WO2024053871A1 - 배터리 관리 장치, 배터리 팩, 전기 차량 및 배터리 관리 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 장치, 배터리 팩, 전기 차량 및 배터리 관리 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024053871A1 WO2024053871A1 PCT/KR2023/011365 KR2023011365W WO2024053871A1 WO 2024053871 A1 WO2024053871 A1 WO 2024053871A1 KR 2023011365 W KR2023011365 W KR 2023011365W WO 2024053871 A1 WO2024053871 A1 WO 2024053871A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
- B60L2260/40—Control modes
- B60L2260/44—Control modes by parameter estimation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery management device that differentially applies a balancing process to each of a plurality of battery cells according to the electrical state of each of the plurality of battery cells.
- 'battery cells' or 'cells' Commercially available rechargeable secondary batteries (hereinafter referred to as 'battery cells' or 'cells') include nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, nickel zinc batteries, and lithium secondary batteries.
- lithium secondary batteries are nickel secondary batteries. Compared to other types of secondary batteries, the memory effect rarely occurs, allowing free charging and discharging, and has the advantage of a very low self-discharge rate. In addition, it has high energy density and high operating voltage, so it can be used more intensively than other types of secondary batteries. Not only is it being studied, but it is also being applied more extensively to actual products.
- battery cells have been widely used not only in small devices such as portable electronic devices, but also in medium-to-large devices such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESS).
- ESS energy storage systems
- a battery module in which a plurality of electrically connected battery cells are stored together inside the module case is mainly applied. Furthermore, when high power or large capacity is required, a plurality of battery modules electrically connected in series and/or parallel are included. A battery pack may also be used.
- balancing is used to control the electrical characteristics (voltage, SOC, etc.) between multiple battery cells included in the battery to be uniform (including an appropriate error range) by appropriately using charging or discharging circuits to optimize battery performance. A balancing process is being applied.
- Multiple battery cells have uneven electrical characteristics (e.g., voltage or SOC, etc.) due to differences in individual dynamic states resulting from material characteristics such as internal resistance, artificial deviations due to the usage environment, and cooling efficiency and capacity. A phenomenon occurs.
- the balancing process is a method to solve this problem, and can provide effects such as maintaining stable performance of the battery, increasing service life, and increasing output efficiency by continuously controlling a plurality of battery cells to maintain a uniform electrical state.
- the balancing process is applied by charging battery cells with relatively low electrical characteristics through a separate power source, transferring energy from battery cells with relatively high electrical characteristics to battery cells with relatively low electrical characteristics, etc.
- a method of discharging battery cells with relatively high electrical characteristics through a resistance circuit (load circuit), etc. is mainly applied.
- this balancing is performed based only on formal values measured or calculated externally, such as the voltage of the battery cell, without considering the actual characteristics of the battery cell.
- the electrical characteristics become relatively lower than other battery cells during discharge.
- the conventional balancing process discharges normal battery cells with high electrical characteristics. Since it is done in a way that is ordered, it can cause problems such as unnecessary consumption of available resources.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a battery management device and method that can further optimize the driving performance of a battery module by selectively or differentially performing a balancing process for at least one of the battery cells.
- a battery management device for a battery module including a plurality of battery cells.
- the battery management device includes a state monitoring unit configured to obtain a plurality of cell state parameters indicating the electrical state of each of the plurality of battery cells, to suppress the deviation of the electrical state between the plurality of battery cells,
- a balancing processor configured to perform a balancing process, which is a procedure for selectively discharging or charging each of the battery cells, and to perform a balancing process on at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of cell state parameters.
- a control unit configured to control the balancing processing unit.
- the battery management device may further include a cell classification unit that classifies each of the plurality of battery cells as a depleted cell or a normal cell based on the plurality of cell state parameters.
- the control unit may be configured to control the balancing processing unit so that the balancing process is differentially performed based on the cell state parameters of the degenerated cell and the cell state parameters of the normal cell.
- the control unit may be configured to control the balancing processor to perform the balancing process on the degenerated cell when the cell state parameter of the degenerated cell is greater than the cell state parameter of the normal cell.
- the cell state parameter may represent at least one of voltage and state of charge (SOC).
- the cell classification unit includes an input unit configured to obtain the plurality of cell state parameters from the state monitoring unit, and a plurality of cells indicating behavior characteristics of the electrical state of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of cell state parameters. It may include a calculation processing unit configured to calculate a behavior parameter, and a selection unit configured to classify each of the plurality of battery cells as the deteriorated cell or the normal cell based on a relative difference between the behavior parameters of the plurality of cells.
- the cell behavior parameter may include a change rate of the cell state parameter.
- the cell classification unit may be configured to classify each battery cell mapped to n (n is a natural number equal to or greater than 1) cell behavior parameters that are ranked highest among the plurality of cell behavior parameters in order of size as the deteriorated cell.
- the cell behavior parameter may include a change rate of the cell state parameter.
- the cell classification unit satisfies both that the cell behavior parameter during the charging process of the battery module is greater than or equal to a first reference value and that the cell behavior parameter during the discharging process of the battery module is greater than or equal to a second reference value. It may be configured to select as the degenerated cell.
- the state monitoring unit is a module state parameter indicating the electrical state of the battery module and may be configured to obtain the SOC of the battery module.
- the control unit may be configured to control the balancing processing unit to perform the balancing process on the depleted cell under the condition that the module state parameter is greater than or equal to a reference SOC during charging of the battery module.
- the battery management device includes a SOC information storage unit configured to store first SOC time series data and second SOC time series data, and configured to calculate SOC statistical values based on the first SOC time series data and second SOC time series data. It may further include a statistics processing unit, and a reference setting unit configured to set the reference SOC to be the same as the SOC statistical value.
- the first SOC time series data represents the SOC of the battery module at the start of each of the first to (k-1) charging processes performed in the past for the battery module. May include SOC.
- the second SOC time series data may include first to (k-1)th end SOCs indicating the SOC of the battery module at the end of each of the first to (k-1)th charging processes. k is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.
- the statistical processing unit may be configured to calculate the SOC statistical value further based on the SOH of the battery module.
- the statistical processing unit may be configured to determine a reference number based on the SOH of the battery module.
- the statistical processing unit may be configured to extract the (k-j)th to (k-1)th starting SOC from the first SOC time series data.
- the statistical processing unit may be configured to extract the (k-j)th to (k-1)th end SOCs from the second SOC time series data.
- the statistical processing unit may be configured to calculate the SOC statistical value equal to the average value of the (k-j)th to (k-1)th starting SOC and the (k-j)th to (k-1)th ending SOC. there is.
- j is the above reference number.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes the battery management device.
- An electric vehicle includes the battery pack.
- a battery management method can be executed by the battery management device.
- the battery management method includes the steps of the state monitoring unit acquiring the plurality of cell state parameters indicating the electrical state of each of the plurality of battery cells, and the control unit determining the difference in the electrical state between the plurality of battery cells. and controlling the balancing processor to perform the balancing process on at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells, based on the plurality of cell state parameters.
- the controlling of the balancing processor includes classifying each of the plurality of battery cells into a depleted cell or a normal cell based on the plurality of cell state parameters, and the cell state parameter of the degenerated cell and the cell state of the normal cell. It may include controlling the balancing processing unit to differentially perform the balancing process based on parameters.
- the step of controlling the balancing processor includes obtaining the SOC of the battery module as a module state parameter indicating the electrical state of the battery module, and under the condition that the module state parameter is greater than or equal to the reference SOC during charging of the battery module. , It may include controlling the balancing processing unit to perform the balancing process for the degenerated cell.
- operating conditions that do not cause weakening of the driving performance of the battery module are identified using time-series changes in the electrical state and/or behavior characteristics of each of the plurality of battery cells, and the identified A balancing process may be selectively performed on at least one of the plurality of battery cells while the operating conditions are satisfied.
- each of a plurality of battery cells of a battery module be accurately classified as a normal cell or a deteriorated cell, but also the classification result can be organically applied to the control operation for the balancing process. By incorporating it, the performance of the battery module can be improved.
- the usable capacity of the normal cells in consideration of differences in behavior characteristics between normal cells and degenerated cells, not only can the problem of output being unnecessarily limited, but problems such as persistent performance degradation or shortened lifespan can also be effectively solved.
- the swing range of SOC (State of Charge), which is the main use range of the battery module, is based on the charging history and/or discharging history that the battery module has passed through.
- SOC State of Charge
- the efficiency of the balancing process can be improved by calculating statistical values for and using these statistical values as a kind of standard for differential implementation of the balancing process.
- the balancing process may be performed only on battery cells classified as one type of degraded cells and normal cells. If the balancing process is performed targeting only degraded cells instead of normal cells, there is an advantage that the state difference between normal cells and degenerated cells is quickly resolved. When the balancing process is performed on only normal cells instead of degenerated cells, the charging and discharging of the degenerated cells is reduced by the balancing process, which helps equalize the lifespan deviation between normal cells and degenerated cells.
- the present invention may have various other effects, and these will be described in each implementation configuration, or the description of effects that can be easily inferred by those skilled in the art will be omitted.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the cell classification unit shown in FIG. 1.
- Figure 3 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the reference processing unit shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a battery management method executable by the battery management device shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating another example of a battery management method executable by the battery management device shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a battery management method executable by the battery management device shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a process for classifying each of a plurality of battery cells as a normal cell or a deteriorated cell.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a process executable by the battery management device shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart referenced to explain the determination process of the standard SOC.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram referenced to exemplarily explain changes in SOC of a battery cell over time.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram used to explain the behavior characteristics of normal cells and degenerated cells, respectively.
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the dotted line area shown in FIG. 12.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram referenced to explain a process of differentially performing a balancing process for degraded cells and normal cells according to a reference SOC.
- Figure 15 is a diagram referenced to explain the differential balancing process performed when the reference SOC is 80%.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram referenced for schematically explaining an example of the balancing processor shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram referenced for schematically explaining another example of the balancing processor shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.
- control unit> refers to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and may be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a battery management method executable by the battery management device shown in FIG. 1. .
- the battery pack 10 includes a battery module 50 and a battery management device 100.
- the battery module 50 includes a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N).
- N is a natural number of 2 or more and may represent the total number of battery cells included in the battery module 50.
- a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) may be electrically connected to each other in series.
- symbol 51 may be used to refer to the battery cell.
- the battery cell 51 is shown as a single object in FIG. 1, this is only one example, and according to the embodiment, the battery cell 51 is a cell assembly in which a plurality of cell units connected in parallel are grouped together. Of course it is possible.
- the battery management device 100 may monitor the electrical status of each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) and the electrical status of the battery module 50.
- the battery management device 100 performs and controls a balancing process of a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N).
- the battery management device 100 may include a measurement unit 110, a state monitoring unit 120, a balancing unit 130, a control unit 140, a cell classification unit 150, and an interface unit 160.
- the battery management device 100 can be implemented through various combinations of electronic devices and components such as storage means, operation processing means, and input/output means. It should be understood that each component of the battery management device 100 shown in FIG. 1 may be physically separated, or alternatively, may be functionally or logically separated.
- each configuration corresponds to a logical component for realizing the technical idea of the present invention, so even if each component is integrated or separated, if the function performed by the logical configuration of the present invention can be realized, the present invention It should be interpreted as being within the scope, and any component that performs the same or similar function should be interpreted as being within the scope of the present invention, regardless of whether the name matches or whether the composition is divided or integrated.
- the configuration of the present invention shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is also similar to this.
- the state monitoring unit 120 calculates a plurality of cell state parameters indicating the electrical state of each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) and/or a module state parameter indicating the electrical state of the battery module 50 ( S520, see Figure 5).
- the module state parameter is an electrical characteristic based on the entire battery module 50 and may depend on a plurality of cell state parameters.
- the module state parameter may be a value representing a plurality of cell state parameters. For example, the SOC of the battery module 50 as a module state parameter may be determined to be equal to the average SOC of a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) according to a plurality of cell state parameters.
- the state monitoring unit 120 may be linked with the measuring unit 110, which may be implemented with various voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, measuring devices, etc. known at the time of filing.
- the measuring unit 110 measures the electrical characteristics (voltage, current, and/or temperature) of a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) or the battery module 50 (S510)
- the status monitoring unit 120 Measurements of the electrical characteristics of the cell 51 may be collected (acquired) at a fixed sampling rate or at a variable sampling rate. At this time, the measured value of the electrical characteristics of the battery cell 51 itself may be a cell state parameter.
- the state monitoring unit 120 applies a functional calculation process to the measured values of the electrical characteristics of the battery cell 51 to determine the cell state parameters of the battery cell 51 and the module of the battery module 50.
- the cell state parameter represents the electrical state of the battery cell 51 and may include at least one of voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH).
- SOC state of charge
- SOH state of health
- cell state parameters can be periodically generated per unit time, which can be variably set according to the design of hardware or software.
- the acquisition period of the cell state parameter may be set shorter, and as the rate of discharging or charging decreases, the acquisition period of the cell state parameter may be set longer.
- the correspondence relationship between the rate of discharging or charging and the acquisition period of cell state parameters may be recorded in advance as a lookup table.
- the cell state parameter and/or module state parameter refers to the charging process in which power is supplied (stored) to the battery module 50 from an external power supply device so that the electrical state or behavior characteristics of the battery cell 51 can be more precisely identified.
- the balancing processing unit 130 is a component that performs a balancing process on a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) constituting the battery module 50, and as is well known, it includes relays (switches), load resistors, and timers. It may include hardware configurations such as the like. Of course, the balancing processor 130 may be electrically connected to the battery cell 51 and configured to perform functions such as discharging and/or charging the corresponding battery cell 51 according to a control signal, etc. The hardware implementation of the balancing processor 130 will be described separately later with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.
- the control unit 140 When the module state parameter of the battery module 50 is generated, the control unit 140 performs a procedure (S530) to determine whether the module state parameter satisfies a predetermined specific condition that triggers execution of the balancing process.
- the specific condition may be a combination of (i) the module state parameter being higher than the reference SOC and (ii) the voltage of the degenerated cell being higher than the voltage of the normal cell.
- the specific condition may be a combination of (i) the module state parameter being below the reference SOC and (ii) the voltage of the normal cell being higher than the voltage of the degenerated cell. If the value of step S530 is “Yes,” the control unit 140 controls the balancing processor 130 to perform a balancing process on at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) (S540) ).
- the process of the present invention described above can be designed to be applied cyclically so that continuous battery management can be maintained if there are no events such as power OFF, firmware replacement, or satisfaction of preset termination conditions.
- the step (S550) of checking whether the termination condition is satisfied may be omitted.
- the termination condition may be, for example, that the voltage deviation (e.g., difference between the maximum voltage and minimum voltage) of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) is within a predetermined allowable range.
- the battery management device 100 when a balancing event occurs in which the voltage deviation of any battery cell (e.g., #1) among the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) becomes more than the standard deviation, the battery cell ( For example, instead of immediately performing the balancing process for #1), the balancing process precedes a negative situation in which performance degradation of the battery module 50, etc., or deterioration of the battery cell (e.g., #1) may occur. It can be judged negatively.
- any battery cell e.g., #1
- the balancing process precedes a negative situation in which performance degradation of the battery module 50, etc., or deterioration of the battery cell (e.g., #1) may occur. It can be judged negatively.
- the battery management device 100 performs the balancing process on the battery cell (e.g., #1). It is structured as possible.
- the voltage deviation of any battery cell may mean the difference between the average voltage value of a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) and the voltage value of the battery cell (e.g., #1). there is.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating another example of a battery management method executable by the battery management device shown in FIG. 1.
- the state monitoring unit 120 acquires a plurality of cell state parameters indicating the electrical state of each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) (S610).
- the state monitoring unit 120 may generate and store cell state parameters of each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) through collaboration with the measuring unit 110.
- the state monitoring unit 120 may utilize the cell state parameters measured by the measuring unit 110 as is, but may also affect the signal output from the measuring unit 110 due to signal interference, distortion, disturbance, etc. If noise components such as impulses or fluctuation waves are included, a hardware configuration that appropriately adjusts or filters them is included in the status monitoring unit 120, or an algorithm that processes them in software is used to determine the status. It may be mounted on the monitoring unit 120.
- the battery management device 100 through a comparison procedure for the electrical state and/or behavior characteristics of a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N), matches the battery cells (hereinafter referred to as 'normal cells') corresponding to the normal category. ) and battery cells with relatively deteriorated behavior characteristics (hereinafter referred to as 'deteriorated cells') are classified in a time series manner over time, and the results are used to perform a balancing process on a plurality of battery cells (#1). This corresponds to an embodiment in which ⁇ #N) is differentially applied.
- the voltage value has the advantage of being able to be measured or generated with a relatively simple circuit configuration (such as a configuration that measures the voltage difference between both ends of the battery cell 51), as well as the intrinsic characteristics of the battery cell 51 externally. Since it has clear representation characteristics, when using this as raw data, it is possible to clearly estimate and select whether or not the cell is degenerated.
- the cell state parameter is not particularly limited as long as it can represent the electrical state of the battery cell 51 as described above, and typically includes the voltage value of the battery cell 51.
- the cell classification unit 150 determines the plurality of battery cells (# Using each voltage value (#1 ⁇ #N), each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 ⁇ #N) of the battery module 50 can be classified as a degenerated cell or a normal cell (S620). Details of an embodiment of the present invention for classifying normal cells and degenerated cells will be described later.
- control unit 140 controls the balancing processor 130 to perform the balancing process differentially according to the cell state parameters of the degenerated cell and the normal cell (S640).
- step S630 the control unit 140 may determine whether the module state parameter meets a predetermined specific condition that triggers execution of the balancing process. Step S630 may be performed under the condition that the module state parameter is greater than or equal to the reference SOC or the module state parameter is less than or equal to the reference SOC.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram referenced to explain a process of differentially performing a balancing process for degraded cells and normal cells according to a reference SOC.
- the control unit 140 may control the balancing process for degenerated cells to be performed (S640). For example, when the module state parameter is higher than the reference SOC, the control unit 140 performs a balancing process for the degenerated cell in a time section (see symbol 'DA' in FIG. 14) where the voltage of the degenerated cell is higher than the voltage of the normal cell. The balancing processing unit 130 (see FIG. 16) can be controlled to perform this. As another example, when the module state parameter is below the reference SOC, the control unit 140 performs a balancing process for the degenerated cell in a time section (see symbol 'DI' in FIG. 14) where the voltage of the normal cell is higher than the voltage of the degenerated cell. The balancing processing unit 130 (see FIG. 17) can be controlled to perform this.
- the balancing process for a depleted cell may mean a balancing process for each battery cell classified as a degenerated cell among a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N).
- step S630 if the value of step S630 is “No”, the balancing processor 130 may be controlled to deactivate the balancing process for both degenerated cells and normal cells.
- the above-described process can also be configured to be applied recursively depending on whether the termination condition is met or not, as described above.
- the step (S650) of checking whether the termination condition is satisfied may be omitted.
- the cell classification unit 150 may include an input unit 151, an operation processing unit 153, and a selection unit 155.
- the behavior characteristics of the battery cell 51 will be examined, and then the specific function of the selection unit 150 that organically reflects these behavior characteristics to select a degenerated cell and a normal cell will be described later. Let me explain it in detail.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram referenced to exemplarily explain changes in the SOC of the battery cell 51 over time.
- the SOC of the battery cell 51 may be included as a cell state parameter of the battery cell 51.
- the battery cell 51 has a behavior characteristic in which the voltage value rises (increases) during the charging period (t0 to t1). Therefore, the battery cell 51 has a behavior characteristic in which the SOC estimated by applying a functional operation to the voltage value also increases (increases).
- the SOC in (51) remains constant.
- the voltage value and SOC of the battery cell 51 have a falling (decreasing) behavior characteristic.
- the charging period (t4 to t5) may proceed again through an external power supply means, etc., and the voltage value and SOC of the battery cell 51 rises again during the charging period (t4 ⁇ t5).
- the behavior characteristics of the battery cell 51 repeat in time series during charging, resting, and/or discharging.
- Figure 11 is a graph shown based on an embodiment in which full charge (SOC 100%) and complete discharge (SOC 0%) are performed.
- SOC 100% full charge
- SOC 0% complete discharge
- the behavior characteristics in which the SOC of the battery cell 51 increases (slope S1) during charging and the SOC of the battery cell 51 decreases (slope S2) when discharging occurs are based on the essential characteristics of the battery cell 51. It applies.
- the behavior characteristics of the battery cell 51 are shown to change linearly with time for convenience of explanation.
- the actual behavior characteristics of the battery cell 51 may include a mixture of linearity and nonlinearity.
- the measurement and generation of electrical characteristics is performed intermittently at specific periods, unlike the drawing, if post-processing such as interpolation is not considered, it may be done discontinuously.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram referenced to explain the behavior characteristics of each normal cell (N-Cell) and degenerated cell (D-Cell), and FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the dotted line area (B) shown in FIG. 12.
- the voltage value of both a normal cell (N-Cell) and a degenerated cell (D-Cell) increases during charging and decreases during discharging.
- the battery cell 51 with a relatively increased internal resistance is different from other battery cells 51 due to the increased internal resistance even when the same amount of current is introduced, according to the general law (Ohm's law) based on the correlation between voltage and current. In contrast, a relatively high voltage rise occurs. In other words, even if a relatively small current flows in, the voltage rises to the same level as that of other battery cells 51.
- SOC can be calculated functionally based on the voltage of the battery cell 51, so SOC also has characteristic changes corresponding to changes in voltage.
- discharge is when the amount of charge (charge, current component) stored in the battery cell 51 is discharged to the outside. Therefore, when the same amount of current is discharged to the outside, the difference in internal resistance causes the discharge of other battery cells.
- the voltage drop is relatively larger than in (51).
- the voltage of the degenerated cell (D-Cell) increases significantly from Va2 to Va1, while the voltage of the normal cell (N-Cell) increases from Vb2 to Vb2. It rises slightly to Vb1. That is, in the case of a degenerated cell (D-Cell), the amount of voltage change over the same charging period is relatively larger than that of a normal cell (N-Cell).
- the behavior characteristics of the charging and discharging process are shown to correspond (symmetrically) to each other, but the charging and discharging are influenced by external factors such as external power supply means, power characteristics of load means (electric motors, etc.), and specifications.
- external factors such as external power supply means, power characteristics of load means (electric motors, etc.), and specifications.
- the behavior characteristics of the charging and discharging process may not correspond (symmetry) due to the electrochemical properties each has inherently.
- ⁇ t is a predetermined small time.
- SD is the rate of change of the voltage value as a cell characteristic parameter of the degenerated cell (D-Cell).
- SN is the rate of change of voltage value as a cell characteristic parameter of a normal cell (N-Cell). Therefore, during the charging process, SD has a larger value than SN, and during the discharging process, SD has a larger value than SN (based on absolute value).
- the level of performance degradation of the battery cell 51 can be effectively identified based on the voltage value at a specific timing of the battery cell 51 and/or the change trend (cell behavior parameter) of the voltage value over time. do.
- the degree of deterioration of each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) is determined through relative comparison of the magnitude (absolute value magnitude) of the change rate per hour of the cell state parameters of each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N).
- the size can be quantified mathematically. That is, the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) may be ranked in descending or ascending order based on each cell behavior parameter (corresponding to the degree of degradation).
- the cell classification unit 150 classifies each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) based on a plurality of cell behavior parameters indicating the behavior characteristics of the electrical state of each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N). It is configured to classify as degenerated cells (D-Cell) or normal cells (N-Cell).
- D-Cell degenerated cells
- N-Cell normal cells
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a battery management method executable by the battery management device shown in FIG. 1.
- the operation processing unit 153 calculates a cell behavior parameter indicating the behavior characteristics of the cell state parameter of the battery cell 51 (S720).
- cell state parameters e.g., voltage, SOC, etc.
- the cell behavior parameters of any battery cell 51 may include the rate of change per time of the cell state parameter of the battery cell 51.
- the hourly change rate of SOC or the size difference of SOC generated through functional processing of the difference value and voltage value of electrical characteristics at a plurality of points in time or a plurality of time sections may be used as the behavior characteristic. You can.
- the selection unit 155 determines the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) based on the relative differences between the cell behavior parameters corresponding one-to-one (#1 ⁇ #N) Each is classified as a degenerated cell (D-Cell) or a normal cell (N-Cell).
- step S730 If the number of target cells identified in step S730 is less than or equal to a set number (n, a natural number greater than or equal to 1 but less than N), all identified target cells may be classified as degenerated cells. If the number of target cells identified in step S730 exceeds the set number (n), step S740 may be executed.
- n a natural number greater than or equal to 1 but less than N
- step S740 the selection unit 155 sorts the plurality of cell behavior parameters one-to-one mapped to the plurality of target cells identified in step S730 in order of size, and sets the cell behavior parameters of the set number (n) corresponding to the higher rank.
- Each battery cell mapped to can be selected as a depleted cell (D-Cell) (S740).
- D-Cells depleted cells
- step S740 Each of the remaining battery cells that are not selected as depleted cells (D-Cells) in step S740 are classified as normal cells.
- the setting number (n) may be a predetermined constant.
- the selection unit 155 may include battery efficiency, current output characteristics, specifications of the load means (electric motor, etc.), durability of the battery cell, use period of the battery cell, charge/discharge cycle, environmental information such as SOH, etc. Based on this, the setting number (n) can be determined.
- the above-described process can also be configured to be applied recursively depending on whether the termination condition is met or not, as described above.
- the step (S750) of checking whether the termination condition is satisfied may be omitted.
- the selection unit 155 selects a battery cell (hereinafter referred to as a 'target cell') whose cell behavior parameters (such as the rate of change per hour of the cell state parameter or its absolute value) of the battery cell 51 are equal to or greater than the reference value. It may be configured to determine whether it exists (S730) and then select at least one of the target cell(s) as a degenerated cell (D-Cell) (S740).
- a 'target cell' whose cell behavior parameters (such as the rate of change per hour of the cell state parameter or its absolute value) of the battery cell 51 are equal to or greater than the reference value. It may be configured to determine whether it exists (S730) and then select at least one of the target cell(s) as a degenerated cell (D-Cell) (S740).
- the reference value (may also be referred to as 'reference rate of change') is a change rate that has a range of the calculated average value, weighted average value, and standard deviation of the cell behavior parameters of all battery cells (#1 to #N) constituting the battery module 50. , the average value excluding the maximum and minimum, etc.
- the reference value may be individually predetermined for each of charging and discharging.
- the number by which the number of normal cells (N-Cells) can be greater than the number of degenerated cells (D-Cells) may be set as a reference value. For example, if the total number N of battery cells (#1 to #N) included in the battery module 50 is 30, the number of battery cells 51 classified as normal cells (N-Cell) is at least 16. A value that can be more than one value can be set as the standard rate of change.
- the time section during which the balancing process is inactivated be optimized, but also the energy consumption of the discharge cell (D-Cell) due to the balancing process is appropriately limited, so that the output performance of the entire battery module 50 is normal. It can be maintained so as not to deviate significantly from the range.
- D-Cell discharge cell
- the control unit 140 operates at least for a time, as shown in FIG. 12.
- the time section DA may belong to the charging period of the battery module 50, and in the time section DA, the voltage value of the degenerated cell (D-Cell) is greater than or equal to the voltage value of the normal cell (N-Cell).
- the control unit 140 operates in a section DI where the voltage value of the degenerated cell (D-Cell) is smaller than the voltage value of the normal cell (N-Cell), that is, the voltage value of the normal cell (N-Cell) is lower than the voltage value of the normal cell (N-Cell). D-Cell), the balancing process is controlled so that even if a voltage deviation occurs, the balancing process is not performed.
- the time interval DI may belong to the discharge period of the battery module 50.
- the battery management device 100 differentially performs the balancing process using the selection of normal cells (N-Cell) and degenerated cells (D-Cell) and the behavior characteristics of their electrical characteristics (voltage value, etc.). You can. Table 1 below is an example of operating conditions referenced for carrying out the balancing process.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a process for classifying each of a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) into a normal cell (N-Cell) or a deteriorated cell (D-Cell).
- the operation processing unit 153 operates on the battery cell 51.
- the selection unit 155 may be configured to select a degenerated cell (D-Cell), etc. based on each charging procedure and discharging procedure.
- D-Cell degenerated cell
- the selection unit 155 sorts the plurality of cell behavior parameters mapped one-to-one to the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) in order of size, Battery cells (#1 ⁇ #N) can be ranked.
- the selection unit 155 selects the cells obtained during the charging process based on a plurality of cell behavior parameters representing the behavior characteristics of each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) input in time series from the calculation processing unit 153.
- the cell behavior parameters obtained during the charging process may be referred to as first cell behavior parameters, and the cell behavior parameters obtained during the discharging process may be referred to as second cell behavior parameters.
- the first reference value may be an average value of first cell behavior parameters of a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N).
- the second reference value may be an average value of the second cell behavior parameters of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N).
- the time length of the charging process for determining the first cell behavior parameter and the time length of the discharging process for determining the second cell behavior parameter may each be set to a predetermined reference time or more.
- the process of checking whether the cell behavior parameters of each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) are greater than or equal to the first reference value based on the time of charging and the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) based on the time of discharging A process of checking whether each cell behavior parameter is greater than or equal to the second reference value may be performed in advance.
- the selection unit 155 selects the battery cell 51 identified as having a cell behavior parameter equal to or higher than a reference value in both the charging process and the discharging process as a degenerated cell (D-Cell) among the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N). It can be configured to select (S850).
- step S850 the selection unit 155 determines that the number of battery cells corresponding to both the first and second target cells among the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) is a threshold number (m, where m is 1 or more and less than N). (a natural number of) or less, each of the battery cells corresponding to both the first and second target cells can be selected as a depleted cell (D-Cell).
- the selection unit 155 selects the first and second target cells.
- a critical number (m) of battery cells can be selected as depleted cells (D-Cells) (S850).
- each of the critical number (m) of battery cells may be selected as a depleted cell (D-Cell) in descending order of the average values of the cell behavior parameters related to the charging process and the cell behavior parameters related to the discharging process.
- the critical number (m) may be a predetermined constant. Alternatively, the critical number ( It is desirable that m) is configured to be set variably.
- the control unit 140 may intentionally not perform the balancing process for the normal cell (N-Cell) in a time section in which the voltage of the normal cell (N-Cell) is maintained higher than the voltage of the degenerated cell (D-Cell). . On the other hand, it is possible to control the balancing process for the degenerated cell (D-Cell) to be performed only in a time period when the voltage of the degenerated cell (D-Cell) is maintained higher than the voltage of the normal cell (N-Cell).
- N-Cell normal cell
- D degenerated cell
- the control unit 140 may be configured to transmit various information and data generated by the above-described process to an external control device 200 installed in an electric vehicle, etc. through the interface unit 160.
- the control unit 140 may be configured to perform various processes according to the present invention based on a control signal or setting value received from the external control device 200 through the interface unit 160.
- the cell classification unit 150 or the control unit 140 confirms that a battery cell (e.g., #1) that is continuously selected as a deteriorated cell (D-Cell) for more than a certain period of time or repeatedly more than a certain number of times is identified, the battery cell It may be configured to transmit alarm information about the need for replacement of a cell (eg, #1) to the external control device 200 through the interface unit 160.
- a battery cell e.g., #1
- D-Cell deteriorated cell
- the identification information of the battery cell 51 constituting the battery module 50 is databased in advance, information physically specifying the battery cell 51 classified as a depleted cell (D-Cell), as well as the alarm information It can be transmitted to the external control device 200 together with.
- D-Cell depleted cell
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart explaining a process executable by the battery management device shown in FIG. 3.
- the battery pack 10 shown in FIG. 3 includes a battery module 50 and a battery management device 100.
- the battery management device 100 differentially performs the balancing process for each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) by reflecting statistical values calculated based on the standard SOC or the user's charging and discharging pattern. It is provided to be controlled as much as possible.
- FIG. 3 shows the reference processing unit 170 replaced with the cell classification unit 150.
- the battery management device 100 may also be implemented as an embodiment including both a reference processing unit 170 and a cell classification unit 150.
- the reference processing unit 170 stores the reference SOC, which is used for differential control of the balancing process performed by the balancing processing unit 130.
- step S910 the state monitoring unit 120 obtains a plurality of cell state parameters (e.g., voltage values, etc.) that are mapped one-to-one to the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) from the measuring unit 110.
- cell state parameters e.g., voltage values, etc.
- the state monitoring unit 120 calculates a module state parameter indicating the electrical state of the battery module 50 based on a plurality of cell state parameters.
- Module status parameters include the SOC of the battery module 50.
- the SOC of the battery module 50 may be the average, minimum, or maximum value of the SOC of a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) based on a plurality of cell state parameters.
- step S930 the control unit 140 may determine whether the current module status parameters (eg, SOC, etc.) are greater than or equal to the reference SOC stored in the reference processing unit 170. If the value of step S930 is “Yes,” the process may proceed to step S932. The value of step S930 being “No” means that the module status parameter is below the reference SOC. If the value of step S930 is “No”, the process may proceed to step S934.
- the current module status parameters eg, SOC, etc.
- step S932 the control unit 140 may determine whether the voltage of the degenerated cell is higher than the voltage of the normal cell. If the value of step S932 is “Yes,” the process may proceed to step S940.
- step S934 the control unit 140 may determine whether the voltage of the normal cell is higher than the voltage of the degenerated cell. If the value of step S934 is “Yes,” the process may proceed to step S940.
- step S940 the control unit 140 controls the balancing processor 130 to perform a balancing process on at least one battery cell classified as a depleted cell (D-Cell) among the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N). can do.
- D-Cell depleted cell
- control unit 140 may control the balancing processor 130 shown in FIG. 16 to perform a balancing process on the degenerated cell (D-Cell).
- control unit 140 may control the balancing processor 130 shown in FIG. 17 to perform a balancing process for the degenerated cell (D-Cell).
- the above-described process can also be configured to be applied recursively depending on whether the termination condition is met or not, as described above.
- the step (S950) of checking whether the termination condition is satisfied may be omitted.
- each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) in order to classify each of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) as a degenerated cell (D-Cell) or a normal cell (N-Cell), at least one of the charging process and the discharging process must proceed prior to this. You can. Therefore, the charging process and discharging process that occur prior to the cell classification procedure can be referred to as a preliminary charging process and a preliminary discharging process, respectively.
- step S510 of FIG. 5, step S610 of FIG. 6, step S710 of FIG. 7, step S810 of FIG. 8, and step S910 of FIG. 9 are each performed while at least one of the preliminary charging process and the preliminary discharging process is in progress. It can be.
- step S540 of FIG. 5, step S640 of FIG. 6, and step S940 of FIG. 9 may each be executed in a charging process and/or a discharging process subsequent to the preliminary charging process and/or the preliminary discharging process.
- the cell behavior parameters of the degenerated cell may be relatively larger than the cell behavior parameters of the normal cell (N-Cell).
- the degenerated cell has behavior characteristics whose charging and discharging rates are higher than those of the normal cell (N-Cell).
- the SOC of the battery module 50 may be determined depending on the battery cell 51 having a relatively high voltage among the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N).
- the reference processing unit 170 can set the reference SOC to a value that matches the overall behavior characteristics of the battery module 50.
- the controller 140 may control the balancing process to be performed on the depleted cell (D-Cell).
- control unit 140 may deactivate the balancing process for both the depleted cell (D-Cell) and the normal cell (N-Cell).
- the first SOC section (Section1) corresponds to an area where the SOC of the battery module 50 is more than the reference SOC (Z R )
- the second SOC section (Section2) corresponds to an area where the SOC of the battery module 50 is It corresponds to the area below the standard SOC (Z R ).
- the first SOC section (Section1) can be estimated as an area where the influence of the degenerated cell (D-Cell) is relatively large. Accordingly, the control unit 140 operates the balancing processor 130 to activate the balancing process for the degenerated cell (D-Cell) in the time period (DA) from time Ta to Tb corresponding to the first SOC section (Section1). You can control it.
- the second SOC section may correspond to an area where the influence of the normal cell (N-Cell) is relatively large. Therefore, the control unit 140 performs balancing so that the balancing process is not performed on all of the plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N) in the time section (DI) from time Tb to Tc corresponding to the second SOC section (Section2).
- the processing unit 130 can be controlled.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the reference processing unit 170 shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 10 is a flow chart referenced to explain the determination process of the reference SOC.
- the reference processing unit 170 may include a SOC information storage unit 171, a statistics processing unit 173, a reference setting unit 175, and an SOH calculating unit 177.
- the SOC information storage unit 171 works in conjunction with the status monitoring unit 120 to provide the SOC information that is the SOC of the battery module 50 at the start of the charging process.
- 1 SOC and the second SOC which is the SOC of the battery module 50 at the end point, can be mapped to the turn number of the corresponding charging process and stored. Accordingly, the first SOC time series data and the second SOC time series data may be stored in the SOC information storage unit 171.
- the first SOC time series data represents the SOC of the battery module 50 at the start of each of the first to (k-1) charging processes performed in the past for the battery module 50. 1) Include the starting SOC.
- k is an index indicating the latest charging process cycle and is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. That is, each time the previous charging process for the battery module 50 is completed and a new charging process proceeds, k increases by 1.
- the second SOC time series data includes first to (k-1)th finished SOCs indicating the SOC of the battery module 50 at the end of each of the first to (k-1)th charging processes.
- step S1010 the statistical processing unit 173 obtains the first SOC time series data and the second SOC time series data from the SOC information storage unit 171.
- the statistical processing unit 173 may extract the (k-j)th to (k-1)th starting SOCs from the first SOC time series data. Additionally, the statistical processing unit 173 may extract the (k-j)th to (k-1)th ending SOCs from the second SOC time series data.
- j is the reference number.
- the reference number (j) may be a predetermined natural number greater than or equal to 1.
- the statistics processor 173 may determine the reference number j based on the SOH of the battery module.
- the statistics processing unit 173 calculates the SOC statistical value equal to the average value of the (k-j)th to (k-1)th starting SOC and the (k-j)th to (k-1)th ending SOC. You can.
- the SOC statistical value can be used to calculate a reference SOC to be applied in the period from the end of the (k-1)th charging process to the start of the (k+1)th charging process.
- step S1040 the reference setting unit 175 determines the reference SOC based on the SOC statistical value calculated by the statistics processing unit 173.
- the method according to FIG. 10 may be configured to be applied recursively depending on whether the termination condition is met or not.
- the step (S1060) of checking whether the termination condition is satisfied may be omitted.
- the statistics processor 173 may update the first SOC time series data, second SOC time series data, and SOC statistical values used in the previous round of charging process each time a new round of charging process is completed.
- 30 first SOCs and 30 second SOCs are stored in the SOC information storage unit (171) from the first charging process to the 30th charging process. ) may already be stored in .
- the statistics processor 173 may calculate a SOC statistical value for the current charging process based on at least one of the 30 first SOCs and at least one of the 30 second SOCs.
- the SOC statistical value is calculated using the latest results, so the past charging and discharging pattern of the battery module 50 can be more effectively reflected in the differential execution of the balancing process.
- the SOC statistical value may be an average value of S first SOCs and S second SOCs.
- the reference setting unit 175 may determine the reference SOC to be equal to the SOC statistical value or to be equal to the SOC statistical value multiplied by the correction coefficient.
- the correction coefficient may be a predetermined constant or a value that can be adjusted based on the SOH of the battery module 50.
- Figure 15 is a diagram referenced to explain the differential balancing process performed when the reference SOC is 80%.
- the SOC swing range is 60% to 100%, and the reference SOC is 80%, which is the exact center of the SOC swing range.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 15 is exactly the same as the previous embodiment in which the balancing process is differentially performed through calculation and comparison of the voltage values (electrical characteristics) of the degenerated cell (D-Cell) and the normal cell (N-Cell). Although they may not match, as described above, the methodology of using the SOC value of the battery module 50 inherently substantially reflects the behavior characteristics of the degenerated cell (D-Cell) and the normal cell (N-Cell). Both can provide corresponding results.
- the SOH calculation unit 177 calculates the electrical characteristics of the battery cell 51 or the battery module 50 input from the state monitoring unit 120, the durability or lifespan of the previously stored battery cell 51, etc. It may be configured to calculate the SOH of the battery cell 51 and/or the battery module 50 using information, etc.
- the SOH is information representing a kind of degree of degeneration. As the degree of degeneration increases, the rate of change in electrical characteristics accelerates due to an increase in internal resistance.
- the reference setting unit 175 may determine the reference SOC further based on the SOH of the battery module 50.
- the reference setting unit 175 determines a correction coefficient corresponding to the current SOH of the battery module 50 based on a predetermined negative correspondence between the SOH and the correction coefficient, and then converts the determined correction coefficient into the SOC statistical value.
- the standard SOC can be determined by multiplying by . According to this, as the SOH of the battery module 50 decreases, the correction coefficient increases. As a result, even if the SOC statistical value is the same, as the SOH of the battery module 50 decreases, the reference SOC increases.
- the section in which the cell state parameter of the degenerated cell (D-Cell) is higher than the cell state parameter of the normal cell (N-Cell) can be determined more precisely. Since they can be clearly distinguished, the efficiency of the differential balancing process can also be increased.
- the battery pack 10 includes various other components in addition to the battery module 50 and the battery management device 100, such as batteries known at the time of filing the present invention, such as BMS, busbar, pack case, relay, current sensor, etc. It may further include pack components, etc.
- the battery management device 100 may be included in an electric vehicle. That is, the electric vehicle according to the present invention may include the above-described battery management device 100 or a battery pack including the same. Additionally, the electric vehicle according to the present invention may further include various other components, such as a vehicle body, a motor, and an electronic control unit (ECU), in addition to the battery management device 100 or the battery pack.
- ECU electronice control unit
- FIG. 16 is a diagram referenced for schematically explaining an example of the balancing processor shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. To aid understanding, FIG. 16 shows the configuration of the balancing processor 130 as well as the coupling relationship between the battery module 50 and the balancing processor 130.
- the balancing processor 130 may include a plurality of buck balancing circuits (D#1 to D#N).
- the control unit 140 is operably coupled to a plurality of buck balancing circuits (D#1 to D#N) so as to output a control signal to each of the plurality of buck balancing circuits (D#1 to D#N).
- the control signal output from the control unit 140 to each of the plurality of buck balancing circuits (D#1 to D#N) may be a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal in which high level voltage and low level voltage are alternately repeated.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- Multiple buck balancing circuits (D#1 to D#N) are provided on a one-to-one basis to multiple battery cells (#1 to #N). That is, when i is a natural number less than or equal to N, the buck balancing circuit (D#i) is provided to selectively perform a balancing process for the battery cell (#i).
- the buck balancing circuit (D#i) may include a balancing switch (SW) and a resistor (R). That is, the buck balancing circuit (D#i) includes a series circuit of a balancing switch (SW) and a resistor (R). The buck balancing circuit (D#i) is connected in parallel to the battery cell (#i).
- the balancing switch SW may be turned on in response to the control signal from the control unit 140 being a high level voltage.
- the balancing switch SW may be turned off in response to the control signal from the control unit 140 being a low level voltage.
- a closed circuit including the buck balancing circuit (D#i) and the battery cell (#i) is formed, and current flows through the closed circuit.
- the balancing switch (SW) of the buck balancing circuit (D#i) When the balancing switch (SW) of the buck balancing circuit (D#i) is turned on during the idle period (e.g., time t1 to t2 in FIG. 14) when both charging and discharging of the battery module 50 are stopped, the battery cell As the energy stored in (#i) is consumed by the buck balancing circuit (D#i), the cell state parameters of the battery cell (#i) gradually decrease.
- the balancing switch (SW) of the buck balancing circuit (D#i) When the balancing switch (SW) of the buck balancing circuit (D#i) is turned on during the charging period of the battery module 50 (e.g., time Ta to t1 in FIG. 14), the charging current of the battery module 50 is (#i) and buck balancing circuit (D#i). Accordingly, the charging speed of the battery cell (#i) slows down.
- the balancing switch (SW) of the buck balancing circuit (D#i) When the balancing switch (SW) of the buck balancing circuit (D#i) is turned on during the discharge period of the battery module 50 (e.g., time t2 to Tb in FIG. 14), the battery cell (#i) is connected to the battery module (50). In addition to the discharge current of ), it can be additionally discharged by the buck balancing circuit (D#i). Accordingly, the discharge speed of the battery cell (#i) increases.
- the battery cell (#1) is a degenerated cell (D-Cell) and the battery cell (#2) is a normal cell (N-Cell). Then, during a period corresponding to the SOC range above the reference SOC (Z R ) (e.g., from time Ta to time Tb in FIG. 14), the balancing switch of the buck balancing circuit (D#1) provided to the battery cell (#1) (SW) will remain turned on, while the balancing switch (SW) of the buck balancing circuit (D#2) provided in the battery cell (#2) will remain turned off. In other words, the balancing process for the battery cell (#1) and battery cell (#2) is differentially performed.
- the charging speed of only the battery cell #1 among the battery cells #1 and #2 decreases.
- the discharge rate of the battery cell #1 is faster than the discharge rate of the battery cell #2.
- a differential balancing process is implemented during the period from time Ta to time Tb, thereby changing the cell state parameters of the battery cell (#1) as a deteriorated cell (D-Cell) and the battery as a normal cell (N-Cell).
- the cell state parameters of cell (#2) can be effectively equalized.
- the battery cell (#1) is a degenerated cell (D-Cell) and the battery cell (#2) is a normal cell (N-Cell). Then, during the period corresponding to the SOC range below the reference SOC (Z R ) (e.g., from time Tb to time Tc in FIG. 14), the balancing of the buck balancing circuit (D#1) provided to the battery cell (#1) The switch SW will remain turned off, while the balancing switch SW of the buck balancing circuit D#2 provided in the battery cell #2 will remain turned on. In other words, the balancing process for the battery cell (#1) and battery cell (#2) is differentially performed.
- the discharge rate of the battery cell #2 is accelerated by the buck balancing circuit D#2.
- the charging speed of only the battery cell #2 among the battery cells #1 and #2 is reduced by the buck balancing circuit D#2. do.
- a differential balancing process is implemented during the period from time Tb to time Tc, so that the cell state parameters of the battery cell (#1) as a deteriorated cell (D-Cell) and the battery as a normal cell (N-Cell)
- the cell state parameters of cell (#2) can be effectively equalized.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram referenced for schematically explaining another example of the balancing processor shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. To aid understanding, FIG. 17 shows the configuration of the balancing processor 130 as well as the coupling relationship between the battery module 50 and the balancing processor 130.
- the balancing processing unit 130 shown in FIG. 17 may include a plurality of boost balancing circuits (U#1 to U#N).
- the control unit 140 is operably coupled to a plurality of boost balancing circuits (U#1 to U#N) so as to output a control signal to each of the plurality of boost balancing circuits (U#1 to U#N).
- a plurality of boost balancing circuits (U#1 to U#N) are provided on a one-to-one basis to a plurality of battery cells (#1 to #N). That is, when i is a natural number less than or equal to N, the boost balancing circuit (U#i) is provided to selectively perform a balancing process for the battery cell (#i).
- the boost balancing circuit (U#i) may be a direct current voltage source, for example, a DC-DC converter.
- the boost balancing circuit U#i supplies charging power to the battery cell #i during operation in response to a control signal from the control unit 140.
- the boost balancing circuit U#i When the boost balancing circuit U#i operates during the discharge period of the battery module 50 (e.g., times Tb to t3 in FIG. 14), the discharge power of the battery cell #i is transferred to the boost balancing circuit U#i. By being compensated by the charging power supplied from , the discharge rate of the battery cell (#i) slows down.
- the boost balancing circuit U#i When the boost balancing circuit U#i operates during the idle period of the battery module 50 (e.g., times t3 to t4 in FIG. 14), the cell state parameter of the battery cell #i gradually increases.
- the battery cell #i When the boost balancing circuit U#i operates during the discharge period of the battery module 50 (e.g., from time t4 to Tc in FIG. 14), the battery cell #i receives the boost as well as the charging current of the battery module 50. It can be additionally charged by the balancing circuit (U#i). Accordingly, the charging speed of the battery cell (#i) becomes faster.
- the battery cell (#1) is a degenerated cell (D-Cell) and the battery cell (#2) is a normal cell (N-Cell). Then, during the period corresponding to the SOC range below the reference SOC (Z R ) (e.g., from time Tb to time Tc in FIG. 14), the boost balancing circuit U#1 provided in the battery cell #1 operates. Meanwhile, the boost balancing circuit (U#2) provided to the battery cell (#2) will be turned off.
- the charging speed of the battery cell #1 is faster than the charging speed of the battery cell #2.
- a differential balancing process is implemented during the period from time Tb to time Tc, so that the cell state parameters of the battery cell (#1) as a deteriorated cell (D-Cell) and the battery as a normal cell (N-Cell)
- the cell state parameters of cell (#2) can be effectively equalized.
- the battery cell (#1) is a degenerated cell (D-Cell) and the battery cell (#2) is a normal cell (N-Cell). Then, during the period corresponding to the SOC range above the reference SOC (Z R ) (e.g., from time Ta to time Tb in FIG. 14), the boost balancing circuit (U#1) provided in the battery cell (#1) will not operate. On the other hand, the boost balancing circuit (U#2) provided in the battery cell (#2) will operate.
- the charging speed of the battery cell #2 may be accelerated by the boost balancing circuit U#2.
- the discharge rate of only the battery cell #2 among the battery cells #1 and #2 is reduced by the boost balancing circuit U#2. do.
- a differential balancing process is implemented during the period from time Ta to time Tb, thereby changing the cell state parameters of the battery cell (#1) as a deteriorated cell (D-Cell) and the battery as a normal cell (N-Cell).
- the cell state parameters of cell (#2) can be effectively equalized.
- the balancing processing unit 130 may include both the buck balancing circuit (D#1 to D#N) according to FIG. 16 and the boost balancing circuit (U#1 to U#N) according to FIG. 17.
- the battery cell (#1) is a degenerated cell (D-Cell) and the battery cell (#2) is a normal cell (N-Cell).
- the balancing switch (SW) of the buck balancing circuit (D#1) provided to the battery cell (#1) is It is controlled to be in a turn-on state, and the boost balancing circuit (U#2) provided to the battery cell (#2) can be controlled to be in an operating state.
- the boost balancing circuit (U#2) provided in the battery cell (#1) is controlled in an operating state, and the battery
- the balancing switch (SW) provided in the cell (#2) can be controlled to be turned on.
- the balancing process using the buck balancing circuit may be referred to as a buck balancing process, a passive balancing process, or a first balancing process.
- the balancing process using the boost balancing circuit may be referred to as a boost balancing process, an active balancing process, or a second balancing process.
- the embodiments of the present invention described above are not only implemented through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes the function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded.
- the implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 복수의 배터리 셀을 포함하는 배터리 모듈을 위한 배터리 관리 장치에 있어서,상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각의 전기적 상태를 나타내는 복수의 셀 상태 파라미터를 획득하도록 구성되는 상태 감시부;상기 복수의 배터리 셀 간의 상기 전기적 상태의 편차를 억제하기 위해, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각을 선택적으로 방전 또는 충전시키는 절차인 밸런싱 프로세스를 수행하도록 구성되는 밸런싱 처리부; 및상기 복수의 셀 상태 파라미터를 기초로, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 중 적어도 한 배터리 셀에 대한 밸런싱 프로세스가 수행되도록 상기 밸런싱 처리부를 제어하도록 구성되는 제어부;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 복수의 셀 상태 파라미터를 기초로, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각을 퇴화 셀 또는 정상 셀로 분류하는 셀 분류부;를 더 포함하고,상기 제어부는,상기 퇴화 셀의 셀 상태 파라미터 및 상기 정상 셀의 셀 상태 파라미터를 기초로, 상기 밸런싱 프로세스가 차등적으로 수행되도록 상기 밸런싱 처리부를 제어하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 퇴화 셀의 셀 상태 파라미터가 상기 정상 셀의 셀 상태 파라미터보다 큰 경우, 상기 퇴화 셀에 대한 상기 밸런싱 프로세스가 수행되도록 상기 밸런싱 처리부를 제어하도록 구성되되,상기 셀 상태 파라미터는, 전압 및 SOC(State Of Charge) 중 적어도 하나를 나타내는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 셀 분류부는,상기 상태 감시부로부터 상기 복수의 셀 상태 파라미터를 획득하도록 구성되는 입력부;상기 복수의 셀 상태 파라미터를 기초로, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각의 전기적 상태의 거동 특성을 나타내는 복수의 셀 거동 파라미터를 연산하도록 구성되는 연산 처리부; 및상기 복수의 셀 거동 파라미터 간의 상대적 차이를 기초로, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각을 상기 퇴화 셀 또는 상기 정상 셀로 분류하도록 구성되는 선정부;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 셀 거동 파라미터는, 상기 셀 상태 파라미터의 변화율을 포함하고,상기 셀 분류부는,상기 복수의 셀 거동 파라미터 중에서 크기 순으로 상위 순위에 해당하는 n(n은 1 이상의 자연수)개의 셀 거동 파라미터에 매핑된 각 배터리 셀을 상기 퇴화 셀로 분류하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 셀 거동 파라미터는, 상기 셀 상태 파라미터의 변화율을 포함하고,상기 셀 분류부는,상기 배터리 모듈의 충전 과정에서의 상기 셀 거동 파라미터가 제1 기준값 이상인 것 및 상기 배터리 모듈의 방전 과정에서의 상기 셀 거동 파라미터가 제2 기준값 이상인 것을 둘 다 만족하는, 각 배터리 셀을 상기 퇴화 셀로 선정하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 상태 감시부는,상기 배터리 모듈의 전기적 상태를 나타내는 모듈 상태 파라미터로서, 상기 배터리 모듈의 SOC를 획득하도록 구성되고,상기 제어부는,상기 배터리 모듈의 충전 중에 상기 모듈 상태 파라미터가 기준 SOC 이상인 것을 조건으로, 상기 퇴화 셀에 대한 상기 밸런싱 프로세스가 수행되도록 상기 밸런싱 처리부를 제어하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제7항에 있어서,제1 SOC 시계열 데이터 및 제2 SOC 시계열 데이터를 저장하도록 구성되는 SOC 정보 저장부;상기 제1 SOC 시계열 데이터 및 제2 SOC 시계열 데이터를 기초로, SOC 통계값을 산출하도록 구성되는 통계 처리부; 및상기 SOC 통계값과 동일하게 상기 기준 SOC를 설정하도록 구성되는 레퍼런스 설정부;를 더 포함하되,상기 제1 SOC 시계열 데이터는, 상기 배터리 모듈에 대해 과거에 진행된 제1 내지 제(k-1) 충전 과정 각각의 시작 시점에서의 상기 배터리 모듈의 SOC를 나타내는 제1 내지 제(k-1) 시작 SOC를 포함하고,상기 제2 SOC 시계열 데이터는, 상기 제1 내지 제(k-1) 충전 과정 각각의 종료 시점에서의 상기 배터리 모듈의 SOC를 나타내는 제1 내지 제(k-1) 종료 SOC를 포함하고,k는 2 이상의 자연수인, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 통계 처리부는,상기 배터리 모듈의 SOH를 더 기초로, 상기 SOC 통계값을 산출하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 통계 처리부는,상기 배터리 모듈의 SOH를 기초로, 기준 넘버를 결정하고,상기 제1 SOC 시계열 데이터로부터, 제(k-j) 내지 제(k-1) 시작 SOC를 추출하고,상기 제2 SOC 시계열 데이터로부터, 제(k-j) 내지 제(k-1) 종료 SOC를 추출하고,상기 제(k-j) 내지 제(k-1) 시작 SOC와 상기 제(k-j) 내지 제(k-1) 종료 SOC의 평균값과 동일하게, 상기 SOC 통계값을 산출하도록 구성되되,j는 상기 기준 넘버인 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는, 배터리 팩.
- 제11항에 따른 배터리 팩을 포함하는, 전기 차량.
- 제1항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 관리 장치에 의해 실행 가능한 배터리 관리 방법에 있어서,상기 상태 감시부가, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각의 전기적 상태를 나타내는 상기 복수의 셀 상태 파라미터를 획득하는 단계; 및상기 제어부가, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 간의 상기 전기적 상태의 편차를 억제하기 위해, 상기 복수의 셀 상태 파라미터를 기초로, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 중 적어도 한 배터리 셀에 대한 상기 밸런싱 프로세스가 수행되도록 상기 밸런싱 처리부를 제어하는 단계;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 밸런싱 처리부를 제어하는 단계는,상기 복수의 셀 상태 파라미터를 기초로, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각을 퇴화 셀 또는 정상 셀로 분류하는 단계; 및상기 퇴화 셀의 셀 상태 파라미터 및 상기 정상 셀의 셀 상태 파라미터를 기초로, 상기 밸런싱 프로세스가 차등적으로 수행되도록 상기 밸런싱 처리부를 제어하는 단계;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 밸런싱 처리부를 제어하는 단계는,상기 배터리 모듈의 전기적 상태를 나타내는 모듈 상태 파라미터로서, 상기 배터리 모듈의 SOC를 획득하는 단계; 및상기 배터리 모듈의 충전 중에 상기 모듈 상태 파라미터가 기준 SOC 이상인 것을 조건으로, 상기 퇴화 셀에 대한 상기 밸런싱 프로세스가 수행되도록 상기 밸런싱 처리부를 제어하는 단계;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 관리 방법.
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KR101642329B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-07-25 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 이를 이용한 배터리 관리 방법 |
JP7087923B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2022-06-21 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 劣化推定装置、劣化推定方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
US11300625B2 (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2022-04-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Evaluation device, evaluation method and evaluation system for energy storage device |
KR20220113716A (ko) | 2019-12-06 | 2022-08-16 | 인벤티아 라이프 사이언스 피티와이 엘티디 | 바이오프린팅 시스템 |
KR102201988B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-01-12 | 주식회사 나산전기산업 | 배터리의 충방전 특성을 사용하여 배터리를 관리하는 배터리 관리 시스템 |
KR20220100470A (ko) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-15 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
KR20230098407A (ko) | 2021-12-24 | 2023-07-04 | 석병노 | 연질파이프 일시 저장장치 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN119689308A (zh) * | 2024-12-05 | 2025-03-25 | 小米汽车科技有限公司 | 异常电池检测方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
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