WO2024046836A1 - Disjoncteur de protection et procédé - Google Patents

Disjoncteur de protection et procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024046836A1
WO2024046836A1 PCT/EP2023/073117 EP2023073117W WO2024046836A1 WO 2024046836 A1 WO2024046836 A1 WO 2024046836A1 EP 2023073117 W EP2023073117 W EP 2023073117W WO 2024046836 A1 WO2024046836 A1 WO 2024046836A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
differential current
limit values
low
unit
voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/073117
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marvin TANNHÄUSER
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2024046836A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024046836A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H02H3/063—Details concerning the co-operation of many similar arrangements, e.g. in a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/003—Fault detection by injection of an auxiliary voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/05—Details with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H02H3/07—Details with automatic reconnection and with permanent disconnection after a predetermined number of reconnection cycles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with an electronic interruption unit according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with an electronic interruption unit.
  • Low voltage refers to voltages of up to 1000 volts AC or up to 1500 volts DC. Low voltage refers in particular to voltages that are greater than extra-low voltage, with values of 50 volts alternating voltage or 120 volts DC, are .
  • Low voltage circuit or network or system are circuits with rated currents or Rated currents of up to 125 amperes, specifically up to 63 amperes.
  • Low-voltage circuits are in particular circuits with rated currents or Rated currents of up to 50 amps, 40 amps, 32 amps, 25 amps, 16 amps or 10 amps are meant.
  • the current values mentioned refer in particular to nominal, rated and/or switching off currents, i.e. H . the maximum current that is normally carried through the circuit or in which the electrical circuit is usually interrupted, for example by a protective device such as a protective switching device, circuit breaker or circuit breaker.
  • the nominal currents can be further staggered, from 0.5 A to 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, 6 A, 7 A, 8 A, 9 A, 10 A, etc. up to 16 A.
  • Circuit breakers have long been known overcurrent protection devices that are used in electrical installation technology in low-voltage circuits. These protect cables from damage caused by heating due to excessive current and/or short circuits.
  • a line protection Switch can automatically switch off the circuit in the event of overload and/or short circuit.
  • a circuit breaker is a non-automatically resetting safety element.
  • circuit breakers In contrast to circuit breakers, circuit breakers are intended for currents greater than 125 A, sometimes even from 63 amps. Circuit breakers are therefore designed to be simpler and more delicate. Circuit breakers usually have a mounting option for mounting on a so-called top-hat rail (mounting rail, DIN rail, TH35).
  • Circuit breakers according to the state of the art are built electromechanically. In a housing they have a mechanical switching contact or Shunt release for interrupting (tripping) the electrical current. Usually a bimetal protective element or Bimetal element used for tripping (interruption) in the event of long-lasting overcurrent (overcurrent protection z) or in the event of thermal overload (overload protection z). An electromagnetic release with a coil is used for short-term triggering when an overcurrent limit or used in the event of a short circuit (short circuit protection). One or more arc quenching chamber(s) or Facilities for extinguishing arcs are provided. Furthermore, connection elements for conductors of the electrical circuit to be protected.
  • Residual current circuit breakers for electrical circuits are generally known. Residual current circuit breakers are also known as residual current devices, or RCD for short. Residual current circuit breakers determine the total current in an electrical circuit, which is normally zero, and interrupt it when a differential current value is exceeded, i.e. H . a current sum of non-zero, which exceeds a certain (difference) current value or fault current value, the electrical circuit. Almost all previous residual current circuit breakers have a summation current transformer whose primary winding is formed by the conductors of the circuit and whose secondary winding delivers the sum of current which is used directly or indirectly to interrupt the electrical circuit.
  • a fault occurs, for example, if there is an electrical connection from a phase conductor of the electrical circuit to ground. For example, if a person touches the phase conductor. Then part of the electrical current does not flow as usual via the neutral conductor or Neutral conductor returns, but via the person and the earth. This fault current can now be detected with the help of the summation current transformer, since the sum of the inflowing and returning current recorded in terms of amount is not zero. Via a relay or A holding magnet release, for example with connected mechanics, will interrupt the circuit, e.g. B. at least one, part or all lines. Residual current circuit breakers for detecting alternating residual currents are generally known from publication DE 44 32 643 Al.
  • the main function of residual current circuit breakers is to protect people from electrical currents (electric shock). as well as systems, machines or buildings from fire due to electrical insulation faults.
  • residual current circuit breaker or whose summation current transformer is designed in such a way that the secondary-side energy of the summation current transformer is used to actuate a tripping unit or an interruption unit or A trigger is sufficient then such residual current circuit breakers are called mains voltage independent.
  • mains voltage dependent residual current circuit breakers contain a power supply to supply energy for residual current detection (mains voltage independent ones do not). These power supplies are required, for example, to control residual currents in DC networks and mixed DC/AC networks. can be detected in circuits with high frequencies.
  • Protective switching devices with an electronic interruption unit are relatively new developments. These have a semiconductor-based electronic interruption unit. D. H .
  • the electrical current flow of the low-voltage circuit is routed via semiconductor components or semiconductor switches, which interrupt the electrical current flow. can be switched conductive.
  • Protective switching devices with an electronic interruption unit also often have a mechanical isolating contact system, in particular with isolating properties in accordance with relevant standards for low-voltage circuits, the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact system being connected in series to the electronic interruption unit, i.e. H .
  • the current of the low-voltage circuit to be protected is routed via both the mechanical isolating contact system and the electronic interruption unit.
  • the present invention relates in particular to low-voltage alternating current circuits, with an alternating voltage, usually with a time-dependent sinusoidal alternating voltage with the frequency f.
  • a harmonic alternating voltage can be represented by the rotation of a pointer whose length corresponds to the amplitude (U) of the voltage.
  • the instantaneous deflection is the projection of the pointer onto a coordinate system.
  • One period of oscillation corresponds to one full revolution of the pointer and its full angle is 2n (2Pi) or 360°.
  • the angular frequency is the rate of change of the phase angle of this rotating pointer.
  • the term instantaneous angular frequency is also used.
  • the time-dependent value from the angular velocity w and the time t corresponds to the time-dependent angle cp (t), which is also referred to as the phase angle cp (t). Ie the phase angle cp ( t ) periodically passes through the range O...2n or 0°...360°.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a protective switching device of the type mentioned at the beginning, in particular to ensure protection against (fault) currents caused by people while at the same time ensuring security of supply or availability of electrical systems, i.e. immunity against technically caused (fault) currents which would lead to a false tripping of the protective switching device.
  • a protective switching device for protecting an electrical low-voltage circuit, in particular a low-voltage alternating circuit, comprising:
  • a mechanical isolating contact unit which has a closed state of the contacts for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit or an open state of the contacts for a current flow-avoiding galvanic isolation in the low-voltage circuit
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit can be operated and switched in particular by a mechanical handle, so that an opening of contacts to avoid a current flow or a closing of the contacts for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit can be switched (through the handle), thus (in particular) a galvanic isolation in the low-voltage circuit can be switched;
  • opening contacts is also referred to as disconnecting and closing contacts is referred to as switching on;
  • an electronic interruption unit which is connected in series on the circuit side to the mechanical isolating contact unit and which, through semiconductor-based switching elements, has a high-resistance (in particular non-conducting) state of the switching elements to avoid a current flow or a low-resistance state of the switching elements to prevent current flow in the low-voltage circuit;
  • a high-resistance (in particular non-conducting) state of the switching elements (to avoid current flow) is also called a switched-off state (process: switching off) and a low-resistance (conducting) state of the switching elements (for current flow) is also called a switched-on state (process: switching on). designated ;
  • the protective switching device in particular the control unit, is designed such that when first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values are exceeded, a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is avoided due to a high-resistance state the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit is initiated when the isolating contacts are closed. After avoiding a current flow due to a high-resistance state of the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit and the closed state of the contacts, a test is carried out to determine whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values have been exceeded.
  • Immediate avoidance of a current flow means in particular that the electronic interruption unit becomes high impedance within 10 ms, in particular 5 ms or 1 ms. (Today's residual current circuit breakers typically trip after at least/greater than 20 ms.)
  • a test is carried out to determine whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values have been exceeded, and so on for the presence of faulty differentials to check reference current events and, if necessary, to distinguish critical events from non-critical events in order to ensure personal protection on the one hand and the availability of systems on the other.
  • condition at the load-side connections can be further monitored with regard to the presence of differential current limit values or differential current time limit values. If the status changes, another action can be advantageous take place, for example according to the advantageous embodiments of the invention.
  • only the mechanical isolating contact unit can be operated by the mechanical handle. Switching on and off using the electronic interruption unit cannot be operated (directly) on the device.
  • the system changes for a first time range (10ms...20ms...30ms...50ms...100ms...200ms...1 s ( Any value depending on the application is possible) ) the electronic interruption unit into the low-resistance state.
  • the first time range is, for example, a value from the range 10ms to 100ms to 200ms to 1s. This means if, for example, after exceeding the first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values for 10 ms (15 ms) or 20 ms (25 ms, 30 ms, ..., 95 ms, 100 ms, ... 1 s) the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values are not exceeded, the electronic interruption unit switches to the low-resistance state.
  • the first time range can in particular be dependent on the level of the determined differential current (in particular its effective value), i.e. with higher differential currents, the first time range becomes smaller.
  • the isolating contacts are opened for a first period of time.
  • the first time period is, for example, in the range 10ms to 100ms to 10s.
  • the first time period can in particular be smaller than 300 ms, 200 ms, 150 ms, 100 ms, 50 ms, 40 ms, 30 ms, 20 ms or 10 ms.
  • the electronic interruption unit switches to the low-resistance state (after the expiration of a/the first time period and) if the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values are not exceeded for a second time range.
  • the second time range can be a value from the range 20ms to 100ms to 1s to 10s.
  • the length of the second time range can correspond to the length of the first time range or be longer.
  • a communication unit in particular an input unit, is provided. If the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values for a (the) second time range are not exceeded, the electronic interruption unit only switches to the low-resistance state when an acknowledgment occurs by means of the communication unit, in particular the input unit.
  • the second time range can be a value from the range 20ms to 100ms to 1 s.
  • the length of the second time range can correspond to the length of the first time range or be longer.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit (MK) is assigned to the load-side connections.
  • the check for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values have been exceeded at the load-side connections is carried out by making at least one switching element, in particular two or all switching elements, of the electronic interruption unit low-resistance, in particular for a first duty cycle .
  • the first switch-on time can be so short that there is no danger to persons.
  • the check for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values (of the load-side connections) have been exceeded is carried out by at least one switching element, in particular two or all switching elements, of the electronic interruption unit becoming low-resistance at an instantaneous absolute value Voltage occurs that is smaller than a first voltage threshold value.
  • the first voltage threshold is in particular less than 50 volts or a value of the (protective) extra-low voltage.
  • the first voltage threshold value is advantageously adjustable.
  • test is carried out at a voltage that is harmless to humans, so that the safety of both the protective switching device and the low-voltage circuit is ensured.
  • a voltage sensor unit is also advantageously provided, which determines the voltage in the low-voltage circuit, in particular the level of the voltage present at the network-side connections.
  • the switching elements become high-resistance again at an instantaneous value of the voltage that is greater than a second voltage threshold value.
  • the height of the second voltage threshold can correspond to the height of the first voltage threshold.
  • the check for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values (at the load-side connections) have been exceeded is carried out by applying an auxiliary voltage that is smaller than a first voltage limit.
  • the height of the first voltage limit can correspond to the height of the first (or second) voltage threshold value.
  • the test is carried out when the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values are exceeded with a first time interval, which is in particular 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30 seconds or 1, 5, 10 or 15 minutes, with the test being carried out at the first time interval, in particular after one (of) the first time period has elapsed.
  • a first time interval which is in particular 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30 seconds or 1, 5, 10 or 15 minutes
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit switches to an open state of the isolating contacts.
  • the first time limit is 15 min, 30 min, 1h, 8h, 24h, 36h or 48h. Any intermediate value is possible.
  • the first time interval depends on the first time limit. D. H . the first time interval is smaller than the first time limit.
  • a mechanical isolating contact unit is provided with a closed state of the contacts for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit or an open state of the contacts for a galvanic isolation that prevents current flow in the low-voltage circuit
  • an electronic interruption unit which is connected in series on the circuit side to the mechanical isolating contact unit and which has a high-resistance state of the switching elements to avoid current flow or a low-resistance state of the switching elements to prevent current flow in the low-voltage circuit due to semiconductor-based switching elements,
  • the electronic interruption unit can be switched to the low-resistance state changes.
  • the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values are exceeded for a first period of time, which is in particular less than 300 ms, 200 ms, 150 ms, 100 ms, 50 ms, 40 ms, 30 ms, 20 ms or 10 ms, the isolating contacts be opened.
  • a corresponding computer program product for a protective switching device includes commands which, when the program is executed by a microcontroller, cause the microcontroller to carry out a check for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values have been exceeded after avoiding a current flow due to a high-resistance state of the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit and the closed state of the contacts to carry out one of claims 1 to 17.
  • the microcontroller is part of the protective switching device, especially the control unit. According to the invention, a corresponding computer-readable storage medium on which the computer program product is stored is claimed.
  • Figure 1 shows a first schematic diagram of a protective switching device
  • Figure 2 shows a second schematic diagram of a protective switching device
  • Figure 1 shows a representation of a protective switching device SG for protecting a low-voltage electrical circuit, in particular low-voltage alternating current circuit, with a housing GEH, comprising:
  • - network-side connections which i. B. include a network-side neutral conductor connection NG and a network-side phase conductor connection LG,
  • - load-side connections which i. B. include a load-side neutral conductor connection NL and a load-side phase conductor connection LL,
  • an energy source is usually connected to the network-side connections / the GRID network side
  • a consumer is usually connected to the load side connections / the load side LOAD;
  • the load-side connection points APNL, APLL are connected to the load-side neutral and phase conductor connections NL, LL, so that an opening of contacts KKN, KKL to avoid a current flow or a closing of the contacts KKN, KKL to prevent a current flow in the low-voltage circuit can be switched.
  • the differential current sensor unit ZCT for determining the level of a differential current of the conductors of the low-voltage circuit
  • the differential current sensor unit ZCT is arranged in the example between the electronic interruption unit EU and the mechanical isolating contact unit MK, it can alternatively be between the mechanical isolating contact unit MK and the load-side neutral and phase conductor connections NL, LL can be provided (arranged), as can alternatively be provided (arranged) between the electronic interruption unit EU and the network-side connections NG, LG.
  • the differential current sensor unit ZCT determines the level of the differential current of the conductors of the low-voltage circuit (to be protected) that are routed through the protective switching device. In the example of a single-phase AC circuit with neutral conductor and phase conductor.
  • the differential current sensor unit ZCT can be a classic summation current transformer.
  • the primary side of the summation current transformer is formed by the conductors of the low-voltage circuit (in the example phase conductor and neutral conductor).
  • the secondary side of the summation current transformer is connected to the SE control unit.
  • a current sensor unit S I for determining the level of current in the low-voltage circuit, which is particularly in the current path of the phase conductor or Phase conductor current path is arranged,
  • control unit SE which is connected to the differential current sensor unit ZCT, to the current sensor unit SI, to the mechanical isolating contact unit MK and the electronic interruption unit EU, whereby an avoidance of current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated when current and/or current time limit values are exceeded becomes .
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is arranged on the load side
  • the electronic interruption unit EU is arranged on the network side according to the invention.
  • the GRID network side with the energy source is normally under electrical voltage.
  • An electrical consumer is usually connected to the load side LOAD.
  • the protective switching device can be designed in such a way that the level of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit can also be determined.
  • D. H the level of a first voltage between the network-side connection point EUG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU can be determined or is determined.
  • a first voltage sensor unit SUI is provided which is connected to the control unit SE and which determines the level of the voltage between the network-side connection point EUG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • the voltage across the series connection of the electronic interruption unit EU and current sensor SI can alternatively also be determined, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the current sensor unit SI has a very low Internal resistance, so that the determination of the voltage level is not or negligibly affected.
  • a second voltage sensor unit SU2 can advantageously be provided, which determines the level of the voltage between the network-side neutral conductor connection NG and the network-side phase conductor connection LG.
  • the first voltage sensor unit can also be replaced by using two voltage measurements (before the electronic interruption unit and after the electronic interruption unit).
  • the voltage across the electronic interruption unit is determined by forming a difference.
  • a second voltage sensor unit SU2 connected to the control unit SE can be provided, which determines the level of a second voltage between the network-side neutral conductor connection NG and the network-side phase conductor connection LG.
  • a third voltage sensor unit SU3 (not shown) connected to the control unit can be provided, which determines the level of a third voltage between the network-side neutral conductor connection NG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the level of a/the first voltage between the network-side connection point EUG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU is determined from the difference between the second and third voltage.
  • a measuring impedance ZM can be connected between the network-side connection points APLG, APNG of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • the measuring impedance ZM can be, for example, an electrical resistor and/or capacitor.
  • the measurement impedance can also be an inductance.
  • the measurement impedance can be a series connection or parallel connection of a resistor and/or capacitor and/or inductance.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU is designed with a single pole, in the example in the phase conductor.
  • the network-side connection point APNG for the neutral conductor of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is connected to the network-side neutral conductor connection NG of the GEH housing. 1, this connection is routed through the differential current sensor unit ZCT, for example its summation current transformer.
  • the protective switching device SG is advantageously designed in such a way that the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can be opened by the control unit SE, but cannot be closed, which is indicated by an arrow from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can be operated by a mechanical handle HH on the protective switching device SG in order to switch the contacts KKL, KKN to manual (manual) opening or closing.
  • the mechanical handle HH indicates the switching status (open or closed) of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK on the protective switching device.
  • the contact position (or the position of the handle, closed or opened) can be transmitted to the control unit SE.
  • the contact position (or the position of the handle) can e.g. B. be determined by means of a sensor, such as a position sensor.
  • the contact position or The switching status can be transmitted to the control unit SE.
  • the position sensor can be part of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • the position sensor can be a component in the electronic first part (EPART, Figure 2).
  • a Hall sensor can be provided in the electronic first part (EPART), which detects and transmits the position of the contacts and/or the handle without contact.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is advantageously designed in such a way that the contacts can be closed (manually). through the mechanical handle is only possible after a release (enable), in particular a release signal. This is also indicated by the arrow from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contacts unit MK. This means that the contacts KKL, KKN of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can only be closed by the handle HH when the release or the release signal (from the control unit) is present. Without the release or the release signal, the handle HH can be operated, but the contacts cannot be closed (“permanent slippage”).
  • the protective switching device SG has a power supply or power supply unit NT, for example a switching power supply unit.
  • the energy supply/power supply unit NT is provided for the control unit SE, which is indicated by a connection between the energy supply/power supply unit NT and the control unit SE in FIG.
  • the power supply/power pack NT is (on the other hand) connected to the network-side neutral conductor connection NG and the network-side phase conductor connection LG.
  • a fuse SS, in particular a fuse, or a switch SCH ( Figure 2) can advantageously be provided in the connection to the network-side neutral conductor connection NG (or/and phase conductor connection LG).
  • the power supply unit NT is normally constantly supplied with energy, especially from the network-side connections. If necessary, it is protected by the SS fuse or can be switched off using the SCH switch.
  • the switch SCH/Sch can be designed in such a way that the switch can only be opened when the contacts are in the open state. This increases the safety of the device because the electronics (especially the control unit) cannot be switched off when the contacts are closed.
  • the fuse SS not only has the purpose of securing the energy supply by means of the power supply unit NT, but is also intended to protect the "electronic" first part EPART or its part, particularly in the case of a two-part structure (see FIG. 2). In particular, protect entire units (such as specifically the control unit, electronic interruption unit, voltage sensor(s), current sensor, if necessary measuring impedance, etc.).
  • the measuring impedance ZM can be connected to the network-side neutral conductor connection NG via the fuse SS.
  • a three-pole electronic unit or an electronic first part EPART ( Figure 2) can be realized, for example as a module that has three connections with regard to the low-voltage circuit, a neutral conductor connection and two phase conductor connections.
  • the electronic first part EPART can have further connections, in particular for control or measurement information, such as a release signal Enable / enable, opening signal OEF, position information (from the position unit POS) and/or differential current signal (level of the differential current) from the differential current sensor unit ZCT.
  • the electronic unit or Electronic first part EPART has, for example, the electronic interruption unit EU, the control unit SE, the energy supply NT (in particular including fuse SS), the current sensor unit ST, optionally the first voltage sensor unit SUI and/or optionally the second voltage sensor unit SU2.
  • the low voltage circuit may be a three-phase alternating circuit, with a neutral conductor and three phase conductors.
  • the protective switching device can be designed as a three-phase variant and, for example, have additional line-side and load-side phase conductor connections.
  • Electronic interruption units according to the invention and contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are provided in an analogous manner between the further network-side and load-side phase conductor connections.
  • the respective conductors (three phase conductors LI, L2, L3, neutral conductor N) are routed through the differential current unit ZCT.
  • current sensor units and voltage determinations can be provided.
  • high-resistance is meant a condition in which only a negligible current flows.
  • high-resistance means resistance values of greater than 1 kiloohm, better greater than 10 kiloohm, 100 kiloohm, 1 megaohm, 10 megaohm, 100 megaohm, 1 gigaohm or greater.
  • Low-resistance refers to a condition in which the current value specified on the protective switching device could flow.
  • low-resistance means resistance values that are smaller than 10 ohms, preferably smaller than 1 ohm, 100 milliohms, 10 milliohms, 1 milliohms or smaller.
  • Figure 2 shows a representation according to Figure 1, with the difference that the protective switching device is constructed in two parts. It contains an electronic first part EPART, for example on a printed circuit board.
  • EPART electronic first part
  • the first part EPART can have the control unit SE, the first voltage sensor unit SUI, the second voltage sensor unit SU2, the current sensor unit SI, the electronic interruption unit EU, the power supply NT. Furthermore, the first part can contain the fuse SS, a switch SCH, the measuring impedance ZM, a temperature sensor TEM (in particular for the electronic interruption unit EU). Communication unit COM, a display unit AE, and, as a variant, a position sensor unit POS.
  • the electronic first part EPART has only three connections to the low-voltage circuit:
  • connection EN for a connection to the network-side neutral conductor connection NG.
  • the two connections: to the mains-side phase conductor connection LG and for the or. to the grid-side phase conductor connection point APLG have a high current-carrying capacity, e.g. B. several amps, greater than 10A / 16 A - depending on the nominal current or Rated current of the low-voltage circuit, in particular to carry the load current even in the event of a short circuit or overload.
  • a high current-carrying capacity e.g. B. several amps, greater than 10A / 16 A - depending on the nominal current or Rated current of the low-voltage circuit, in particular to carry the load current even in the event of a short circuit or overload.
  • the third connection EN for the connection to the network-side neutral conductor connection NG has a (in comparison) low current-carrying capacity, e.g. B. less than 1A, a few mA - depending on the energy requirements of the units supplied, especially in the electronic first part EPART.
  • the third connection EN is designed with a low current carrying capacity to supply power to the power supply and to measure voltage between the phase conductor and neutral conductor of the low-voltage circuit.
  • this third connection EN is protected by a fuse SS. This can be achieved using a fusible fuse or a cost-effective conductor track fuse (thin conductor track of appropriate length and thickness on the circuit board).
  • This short-circuit current is fed from the network via the network-side connections.
  • An upstream circuit breaker often has a much higher tripping current and feeds low-voltage circuits provided in parallel. If there is a fault in the protective switching device (the protective switching device of the protected low-voltage circuit) and the upstream circuit breaker is triggered, error-free parallel circuits would also be switched off, which is therefore avoided.
  • the communication unit COM can in particular be a wireless communication unit.
  • the communication unit COM can have a (manual) input unit on the protective switching device for (manual) acknowledgment of states on the protective switching device SG.
  • the acknowledgment can also take place (wired and/or wirelessly) via the communication unit COM.
  • the communication unit COM can have a display function.
  • a separate display unit can also be provided.
  • the protective switching device contains a second part, in particular a mechanical one, MPART.
  • the second part MPART can have the mechanical isolating contact unit MK, the handle HH, a release unit EG. Furthermore, the second part can have a position unit POS, for reporting the position of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contacts unit MK to the control unit, as well as the (neutral conductor) connection (s).
  • the second part MPART has the differential current sensor unit ZCT, like a summation current transformer, as is known, for example, from classic residual current circuit breakers.
  • the release unit/release function FG enables the actuation of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit to be released by the handle HH when a release signal enable is present.
  • D. H Closing the contacts KKL, KKN by the handle is only possible when the release signal enable (from the control unit SE) is present. Otherwise closing is not possible (continuous slide of the handle HH).
  • the contacts remain in the open position/switching state.
  • the release unit FG can cause the contacts to open (second function of the release unit FG) if an opening signal OEF (from the control unit SE) is present.
  • the release unit/release function FG then acts as a trigger unit for opening the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • the protective switching device SG in particular the control unit SE, is further designed in such a way that if current limit values or current time limit values are exceeded (i.e. if a current limit value is exceeded for a certain period of time), avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated, in particular by one To avoid short-circuit current. This is achieved in particular by the electronic interruption unit EU changing from the low-resistance state to the high-resistance state.
  • the avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated, for example, by a first interruption signal that is sent from the control unit SE to the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can alternatively or additionally be controlled by the control unit SE in order to initiate avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit when current limit values or current time limit values are exceeded. This is special If necessary, a galvanic isolation is caused. The initiation of the avoidance of a current flow or a possible galvanic interruption of the low-voltage circuit is carried out, for example, by a second interruption signal that is sent from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact system MK.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU can have semiconductor components such as bipolar transistors, field effect transistors (FET), isolated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), metal oxide layer field effect transistors (MOSFET) or other (self-guided) power semiconductors.
  • IGBTs and MOSFETs in particular are particularly suitable for the protective switching device according to the invention due to low flow resistances, high junction resistances and good switching behavior.
  • mechanical isolating contact unit MK is meant in particular a (standard) isolating function, implemented by the isolating contact unit MK.
  • the points are: -Minimum air distance according to standard (voltage-dependent) (minimum distance of contacts), -Contact position display of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact system, -Opening of the mechanical isolating contact system is always possible (no blocking of the isolating contact system - especially by the handle, free release), meant .
  • the DIN EN 60947 and IEC 60947 series of standards are relevant for the isolator function and its properties, to which reference is made here.
  • the protective switching device can be designed as a DIN rail-mountable protective switching device SG with a width of, for example, 1 TE, 1.5 TE or 2 TE with two-pole connections (L, N).
  • the width of built-in devices such as protective switching devices, circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers, etc. is given in division units, TE for short.
  • the width of a division unit is ⁇ 18 mm.
  • a single-pole circuit breaker according to the prior art has a width of 1 HP.
  • the internals of electrical installation distributors are tailored to the division units in accordance with DIN 43871 “Small installation distributors for built-in devices up to 63 A”, e.g. the width of mounting rails/hat rails.
  • the protective switching device SG in particular the control unit SE, is designed in such a way that when first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values are exceeded, avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated by a high-resistance state of the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit when the isolating contacts are closed.
  • the first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values can be limit values according to relevant standards, such as DIN EN 61008-1. For example, 30 mA for personal protection in Europe on a 230 volt low voltage circuit, 6 mA for personal protection in North America, 300 mA for fire protection (230 volts RMS). After avoiding a current flow due to a high-resistance state of the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit and the closed state of the contacts, a test is carried out to determine whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values have been exceeded.
  • the level of the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values can correspond to the level of the first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values.
  • the height of the second According to the invention, differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values are advantageous but smaller than the height of the first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values.
  • the height of the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values advantageously correspond to the standard values, but with a lower height, which results from the test. For example, if the test is carried out with a small voltage, especially a safety extra-low voltage, the residual currents will also be lower. This means that the level of the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values is determined by the level of the voltage during the test. The higher the voltage, the higher the level of the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values. If the mains voltage of the low-voltage circuit of e.g. 230 volts is used for the test (for a short time), the level of the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values corresponds to those of the first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values.
  • the check for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values (of the load-side connections) have been exceeded can be carried out by making at least one switching element, in particular two or all switching elements, of the electronic interruption unit (EU) low-resistance, in particular for a first duty cycle.
  • EU electronic interruption unit
  • the first duty cycle can be set in such a way that the effective value of the voltage present at the load connections (determined over one mains period) does not exceed 50 V. This means that the instantaneous value of the voltage can be briefly greater than 50 V, but the effective value of the voltage determined over a network period is less than 50 volts.
  • the first duty cycle is therefore always less than 20 ms, more specifically less than 10 ms, in particular less than 1 ms.
  • the test for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values (of the load-side connections) have been exceeded can be carried out by making at least one switching element, in particular two or all switching elements, of the electronic interruption unit (EU) low-resistance at an instantaneous value of the voltage that is less than is a first voltage threshold value (relative to an alternating voltage).
  • the electronic interruption unit can be switched on briefly, that is, the semiconductor-based switching element is briefly switched to low resistance.
  • a specific first duty cycle EDI at which the instantaneous voltage value u(t) of the alternating voltage does not exceed a specific value, for example 50 volts. For example, at zero crossing of the alternating voltage (0°) for approx. 444 ps / up to 8° the alternating voltage is switched on (electronic interruption unit EU low impedance), ie until the current voltage value reaches a maximum of 50 volts.
  • the switch-on time period is less than 1 ms, in particular less than 0.9 ms, more specifically about 0.8 ms (or half, depending on the switch-on time).
  • a reduced (test) voltage is applied to the load-side connections (load connections).
  • the effective value of this test voltage depends on the existing mains voltage and the first duty cycle EDI and is always smaller than the existing mains voltage.
  • the first switch-on period or the first voltage threshold are selected so that the effective value of the test voltage (applied to the network-side connections) is less than 50V.
  • the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values are adapted to a voltage of up to 50 volts.
  • the switching elements can become high-resistance again at an instantaneous value of the voltage that is greater than a second voltage threshold (such as 50 volts).
  • a second voltage threshold such as 50 volts
  • the test for at least one electrical parameter on the load-side connections can be carried out by applying an auxiliary voltage, in particular pulse direct voltage, which is smaller than a first voltage limit.
  • the height of the first voltage limit can be a (limit) value of the protective extra-low voltage or correspond to the voltage threshold value. According to the invention, there is no dangerous voltage at the load-side connections.
  • the first voltage limit can be, for example, 50 volts.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU can switch to the low-resistance state.
  • test can be carried out until the second residual current limit values or second residual current time limit values are undershot. Then changes the electronic interruption unit into the low-resistance state.
  • the isolating contacts can be opened (galvanic isolation, as with a classic residual current circuit breaker).
  • the first time period can also have a different value.
  • the first time period can have a time period in accordance with the standard for classic residual current protection/for classic residual current circuit breakers. Reference is made here to the standard DIN EN 61008-1, residual current/residual current circuit breakers without built-in overcurrent protection (RCCBs) for domestic installations and similar applications, in particular Part 1: General Requirements, which is incorporated here by reference becomes.
  • this standard states that a 30mA residual current circuit breaker (RCD) must trip within 300ms at the rated residual current (30mA). At twice the nominal fault current (60mA) within 150ms. At 5 times, or greater within 40ms.
  • RCD residual current circuit breaker
  • the first time period can be less than 300 ms, 150 ms, 100 ms, 40 ms, 30 ms, 20 ms or 10 ms.
  • behavior according to the standard or better can be provided, in which, for example, an interruption only has to occur after, for example, 300 ms.
  • the first time period ZS1 can have a value in the range 10 ms to 10 s, more specifically 10 ms to 40 ms or 40 ms to 150 ms or 150 ms to 300 ms or 1 s to 10 s.
  • the protective switching device SG can have a communication unit COM, in particular an input unit. If the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values for a second time range are not exceeded, for example a value from the range 20ms...100ms...1s...10s...100s, the electronic interruption unit EU only then changes to the low-resistance one State when an acknowledgment Ql (e.g.
  • the communication unit COM can have input elements on the housing of the protective switching device.
  • the communication unit can also or additionally have a wired (e.g. electrical, optical) or wireless (e.g. radio, optical) input option.
  • the communication unit (input unit) can also have a display function.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU can only switch back to the low-resistance state (EUn) if the second differential current limit value or second differential current time limit value is not exceeded for the duration of a (first (or) second ) time range was determined. Furthermore, after the first time period ZS1 has elapsed, an acknowledgment (Ql) of the absence of errors can take place (be necessary) before the electronic interruption unit EU changes back to the low-resistance state (EUn).
  • the computer program product can advantageously be stored on a computer-readable storage medium; such as a USB stick, CD-ROM, etc. ; be saved, e.g. B. to enable an upgrade to an extended version.
  • the computer program product can also advantageously be transmitted using a data carrier signal.
  • the SE control unit can:
  • a digital circuit e.g. B. with a (further) microprocessor; the (further) microprocessor can also contain an analogue part;
  • FIGS. 3 to 8 A portion of the above-mentioned time sequences is shown as an example in FIGS. 3 to 8.
  • Figures 3 to 8 each show a timeline t on which certain points in time mentioned above are entered, as well as entries regarding the evaluations of the first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values DSG1 or second differential current limit values or second differential current -Time limit values DSG2, as well as states of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK and the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • Figure 3 shows the time of avoiding a current flow VS, caused by exceeding first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values DSG1.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK Before the current flow VS is avoided, the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is in a closed state MKg of the contacts and the electronic interruption unit EU is in a low-resistance state EUn of the switching elements for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK continues to be in a closed state MKg of the contacts (for a potentially recurring current flow / to quickly prevent a current flow again) and the electronic interruption unit EU into a high-resistance state EUh of the switching elements to avoid the flow of current.
  • a check is carried out to determine whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 (at the load-side connection) have been exceeded.
  • Figure 4 shows a representation according to Figure 3, with the following differences.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU changes in the low-resistance state EUn, in particular if the second differential current limit values SB or second differential current time limit values DSG2 have not been exceeded for a first time range ZB1, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the first time range ZB1 can be very short (i.e. a quasi-immediate reconnection occurs), it can also be adjustable in terms of safety.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK has a closed state of the (isolating) contacts MKg over the entire period.
  • 5 shows a representation according to FIG , 30ms, 20 ms or 10 ms, the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are opened (MKo).
  • the electronic interruption unit EU remains in the high-resistance state EUh (since the current flow avoidance VS).
  • FIG. 6 shows a representation according to FIG des) first time range ZB1 (i.e. before the electronic interruption unit EU becomes low impedance). If the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 are exceeded for the first time period ZS1, the contacts MKo of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK are opened (after the first time period ZS1).
  • the electronic interruption unit EU then switches to the low-resistance state EUn if the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 for SB are not exceeded there was a second time range ZB2 (this can correspond to the first time range ZB1) and an acknowledgment (Ql) took place (by means of the communication unit COM, in particular input unit).
  • the check for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 have been exceeded is carried out until the excess is no longer present (SB) and/or the second time range has expired and/or the acknowledgment has taken place. This means that the check for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 have been exceeded can be continued until the electronic interruption unit EU changes to the low-resistance state EUn (in the example Ql). A check is then carried out again with regard to the first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values DSG1.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK has a closed state of the (isolating) contacts MKg over the entire period.
  • FIG. 8 shows a representation according to FIG. Furthermore, after the first time period ZS1 has elapsed, the check for whether the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values (DSG2) have been exceeded is carried out with a first time interval ZA1 (ie not always). Furthermore, if the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 are exceeded US (at least if there is no missing excess for the first or second time range ZB1, ZB2), the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is in an open state after a first time limit ZG1 has expired the contacts MKo changes.
  • the test is carried out with the first time interval ZA1 until the first time limit ZG1 is reached.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK changes to an open state MKo, provided that the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 are still exceeded.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU remains in the high-resistance state EUh (since the current flow avoidance VS).
  • the test for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 have been exceeded is advantageously carried out according to the invention by making at least one switching element, in particular two or all switching elements, of the electronic interruption unit EU low-resistance for a first duty cycle EDI.
  • the high-resistance state EUh of the electronic interruption unit EU does not mean a permanent high-resistance state, but rather the electronic interruption unit EU becomes low-resistance for a short time (for the first duty cycle EDI).
  • the first duty cycle EDI is, for example, very short (in relation to the other times), so that this does not conflict with the representation according to the figures and the basic functionality.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un disjoncteur de protection (SG) et à un procédé. Cette invention concerne un disjoncteur de protection (SG) conçu pour protéger un circuit électrique basse tension. Selon l'invention, des bornes côté réseau et côté charge (LG, NG, LL, NL) sont prévues pour des conducteurs du circuit basse tension ; une unité de coupure (MK) mécanique présentant un état fermé des contacts lorsque le courant circule dans le circuit basse tension des contacts ou un état ouvert des contacts en présence d'une isolation galvanique empêchant la circulation du courant dans le circuit électrique basse tension étant prévu ; une unité d'interruption électronique (EU) prévue étant montée côté circuit électrique en série avec l'unité de contact de coupure (MK) mécanique et présentant, par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de commutation à base de semi-conducteurs, un état à forte impédance des éléments de commutation pour éviter une circulation du courant ou un état à basse impédance des éléments de commutation pour la circulation de courant dans le circuit électrique basse tension ; le niveau d'intensité de courant différentiel des conducteurs du circuit électrique basse tension étant déterminé et en cas de dépassement de premières valeurs limites de courant différentiel ou de premières valeurs limites de temps de courant différentiel, la circulation du courant (VS) dans le circuit électrique basse tension est empêchée par un état à forte impédance (EUh) des éléments de commutation de l'unité d'interruption électronique lorsque les contacts de coupure sont à l'état fermé (MKg) ; une fois la circulation du courant empêchée par un état à forte impédance des éléments de commutation de l'unité d'interruption électronique et dans l'état fermé des contacts, un contrôle est effectué pour déterminer s'il y a un dépassement de deuxièmes valeurs limites de courant différentiel ou de deuxièmes valeurs limites de temps de courant différentiel.
PCT/EP2023/073117 2022-08-31 2023-08-23 Disjoncteur de protection et procédé WO2024046836A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

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DE4432643A1 (de) 1994-09-14 1996-03-21 Rainer Dipl Phys Berthold Kontaktanordnung für einen Fehlerstromschutzschalter
WO2007134768A1 (fr) * 2006-05-24 2007-11-29 Friedrich Lütze Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif de mise hors circuit ou mise en circuit automatique d'un récepteur électrique
GB2520961A (en) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-10 Eaton Ind Netherlands Bv Automatic reclosing alternating current circuit breaker
DE102020216405A1 (de) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Ansteuern eines Leistungshalbleiterschalters, Ansteuerschaltung für einen Leistungshalbleiterschalter sowie elektronischer Schutzschalter
WO2022136414A1 (fr) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Disjoncteur et procédé

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018213354A1 (de) 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgerät und Verfahren
DE102019213604A1 (de) 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät, Schutzschaltsystem und Verfahren
DE102020216396B3 (de) 2020-12-21 2022-05-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät und Verfahren

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4432643A1 (de) 1994-09-14 1996-03-21 Rainer Dipl Phys Berthold Kontaktanordnung für einen Fehlerstromschutzschalter
WO2007134768A1 (fr) * 2006-05-24 2007-11-29 Friedrich Lütze Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif de mise hors circuit ou mise en circuit automatique d'un récepteur électrique
GB2520961A (en) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-10 Eaton Ind Netherlands Bv Automatic reclosing alternating current circuit breaker
DE102020216405A1 (de) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Ansteuern eines Leistungshalbleiterschalters, Ansteuerschaltung für einen Leistungshalbleiterschalter sowie elektronischer Schutzschalter
WO2022136414A1 (fr) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Disjoncteur et procédé

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