WO2024061389A1 - Device for separating acidic gas constituents from flue gases - Google Patents

Device for separating acidic gas constituents from flue gases Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024061389A1
WO2024061389A1 PCT/CZ2022/000037 CZ2022000037W WO2024061389A1 WO 2024061389 A1 WO2024061389 A1 WO 2024061389A1 CZ 2022000037 W CZ2022000037 W CZ 2022000037W WO 2024061389 A1 WO2024061389 A1 WO 2024061389A1
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Prior art keywords
drum
mill
screw conveyor
sodium carbonate
outlet
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PCT/CZ2022/000037
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bohumír Čech
Zbyszek Szeliga
Pavel DVOŘÁK
Original Assignee
Vysoká Škola Báňská - Technická Univerzita Ostrava
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Priority to PCT/CZ2022/000037 priority Critical patent/WO2024061389A1/en
Publication of WO2024061389A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024061389A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
    • B01D53/83—Solid phase processes with moving reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/043—Carbonates or bicarbonates, e.g. limestone, dolomite, aragonite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3021—Milling, crushing or grinding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/606—Carbonates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device which is intended for separating acidic, in particular sulfur-containing, gas components from flue gases which are discharged from boilers burning fossil fuels, waste and their mixtures.
  • Chemical processes are used to separate acidic components from flue gases.
  • the most common methods include: lime washing, spray absorption, dry sorption in a fluidized bed, caustic washing and dosing of sodium hydrocarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) into the flue gas stream. All of these processes, whose efficiency is reasonably high, are used, although the performance of the desulfurization system is decisive for their choice.
  • Desulfurization with sodium hydrocarbonate NaHCO 3 .2H 2 O which is dosed in finely ground form, is a well-known method.
  • the sodium hydrocarbonate is non-hygroscopic and can be stored and transported pneumatically. Its desulfurization efficiency is high.
  • the sodium hydrocarbonate reacts with all acidic gas components; it is particularly reactive with HCl and SO 2 to form NaCl or NaSO 3 .
  • CS 265828 describes a process for preparing sodium carbonate in a modification of at least monohydrate by dewatering the sodium carbonate decahydrate Na 2 CO 3 .10H 2 O (crystal soda). Dewatering takes place at a temperature of 32 °C either in vacuum or in a stream of inert gases. Laboratory tests proved that the final product is a highly effective desulfurization agent.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a device which enables the use of sodium carbonate decahydrate for the separation of acidic gas components from flue gases, in particular for their desulfurization, during the ongoing operation of large energy systems. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a device with the features of claim 1.
  • the device for separating acidic gas components from flue gases is formed by a heated, axisless screw conveyor, which has an inlet for sodium carbonate decahydrate at the beginning and flows into a drum of a heated ball mill, which has an integrated deflection separator in front of its exit, which is provided with a fan The exit from the mill flows directly into a flue gas tract of an energy technology system.
  • the screw conveyor is formed by a tube in which a rotating spiral-shaped profile rod is mounted, which hugs the inner wall of the tube for conveying and wiping off the sodium carbonate.
  • the deflection separator which rotates together with the mill drum, is formed by a hollow cone, the tip of which is directed towards the screw conveyor, with a blunt cone attached to a hollow drum shaft being attached behind the hollow cone at a distance from the passage of the ground sodium carbonate, and with between the circumference of the Both cones and the inner wall of the mill drum are left with a free annular surface for the passage of grinding media.
  • the screw conveyor and the mill drum are surrounded by outer jackets that define spaces for a heating medium - flue gases or hot air - with each space having its inlet and outlet for the heating medium, with the two outlets of the heating medium opening into a flue gas tract via a flue gas fan and the space surrounding the screw conveyor also flows into the mill drum
  • the exit of the heating medium from the space surrounding the screw conveyor is provided with a control flap to control the flow through the mill drum.
  • Sodium carbonate as an additive for flue gas desulfurization represents a much cheaper alternative compared to sodium hydrocarbonate NaHCO 3 .
  • sodium carbonate decahydrate is a highly available raw material. Since it is highly hygroscopic and sticky at temperatures above 30 °C, it must first be processed by dewatering and grinding if it is to be used as a desulfurization agent. The removal of chemically bound water should be carried out at temperatures in the interior of the system that exceed 100 °C. To achieve such a temperature, the screw conveyor and the drum are surrounded by a heating medium whose inlet temperature is 200 °C to 300 °C.
  • the deflection separator in front of the exit from the mill separates the coarse fraction and lets it fall back into the space of the mill drum.
  • the fine grain i.e. the dewatered and ground sodium carbonate in monohydrate or anhydrite modification, is passed without delay and without storage into a flue gas tract for desulphurization in order to prevent the material from re-wetting.
  • the sodium carbonate prepared in this way has the same ability to react with acidic gas components in flue gases as the common sodium hydrocarbonate.
  • Fig. 1 schematic representation in vertical longitudinal section of a device for separating acidic gas components from flue gases
  • Fig. 2 detail D according to Fig. 1.
  • the device for separating acidic gas components from flue gases is formed by a heated, axisless screw conveyor 1, which initially has an inlet 2 for sodium carbonate decahydrate and opens into a drum 3 of a heated ball mill 4.
  • the screw conveyor 1, which is provided with a drive 5, is formed by a solid wall tube 6, in which a rotating spiral Profile rod 7 is stored. This nestles against the inner wall of the tube 6, moves the sodium carbonate and strips it from the wall of the tube 6.
  • the mill drum 3 is provided with a drive 8 and is mounted with its hollow drum shafts 9, 10 in plain bearings 11.
  • the mill drum 3 is provided on the inside with separating rings 12 to limit the axial movement of the grinding media (steel or corundum ball) and in the area of the deflection separator 13 with blades 14 which carry the grinding media up for intensive cleaning of the walls.
  • the deflection separator 13 which rotates together with the mill drum 3, is formed by a hollow cone 15, the tip of which is directed towards the screw conveyor 2, and by a coaxial, blunt cone 16 attached to a hollow drum shaft 10, which is at a distance behind the cone 15 is attached.
  • the gap between the two cones 15, 16 is intended for the passage of the sodium carbonate ground into fine grains.
  • a free annular surface is left between the circumference of the cones 15, 16 and the inner wall of the drum 3 for the passage of grinding media.
  • the dewatered and finely ground sodium carbonate is transported from the mill 4 by means of a blower 17 directly into a flue gas tract of an energy plant, where the sodium carbonate reacts with acidic gas components.
  • the reaction of sulfur dioxide with sodium carbonate creates sodium sulfite, which is collected in a fly ash separator.
  • the screw conveyor 1 and the mill drum 3 are heated from the outside using a heating medium - flue gases or hot air.
  • the screw conveyor 1 and the mill drum 3 are surrounded by outer jackets 18 which define spaces for the heating medium.
  • Each room has its inlet 19 and outlet 20 for the heating medium.
  • the two outlets 20 of the heating medium open into the flue gas tract via a flue gas blower 21.
  • the space surrounding the screw conveyor 1 also opens into the mill drum 3.
  • the outlet 20 of the heating medium from the space surrounding the screw conveyor 1 is with a Control flap 22 is provided, which is used to control the flow through the mill drum 3.
  • the rotating hollow drum shafts 9, 10 are separated from immovable parts of the device and from the immovable outer jacket 18 by means of labyrinth seals 23.
  • the sodium carbonate decahydrate metered at the inlet 2 of the screw conveyor 1 in the flour state with a particle size of up to 200 pm falls to the bottom of the screw conveyor 1 and is conveyed towards the mill drum 3 by means of the spiral-shaped profile rod 7, the deposit of the sodium carbonate being stripped off the wall of the screw conveyor 1 .
  • the sodium carbonate decahydrate is dewatered on the way to trihydrate or monohydrate modification and goes through the hollow drum shaft 9 into the interior of the mill drum 3.
  • the screw conveyor 1 is fed by flue gases sucked in from an energy technology system at a temperature of 200 °C to 300 °C heated from the outside.
  • the control flap 22 at the outlet 20 of the flue gases from the screw conveyor 1 can therefore regulate the amount of the heating medium-steam mixture that is passed through the mill drum 3, and thus determine the residence time of the sodium carbonate in the mill drum 3.
  • the mill drum 3 is heated by the heating medium, which is derived from the outer jacket 18 of the mill 4 by means of a flue gas fan 21.
  • the fine grain of the ground dried sodium carbonate is separated from the coarse fraction in the deflection separator 13.
  • the direction of movement of the fine grain changes by 180° and it goes through the gap between the cones 15, 16 and then through the hollow drum shaft 10 out of the mill drum 3, while the coarse fraction falls back to the bottom of the mill drum 3 for further processing.
  • the walls of the mill drum 3 and the deflection separator 13 are continuously cleaned by the moving grinding media.
  • the fine grain of sodium carbonate is transported by fan 17 directly into the flue gas tract of a boiler, where it reacts with acidic gas components.

Abstract

A device for separating acidic gas constituents from flue gases is formed by a heated shaftless screw conveyor (1), which has at the beginning an inlet (2) for sodium-carbonate decahydrate and opens out into a drum (3) of a heated ball mill (4), which has in front of its outlet an integrated deflecting separator (13), wherein the outlet of the mill (4), provided with a fan (17), opens out directly into a flue-gas tract of a power plant.

Description

Einrichtung zum Abscheiden von sauren Gasbestandteilen aus Rauchgasen Device for separating acidic gas components from flue gases
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung, die zum Abscheiden saurer, insbesondere schwefelhaltiger Gasbestandteile aus Rauchgasen bestimmt ist, die aus fossile Brennstoffe, Abfälle und ihre Gemische verbrennenden Kesseln abgelassen werden. The invention relates to a device which is intended for separating acidic, in particular sulfur-containing, gas components from flue gases which are discharged from boilers burning fossil fuels, waste and their mixtures.
Zum Abscheiden saurer Bestandteile aus Rauchgasen werden chemische Verfahren verwendet. Zu den verbreitetsten Methoden gehören: Kalkwäsche, Sprühabsorption, Trockensorption in einer Wirbelschicht Laugenwäsche und Dosierung von Natriumhydrocarbonat (NaHCO3) in den Rauchgasstrom. Alle diese Verfahren, deren Wirkungsgrad angemessen hoch ist, finden Anwendung, wobei für deren Wahl die Leistung der Entschwefelungsanlage entscheidend ist. Chemical processes are used to separate acidic components from flue gases. The most common methods include: lime washing, spray absorption, dry sorption in a fluidized bed, caustic washing and dosing of sodium hydrocarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) into the flue gas stream. All of these processes, whose efficiency is reasonably high, are used, although the performance of the desulfurization system is decisive for their choice.
Entschwefelung mit Natriumhydrocarbonat NaHCO3.2H2O, das feingemahlen dossiert wird, ist eine wohlbekannte Methode. Das Natriumhydrocarbonat ist nicht hygroskopisch und kann gelagert und pneumatisch transportiert werden. Sein Entschwefelungswirkungsgrad ist hoch. Das Natriumhydrocarbonat reagiert mit allen sauren Gasbestandteilen, reaktionsfähig ist es besonders mit HCl und SO2 bei Bildung von NaCI bzw. NaSO3. in der CS 265828 wird ein Verfahren zur Vorbereitung von Natriumcarbonat in einer Modifikation von mindestens Monohydrat durch Entwässerung des Natriumcarbonat- Decahydrats Na2CO3.10H2O (Kristallsoda) beschrieben. Die Entwässerung verläuft bei einer Temperatur von 32 °C entweder in Vakuum oder in einem Strom inerter Gase. Laborteste bewiesen, dass das Endprodukt ein hochwirksames Entschwefelungsmittel darstellt. Desulfurization with sodium hydrocarbonate NaHCO 3 .2H 2 O, which is dosed in finely ground form, is a well-known method. The sodium hydrocarbonate is non-hygroscopic and can be stored and transported pneumatically. Its desulfurization efficiency is high. The sodium hydrocarbonate reacts with all acidic gas components; it is particularly reactive with HCl and SO 2 to form NaCl or NaSO 3 . CS 265828 describes a process for preparing sodium carbonate in a modification of at least monohydrate by dewatering the sodium carbonate decahydrate Na 2 CO 3 .10H 2 O (crystal soda). Dewatering takes place at a temperature of 32 °C either in vacuum or in a stream of inert gases. Laboratory tests proved that the final product is a highly effective desulfurization agent.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Einrichtung zu entwickeln, die Einsatz von Natriumcarbonat-Decahydrat zum Abscheiden von sauren Gasbestandteilen aus Rauchgasen, insbesondere zu deren Entschwefelung, beim laufenden Betrieb großer energietechnischen Anlagen ermöglicht. Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Einrichtung mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a device which enables the use of sodium carbonate decahydrate for the separation of acidic gas components from flue gases, in particular for their desulfurization, during the ongoing operation of large energy systems. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a device with the features of claim 1.
Die Einrichtung zum Abscheiden saurer Gasbestandteile aus Rauchgasen ist durch eine erwärmte achsenlose Förderschnecke gebildet, die am Anfang einen Eintritt für Natriumcarbonat-Decahydrat hat und in eine Trommel einer erwärmten Kugelmühle mündet, die vor ihrem Austritt einen integrierten Umlenkabscheider hat, wobei der mit einem Gebläse versehene Austritt der Mühle direkt in einen Rauchgastrakt einer energietechnischen Anlage mündet. The device for separating acidic gas components from flue gases is formed by a heated, axisless screw conveyor, which has an inlet for sodium carbonate decahydrate at the beginning and flows into a drum of a heated ball mill, which has an integrated deflection separator in front of its exit, which is provided with a fan The exit from the mill flows directly into a flue gas tract of an energy technology system.
Die Förderschnecke ist durch ein Rohr gebildet, in dem eine sich drehende spiralförmige Profilstange gelagert ist, die an die innere Wand des Rohres zur Förderung und zum Abwischen des Natriumcarbonats anschmiegt. The screw conveyor is formed by a tube in which a rotating spiral-shaped profile rod is mounted, which hugs the inner wall of the tube for conveying and wiping off the sodium carbonate.
Der sich gemeinsam mit der Mühlentrommel drehende Umlenkabscheider ist durch einen Hohlkegel gebildet, dessen Spitze gegen die Förderschnecke gerichtet ist, wobei hinter dem Hohlkegel ein an einer Hohltrommelwelle angesetzter stumpfer Kegel mit einem Abstand zum Durchgang des gemahlenen Natriumcarbonats angebracht Ist, und wobei zwischen dem Umfang der beiden Kegel und der inneren Wand der Mühlentrommel eine freie Kreisringfläche zum Durchgang von Mahlkörpern gelassen ist. The deflection separator, which rotates together with the mill drum, is formed by a hollow cone, the tip of which is directed towards the screw conveyor, with a blunt cone attached to a hollow drum shaft being attached behind the hollow cone at a distance from the passage of the ground sodium carbonate, and with between the circumference of the Both cones and the inner wall of the mill drum are left with a free annular surface for the passage of grinding media.
Die Förderschnecke, sowie die Mühlentrommel sind von äußeren Mänteln umgeben, die Räume für ein Heizmedium - Rauchgase oder Heißluft -- abgrenzen, wobei jeder Raum seinen Eintritt und Austritt für das Heizmedium hat, wobei die beiden Austritte des Heizmediums über ein Rauchgasgebläse in einen Rauchgastrakt münden und wobei der die Förderschnecke umgebende Raum zudem in die Mühlentrommel mündet The screw conveyor and the mill drum are surrounded by outer jackets that define spaces for a heating medium - flue gases or hot air - with each space having its inlet and outlet for the heating medium, with the two outlets of the heating medium opening into a flue gas tract via a flue gas fan and the space surrounding the screw conveyor also flows into the mill drum
Der Austritt des Heizmediums aus dem die Förderschnecke umgebenden Raum ist mit einer Regelklappe zur Steuerung des Durchflusses durch die Mühlentrommel versehen. Das Natriumcarbonat als Additivum für Rauchgasentschwefelung stellt im Vergleich zu dem Natriumhydrocarbonat NaHCO3elne wesentlich billigere Alternative dar. Darüber hinaus ist das Natriumcarbonat-Decahydrat ein hochverfügbares Rohmaterial. Im Hinblick darauf dass es stark hygroskopisch und bei Temperaturen über 30 °C klebrig ist, muss es zunächst durch Entwässerung und Mahlen aufbereitet werden, sollte es als Entschwefelungsmittel angewendet werden. Die Entziehung des chemisch gebundenen Wassers soll bei Temperaturen der inneren Räume der Anlage durchgeführt werden, die 100 °C überschreiten. Zur Erzielung solcher Temperatur sind die Förderschnecke und die Trommel mit einem Heizmedium umgegeben, dessen Eintrittstemperatur 200 °C bis 300 °C beträgt. Der Umlenkabscheider vor dem Austritt aus der Mühle trennt die grobe Fraktion und lässt sie zurück in den Raum der Mühlentrommel fallen. Das Feinkorn, das heißt das entwässerte und gemahlene Natriumcarbonat in Monohydrat- oder Anhydrit- Modifikation, wird ohne Verzug, ohne Lagerung in einen Rauchgastrakt zur Entschwefelung geleitet, um Rückdurchfeuchtung des Materials zu verhindern. Das auf diese Weise zubereitete Natriumcarbonat besitzt dieselbe Fähigkeit, mit sauren Gasbestandteilen in Rauchgasen zu reagieren, wie das gängige Natriumhydrocarbonat. The exit of the heating medium from the space surrounding the screw conveyor is provided with a control flap to control the flow through the mill drum. Sodium carbonate as an additive for flue gas desulfurization represents a much cheaper alternative compared to sodium hydrocarbonate NaHCO 3 . In addition, sodium carbonate decahydrate is a highly available raw material. Since it is highly hygroscopic and sticky at temperatures above 30 °C, it must first be processed by dewatering and grinding if it is to be used as a desulfurization agent. The removal of chemically bound water should be carried out at temperatures in the interior of the system that exceed 100 °C. To achieve such a temperature, the screw conveyor and the drum are surrounded by a heating medium whose inlet temperature is 200 °C to 300 °C. The deflection separator in front of the exit from the mill separates the coarse fraction and lets it fall back into the space of the mill drum. The fine grain, i.e. the dewatered and ground sodium carbonate in monohydrate or anhydrite modification, is passed without delay and without storage into a flue gas tract for desulphurization in order to prevent the material from re-wetting. The sodium carbonate prepared in this way has the same ability to react with acidic gas components in flue gases as the common sodium hydrocarbonate.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is described in more detail below. Show it
Fig. 1 schematische Darsteilung im senkrechten Längsschnitt einer Einrichtung zum Abscheiden von sauren Gasbestandteilen aus Rauchgasen und Fig. 1 schematic representation in vertical longitudinal section of a device for separating acidic gas components from flue gases and
Fig. 2 Einzelheit D nach Fig. 1. Fig. 2 detail D according to Fig. 1.
Die Einrichtung zum Abscheiden saurer Gasbestandteile aus Rauchgasen ist durch eine erwärmte achsenlose Förderschnecke 1 gebildet, die am Anfang einen Eintritt 2 für Natriumcarbonat-Decahydrat hat und in eine Trommel 3 einer erwärmten Kugelmühle 4 mündet. Die mit einem Antrieb 5 versehene Förderschnecke 1 ist durch ein Vollwandrohr 6 gebildet, in dem eine sich drehende spiralförmige Profilstange 7 gelagert ist. Diese schmiegt an die innere Wand des Rohres 6 an, verschiebt das Natriumcarbonat und streift es von der Wand des Rohres 6 ab. The device for separating acidic gas components from flue gases is formed by a heated, axisless screw conveyor 1, which initially has an inlet 2 for sodium carbonate decahydrate and opens into a drum 3 of a heated ball mill 4. The screw conveyor 1, which is provided with a drive 5, is formed by a solid wall tube 6, in which a rotating spiral Profile rod 7 is stored. This nestles against the inner wall of the tube 6, moves the sodium carbonate and strips it from the wall of the tube 6.
Die Mühlentrommel 3 ist mit einem Antrieb 8 versehen und mit ihren Hohltrommelwellen 9, 10 in Gleitlagern 11 gelagert. Die Mühlentrommel 3 ist im Inneren mit Trennringen 12 zur Begrenzung der axialen Bewegung der Mahlkörper (Stahl- oder Korundkugel) und im Bereich des Umlenkabscheiders 13 mit Schaufeln 14 versehen, die die Mahlkörper zwecks intensiver Reinigung der Wände hinauftragen. The mill drum 3 is provided with a drive 8 and is mounted with its hollow drum shafts 9, 10 in plain bearings 11. The mill drum 3 is provided on the inside with separating rings 12 to limit the axial movement of the grinding media (steel or corundum ball) and in the area of the deflection separator 13 with blades 14 which carry the grinding media up for intensive cleaning of the walls.
Der Umlenkabscheider 13, der sich gemeinsam mit der Mühlentrommel 3 dreht, ist durch einen Hohlkegel 15 gebildet, dessen Spitze gegen die Förderschnecke 2 gerichtet ist, und durch einen koaxialen, an einer Hohltrommelwelle 10 angesetzten stumpfen Kegel 16, der mit einem Abstand hinter dem Kegel 15 angebracht ist. Der Spalt zwischen den beiden Kegeln 15, 16 ist zum Durchgang des zum Feinkorn gemahlenen Natriumcarbonats bestimmt. Zwischen dem Umfang der Kegel 15, 16 und der inneren Wand der Trommel 3 bleibt eine freie Kreisringfläche zum Durchgang von Mahlkörpern gelassen. Das entwässerte und feingemahlene Natriumcarbonat wird aus der Mühle 4 mittels eines Gebläses 17 unmittelbar in einen Rauchgastrakt einer energietechnischen Anlage transportiert, wo das Natriumcarbonat mit sauren Gasbestandteilen reagiert. Durch die Reaktion des Schwefeldioxids mit dem Natriumcarbonat entsteht Natriumsulfit, das in einem Flugaschenabscheider aufgefangen wird. The deflection separator 13, which rotates together with the mill drum 3, is formed by a hollow cone 15, the tip of which is directed towards the screw conveyor 2, and by a coaxial, blunt cone 16 attached to a hollow drum shaft 10, which is at a distance behind the cone 15 is attached. The gap between the two cones 15, 16 is intended for the passage of the sodium carbonate ground into fine grains. A free annular surface is left between the circumference of the cones 15, 16 and the inner wall of the drum 3 for the passage of grinding media. The dewatered and finely ground sodium carbonate is transported from the mill 4 by means of a blower 17 directly into a flue gas tract of an energy plant, where the sodium carbonate reacts with acidic gas components. The reaction of sulfur dioxide with sodium carbonate creates sodium sulfite, which is collected in a fly ash separator.
Die Förderschnecke 1, sowie die Mühlentrommel 3 werden mittels eines Heizmediums - Rauchgasen oder Heißluft - vom Außen erwärmt. Die Förderschnecke 1 und die Mühlentrommel 3 sind von äußeren Mänteln 18 umgeben, die Räume für das Heizmedium definieren. Jeder Raum hat seinen Eintritt 19 und Austritt 20 für das Heizmedium. Die beiden Austritte 20 des Heizmediums münden über ein Rauchgasgebläse 21 in den Rauchgastrakt. Der die Förderschnecke 1 umgebende Raum mündet zudem in die Mühlentrommel 3. Der Austritt 20 des Heizmediums aus dem die Förderschnecke 1 umgebenden Raum ist mit einer Regelklappe 22 versehen, die zur Steuerung des Durchflusses durch die Mühlentrommel 3 dient. The screw conveyor 1 and the mill drum 3 are heated from the outside using a heating medium - flue gases or hot air. The screw conveyor 1 and the mill drum 3 are surrounded by outer jackets 18 which define spaces for the heating medium. Each room has its inlet 19 and outlet 20 for the heating medium. The two outlets 20 of the heating medium open into the flue gas tract via a flue gas blower 21. The space surrounding the screw conveyor 1 also opens into the mill drum 3. The outlet 20 of the heating medium from the space surrounding the screw conveyor 1 is with a Control flap 22 is provided, which is used to control the flow through the mill drum 3.
Die sich drehenden Hohltrommelwellen 9, 10 sind von unbeweglichen Teilen der Einrichtung sowie von dem unbeweglichen äußeren Mantel 18 mittels Labyrintdichtungen 23 getrennt. The rotating hollow drum shafts 9, 10 are separated from immovable parts of the device and from the immovable outer jacket 18 by means of labyrinth seals 23.
Das am Eintritt 2 der Förderschnecke 1 dosierte Natriumcarbonat-Decahydrat im Mehlzustand mit Partikelgröße bis 200 pm fällt auf den Boden der Förderschnecke 1 und wird mittels der spiralförmigen Profilstange 7 Richtung Mühltrommel 3 befördert, wobei die Ablagerung des Natriumcarbonats von der Wand der Förderschnecke 1 abgestreift wird. Bei Temperaturen über 100 °C wird das Natriumcarbonat- Decahydrat unterwegs bis zu Trihydrat- oder Monohydrat-Modifikation entwässert und geht durch die Hohltrommelwelle 9 in das Innere der Mühlentrommel 3. Die Förderschnecke 1 wird von aus einer energietechnischen Anlage angesaugten Rauchgasen mit einer Temperatur von 200 °C bis 300 °C vom Außen erwärmt. Bei dem laufenden Rauchgasgebläse 21 und der geöffneten Regeiklappe 22 wird der Inhalt der Mühltrommel 3 zum Teil mit dem Rauchgebläse 21 angesaugt. Die Regelklappe 22 am Austritt 20 der Rauchgase von der Förderschnecke 1 kann also die Menge des Heizmedium-Wasserdampf-Gemisches regulieren, das durch die Mühltrommel 3 geleitet wird, und so die Verweildauer des Natriumcarbonats in der Mühltrommel 3 bestimmen. Die Mühltrommel 3 wird vom Heizmedium erwärmt, das aus dem äußeren Mantel 18 der Mühle 4 mittels Rauchgasgebläse 21 abgeleitet wird. Das Feinkorn des gemahlenen ausgetrockneten Natriumcarbonats wird im Umlenkabscheider 13 von der groben Fraktion getrennt. Da ändert sich die Richtung der Bewegung des Feinkorns um 180°, und es geht durch den Spalt zwischen den Kegeln 15, 16 und dann durch die Hohltrommelwelle 10 aus der Mühlentrommel 3, während die grobe Fraktion zum Boden der Mühlentrommel 3 zur weiteren Verarbeitung zurückfällt. Die Wände der Mühlentrommel 3 und des Umlenkabscheiders 13 werden fortlaufend durch die sich bewegenden Mahlkörper gereinigt. Das Feinkorn des Natriumcarbonats wird von Gebläse 17 direkt in den Rauchgastrakt eines Kessels befördert, wo es mit sauren Gasbestandteilen reagiert. The sodium carbonate decahydrate metered at the inlet 2 of the screw conveyor 1 in the flour state with a particle size of up to 200 pm falls to the bottom of the screw conveyor 1 and is conveyed towards the mill drum 3 by means of the spiral-shaped profile rod 7, the deposit of the sodium carbonate being stripped off the wall of the screw conveyor 1 . At temperatures above 100 ° C, the sodium carbonate decahydrate is dewatered on the way to trihydrate or monohydrate modification and goes through the hollow drum shaft 9 into the interior of the mill drum 3. The screw conveyor 1 is fed by flue gases sucked in from an energy technology system at a temperature of 200 °C to 300 °C heated from the outside. With the flue gas blower 21 running and the control flap 22 open, the contents of the mill drum 3 are partially sucked in with the smoke blower 21. The control flap 22 at the outlet 20 of the flue gases from the screw conveyor 1 can therefore regulate the amount of the heating medium-steam mixture that is passed through the mill drum 3, and thus determine the residence time of the sodium carbonate in the mill drum 3. The mill drum 3 is heated by the heating medium, which is derived from the outer jacket 18 of the mill 4 by means of a flue gas fan 21. The fine grain of the ground dried sodium carbonate is separated from the coarse fraction in the deflection separator 13. The direction of movement of the fine grain changes by 180° and it goes through the gap between the cones 15, 16 and then through the hollow drum shaft 10 out of the mill drum 3, while the coarse fraction falls back to the bottom of the mill drum 3 for further processing. The walls of the mill drum 3 and the deflection separator 13 are continuously cleaned by the moving grinding media. The fine grain of sodium carbonate is transported by fan 17 directly into the flue gas tract of a boiler, where it reacts with acidic gas components.

Claims

Patentansprüche Patent claims
1. Einrichtung zum Abscheiden saurer Gasbestandteile aus Rauchgasen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie durch eine erwärmte achsenlose Förderschnecke (1) gebildet ist, die am Anfang einen Eintritt (2) für Natriumcarbonat-Decahydrat hat und in eine Trommel (3) einer erwärmten Kugelmühle (4) mündet, die vor ihrem Austritt einen integrierten Umlenkabscheider (13) hat, wobei der mit einem Gebläse (17) versehene Austritt der Mühle (4) direkt in einen Rauchgastrakt einer energietechnischen Anlage mündet. 1. Device for separating acidic gas components from flue gases, characterized in that it is formed by a heated axisless conveyor screw (1) which has an inlet (2) for sodium carbonate decahydrate at the beginning and opens into a drum (3) of a heated ball mill (4) which has an integrated deflection separator (13) before its outlet, the outlet of the mill (4) provided with a fan (17) opening directly into a flue gas tract of an energy plant.
2. Die Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Förderschnecke (1) durch ein Rohr (6) gebildet ist, in dem eine sich drehende spiralförmige Profilstange (7) gelagert ist, die an die innere Wand des Rohres (6) zur Förderung und zum Abwischen des Natriumcarbonats anschmiegt. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw conveyor (1) is formed by a tube (6) in which a rotating spiral-shaped profile rod (7) is mounted, which is attached to the inner wall of the tube (6). Promotion and for wiping off the sodium carbonate.
3. Die Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der sich gemeinsam mit der Mühlentrommel (3) drehende Umlenkabscheider (13) durch einen Hohlkegel (15) gebildet ist, dessen Spitze gegen die Förderschnecke (9) gerichtet ist, wobei hinter dem Hohlkegel (15) ein an einer Hohltrommelwelle (10) angesetzter koaxialer stumpfer Kegel (16) mit einem Abstand zum Durchgang des gemahlenen Natriumcarbonats angebracht ist, und wobei zwischen dem Umfang der Kegel (15, 16) und der inneren Wand der Mühlentrommel (4) eine freie Kreisringfläche zum Durchgang von Mahlkörpern gelassen ist. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the deflection separator (13), which rotates together with the mill drum (3), is formed by a hollow cone (15), the tip of which is directed towards the screw conveyor (9), behind a coaxial blunt cone (16) attached to a hollow drum shaft (10) is attached to the hollow cone (15) at a distance from the passage of the ground sodium carbonate, and between the circumference of the cone (15, 16) and the inner wall of the mill drum (4 ) a free annular surface is left for the passage of grinding media.
4. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Förderschnecke (1), sowie die Mühlentrommel (3) von äußeren Mänteln (18) umgeben sind, die Räume für ein Heizmedium - Rauchgase oder Heißluft - abgrenzen, wobei jeder Raum seinen Eintritt (19) und Austritt (20) für das Heizmedium hat, wobei die beiden Austritte (20) des Heizmediums über ein Rauchgasgebläse (21) in einen Rauchgastrakt münden und wobei der die Förderschnecke (1) umgebende Raum zudem in die Mühlentrommel (3) mündet. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the screw conveyor (1) and the mill drum (3) are surrounded by outer jackets (18) which delimit spaces for a heating medium - flue gases or hot air, each Room has its inlet (19) and outlet (20) for the heating medium, the two outlets (20) of the heating medium opening into a flue gas tract via a flue gas fan (21) and the space surrounding the screw conveyor (1) also flowing into the mill drum ( 3) ends.
5. Die Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Austritt (20) des Heizmediums aus dem die Förderschnecke (1) umgebenden Raum mit einer Regelkiappe (22) zur Steuerung des Durchflusses durch die Mühlentrommel (3) versehen ist. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the outlet (20) of the heating medium from the space surrounding the screw conveyor (1) is provided with a control valve (22) for controlling the flow through the mill drum (3).
PCT/CZ2022/000037 2022-09-21 2022-09-21 Device for separating acidic gas constituents from flue gases WO2024061389A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS265828B1 (en) 1987-04-27 1989-11-14 Mocek Karel Process for preparing active sodium carbonate
US5873532A (en) * 1996-03-08 1999-02-23 Gec Alsthom Stein Industrie Ball mill
US6101736A (en) * 1997-04-29 2000-08-15 Griffin Industries, Inc. Apparatus for drying and processing raw food material
CN101422749A (en) * 2008-12-05 2009-05-06 青岛碱业股份有限公司 Wet ball mill with feeding piece
DE102018102700B3 (en) * 2018-02-07 2019-02-28 Carlos Alberto Ramos Diogo Heat treatment device for thermal continuous treatment of solid food and feed and other bulk materials

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS265828B1 (en) 1987-04-27 1989-11-14 Mocek Karel Process for preparing active sodium carbonate
US5873532A (en) * 1996-03-08 1999-02-23 Gec Alsthom Stein Industrie Ball mill
US6101736A (en) * 1997-04-29 2000-08-15 Griffin Industries, Inc. Apparatus for drying and processing raw food material
CN101422749A (en) * 2008-12-05 2009-05-06 青岛碱业股份有限公司 Wet ball mill with feeding piece
DE102018102700B3 (en) * 2018-02-07 2019-02-28 Carlos Alberto Ramos Diogo Heat treatment device for thermal continuous treatment of solid food and feed and other bulk materials

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