WO2024060509A1 - 一种林分郁闭度测量方法 - Google Patents

一种林分郁闭度测量方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024060509A1
WO2024060509A1 PCT/CN2023/077764 CN2023077764W WO2024060509A1 WO 2024060509 A1 WO2024060509 A1 WO 2024060509A1 CN 2023077764 W CN2023077764 W CN 2023077764W WO 2024060509 A1 WO2024060509 A1 WO 2024060509A1
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measurement
aircraft
canopy
sampling point
ranging module
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PCT/CN2023/077764
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English (en)
French (fr)
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高飞
李娜娜
李贝贝
李涛
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四川大学
四川省林业和草原调查规划院(四川省林业和草原生态环境监测中心)
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Publication of WO2024060509A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024060509A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
    • G01C5/005—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels altimeters for aircraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of measuring instruments and instruments, and specifically relates to a method for measuring forest stand canopy density.
  • Stand canopy closure is the ratio of the crown projection area to the forest area in the stand. It reflects the degree to which the stand utilizes the growth space and is an important factor in forest resource surveys.
  • visual inspection is the main method used.
  • the actual measurement methods include crown projection method, line measurement method and statistical method. Due to the large workload and slow measurement speed, visual inspection is generally used instead in actual use. Although the speed is fast, the measurement accuracy is low.
  • New technologies and methods are mainly concentrated in remote sensing image classification, fisheye cameras, lidar and other aspects. The above methods all have high technical requirements for measurement operation, long post-measurement processing time, and complex algorithms.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring forest stand canopy density that has reliable measurement accuracy, fast measurement speed, and simple measurement process, and can quickly complete forest stand canopy density measurement work in batches.
  • a method for measuring forest stand canopy density comprises the following steps:
  • the aircraft is equipped with an active ranging module.
  • the active ranging module When the active ranging module is activated, the aircraft performs flight and measurement according to the flight route, and vertically measures the distance from the active ranging module to ground obstacles at multiple sampling points, that is, the laser ranging distance. , while storing the sampling point coordinates (x, y, z) of the active ranging module;
  • A is the altitude of the aircraft
  • z is the altitude value of the sampling point
  • z 0 is the altitude value of the take-off point
  • the present invention uses the flight path of the aircraft to the measured sample site or the measured area as a measurement sample line, and calculates and measures the height of the aircraft active ranging module to ground obstacles. Compare the difference with the aircraft's own height to determine the forest stand canopy density at the current sampling point, and finally calculate the forest stand canopy density by comprehensively counting the values of each sampling point in all measurement transects.
  • the invention has reliable measurement accuracy, fast measurement speed and simple measurement process, and can quickly complete forest stand canopy density measurement work in batches.
  • the threshold value is determined according to the measurement target. If only the tree forest canopy density is measured, the threshold value is the highest shrub height. If the tree forest and shrub forest coverage is measured, the threshold value is the highest shrub height. Ground cover height.
  • step (2) is that the specific steps of step (2) are as follows:
  • P c is the canopy closure of the forest stand
  • n is the number of sampling points that are canopied
  • N is the total number of sampling points
  • p i is the canopy closure of the i-th sampling point, if it is 1, it means canopy closure, and if it is 0, it means canopy closure. represents the unclosed canopy
  • Hi is the laser ranging distance of the i-th sampling point
  • F is the threshold determined based on the measurement target.
  • the PCB circuit board of the active ranging module includes a microprocessor, a power module, an RTK module, a storage module, a data interface, a timer, a laser ranging module and an indicator light, wherein the microprocessor
  • the processor is used to complete the calculation, storage and control of data measurement.
  • the power module is used to provide power to the microprocessor.
  • the RTK module is used to obtain the real-time spatial position coordinates of the active ranging module.
  • the storage module is used to store the microprocessor.
  • the processor records data, the data interface is used for development, testing or on-site problem handling, the timer is used to provide high-precision timing, and the laser ranging module measures the distance to the obstacle.
  • a further technical solution is that the aircraft is a drone.
  • each transect line and sampling point are actually measured, and laser ranging and elevation comparison are used to ensure reliable measurement results. Since the sampling sample points and transect lines cover the entire measured sample area Or the measured area, which truly reflects the canopy closure of the forest stand. Especially the gap points in the tree canopy can also be measured with high measurement accuracy.
  • the measurement process is simple and rapid measurement is achieved:
  • the present invention only needs to fly the drone carrying the active ranging module to obtain the measurement data, without the need for other measurement processes, and the measurement process is simple. Since the measurement frequency of each sampling point depends on the emission time interval of the active ranging module, the single measurement time interval of the laser ranging module is extremely short (up to millisecond level), which can achieve rapid measurement.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a method for measuring forest stand canopy density according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method for measuring forest stand canopy density includes the following steps:
  • the aircraft is equipped with an active ranging module.
  • the active ranging module When the active ranging module is activated, the aircraft performs flight and measurement according to the flight route, and vertically measures the distance from the active ranging module to ground obstacles at multiple sampling points, that is, the laser ranging distance. , while storing the sampling point coordinates (x, y, z) of the active ranging module;
  • A is the altitude of the aircraft
  • z is the elevation value of the sampling point position
  • z 0 is the elevation value of the take-off point position
  • the present invention uses the flight path of the aircraft to the measured sample site or the measured area as a measurement sample line, and calculates and measures the height of the aircraft active ranging module to ground obstacles. Compare the difference with the aircraft's own height to determine the forest stand canopy density at the current sampling point, and finally calculate the forest stand canopy density by comprehensively counting the values of each sampling point in all measurement transects.
  • the invention has reliable measurement accuracy, fast measurement speed and simple measurement process, and can quickly complete forest stand canopy density measurement work in batches.
  • the threshold value is determined according to the measurement target. If only the canopy density of the tree forest is measured, the threshold value is the highest shrub height. If the tree forest canopy density is measured, the threshold value is the highest shrub height. Forest and shrub coverage, the threshold is the height of the highest ground cover.
  • step (2) is as follows:
  • P c is the canopy closure of the forest stand
  • n is the number of sampling points that are canopied
  • N is the total number of sampling points
  • p i is the canopy closure of the i-th sampling point, if it is 1, it means canopy closure, and if it is 0, it means canopy closure. represents the unclosed canopy
  • Hi is the laser ranging distance of the i-th sampling point
  • F is the threshold determined based on the measurement target.
  • the PCB circuit board of the active ranging module includes a microprocessor, a power module, an RTK module, a storage module, a data interface, a timer, and a laser ranging module.
  • module and indicator light wherein the microprocessor is used to complete the calculation, storage and control of data measurement, the power module is used to provide power to the microprocessor, and the RTK module is used to obtain the real-time spatial position of the active ranging module coordinates, the storage module is used to store data recorded by the microprocessor, the data interface is used for development, testing or on-site problem processing, the timer is used to provide high-precision timing, and the laser ranging module measures obstacles distance.
  • the microprocessor obtains the current spatial position coordinates from the RTK module, the current time from the timer, and the current distance between the active ranging module and the obstacle from the laser ranging module according to the time interval set by the user.
  • the aircraft is a drone.

Abstract

一种林分郁闭度测量方法，包括如下步骤：(1)确定测量区域，将经过测量区域的飞行路线作为郁闭度测量样线；(2)飞行器上搭载主动测距模块，启动主动测距模块，飞行器按飞行路线执行飞行和测量，在每个采样点测量激光测距距离，同时存储主动测距模块的采样点坐标（x1，y1，z1；x2，y2，z2；xn，yn，zn）；(3)将主动测距模块的采样点坐标（x1，y1，z1；x2，y2，z2；xn，yn，zn）和起飞点坐标进行对比，获得飞行器的高度值；计算每个采样点的激光测距距离（H1，H2，H3）和飞行器高度的差值，判断差值是否大于设定的阈值（F），如果超过，则认定此采样点不郁闭，如果未超过，则认定此采样点郁闭；汇总所有采样点结果，计算林分郁闭度。该方法测量精度可靠，测量速度快速，测量过程简单，可以批量快速完成林分郁闭度测量工作。

Description

一种林分郁闭度测量方法 技术领域
本发明属于测量器械和仪器技术领域，具体涉及一种林分郁闭度测量方法。
背景技术
林分郁闭度是林分中树冠投影面积与林地面积之比，反应了林分利用生长空间的程度，是森林资源调查工作中重要因子。实际调查中主要使用目测方法，实测的方法包括树冠投影法、测线法和统计法，由于工作量大，测量速度慢，实际使用中一般采用目测方式代替，虽然速度快，但测量精度低。新技术新方法主要集中在遥感图像分类、鱼眼相机、激光雷达等方面，上述方法均存在测量操作技术要求高，测量后期处理时间长，算法复杂问题。
综上所述，亟需提供一种测量精度可靠，测量速度快速，测量过程简单，可以批量快速完成林分郁闭度测量工作的林分郁闭度测量方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种测量精度可靠，测量速度快速，测量过程简单，可以批量快速完成林分郁闭度测量工作的林分郁闭度测量方法。
上述目的是通过如下技术方案实现：一种林分郁闭度测量方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)确定测量区域，划定飞行器飞行路线，将经过测量区域的飞行路线作为郁闭度测量样线；
(2)飞行器上搭载主动测距模块，启动主动测距模块，飞行器按飞行路线执行飞行和测量，在多个采样点分别垂直测量主动测距模块至地面障碍物的距离，即激光测距距离，同时存储主动测距模块的采样点坐标(x，y，z)；
(3)获取飞行器测量数据，求解被测区域林分郁闭度；
(3.1)将主动测距模块的采样点坐标(x，y，z)和起飞点坐标(x0，y0，z0)进行对比，获得飞行器的高度值，定义如下：A＝z-z0
式中，A为飞行器高度，z为采样点位置的高程值，z0为起飞点位置的高程值；
(3.2)计算每个采样点的激光测距距离和飞行器高度的差值，判断差值是否大于设定的阈值，如果超过，则认定此采样点不郁闭，如果未超过，则认定此采样点郁闭；
(3.3)汇总所有采样点结果，统计郁闭的采样点数量和总采样点数量，郁闭采样点数量除以总采样点数量即为测量区域的林分郁闭度。
本发明通过在飞行器上搭载机载主动测距模块，将飞行器对被测样地或是被测区域的飞行路线作为测量样线，通过计算测量飞行器主动测距模块至地面障碍物高度情况，通过和飞行器自身高度做差值比较，判断当前采样点林分郁闭情况，最终综合统计所有测量样线中各采样点的数值计算林分郁闭度。本发明测量精度可靠，测量速度快速，测量过程简单，可以批量快速完成林分郁闭度测量工作。
进一步的技术方案是，所述步骤(3.2)中，阈值取值根据测定目标确定，若仅测定乔木林郁闭度，阈值为最高灌木高度，若测定乔木林以及灌木林覆盖度，阈值为最高地被物高度。
进一步的技术方案是，所述步骤(2)的具体步骤如下：
(2.1)记录主动测距模块测量起飞点坐标；
(2.2)启动飞行器飞行，测量主动测距模块当前坐标，对比被测区域的范围，判断是否进入测量区域；
(2.3)进入测量区域后，在设定的固定时间间隔，垂直测量机载主动测距模块至地面障碍物的距离，测量点即为采样点，同时存储主动测距模块的采样点坐标。
进一步的技术方案是，所述步骤(3)中测量区域的林分郁闭度的计算公式如下：

式中，Pc为林分郁闭度，n为被郁闭的采样点数，N为总采样点数量，pi为第i个采样点郁闭情况，为1则代表郁闭，为0则代表未郁闭；Hi为第i个采样点的激光测距距离，F为根据测定目标确定的阈值。
进一步的技术方案是，所述主动测距模块的PCB电路板上包括微处理器、电源模块、RTK模块、存储模块、数据接口、计时器、激光测距模块和指示灯，其中所述微处理器用于完成数据测量的计算、存储和控制，所述电源模块用于为微处理器提供电源，所述RTK模块用于获取主动测距模块的实时空间位置坐标，所述存储模块用于存储微处理器记录数据，所述数据接口用于开发、测试或现场问题处理使用，所述计时器用于提供高精度计时，所述激光测距模块测量到障碍物的距离。
进一步的技术方案是，所述飞行器为无人机。
相比于现有技术，本发明技术方案具备如下优势：
郁闭度测量精度高：本发明中是对每个样线和采样点的实测，采用激光测距和高程对比的方式保证测量结果可靠，由于采样的样点和样线覆盖整个被测样地或被测区域，真实的反应了林分郁闭情况，尤其对于乔木林冠幅中的空隙点位也可以测量，测量精度高。
测量流程简单，实现快速测量：本发明仅放飞载有主动测距模块的无人机，就可以获得测量数据，无需其他测量过程，测量流程简单。由于每个采样点测量频率取决于主动测距模块发射时间间隔，激光测距模块单次测量时间间隔极短(可达毫秒级)，可以实现快速测量。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为本发明一种实施方式所涉及的林分郁闭度测量方法的原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述，本部分的描述仅是示范性和解释性，不应对本发明的保护范围有任何的限制作用。此外，本领域技术人员根据本文件的描述，可以对本文件中实施例中以及不同实施例中的特征进行相应组合。
本发明实施例如下，参照图1，一种林分郁闭度测量方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)确定测量区域，划定飞行器飞行路线，将经过测量区域的飞行路线作为郁闭度测量样线；
(2)飞行器上搭载主动测距模块，启动主动测距模块，飞行器按飞行路线执行飞行和测量，在多个采样点分别垂直测量主动测距模块至地面障碍物的距离，即激光测距距离，同时存储主动测距模块的采样点坐标(x，y，z)；
(3)获取飞行器测量数据，求解被测区域林分郁闭度；
(3.1)将主动测距模块的采样点坐标(x，y，z)和起飞点坐标(x0，y0，z0)进行对比，获得飞行器的高度值，定义如下：A＝z-z0
式中，A为飞行器高度，z为采样点位置的高程值，z0为起飞点位置的高程值；
(3.2)计算每个采样点的激光测距距离和飞行器高度的差值，判断差值是否大于设定的阈值，如果超过，则认定此采样点不郁闭，如果未超过，则认定此采样点郁闭；
(3.3)汇总所有采样点结果，统计郁闭的采样点数量和总采样点数量，郁闭采样点数量除以总采样点数量即为测量区域的林分郁闭度。
本发明通过在飞行器上搭载机载主动测距模块，将飞行器对被测样地或是被测区域的飞行路线作为测量样线，通过计算测量飞行器主动测距模块至地面障碍物高度情况，通过和飞行器自身高度做差值比较，判断当前采样点林分郁闭情况，最终综合统计所有测量样线中各采样点的数值计算林分郁闭度。本发明测量精度可靠，测量速度快速，测量过程简单，可以批量快速完成林分郁闭度测量工作。
在上述实施例的基础上，本发明另一实施例中，所述步骤(3.2)中，阈值取值根据测定目标确定，若仅测定乔木林郁闭度，阈值为最高灌木高度，若测定乔木林以及灌木林覆盖度，阈值为最高地被物高度。
在上述实施例的基础上，本发明另一实施例中，所述步骤(2)的具体步骤如下：
(2.1)记录主动测距模块测量起飞点坐标；
(2.2)启动飞行器飞行，测量主动测距模块当前坐标，对比被测区域的范围，判断是否进入测量区域；
(2.3)进入测量区域后，在设定的固定时间间隔，垂直测量机载主动测距模块至地面障碍物的距离，测量点即为采样点，同时存储主动测距模块的采样点坐标。
进一步的技术方案是，所述步骤(3)中测量区域的林分郁闭度的计算公式如下：

式中，Pc为林分郁闭度，n为被郁闭的采样点数，N为总采样点数量，pi为第i个采样点郁闭情况，为1则代表郁闭，为0则代表未郁闭；Hi为第i个采样点的激光测距距离，F为根据测定目标确定的阈值。
在上述实施例的基础上，本发明另一实施例中，所述主动测距模块的PCB电路板上包括微处理器、电源模块、RTK模块、存储模块、数据接口、计时器、激光测距模块和指示灯，其中所述微处理器用于完成数据测量的计算、存储和控制，所述电源模块用于为微处理器提供电源，所述RTK模块用于获取主动测距模块的实时空间位置坐标，所述存储模块用于存储微处理器记录数据，所述数据接口用于开发、测试或现场问题处理使用，所述计时器用于提供高精度计时，所述激光测距模块测量到障碍物的距离。
主动测距模块工作时，微处理器按用户设定时间间隔要求，从RTK模块获取当前空间位置坐标，从计时器获取当前时间，从激光测距模块获取当前主动测距模块距离障碍物距离。
在上述实施例的基础上，本发明另一实施例中，所述飞行器为无人机。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种林分郁闭度测量方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    (1)确定测量区域，划定飞行器飞行路线，将经过测量区域的飞行路线作为郁闭度测量样线；
    (2)飞行器上搭载主动测距模块，启动主动测距模块，飞行器按飞行路线执行飞行和测量，在多个采样点分别垂直测量主动测距模块至地面障碍物的距离，即激光测距距离，同时存储主动测距模块的采样点坐标(x，y，z)；
    (3)获取飞行器测量数据，求解被测区域林分郁闭度；
    (3.1)将主动测距模块的采样点坐标(x，y，z)和起飞点坐标(x0，y0，z0)进行对比，获得飞行器的高度值，定义如下：A＝z-z0
    式中，A为飞行器高度，z为采样点位置的高程值，z0为起飞点位置的高程值；
    (3.2)计算每个采样点的激光测距距离和飞行器高度的差值，判断差值是否大于设定的阈值，如果超过，则认定此采样点不郁闭，如果未超过，则认定此采样点郁闭；
    (3.3)汇总所有采样点结果，统计郁闭的采样点数量和总采样点数量，郁闭采样点数量除以总采样点数量即为测量区域的林分郁闭度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的林分郁闭度测量方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3.2)中，阈值取值根据测定目标确定，若仅测定乔木林郁闭度，阈值为最高灌木高度，若测定乔木林以及灌木林覆盖度，阈值为最高地被物高度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的林分郁闭度测量方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)的具体步骤如下：
    (2.1)记录主动测距模块测量起飞点坐标；
    (2.2)启动飞行器飞行，测量主动测距模块当前坐标，对比被测区域的范围，判断是否进入测量区域；
    (2.3)进入测量区域后，在设定的固定时间间隔，垂直测量机载主动测距模块至地面障碍物的距离，测量点即为采样点，同时存储主动测距模块的采样点坐标。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的林分郁闭度测量方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中测量区域的林分郁闭度的计算公式如下：

    式中，Pc为林分郁闭度，n为被郁闭的采样点数，N为总采样点数量，pi为第i个采样点郁闭情况，为1则代表郁闭，为0则代表未郁闭；Hi为第i个采样点的激光测距距离，F为根据测定目标确定的阈值。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的林分郁闭度测量方法，其特征在于，所述主动测距模块的PCB电路板上包括微处理器、电源模块、RTK模块、存储模块、数据接口、计时器、激光测距模块和指示灯，其中所述微处理器用于完成数据测量的计算、存储和控制，所述电源模块用于为微处理器提供电源，所述RTK模块用于获取主动测距模块的实时空间位置坐标，所述存储模块用于存储微处理器记录数据，所述数据接口用于开发、测试或现场问题处理使用，所述计时器用于提供高精度计时，所述激光测距模块测量到障碍物的距离。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的林分郁闭度测量方法，其特征在于，所述飞行器为无人机。
PCT/CN2023/077764 2022-09-23 2023-02-23 一种林分郁闭度测量方法 WO2024060509A1 (zh)

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