • An electronic letter of guarantee is generally a legally binding guarantee certificate issued by the guarantor to the beneficiary through a computer network using a data message electronically signed with a CA certificate as the medium.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic guarantee management method and device based on a double-layer blockchain, so as to at least solve the technical problem of information leakage in the existing electronic guarantee business process.
  • a method for managing an electronic letter of guarantee based on a double-layer blockchain comprising the following steps:
  • the double-layer blockchain uses the hash codes between the two blocks therein and their corresponding matching degrees to expand the double-layer blockchain.
  • step S101 specifically includes:
  • a main blockchain is established based on the current project.
  • the main blockchain manager has global permissions for the blockchain structure and can access the engineering activity data of the guarantee company and other insured units.
  • the guarantee company and other insured units copy and distribute a sub-blockchain, and upload the specific information of their respective participation in the project activities to the sub-blockchain.
  • the guarantee company and other insured units upload the specific information of their respective participation in engineering activities to the sub-blockchain
  • the uploaded data undergoes a hash encryption and decryption process, and other participants except the main blockchain manager cannot obtain the specific information uploaded by the sub-blockchain owner.
  • main blockchain manager is the project owner.
  • the smart contract is deployed on the main blockchain.
  • the smart contract periodically monitors the project information recorded in the main blockchain and compares it with its internal contract rules and conditions. If the conditions are met, the corresponding contract terms will be automatically triggered, and no participating party can tamper with it.
  • the smart contract integrates the electronic guarantee execution rules, including the liability determination rules. If an accident occurs to a participant, the saved activity data of the corresponding participant will be retrieved to determine the liability fault and whether the insurance claim requirements are met. If so, the compensation process will be carried out.
  • the critical path chain CPM of the engineering progress allows parallel activities to form a multi-link tree structure.
  • each link on the multi-link tree structure is identified as a separate blockchain, and the critical path chain CPM allows the hash value search space to be reset on different branches on the chain.
  • the hash code and its corresponding matching degree are unique and irreversible, and the encoded original information cannot be reversed through the hash code.
  • an electronic guarantee management device based on a double-layer blockchain comprising:
  • the coding unit is used to hash the key information of each engineering activity using a double-layer blockchain while satisfying the dependency relationship between the preceding and following activities specified in the critical path chain CPM of the engineering progress;
  • the expansion unit is used for the double-layer blockchain to expand the double-layer blockchain using the hash codes between the two blocks therein and their corresponding matching degrees.
  • a storage medium storing a program file capable of implementing any one of the above-mentioned electronic guarantee management methods based on a double-layer blockchain.
  • a processor is used to run a program, wherein when the program is run, any one of the above-mentioned electronic letter of guarantee management methods based on a double-layer blockchain is executed.
  • the electronic letter of guarantee management method and device based on the double-layer blockchain in the embodiment of the present invention first uses the double-layer blockchain to hash the key information of each engineering activity while satisfying the dependency relationship between the preceding and succeeding activities specified in the critical path chain CPM of the engineering progress.
  • the double-layer blockchain then uses the hash codes between the two blocks therein and their corresponding matching degrees to expand the double-layer blockchain, thereby maximizing the efficiency of information interaction and the authenticity of information while ensuring the privacy of information, and to a certain extent solving the problem of low speed in establishing and accessing the blockchain as a database.
  • FIG1 is a flow chart of an electronic guarantee management method based on a double-layer blockchain according to the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a module diagram of an electronic letter of guarantee management device based on a double-layer blockchain according to the present invention.
  • a method for managing an electronic letter of guarantee based on a double-layer blockchain includes the following steps:
  • the double-layer blockchain uses the hash codes between the two blocks therein and their corresponding matching degrees to expand the double-layer blockchain.
  • the electronic letter of guarantee management method based on the double-layer blockchain in the embodiment of the present invention first uses the double-layer blockchain to hash the key information of each engineering activity while satisfying the dependency relationship between the preceding and succeeding activities specified in the critical path chain CPM of the engineering progress.
  • the double-layer blockchain then uses the hash codes between the two blocks therein and their corresponding matching degrees to expand the double-layer blockchain, thereby maximizing the efficiency of information interaction and the authenticity of information while ensuring the privacy of information, and solving the problem of low speed of establishing and accessing the blockchain as a database to a certain extent.
  • step S101 specifically includes:
  • a main blockchain is established based on the current project.
  • the main blockchain manager has global permissions for the blockchain structure and can access the engineering activity data of the guarantee company and other insured units.
  • the guarantee company and other insured units copy and distribute a sub-blockchain, and upload the specific information of their respective participation in the project activities to the sub-blockchain.
  • the guarantee company and other insured units upload the specific information of their respective participation in engineering activities to the sub-blockchain
  • the uploaded data undergoes a hash encryption and decryption process.
  • the main blockchain manager other participants cannot obtain the specific information uploaded by the sub-blockchain owner.
  • the main blockchain manager is the project owner.
  • the smart contract is deployed on the main blockchain.
  • the smart contract periodically monitors the project information recorded in the main blockchain and compares it with its internal contract rules and conditions. If the conditions are met, the corresponding contract terms will be automatically triggered, and no participant can tamper with it.
  • the smart contract integrates the electronic guarantee execution rules, including the liability determination rules. If an accident occurs to a participant, the saved activity data of the corresponding participant will be retrieved to determine the liability fault and whether the insurance claim requirements are met. If so, the compensation process will be carried out.
  • the critical path chain CPM of engineering progress allows parallel activities to form a multi-link tree structure.
  • each link on the multi-link tree structure is identified as a separate blockchain, and the critical path chain CPM of the project progress allows the hash value search space to be reset on different branches on the chain.
  • the hash code and its corresponding matching degree are unique and irreversible, and the encoded original information cannot be reversed through the hash code.
  • the electronic guarantee for construction projects involves relevant units. Insured persons, such as project owners, contractors and their related units, namely suppliers, subcontractors, labor subcontractors, etc., are involved in a number of project activities during the process of reaching a guarantee agreement with the guarantee company and executing the guarantee agreement, such as formalities handling, subcontract bidding, project procurement, segmented quality acceptance, accident handling, project payment settlement, etc.
  • the timely execution of these activities in accordance with the terms affects the validity of the current guarantee and the future value of the guarantee of the relevant units.
  • the guarantee company hopes that the above information can be transparent, traceable and tamper-proof; on the other hand, because the insured pursues privacy protection and decentralized information interaction characteristics, they are unwilling to disclose private information to other participants, especially downstream partners, such as contract amount, settlement amount, number of workers and salary level.
  • the present invention utilizes a double-layer blockchain to simultaneously meet the demands of the guarantor and the insured as much as possible.
  • the double-layer blockchain performs hash coding on the key information of each engineering activity, such as the two parties involved in the activity, the content of the activity, the transaction amount, the quality level, etc., and expands the blockchain by combining the dependency relationship between the preceding and following activities specified in the established critical path chain (CPM) of the engineering progress and the hash coding matching degree between the two blocks.
  • CPM critical path chain
  • the hash coding and its matching are unique and irreversible, that is, the original information encoded cannot be calculated back through the hash coding. Therefore, the double-layer blockchain can maximize the efficiency of information interaction and the authenticity of information while ensuring the privacy of information.
  • the present invention further combines the CPM chain of the critical path of the project progress on the basis of the general double-layer blockchain, when expanding the blockchain, hash matching will be performed first under the condition of satisfying the order of the activities before and after the CPM. Since CPM allows parallel activities, such as the contractor settling the project payment with the supplier and the labor subcontractor at the same time, a multi-link tree structure will be formed.
  • the present invention identifies each link on the tree structure as a separate blockchain, allowing the hash value search space to be reset on different branches on the CPM chain. If there is only one chain like the traditional blockchain, the generation of hash codes will become slower and slower, because its search space will continue to shrink due to the restrictions of the blocks that have been formed on the chain.
  • This improvement makes blockchain technology suitable for construction engineering scenarios, because the activities that occur in parallel are advanced in a single direction in time and will not tamper with each other.
  • this pre-processing and filtering method can speed up the efficiency of blockchain chaining, and to a certain extent solve the problem of low speed of blockchain establishment and access as a database.
  • the present invention establishes a main blockchain (main-chain) based on the current project.
  • the main blockchain is used by the project owner, who has global authority in the blockchain structure and can access the engineering activity data of the guarantee company and other insured units; then other units copy and distribute a sub-blockchain (side-chain).
  • Other units upload the specific information of their respective engineering activities to the sub-blockchain for storage, ensuring that the information cannot be tampered with and can be traced at any time.
  • the main blockchain manager project owner
  • the smart contract is deployed on the main blockchain.
  • the smart contract will periodically monitor the project information recorded in the main blockchain and compare it with its internal contract rules and conditions. If the conditions are met, the corresponding contract terms will be automatically triggered, and no participant can tamper with it.
  • the smart contract integrates the electronic guarantee execution rules, such as the liability determination rules. For example, if an accident occurs to a participant, the corresponding participant activity data is retrieved to determine the liability fault and determine whether the insurance requirements are met. If so, the compensation process will be carried out.
  • an electronic guarantee management device based on a double-layer blockchain as shown in FIG2 , comprising:
  • the encoding unit 201 is used to use the double-layer blockchain to hash the key information of each engineering activity while satisfying the dependency relationship between the preceding and following activities specified in the critical path chain CPM of the engineering progress;
  • the expansion unit 202 is used for expanding the double-layer blockchain by using the hash codes between the two blocks therein and their corresponding matching degrees.
  • the electronic letter of guarantee management device based on the double-layer blockchain in the embodiment of the present invention first uses the double-layer blockchain to hash the key information of each engineering activity while satisfying the dependency relationship between the preceding and succeeding activities specified in the critical path chain CPM of the engineering progress.
  • the double-layer blockchain then uses the hash codes between the two blocks therein and their corresponding matching degrees to expand the double-layer blockchain, thereby maximizing the efficiency of information interaction and the authenticity of information while ensuring the privacy of information, and solving the problem of low speed of establishing and accessing the blockchain as a database to a certain extent.
  • the electronic guarantee for construction projects involves relevant units. Insured persons, such as project owners, contractors and their related units, namely suppliers, subcontractors, labor subcontractors, etc., are involved in a number of project activities during the process of reaching a guarantee agreement with the guarantee company and executing the guarantee agreement, such as formalities handling, subcontract bidding, project procurement, segmented quality acceptance, accident handling, project payment settlement, etc.
  • the timely execution of these activities in accordance with the terms affects the validity of the current guarantee and the future value of the guarantee of the relevant units.
  • the guarantee company hopes that the above information can be transparent, traceable and tamper-proof; on the other hand, because the insured pursues privacy protection and decentralized information interaction characteristics, they are unwilling to disclose private information to other participants, especially downstream partners, such as contract amount, settlement amount, number of workers and salary level.
  • the present invention utilizes a double-layer blockchain to simultaneously meet the demands of the guarantor and the insured as much as possible.
  • Coding unit 201 The double-layer blockchain performs hash coding on the key information of each engineering activity, such as the two parties involved in the activity, the content of the activity, the transaction amount, the quality level, etc.
  • Extension unit 202 The blockchain is expanded in combination with the dependency relationship between the preceding and following activities specified in the established critical path chain (CPM) of the engineering progress and the hash coding matching degree between the two blocks.
  • CCM critical path chain
  • the hash coding and its matching are unique and irreversible, that is, the original information encoded cannot be calculated back through the hash coding. Therefore, the double-layer blockchain can maximize the efficiency of information interaction and the authenticity of information while ensuring the privacy of information.
  • the present invention further combines the CPM chain of the critical path of the project progress on the basis of the general double-layer blockchain, when expanding the blockchain, hash matching will be performed first under the condition of satisfying the order of the activities before and after the CPM. Since CPM allows parallel activities, such as the contractor settling the project payment with the supplier and the labor subcontractor at the same time, a multi-link tree structure will be formed.
  • the present invention identifies each link on the tree structure as a separate blockchain, allowing the hash value search space to be reset on different branches on the CPM chain. If there is only one chain like the traditional blockchain, the generation of hash codes will become slower and slower, because its search space will continue to shrink due to the restrictions of the blocks that have been formed on the chain.
  • This improvement makes blockchain technology suitable for construction engineering scenarios, because the activities that occur in parallel are advanced in a single direction in time and will not tamper with each other.
  • this pre-processing and filtering method can speed up the efficiency of blockchain chaining, and to a certain extent solve the problem of low speed of blockchain establishment and access as a database.
  • the present invention establishes a main blockchain (main-chain) based on the current project.
  • the main blockchain is used by the project owner, who has global authority in the blockchain structure and can access the engineering activity data of the guarantee company and other insured units; then other units copy and distribute a sub-blockchain (side-chain).
  • Other units upload the specific information of their respective engineering activities to the sub-blockchain for storage, ensuring that the information cannot be tampered with and can be traced at any time.
  • the main blockchain manager project owner
  • the smart contract is deployed on the main blockchain.
  • the smart contract will periodically monitor the project information recorded in the main blockchain and compare it with its internal contract rules and conditions. If the conditions are met, the corresponding contract terms will be automatically triggered, and no participant can tamper with it.
  • the smart contract integrates the electronic guarantee execution rules, such as the liability determination rules. For example, if an accident occurs to a participant, the corresponding participant activity data is retrieved to determine the liability fault and determine whether the insurance requirements are met. If so, the compensation process will be carried out.
  • a storage medium storing a program file capable of implementing any one of the above-mentioned electronic guarantee management methods based on a double-layer blockchain.
  • a processor is used to run a program, wherein when the program is run, any one of the above-mentioned electronic letter of guarantee management methods based on a double-layer blockchain is executed.
  • the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways.
  • the system embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of units can be a logical function division.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules, which can be electrical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed over multiple units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.
  • the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present invention in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of each embodiment of the present invention.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

本发明涉及电子保函领域，具体涉及一种基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法及装置。该方法及装置首先在满足工程进度关键路径链条CPM中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系的情况下，使用双层区块链对每项工程活动的关键信息进行哈希编码，双层区块链再使用其内的两个区块之间的哈希编码及其对应的匹配度拓展双层区块链，保证信息隐私性的前提下最大化信息交互效率与信息真实可信度，一定程度解决区块链作为数据库建立和访问速度较低的问题。

Description

基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电子保函领域，具体而言，涉及一种基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法及装置。
 背景技术
担保函是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或个人应申请人的请求，向第三方开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。电子担保函是信息时代的产物，同纸质保函一样，由银行、保险公司、担保公司或其他担保人应投保人的请求，向受益人开立的一种电子化担保凭证，保证在申请人未能按双方协议履行其责任或义务时，由担保人代其履行一定金额、一定时限范围内的某种支付或经济赔偿责任，电子担保函一般是由保证人以使用CA证书进行电子签名的数据电文为介质，通过计算机网络向受益人开立的具有法律效力的担保凭证。
然而现有上线的电子保函系统在审核电子保函申请材料过程中大多都是人工审核方式，一方面容易出现审核遗漏和审核失误，导致审核准确度不高，另一方面容易出现信息泄露，使相关方的利益受到威胁。
 技术问题
本发明实施例提供了一种基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法及装置，以至少解决现有电子保函业务过程中出现信息泄露的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
根据本发明的一实施例，提供了一种基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，包括以下步骤：
S101:在满足工程进度关键路径链条CPM中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系的情况下，使用双层区块链对每项工程活动的关键信息进行哈希编码；
S102:双层区块链使用其内的两个区块之间的哈希编码及其对应的匹配度拓展双层区块链。
进一步地，步骤S101具体包括：
基于当前项目建立一条主区块链，主区块链管理者具有区块链结构全局权限，可以访问担保公司及其他投保单位工程活动数据；
担保公司及其他投保单位复制分发一条分区块链，并将其各自参与工程活动的具体信息上传至分区块链。
进一步地，担保公司及其他投保单位将其各自参与工程活动的具体信息上传至分区块链时，上传数据经过哈希加密和解密过程，除主区块链管理者之外其他参与方无法获取分区块链拥有者上传的具体信息。
进一步地，主区块链管理者为项目业主。
进一步地，将智能合约部署在主区块链上，智能合约周期性监控主区块链记录的项目信息，并且与其内部合约规则条件进行对比，如果符合条件便会自动触发对应的合约条款，任何参与方无法篡改。
进一步地，智能合约融合电子保函执行规则，包含责任判定规则，若某参与方出现事故，调取保存的相应参与方活动数据，判定责任过错，并确定是否满足出险要求，如果满足则进行赔付流程。
进一步地，工程进度关键路径链条CPM允许并行活动，形成多链路树状结构。
进一步地，多链路树状结构上的每条链路被认定为单独的区块链，工程进度关键路径链条CPM允许在链条上的不同分支上重置哈希值搜素空间。
进一步地，哈希编码及其对应的匹配度具有唯一性和不可逆性，无法通过哈希编码反算出被编码的原始信息。
根据本发明的另一实施例，提供了一种基于双层区块链的电子保函管理装置，包括：
编码单元，用于在满足工程进度关键路径链条CPM中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系的情况下，使用双层区块链对每项工程活动的关键信息进行哈希编码；
拓展单元，用于双层区块链使用其内的两个区块之间的哈希编码及其对应的匹配度拓展双层区块链。
一种存储介质，存储介质存储有能够实现上述任意一项基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法的程序文件。
一种处理器，处理器用于运行程序，其中，程序运行时执行上述任意一项的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法。
 有益效果
本发明实施例中的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法及装置，首先在满足工程进度关键路径链条CPM中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系的情况下，使用双层区块链对每项工程活动的关键信息进行哈希编码，双层区块链再使用其内的两个区块之间的哈希编码及其对应的匹配度拓展双层区块链，保证信息隐私性的前提下最大化信息交互效率与信息真实可信度，一定程度解决区块链作为数据库建立和访问速度较低的问题。
 附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法的流程图；
图2为本发明基于双层区块链的电子保函管理装置的模块图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
实施例1
根据本发明一实施例，提供了一种基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，参见图1，包括以下步骤：
S101:在满足工程进度关键路径链条CPM中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系的情况下，使用双层区块链对每项工程活动的关键信息进行哈希编码；
S102:双层区块链使用其内的两个区块之间的哈希编码及其对应的匹配度拓展双层区块链。
本发明实施例中的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，首先在满足工程进度关键路径链条CPM中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系的情况下，使用双层区块链对每项工程活动的关键信息进行哈希编码，双层区块链再使用其内的两个区块之间的哈希编码及其对应的匹配度拓展双层区块链，保证信息隐私性的前提下最大化信息交互效率与信息真实可信度，一定程度解决区块链作为数据库建立和访问速度较低的问题。
其中，步骤S101具体包括：
基于当前项目建立一条主区块链，主区块链管理者具有区块链结构全局权限，可以访问担保公司及其他投保单位工程活动数据；
担保公司及其他投保单位复制分发一条分区块链，并将其各自参与工程活动的具体信息上传至分区块链。
其中，担保公司及其他投保单位将其各自参与工程活动的具体信息上传至分区块链时，上传数据经过哈希加密和解密过程，除主区块链管理者之外其他参与方无法获取分区块链拥有者上传的具体信息。
其中，主区块链管理者为项目业主。
其中，将智能合约部署在主区块链上，智能合约周期性监控主区块链记录的项目信息，并且与其内部合约规则条件进行对比，如果符合条件便会自动触发对应的合约条款，任何参与方无法篡改。
其中，智能合约融合电子保函执行规则，包含责任判定规则，若某参与方出现事故，调取保存的相应参与方活动数据，判定责任过错，并确定是否满足出险要求，如果满足则进行赔付流程。
其中，工程进度关键路径链条CPM允许并行活动，形成多链路树状结构。
其中，多链路树状结构上的每条链路被认定为单独的区块链，工程进度关键路径链条CPM允许在链条上的不同分支上重置哈希值搜素空间。
其中，哈希编码及其对应的匹配度具有唯一性和不可逆性，无法通过哈希编码反算出被编码的原始信息。
下面以具体实施例，对本发明的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法进行详细说明：
建设工程电子保函涉及相关单位，投保人如项目业主、承包商及其关联单位，即供应商、分包商、劳务分包等在与担保公司达成担保协议以及担保协议执行过程中，涉及多项工程项目活动，如手续办理、分包招投标、项目采购、分段质量验收、事故处置、工程款结算等。这些活动按时按条款执行影响当前保函的有效性以及未来相关单位的保函价值，担保公司希望以上信息可以透明、可追溯、不可篡改；另一方面，由于投保人追求隐私保护和去中心化的信息交互特性，不愿意向其他参与方尤其是下游合作方透露隐私信息，如合同额、结算款、工人人数和薪酬水平等。
本发明利用双层区块链尽可能同时满足担保人和投保人诉求。双层区块链通过对每项工程活动的关键信息，如活动双方、活动内容、成交金额、质量等级等进行哈希编码，结合既定工程进度关键路径链条（CPM）中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系以及两个区块之间哈希编码匹配度拓展区块链。哈希编码及其匹配具有唯一性和不可逆性，即无法通过哈希编码反算出被编码的原始信息。因此，双层区块链可以在保证信息隐私性的前提下最大化信息交互效率与信息真实可信度。
由于本发明在通用双层区块链基础上进一步结合工程进度关键路径CPM链条，在拓展区块链时会首先在满足CPM紧前进后活动顺序的条件下再进行哈希匹配。CPM由于允许并行活动，比如承包商同时和供应商与劳务分包商结算工程款，因此会形成多链路树状结构。本发明将树状结构上的每条链路认定为单独的区块链，允许在CPM链条上的不同分支上重置哈希值搜素空间，如果像传统区块链只有一条链条的话，哈希编码的生成会越来越慢，因为其搜素空间由于收到已形成上链的区块的限制会不断缩减。这一改进使区块链技术符合建设工程场景，因为并行发生的活动是按时间单方向向前推进的，不会相互篡改，同时，这一预处理过滤方法可以加快区块链上链效率，一定程度解决区块链作为数据库建立和访问速度较低的问题。
本发明基于当前项目建立一条主区块链（main-chain），主区块链由项目业主使用，项目业主具有区块链结构全局权限，可以访问担保公司及其他投保单位工程活动数据；然后其他单位复制分发一条分区块链（side-chain）。其他单位将各自参与工程活动的具体信息上传分区块链保存，确保信息不可篡改与可随时追溯，但由于在信息传输到主区块链的过程中，会经过哈希加密和解密过程，因此除主区块链管理者（项目业主）之外其他参与方无法获取分区块链拥有者上传的信息，确保了信息的隐私性。
最后，将智能合约（Smartcontract）部署在主区块链上，智能合约会周期性监控主区块链记录的项目信息，并且与其内部合约规则条件对比，如果符合条件便会自动触发对应的合约条款，任何参与方无法篡改。该智能合约融合电子保函执行规则，如责任判定规则，例如某参与方出现事故，调取保存的相应参与方活动数据，判定责任过错，并确定是否满足出险要求，如果满足则进行赔付流程。
实施例2
根据本发明的另一实施例，提供了一种基于双层区块链的电子保函管理装置，参见图2，包括：
编码单元201，用于在满足工程进度关键路径链条CPM中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系的情况下，使用双层区块链对每项工程活动的关键信息进行哈希编码；
拓展单元202，用于双层区块链使用其内的两个区块之间的哈希编码及其对应的匹配度拓展双层区块链。
本发明实施例中的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理装置，首先在满足工程进度关键路径链条CPM中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系的情况下，使用双层区块链对每项工程活动的关键信息进行哈希编码，双层区块链再使用其内的两个区块之间的哈希编码及其对应的匹配度拓展双层区块链，保证信息隐私性的前提下最大化信息交互效率与信息真实可信度，一定程度解决区块链作为数据库建立和访问速度较低的问题。
下面以具体实施例，对本发明的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理装置进行详细说明：
建设工程电子保函涉及相关单位，投保人如项目业主、承包商及其关联单位，即供应商、分包商、劳务分包等在与担保公司达成担保协议以及担保协议执行过程中，涉及多项工程项目活动，如手续办理、分包招投标、项目采购、分段质量验收、事故处置、工程款结算等。这些活动按时按条款执行影响当前保函的有效性以及未来相关单位的保函价值，担保公司希望以上信息可以透明、可追溯、不可篡改；另一方面，由于投保人追求隐私保护和去中心化的信息交互特性，不愿意向其他参与方尤其是下游合作方透露隐私信息，如合同额、结算款、工人人数和薪酬水平等。
本发明利用双层区块链尽可能同时满足担保人和投保人诉求。编码单元201：双层区块链通过对每项工程活动的关键信息，如活动双方、活动内容、成交金额、质量等级等进行哈希编码。拓展单元202：结合既定工程进度关键路径链条（CPM）中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系以及两个区块之间哈希编码匹配度拓展区块链。哈希编码及其匹配具有唯一性和不可逆性，即无法通过哈希编码反算出被编码的原始信息。因此，双层区块链可以在保证信息隐私性的前提下最大化信息交互效率与信息真实可信度。
由于本发明在通用双层区块链基础上进一步结合工程进度关键路径CPM链条，在拓展区块链时会首先在满足CPM紧前进后活动顺序的条件下再进行哈希匹配。CPM由于允许并行活动，比如承包商同时和供应商与劳务分包商结算工程款，因此会形成多链路树状结构。本发明将树状结构上的每条链路认定为单独的区块链，允许在CPM链条上的不同分支上重置哈希值搜素空间，如果像传统区块链只有一条链条的话，哈希编码的生成会越来越慢，因为其搜素空间由于收到已形成上链的区块的限制会不断缩减。这一改进使区块链技术符合建设工程场景，因为并行发生的活动是按时间单方向向前推进的，不会相互篡改，同时，这一预处理过滤方法可以加快区块链上链效率，一定程度解决区块链作为数据库建立和访问速度较低的问题。
本发明基于当前项目建立一条主区块链（main-chain），主区块链由项目业主使用，项目业主具有区块链结构全局权限，可以访问担保公司及其他投保单位工程活动数据；然后其他单位复制分发一条分区块链（side-chain）。其他单位将各自参与工程活动的具体信息上传分区块链保存，确保信息不可篡改与可随时追溯，但由于在信息传输到主区块链的过程中，会经过哈希加密和解密过程，因此除主区块链管理者（项目业主）之外其他参与方无法获取分区块链拥有者上传的信息，确保了信息的隐私性。
最后，将智能合约（Smartcontract）部署在主区块链上，智能合约会周期性监控主区块链记录的项目信息，并且与其内部合约规则条件对比，如果符合条件便会自动触发对应的合约条款，任何参与方无法篡改。该智能合约融合电子保函执行规则，如责任判定规则，例如某参与方出现事故，调取保存的相应参与方活动数据，判定责任过错，并确定是否满足出险要求，如果满足则进行赔付流程。
实施例3
一种存储介质，存储介质存储有能够实现上述任意一项基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法的程序文件。
实施例4
一种处理器，处理器用于运行程序，其中，程序运行时执行上述任意一项的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法。
上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。
在本发明的上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的技术内容，可通过其它的方式实现。其中，以上所描述的系统实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如单元的划分，可以为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，单元或模块的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性或其它的形式。
作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可为个人计算机、服务器或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、移动硬盘、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S101:在满足工程进度关键路径链条CPM中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系的情况下，使用双层区块链对每项工程活动的关键信息进行哈希编码；
    S102:双层区块链使用其内的两个区块之间的哈希编码及其对应的匹配度拓展双层区块链。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，其特征在于，步骤S101具体包括：
    基于当前项目建立一条主区块链，主区块链管理者具有区块链结构全局权限，可以访问担保公司及其他投保单位工程活动数据；
    担保公司及其他投保单位复制分发一条分区块链，并将其各自参与工程活动的具体信息上传至分区块链。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，其特征在于，担保公司及其他投保单位将其各自参与工程活动的具体信息上传至分区块链时，上传数据经过哈希加密和解密过程，除主区块链管理者之外其他参与方无法获取分区块链拥有者上传的具体信息。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，其特征在于，主区块链管理者为项目业主。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，其特征在于，将智能合约部署在主区块链上，智能合约周期性监控主区块链记录的项目信息，并且与其内部合约规则条件进行对比，如果符合条件便会自动触发对应的合约条款，任何参与方无法篡改。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，其特征在于，智能合约融合电子保函执行规则，包含责任判定规则，若某参与方出现事故，调取保存的相应参与方活动数据，判定责任过错，并确定是否满足出险要求，如果满足则进行赔付流程。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，其特征在于，工程进度关键路径链条CPM允许并行活动，形成多链路树状结构。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，其特征在于，多链路树状结构上的每条链路被认定为单独的区块链，工程进度关键路径链条CPM允许在链条上的不同分支上重置哈希值搜素空间。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法，其特征在于，哈希编码及其对应的匹配度具有唯一性和不可逆性，无法通过哈希编码反算出被编码的原始信息。
  10. 一种基于双层区块链的电子保函管理装置，其特征在于，包括：
    编码单元，用于在满足工程进度关键路径链条CPM中规定的紧前进后活动依赖关系的情况下，使用双层区块链对每项工程活动的关键信息进行哈希编码；
    拓展单元，用于双层区块链使用其内的两个区块之间的哈希编码及其对应的匹配度拓展双层区块链。
PCT/CN2022/137060 2022-09-27 2022-12-06 基于双层区块链的电子保函管理方法及装置 WO2024066043A1 (zh)

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