WO2024055623A1 - 一种免模板免装饰现浇结构及其施工方法 - Google Patents

一种免模板免装饰现浇结构及其施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024055623A1
WO2024055623A1 PCT/CN2023/095198 CN2023095198W WO2024055623A1 WO 2024055623 A1 WO2024055623 A1 WO 2024055623A1 CN 2023095198 W CN2023095198 W CN 2023095198W WO 2024055623 A1 WO2024055623 A1 WO 2024055623A1
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Prior art keywords
cement
artificial stone
based artificial
formwork
construction
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PCT/CN2023/095198
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钟兵
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钟兵
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Publication of WO2024055623A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024055623A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2002/8682—Mixed technique using permanent and reusable forms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of construction technology, in particular to a formwork-free and decoration-free cast-in-place structure and its construction method.
  • the main method used in existing cast-in-place buildings is: first fix the steel frame made of steel bars at the construction site, then use formwork of various materials such as steel, aluminum, wood, etc. to surround the frame, and completely fix the formwork through various reinforcements After that, the concrete is poured. After the concrete solidifies, the formwork is removed and trimmed. Finally, thermal insulation, sound insulation and decoration are carried out as needed to become a finished building that is habitable.
  • the existing construction method of cast-in-place buildings has the following shortcomings: 1. A large number of formwork must be used. The cost of formwork accounts for 20-30% of the construction cost, 50% of the construction period, and 30-40% of the project labor. The extensive use of formwork is the main reason for the high cost of existing buildings.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a formwork-free and decoration-free cast-in-place structure and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a construction method of a cast-in-place structure without formwork and decoration, which includes the following steps:
  • cement-based artificial stone slabs are prepared with cement and aggregate as the main raw materials and using vibration as the basic slab-making technology. After curing and thickness determination, cement-based artificial stone slabs are formed. The front side of the cement-based artificial stone slabs are peeled off, The facing layer is formed by one of printing, adhesion, wrapping and other methods; a nut is embedded on the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate, and the nut is threadedly connected to one end of the anchoring connecting rod. The outer surface of the cement-based artificial stone plate can be protected by coating Membrane spare;
  • One or more sides of the metal frame are surrounded by cement-based artificial stone plates, and the metal frame outside the enclosure is enclosed by formwork;
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod on the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate is provided with an anchoring part, and the anchoring part is The part is larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchor connecting rod Any geometric shape, and at the same time, support and fixing frames are set on the outside of the cement-based artificial stone slabs and formwork;
  • the cement-based artificial stone slab is an ultra-high-performance artificial stone slab
  • the raw materials of the artificial stone slab are configured according to ultra-high-performance standards, and the slab-making technology is based on the basic technical means of vibration. It is prepared by increasing strong pressure and vacuuming as the main technical means.
  • the anchor connecting rod passes through the thermal insulation material layer or the sound insulation material layer or the composite material layer composed of the thermal insulation material layer and the sound insulation material layer, and protrudes beyond the thermal insulation material layer or the sound insulation material layer. Or the outer end of the composite material layer composed of a thermal insulation material layer and a sound insulation material layer.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate is a curved or rectangular cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • the entire metal frame is surrounded by cement-based artificial stone plates.
  • the anchoring part and the anchoring connecting rod are an integral structure.
  • the anchoring part on the main body of the anchor connecting rod is connected to the metal frame.
  • the anchoring part can also be interconnected with the anchoring connecting rod or the anchoring part on the anchoring connecting rod that is screwed on the back of another opposite cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • the support and fixation frame is a triangular support frame fixed to the ground.
  • the triangular support frame is formed by overlapping according to the height requirements and is closely attached to the surface of the cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • the support and fixation frame is a support frame or a plurality of horizontal and vertical plane reinforcements that are fixedly connected to each other, and the plane reinforcements are square tubes, channel steel, or wooden squares.
  • a full supporting scaffolding is set up at the construction site, and after leveling, a cement-based artificial stone plate is laid on the top of the scaffolding, and then a steel frame is placed horizontally above the cement-based artificial stone plate, and the steel frame is placed horizontally. Fastened to the surrounding steel frame.
  • the artificial stone plate of the present invention is made of cement base as the main material. It can adopt the highest ultra-high performance standard in the field of concrete as the preparation standard. By using vibration, strong pressure, pumping, The vacuum board making method implants a whole plate of interconnected stainless steel mesh and nuts that can be connected externally when making the board. After the board is made, its surface adopts various finishes formed by the peeling principle of natural stone. Therefore, it can be completely Reach the service life of natural stone for more than a hundred years.
  • cement-based artificial stone plate When the cement-based artificial stone plate is used as the base material, the surface can be wrapped with extremely thin metal to achieve any metal finishing effect; the surface of the cement-based artificial stone plate can be wrapped with cloth, leather and other soft finishes to achieve all the finishing effects of these materials; the surface of the cement-based artificial stone plate Any finishing effect can be achieved by applying printing treatment.
  • the excellent properties of cement-based artificial stone boards themselves can reach the highest standards of fire protection, waterproofing, and corrosion protection, and can effectively prevent efflorescence and water seepage. Even if fabrics, wallpapers, etc. are re-pasted on the surface of the boards, the attached finishes can be Can achieve extremely long service life. Therefore, cement-based artificial stone slabs can completely replace various existing decorative materials such as paint, ceramic tiles, stone, and wood. They can achieve all the decorative effects of these materials inside and outside the building, and can completely solve various common defects of these materials.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate itself has ultra-high strength and ultra-high durability. When combined with a plate-making method that can achieve higher density and lower water-cement ratio, plus the whole-page interconnected stainless steel mesh and integrated into one, it has extremely high Nuts with high mounting strength enable cement-based artificial stone slabs to have extremely high bending resistance, tensile resistance, and impact resistance. Therefore, they can fully withstand the impact and expansion forces generated when pouring concrete, and thus can completely replace existing existing Various templates such as steel, aluminum, wood etc.
  • the pre-embedded nuts on the back of the board have strong screwing and mounting force, and can easily and flexibly clamp any thermal insulation material and sound insulation material on the back of the board through the screwed anchor connecting rod, forming a physical clamping
  • the multi-functional board can solve various defects existing in the existing thermal insulation and decorative integrated boards, which are mainly adhered through chemical glue. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to achieve with existing steel, aluminum, wood and other formworks. Clamp the thermal insulation and sound insulation materials and expose one end of the external anchor connecting rod.
  • the anchoring part set to be larger than the cross section of the anchor connecting rod can produce extreme The large pull-out force will inevitably make the cement-based artificial stone plate that is completely screwed and interconnected with the anchor connecting rod and the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete structure become an interconnected whole.
  • Cement-based artificial stone slabs with the trinity functions of decoration, heat preservation and sound insulation can directly realize the finished building with trinity functions after replacing the cast-in-place formwork, based on the above principles.
  • the present invention uses cement-based artificial stone plates to replace formwork to form a cast-in-place building. It can not only reduce the various formwork fees of the existing cast-in-place construction, but also directly reduce the formwork installation, formwork removal, trimming and later necessary decoration, insulation, Sound insulation construction. Not only does it greatly reduce various costs, but it also enables all cast-in-place buildings to directly realize green and energy-saving buildings with vibrant interior and exterior decoration, efficient two-way thermal insulation functions, and an extremely quiet and healthy indoor environment. At the same time, the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone panels configured with the highest technical standards of cement concrete are adopted.
  • the cement-based artificial stone panels After adopting the existing panel-making methods of vibration, strong pressure, and vacuuming, which are extremely difficult to produce ultra-high performance, the cement-based artificial stone panels can be completely made. Stone slabs reach the performance limits of existing cement concrete. After the cement-based artificial stone plate replaces the formwork and is completely integrated with the entire reinforced concrete structure, it can reach ultra-high strength above C150. As the overall surface layer of the existing mainly C30 and C40 reinforced concrete structure, the cement-based artificial stone plate can Completely blocks UV rays and rain Water and other harmful substances cause various erosion and damage to reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, the service life of a reinforced concrete structure completely protected by cement-based artificial stone panels can be greatly improved compared to the existing cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure using formwork.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate of the present invention is mainly made of discarded natural stone processing leftovers, or miscellaneous stones and gravel that are widely present in nature and even affect crop growth, and is made of industrial waste silica fume, mineral powder, and pulverized coal. Ash and other cement are used as cementing materials. The production does not require high-temperature firing and produces no chemical odor. The waste generated during processing can be reused or made into other building materials. Therefore, it can fully meet the highest environmental protection standards of zero pollution and zero emissions. Cement-based artificial stone slabs that do not contain any harmful substances can meet the highest health requirements when used. After adding nanometers or surface nanometer treatments, they can also achieve multiple beneficial functions such as sterilization, self-cleaning, and air purification.
  • the invention uses cement-based artificial stone plates to replace formwork cast-in-place buildings, which can directly realize high-efficiency and energy-saving green buildings. Therefore, the present invention is an innovative technology that benefits the country and the people.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is another structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of B in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of C in Figure 2;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a cast-in-place frame structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of adding a cast-in-place floor slab to the cast-in-place structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a cast-in-place shear wall structure with doors or windows according to the present invention.
  • the metal frame 7 is a steel frame.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is prepared with cement and aggregate as the main raw materials and using vibration as the basic plate-making technology. After curing and thickness determination, the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is formed.
  • the front side of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 The facing layer is formed by one of methods such as peeling, printing, adhesion, and wrapping; a nut 3 is embedded in the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1, and the nut 3 is threadedly connected to one end of the anchor connecting rod 4.
  • the cement-based artificial stone The outer surface of plate 1 can be covered with a protective film for later use;
  • 2Site preparation Lay out the wires during construction on site and fix the steel bars into the required steel frame at the construction site.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 Enclose the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 on one side of the steel frame, and the outer periphery of the steel frame outside the enclosure is enclosed by formwork; the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 on the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is provided with an anchoring part 9, and the anchoring part 9 is any geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchor connecting rod 4; and at the same time, a support fixing frame is provided on the outside of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1;
  • the outer bottom of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 can be reinforced with an L-shaped fixture.
  • One end of the L-shaped fixture is fixed on the ground with an expansion bolt, and the other end of the L-shaped fixture is closely attached to the cement-based artificial stone plate 1.
  • the support and fixation frame provided on the outside of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 and formwork can be a triangular support frame fixed to the ground.
  • the triangular support frame can be formed by overlapping according to the height requirements, and multiple planes can be set between multiple triangular support frames.
  • Reinforcements, such as square tubes, channel steel, wooden squares, etc., are closely attached to the surface of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1;
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8, and the anchoring part 9 can be an integrated structure with the anchor connecting rod 4; after the poured reinforced concrete 8 is completely solidified, the pole formed by it will The large structural force will engage the anchoring connecting rod 4 and the anchoring portion 9, thereby completely fixing the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 and the reinforced concrete 8 into an interconnected whole.
  • the metal frame 7 is a steel frame.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference from Embodiment 1 is: in the preparation of the plate, the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is provided with a mesh 2, and the anchor connecting rod 4 passes through the insulation material layer 5 or the sound insulation material layer 6 or the insulation material layer 5 and the sound insulation material
  • the composite material layer composed of layer 6 is screwed with the nut 3 on the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1, so that the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is covered with the insulation material layer 5 or the sound insulation material layer 6 or the insulation material layer 5 and the sound insulation material layer
  • the other end of the anchor connecting rod 4 protrudes from the outer end of the thermal insulation material layer 5 or the sound insulation material layer 6 or the composite material layer composed of the thermal insulation material layer 5 and the sound insulation material layer 6 as needed;
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is enclosed inside and outside the steel frame of the shear wall with a layer of thermal insulation material 5 or a layer of sound insulation material 6 or a composite material layer composed of the layer of thermal insulation material 5 and the layer of sound insulation material 6. Both sides of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 are passed through the formwork Enclosure; and if necessary, a breathable waterproof membrane can be put on the anchor connecting rod 4 on the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 on the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is provided with an anchoring part 9, and the anchoring part 9 is Any geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchoring connecting rod 4; it can also be interconnected with the anchoring connecting rod 4 or the anchoring part 9 on the anchoring connecting rod 4 that is screwed on the back of another opposite cement-based artificial stone plate, and at the same time in the cement
  • a support fixing frame is provided on the outside of the base artificial stone plate 1;
  • the inner and outer bottoms of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 can be reinforced with L-shaped fasteners.
  • One end of the L-shaped fastener is fixed on the ground with expansion bolts, and the other end of the L-shaped fastener is closely attached to the cement-based artificial stone plate 1
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 and the support fixed frame set on the outside of the formwork can be a triangular support frame fixed to the ground.
  • the triangular support frame can be formed by overlapping according to the height requirements. Multiple triangular support frames can be set between them.
  • a plane reinforcement such as a square tube, channel steel, wooden square, etc., is closely attached to the surface of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1;
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8, and the anchoring part 9 can be an integrated structure with the anchor connecting rod 4; after the poured reinforced concrete 8 is completely solidified, the pole formed by it will The large structural force will engage the anchoring connecting rod 4 and the anchoring portion 9, thereby completely fixing the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 and the reinforced concrete 8 into an interconnected whole.
  • the mesh 2 is a stainless steel mesh
  • the metal frame 7 is a steel frame
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • 1Ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone panels are made of cement and aggregate as the main raw materials and are configured according to ultra-high-performance standards.
  • the panel-making technology is based on the basic technical means of vibration, adding strong pressure and vacuuming as the main technical means.
  • an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate is formed; the front side of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate forms a facing layer through one of peeling, printing, adhesion, wrapping, etc.; ultra-high-performance
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate is provided with a stainless steel mesh, and a nut 3 is embedded in the back of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • the nut 3 is threadedly connected to one end of the anchor connecting rod 4.
  • the outer surface of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate can be covered with Protective film for spare use;
  • the steel frame of the column is surrounded by ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates.
  • the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates are rectangular ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates.
  • the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates are installed on the outside.
  • the support and fixed frame is a support frame or multiple horizontal and vertical plane reinforcements that are fixedly connected to each other.
  • the support frame can be overlapped to form a plane reinforcement according to the height requirements.
  • the plane reinforcements are square tubes, channel steel, wooden squares, etc.;
  • ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone slab is a curved ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone slab, it can be reinforced with hoops;
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8, and an anchoring portion 9 is provided on the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring portion 9 is any geometry larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchor connecting rod 4. shape, the anchoring part 9 can be an integrated structure with the anchoring connecting rod 4; after the poured reinforced concrete 8 is completely solidified, the huge structural force formed by it will bite the anchoring connecting rod 4 and the anchoring part 9, thereby completely making the super High-performance cement-based artificial stone panels and reinforced concrete are fixed into an interconnected whole.
  • the floor slabs of various cast-in-place structures are cast-in-place, and the metal frame 7 is a steel-bar frame.
  • Construction preparation is the same as in Example 1;
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8.
  • An anchoring portion 9 is provided on the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring portion 9 is of any geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchor connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring portion 9 can be connected to the anchor.
  • the rod 4 is an integrated structure; after the poured reinforced concrete 8 is completely solidified, the huge structural force formed by it will bite the anchor connecting rod 4 and its anchoring part 9, thereby completely connecting the cement-based artificial stone plate and the reinforced concrete 8 fixed into an interconnected whole.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • 1Ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone panels are made of cement and aggregate as the main raw materials and are configured according to ultra-high-performance standards.
  • the panel-making technology is based on the basic technical means of vibration, adding strong pressure and vacuuming as the main technical means.
  • an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate is formed; the front side of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate forms a facing layer through one of peeling, printing, adhesion, wrapping, etc.; ultra-high-performance Cement-based artificial stone slabs
  • the nut 3 is threadedly connected to one end of the anchor connecting rod 4.
  • One end of the anchor connecting rod passes through the insulation material layer 5 or the sound insulation material layer 6 or
  • the composite material layer composed of the thermal insulation material layer 5 and the sound insulation material layer 6 is screwed with the nut 3 on the back of the ultra-high performance cement-based artificial stone plate;
  • the other end of the anchor connecting rod 4 protrudes from the thermal insulation material layer 5 or the sound insulation material layer 6 or
  • the outer end of the composite material layer composed of the thermal insulation material layer 5 and the sound insulation material layer 6, and the outer surface of the ultra-high performance cement-based artificial stone plate can be covered with a protective film for later use;
  • the main body of the anchoring connecting rod 4 on the back of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate is provided with an anchoring part 9, and the anchoring part 9 is larger than
  • the cross-sectional area of the anchoring connecting rod 4 can be of any geometric shape; it can also be interconnected with the anchoring connecting rod 4 screwed on the back of another ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate or the anchoring portion 9 on the anchoring connecting rod 4, and at the same time Set support fixing frames on the outside of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone panels;
  • the inner and outer bottoms of the ultra-high performance cement-based artificial stone plates can be reinforced with L-shaped fasteners.
  • One end of the L-shaped fastener is fixed on the ground with expansion bolts, and the other end of the L-shaped fastener is tightly attached to the ultra-high-performance cement base artificial stone plate, and at the same time, the support and fixation frame provided on the outside of the ultra-high performance cement-based artificial stone plate can be a triangular support frame fixed to the ground.
  • the angle supports can be formed by overlapping according to the height requirements.
  • Multiple plane reinforcements, such as square tubes, channel steels, wooden squares, etc., can be set between the multiple triangular supports, which are closely attached to the surface of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone slabs. ;
  • multiple ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates at the corners can be connected in series through long steel bars, and then threaded with the back nuts 3 of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates on both sides.
  • Example 2 Concrete pouring and D. cleaning are completed as in Example 1; finally, a cast-in-place shear wall structure with doors or windows with decoration, thermal insulation, and sound insulation functions is obtained.

Abstract

一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，包括多块带饰面的水泥基人造石板材、金属骨架，水泥基人造石板材背部埋设有螺母，螺母与锚固连接杆的一端螺纹连接，金属骨架外围围护有多块水泥基人造石板材，围护的多块水泥基人造石板材内浇筑有混凝土，浇筑的混凝土内设有锚固连接杆的主体，锚固连接杆的主体上设有锚固部。本发明采用水泥基人造石板材替代模板所形成的现浇建筑，不但能减少现有现浇施工的各种模板费，还能直接减少装模、拆模、修整及后期必须的装饰、保温、隔音的施工。不仅极大的减少了各种费用，还能使建筑的每个独立空间均能同时实现精美的内外装饰、高效的双向保温隔热功能、极其静谧而且健康的室内环境。

Description

一种免模板免装饰现浇结构及其施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑技术领域，尤其是一种免模板免装饰现浇结构及其施工方法。
背景技术
现有现浇建筑主要采用的方法是：先在施工现场固定钢筋制作的钢筋骨架，然后用钢、铝、木等各种材质的模板将骨架围护，并通过各种加固件将模板完全固定好后，再进行混凝土浇筑，混凝土凝固后拆模修整，最后根据需要进行保温、隔音及装饰的施工，从而成为可居住使用的成品建筑。现有现浇建筑的施工方法存在以下缺陷：1.必须大量使用模板。模板的成本占到建筑成本的20-30％，占工期的50％，占工程用工量的30-40％，模板的大量使用是导致现有建筑造价过高的主要原因，同时各种模板的生产均需消耗大量的资源，据统计，中国建筑现浇模板中占比较少的钢模板每年的用钢量就超过300万吨，这些钢模板从矿石开采到冶炼加工均会消耗大量的能源，并会产生大量的碳排放；近几年流行的铝模板，不但造价高，铝的开采、冶炼加工同样会造成极大的污染；占比更大的竹木类模板每年需砍伐超过万顷以上的森林才能满足需求；复合的模板产生的碳排放和污染同样十分严重，而且竹木类和复合模板强度低、易损坏，因此会产生大量的有害垃圾。2.拆模后的混凝土表面必须进行装饰、保温、隔音的施工，才能成为可使用的成品建筑，现有技术会存在以下缺陷：首先无论是装饰、保温、隔音的施工均需要花费大量的人力、物力成本， 其次现有装饰材料如涂料、瓷砖、石材等普遍达不到绿色建材标准，有的甚至完全违背绿色建材理念。同时现有保温隔音材料的固定安装均存在各种缺陷。综上所述，现有现浇施工技术必须使用模板，必须进行的装饰及保温隔音的施工，会存在施工效率低、建造成本高、浪费大、碳排放过高等各种问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种免模板免装饰现浇结构及其施工方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
A.施工准备
①水泥基人造石板材是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，以振动为基本制板技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成水泥基人造石板材，水泥基人造石板材的正面通过剥离、涂印、粘连、裹覆等方式中的一种形成饰面层；水泥基人造石板材的背部设埋设有螺母，螺母与锚固连接杆的一端螺纹连接，水泥基人造石板材外表面可覆保护膜备用；
②现场准备：在现场施工放线，并将钢筋在施工现场固定成所需的金属骨架；
B.施工安装
①在金属骨架外围一面或一面以上围护有水泥基人造石板材，该围护面以外的金属骨架外围通过模板围护；水泥基人造石板材背部的锚固连接杆主体上设有锚固部，锚固部为大于锚固连接杆截面积的 任意几何形状，并同时在水泥基人造石板材、模板的外侧设置支撑固定架；
②如需预埋水电管线和开关插座，在浇注混凝土之前先预埋好；
C.混凝土浇注
①在围护的金属骨架的顶部浇注混凝土，浇注时用细长的振捣棒插入振捣，直到最后浇注完成，形成钢筋砼；
D.清理完成
④拆除施工现场的支撑固定架和围护的模板；
⑤将板材之间的板缝用结构胶美缝处理；
⑥清理并撕掉保护膜，得到免模板免装饰现浇结构。
作为优选，所述A施工准备步骤①中，当水泥基人造石板材为超高性能人造石板材时，人造石板材原料按超高性能标准配置，其制板技术在振动的基本技术手段上，增加强压、抽真空为主要技术手段制备的。
作为优选，所述A施工准备步骤①中，所述锚固连接杆穿过保温材料层或隔音材料层或保温材料层和隔音材料层构成的复合材料层，并突出于保温材料层或隔音材料层或保温材料层和隔音材料层构成的复合材料层的外端。
作为优选，所述A施工准备步骤①中，所述水泥基人造石板材为弧形或矩形水泥基人造石板材。
作为优选，所述A施工准备步骤①中，水泥基人造石板材中设置 有网片。
作为优选，所述在金属骨架外围全部采用水泥基人造石板材围护。
作为优选，所述B施工安装步骤①中，锚固部与锚固连接杆为一体结构。
作为优选，所述B施工安装步骤①中，锚固连接杆主体上的锚固部与金属骨架连接。
作为优选，所述B施工安装步骤①中，锚固部还可与相对设置的另一水泥基人造石板材背部螺合的锚固连接杆或锚固连接杆上的锚固部互连。
作为优选，所述B施工安装步骤①中，所述支撑固定架为与地面固定的三角支撑架，三角支撑架根据高度的要求搭接组成，并紧贴在水泥基人造石板材表面。
作为优选，所述B施工安装步骤①中，支撑固定架为支撑架或多个横竖向的平面加固件相互固定连接，平面加固件为方管或槽钢或木方。
作为优选，所述B施工安装步骤②中在施工现场搭设满堂支撑脚手架，调平后在脚手架顶部铺设水泥基人造石板材，而后在水泥基人造石板材上方横向放置钢筋骨架，横向放置的钢筋骨架与四周的钢筋骨架绑扎固定。
本发明的人造石板材是以水泥基为主要材料制作而成，可采用混凝土领域最高标准的超高性能为配制标准，通过采用振动、强压、抽 真空的制板方法，在制作板材时植入整版互连的不锈钢网片和可以外挂连接的螺母，板材制作好后，其表面采用天然石材剥离原理形成的各种饰面，因此，能完全达到天然石材百年以上的使用寿命。水泥基人造石板材作为基材板时，表面可包裹极薄的金属能实现任意金属饰面效果；包裹布艺、皮革等软体饰面能实现这些材质的所有饰面效果；水泥基人造石板材表面采用涂印处理能实现任意饰面效果。水泥基人造石板材自身所具有的优异性能能达到最高的防火、防水、防蚀标准，能有效的防止泛碱、渗水，即使在板材表面重新粘贴布艺、墙纸等，也能使附着的饰面能达到极长的使用寿命。因此水泥基人造石板材完全能替代现有涂料、瓷砖、石材、木材等各种装饰材料，能实现这些材料在建筑内外的所有装饰效果，并能彻底解决这些材料普遍存在的各种缺陷。
自身具有超高强度和超高耐久性的水泥基人造石板材，在结合能使密实更高、水胶比更低的制板方法，加之整版互连的不锈钢网片和形成一体后具有极高挂装强度的螺母，从而使水泥基人造石板材能具有极高的抗折、抗拉、抗冲击性能，因此能完全承受浇筑混凝土时产生的冲击力和膨胀力，因而可完全替代现有钢、铝、木等各种模板。板材背部的预埋螺母所具有的强大螺合挂装力，能轻松灵活的通过螺合植入的锚固连接杆，将任意材质的保温材料和隔音材料夹合在板材背部，物理夹合形成的多功能板材，能解决现有主要通过化学胶粘连的保温装饰一体板所存在的各种缺陷。同时也是现有钢、铝、木等模板极难实现的。夹合保温、隔音材料并露出外部的锚固连接杆一端， 我们根据需要通过设置不同的锚固部，在作为模板围护钢筋骨架时，可与钢筋骨架互连，或与对向水泥基人造石板材互连，或直接悬置在钢筋骨架的内或外，并通过与现有模板基本相同的加固方式从外围将人造石板完全固定后，浇筑混凝土产生的膨胀力会被外围的加固件承载阻挡。混凝土浇筑后会将锚固连接杆延伸在钢筋骨架一端的锚固部全部覆盖，浇筑的混凝土完全凝固后，会将锚固部完全包裹，因此，能使设置成大于锚固连接杆横截面的锚固部产生极大的拉拔力，同时必然能使与锚固连接杆完全螺合互连的水泥基人造石板材，与现浇的钢筋混凝土结构完全成为一个互连的整体。具有装饰、保温、隔音三位一体功能的水泥基人造石板材，在替代模板现浇后，基于上述原理，从而能使现浇的建筑直接实现三位一体功能的成品建筑。
本发明采用水泥基人造石板材替代模板所形成的现浇建筑，不但能减少现有现浇施工的各种模板费，还能直接减少装模、拆模、修整及后期必须的装饰、保温、隔音的施工。不仅极大的减少了各种费用，还能使现浇的建筑全部直接实现具有精美的内外装饰、高效的双向保温隔热功能、极其静谧而且健康的室内环境的绿色节能建筑。同时采用水泥混凝土最高技术标准配置的超高性能的水泥基人造石板材，在采用现有制作超高性能极难实施的振动、强压、抽真空的制板方法后，完全能使水泥基的人造石板材达到现有水泥混凝土的性能极限。水泥基人造石板材在替代模板并与整个钢筋混凝土结构完全成为一个整体后，能达到C150以上超高强度的水泥基人造石板材作为现有主要为C30、C40钢筋混凝土结构的整体表面层，能完全阻隔紫外线、雨 水等各种有害物质对钢筋混凝土结构造成的各种侵蚀和破坏。因此，完全被水泥基人造石板材保护的钢筋混凝土结构，能比现有采用模板现浇的钢筋混凝结构，使用寿命能得到极大的提高。
本发明的水泥基人造石板材是以废弃的天然石材加工下脚料，或者自然界广泛存在的甚至会影响作物生长的杂石、碎石为主要材料，以工业废弃物硅灰、矿粉、粉煤灰等结合水泥为胶凝材料，生产不需高温烧制、无化学气味产生、加工产生的废弃物可重新使用，或制成其它建材，因而完全能达到零污染、零排放的最高环保标准。不含任何有害物质的水泥基人造石板材，在使用时能达到最高的健康要求，在添加纳米或表面纳米处理后，还能实现杀菌、自洁、净化空气等多种有益功能。所具有的超高强度和超高耐久性能，还能超过绿色建材最高要求的高强度和高耐久标准，板材拆除后可重新处理成全新的饰面板材，也可破碎后重新加工成新的产品，因此完全能达到绿色建材的最高标准。本发明采用水泥基人造石板材替代模板现浇的建筑，能使建筑直接实现高效节能的绿色建筑。因此本发明是一项利国利民的创新技术。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明另一种结构示意图；
图3为图2中A处的放大图；
图4为图2中B处的放大图；
图5为图2中C处的放大图；
图6为本发明为现浇框架结构的示意图；
图7为本发明现浇结构添加楼板现浇的示意图；
图8为本发明为带门或窗的现浇剪力墙结构的示意图。
图中：1‐水泥基人造石板材；2-网片；3-螺母；4-锚固连接杆；5-保温材料层；6-隔音材料层；7-金属骨架；8-钢筋砼；9-锚固部；10-楼板。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
如图1所示，现浇结构为现浇墙板时，金属骨架7为钢筋骨架。
A.制作准备
①水泥基人造石板材1是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，以振动为基本制板技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成水泥基人造石板材1，水泥基人造石板材1的正面通过剥离、涂印、粘连、裹覆等方式中的一种形成饰面层；水泥基人造石板材1的背部埋设有螺母3，螺母3与锚固连接杆4的一端螺纹连接，水泥基人造石板材1外表面可覆保护膜备用；
②现场准备：在现场施工放线，并将钢筋在施工现场固定成所需的钢筋骨架。
B.施工安装
①在钢筋骨架一面围护水泥基人造石板材1，该围护面以外的钢筋骨架外围通过模板围护；水泥基人造石板材1背部的锚固连接杆4主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状；并同时在水泥基人造石板材1的外侧设置支撑固定架；
②水泥基人造石板材1的外侧底部可设置L型固定件加固，L型固定件的一端用膨胀螺栓固定在地面上，L型固定件的另一端紧贴在水泥基人造石板材1上，同时水泥基人造石板材1、模板的外侧设置的支撑固定架可为与地面固定的三角支撑架，三角支撑架根据高度的要求可搭接组成，多个三角支撑架之间可设置多个平面加固件，如方管、槽钢、木方等，紧贴在水泥基人造石板材1表面；
③如需预埋水电管线和开关插座，在浇注混凝土之前先预埋好。
C.混凝土浇注
①在完全围护并固定好水泥基人造石板材1的钢筋骨架顶部浇注混凝土，浇注时可用细长的振捣棒插入振捣，直到最后浇注完成，形成钢筋砼8；
②锚固连接杆4的主体位于钢筋砼8内，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构；浇筑形成的钢筋砼8完全凝固后，其所形成的极 大结构力即会将锚固连接杆4极其锚固部9咬合，从而完全使水泥基人造石板材1和钢筋砼8固定成为一个互连的整体。
D.清理完成
①拆除施工现场的L型固定件、三角支撑架、模板，并将地面螺栓孔修补好；
②将板材之间的板缝用结构胶美缝处理；
③清理并撕掉保护膜，得到一面具有免装饰功能的现浇墙板建筑结构。
实施例2
如图2-5所示，现浇结构为现浇剪力墙结构时，金属骨架7为钢筋骨架。
A.制作准备
①与实施例1不同的是：在板材准备中，水泥基人造石板材1中设置有网片2，锚固连接杆4穿过保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层与水泥基人造石板材1背部的螺母3螺合，从而使水泥基人造石板材的1背部覆盖保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层；锚固连接杆4另一端根据需要突出于保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的外端；
②现场准备：在现场施工放线，并将钢筋在施工现场固定成所需的钢筋骨架(如剪力墙等)。
B.施工安装
①在剪力墙的钢筋骨架内外面围护有保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的水泥基人造石板材1，其两侧面通过模板围护；并根据需要可在水泥基人造石板材1背部锚固连接杆4上穿设透气防水膜，水泥基人造石板材1背部的锚固连接杆4主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状；还可与相对设置的另一水泥基人造石板材背部螺合的锚固连接杆4或锚固连接杆4上的锚固部9互连，并同时在水泥基人造石板材1的外侧设置支撑固定架；
②水泥基人造石板材1的内、外面底部可设置L型固定件加固，L型固定件的一端用膨胀螺栓固定在地面上，L型固定件的另一端紧贴在水泥基人造石板材1上，同时水泥基人造石板材1、模板的外侧设置的支撑固定架可为与地面固定的三角支撑架，三角支撑架根据高度的要求可搭接组成，多个三角支撑架之间可设置多个平面加固件，如方管、槽钢、木方等，紧贴在水泥基人造石板材1表面；
③如需预埋水电管线和开关插座，在浇注混凝土之前先预埋好。
C.混凝土浇注
①在完全固定好水泥基人造石板材1的钢筋骨架顶部浇注混凝土，浇注时可用细长的振捣棒插入振捣，直到最后浇注完成，形成钢筋砼8；
②锚固连接杆4的主体位于钢筋砼8内，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构；浇筑形成的钢筋砼8完全凝固后，其所形成的极 大结构力即会将锚固连接杆4极其锚固部9咬合，从而完全使水泥基人造石板材1和钢筋砼8固定成为一个互连的整体。
D.清理完成
①拆除施工现场的L型固定件、支撑固定架、模板，并将地面螺栓孔修补好；
②将板材之间的板缝用结构胶美缝处理；
③清理并撕掉保护膜，得到内外面具有装饰、保温、隔音功能的免装饰现浇剪力墙建筑结构。
实施例3
如图6所示，现浇结构为现浇框架结构时，网片2为不锈钢网片，金属骨架7为钢筋骨架，水泥基人造石板材1为超高性能水泥基人造石板材。
A.施工准备
①超高性能水泥基人造石板材是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，按超高性能标准配置，其制板技术在振动的基本技术手段上，增加强压、抽真空为主要技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成超高性能水泥基人造石板材；超高性能水泥基人造石板材的正面通过剥离、涂印、粘连、裹覆等方式中的一种形成饰面层；超高性能水泥基人造石板材中设置有不锈钢网片，超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部埋设有螺母3，螺母3与锚固连接杆4的一端螺纹连接，超高性能水泥基人造石板材外表面可覆保护膜备用；
②现场准备：在现场施工放线，并将钢筋在施工现场固定成所需的钢筋骨架(如柱、梁等)；
B.施工安装
①在柱的钢筋骨架外围四周围护有超高性能水泥基人造石板材，超高性能水泥基人造石板材为矩形超高性能水泥基人造石板材，超高性能水泥基人造石板材的外侧设置的支撑固定架，支撑固定架为支撑架或多个横竖向的平面加固件相互固定连接，支撑架根据高度的要求可搭接组成平面加固件为方管、槽钢、木方等；
②超高性能水泥基人造石板材为弧形超高性能水泥基人造石板材时，可用环箍加固；
③搭设满堂支撑脚手架，调平后在脚手架顶部铺设超高性能水泥基人造石板材，而后在超高性能水泥基人造石板材上方横向放置钢筋骨架，从而形成梁钢筋骨架，梁钢筋骨架的前、后面通过超高性能水泥基人造石板材围护，梁钢筋骨架左、右两端分别与两柱钢筋骨架顶端绑扎固定。
④如需预埋水电管线和开关插座，在浇注混凝土之前先预埋好；
C.混凝土浇注
①先在柱金属骨架上方注浇注混凝土、而后再在梁金属骨架上方依次浇注混凝土，浇注时可用细长的振捣棒插入振捣，直到最后浇注完成，浇注的混凝土凝固后形成钢筋砼8；
②锚固连接杆4的主体位于钢筋砼8内，在锚固连接杆4的主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何 形状，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构；浇筑形成的钢筋砼8完全凝固后，其所形成的极大结构力即会将锚固连接杆4极其锚固部9咬合，从而完全使超高性能水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼8固定成为一个互连的整体。
D.清理完成
①拆除施工现场上的支撑固定架、满堂支撑脚手架、模板；
②将板材之间的板缝用结构胶美缝处理；
③清理并撕掉保护膜，得到多功能的现浇框架结构。
实施例4
各种现浇结构的楼板现浇，金属骨架7为钢筋骨架。
A.施工准备
施工准备同实施例1；
B.施工安装
①搭设满堂支撑脚手架，调平后在脚手架顶部铺设覆盖有保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的水泥基人造石板材1，而后在水泥基人造石板材1上水平设置横向和纵向交错形成楼板10(如图7所示)的钢筋骨架，楼板10的钢筋骨架四周的端部穿置连接在剪力墙钢筋骨架上或梁柱的钢筋骨架上，并与其绑扎固定；
②如需预埋水电管线等，在浇注混凝土之前先预埋好。
C.混凝土浇注
①将搅拌好混凝土在楼板钢筋骨架上方浇筑，浇注时可用细长的振捣棒插入振捣，直到最后浇注完成，形成钢筋砼8；
②锚固连接杆4的主体位于钢筋砼8内，在锚固连接杆4的主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构；浇筑形成的钢筋砼8完全凝固后，其所形成的极大结构力即会将锚固连接杆4及其锚固部9咬合，从而完全使水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼8固定成为一个互连的整体。
D.清理完成
①拆除施工现场上的满堂支撑脚手架；
②将板材之间的板缝用结构胶美缝处理；
③清理并撕掉保护膜，得到多面具有免装饰功能的现浇楼板结构。
实施例5
如图8所示，现浇结构为带门或窗的现浇剪力墙结构时，水泥基人造石板材1为超高性能水泥基人造石板材。
A.施工准备
①超高性能水泥基人造石板材是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，按超高性能标准配置，其制板技术在振动的基本技术手段上，增加强压、抽真空为主要技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成超高性能水泥基人造石板材；超高性能水泥基人造石板材的正面通过剥离、涂印、粘连、裹覆等方式中的一种形成饰面层；超高性能水泥基人造石板材 中设置有网片2，超高性能水泥基人造石板材的背部埋设有螺母3，螺母3与锚固连接杆4的一端螺纹连接，锚固连接杆一端穿过保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层与超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部的螺母3螺合；锚固连接杆4另一端根据需要突出于保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的外端，超高性能水泥基人造石板材外表面可覆保护膜备用；
②现场准备：在现场施工放线，并将钢筋在施工现场固定成所需的钢筋骨架，并预留门或窗的位置(如带门或窗的现浇剪力墙等)。
B.施工安装
①在剪力墙的钢筋骨架外围围合安装覆盖有保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的超高性能水泥基人造石板材；并根据需要可在超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部锚固连接杆4上穿设透气防水膜，超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部的锚固连接杆4主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状；还可与相对设置的另一超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部螺合的锚固连接杆4或锚固连接杆4上的锚固部9互连，并同时在超高性能水泥基人造石板材的外侧设置支撑固定架；
②超高性能水泥基人造石板材的内、外侧底部可设置L型固定件加固，L型固定件的一端用膨胀螺栓固定在地面上，L型固定件的另一端紧贴在超高性能水泥基人造石板材上，同时超高性能水泥基人造石板材的外侧设置的支撑固定架可为与地面固定的三角支撑架，三 角支撑架根据高度的要求可搭接组成，多个三角支撑架之间可设置多个平面加固件，如方管、槽钢、木方等，紧贴在超高性能水泥基人造石板材表面；
③门、窗部位可将导角的多块超高性能水泥基人造石板材通过长钢条串连后，与两侧的超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部螺母3螺纹连接，具体而言：将长钢条放置在多块超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部，通过锚固连接杆4穿过长钢条上螺孔将其固定，并与侧面的超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部螺母3螺纹连接，其中长钢条可根据需要弯折一定的角度，实现不同的造型结构，并通过加固件在门或窗的洞口面夹合固定；
④如需预埋水电管线和开关插座，在浇注混凝土之前先预埋好。
C混凝土浇注、D清理完成均同实施例1；最后得到装饰、保温、隔音功能的带门或窗的现浇剪力墙结构。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    A.施工准备
    ①水泥基人造石板材(1)是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，以振动为基本制板技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成水泥基人造石板材，水泥基人造石板材(1)的正面通过剥离、涂印、粘连、裹覆等方式中的一种形成饰面层；水泥基人造石板材(1)的背部设埋设有螺母(3)，螺母(3)与锚固连接杆(4)的一端螺纹连接，水泥基人造石板材(1)外表面可覆保护膜备用；
    ②现场准备：在现场施工放线，并将钢筋在施工现场固定成所需的金属骨架(7)；
    B.施工安装
    ①在金属骨架(7)外围一面或一面以上围护有水泥基人造石板材(1)，该围护面以外的金属骨架(7)外围通过模板围护；水泥基人造石板材(1)背部的锚固连接杆(4)主体上设有锚固部(9)，锚固部(9)为大于锚固连接杆(4)截面积的任意几何形状，并同时在水泥基人造石板材(1)、模板的外侧设置支撑固定架；
    ②如需预埋水电管线和开关插座，在浇注混凝土之前先预埋好；
    C.混凝土浇注
    ①在围护的金属骨架(7)的顶部浇注混凝土，浇注时用细长的振捣棒插入振捣，直到最后浇注完成，形成钢筋砼(8)；
    D.清理完成
    ①拆除施工现场的支撑固定架和围护的模板；
    ②将板材之间的板缝用结构胶美缝处理；
    ③清理并撕掉保护膜，得到免模板免装饰现浇结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述A施工准备步骤①中，当水泥基人造石板材(1)为超高性能人造石板材时，人造石板材原料按超高性能标准配置，其制板技术在振动的基本技术手段上，增加强压、抽真空为主要技术手段制备的。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述A施工准备步骤①中，所述锚固连接杆(4)穿过保温材料层(5)或隔音材料层(6)或保温材料层(5)和隔音材料层(6)构成的复合材料层，并突出于保温材料层(5)或隔音材料层(6)或保温材料层(5)和隔音材料层(6)构成的复合材料层的外端。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述B施工安装步骤①中，所述在金属骨架(7)外围全部采用水泥基人造石板材(1)围护。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述B施工安装步骤①中，所述锚固部(9)与锚固连接杆(4)为一体结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法， 其特征在于：所述B施工安装步骤①中，所述锚固连接杆(4)主体上的锚固部(9)与金属骨架(7)连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述B施工安装步骤①中，所述锚固部(9)还与相对设置的另一水泥基人造石板材背部螺合的锚固连接杆(4)或锚固连接杆(4)上的锚固部(9)互连。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述B施工安装步骤①中，所述支撑固定架为与地面固定的三角支撑架，三角支撑架根据高度的要求搭接组成，并紧贴在水泥基人造石板材(1)表面。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述B施工安装步骤①中，所述支撑固定架为支撑架或多个横竖向的平面加固件相互固定连接，平面加固件为方管或槽钢或木方。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种免模板免装饰现浇结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述B施工安装步骤②中在施工现场搭设满堂支撑脚手架，调平后在脚手架顶部铺设水泥基人造石板材(1)，而后在水泥基人造石板材(1)上方放置钢筋骨架，放置的钢筋骨架与四周的钢筋骨架绑扎固定。
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