WO2024045649A1 - Near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method for pattern of active array antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

A near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method for a pattern of an active array antenna, which is used for increasing the measurement speed of the pattern of the active array antenna, can shorten the measurement distance, and can complete measurement of the pattern of the active array antenna when no turntable is required and the position of a probe is fixed. The measurement system comprises a mechanical adjustment device, an amplitude-phase measurement subsystem, a control subsystem, and a probe antenna (1). The measurement method comprises: determining the placement position of the probe antenna (1) according to array plane parameters; dividing unit antennas in an array into a certain number of antenna groups according to the array plane parameters and the position of a probe; establishing an amplitude-phase state table to be measured for the antenna groups according to a beam group to be measured, and merging repeated states; performing measurement to obtain an actually measured amplitude-phase excitation table; according to simulated and actually measured patterns of the antenna groups, calculating a normalized amplitude-phase excitation table of the antenna groups from the actually measured amplitude-phase excitation table; and calculating a pattern of a beam to be measured of the array according to the simulated and actually measured patterns of the antenna groups and the normalized amplitude-phase excitation table of the antenna groups.

Description

A near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method for active array antenna pattern Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of antenna measurement technology, and relates to a near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method for an active array antenna pattern, which can be used to quickly measure the patterns of different beams in the near field of the array.

Background technique

In the continuous evolution of wireless communication technology, increasing the spectrum bandwidth and spectrum efficiency of the system is the key to realizing the needs of wireless communication systems. The current wireless communication technology is very close to the Shannon limit of channel capacity. Therefore, for the new generation of mobile communication systems, higher frequency spectrum resources (including Sub-6GHz frequency band and millimeter wave frequency band) are used to improve the communication system required. Signal bandwidth, the use of dynamic beamforming technology and multi-channel input and output (MIMO) technology to achieve spatial division multiplexing, thereby significantly improving spectrum resource utilization has become the mainstream technology for 5G wireless communication base stations. In terms of millimeter wave hardware system architecture, the use of active antenna arrays to achieve dynamic beamforming has become the mainstream architecture of the current 5G millimeter wave communication transceiver system.

In recent years, as 5G-related industries have gradually entered the stage of technology commercialization and actual deployment, the testing technology of active array antennas has become increasingly important. Currently, the application of traditional conduction test methods for low-frequency systems to active array antennas mainly has the following problems:

1. Active array antennas, especially millimeter-wave active array antennas, have a large number of units and small unit sizes. At the same time, they are often integrated with the transceiver system. In the design, there is usually no connector between the transceiver system and the antenna. interface, so it is difficult to directly apply conduction testing.

2. In higher frequency bands, especially millimeter wave bands, the use of conductive testing places extremely high requirements on the loss, consistency and repeatability of test cables, making conductive testing impractical.

3. The radiation field characteristics of larger-scale active arrays are crucial to realizing system applications, but it is difficult to accurately evaluate the radiation characteristics of array-level systems through conduction testing.

Therefore, the traditional conduction test method of low-frequency band systems will no longer be feasible for larger-scale, higher-frequency active array antennas, especially for millimeter-wave frequency bands. According to the 3GPP standards, millimeter-wave active array antennas All tests must be conducted under the air interface.

Strictly speaking, only far field or equivalent far field (such as compact field) test results can represent the final test results of the indicator, but this usually imposes higher requirements on the test environment and test time.

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: The purpose of this invention is to propose a near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method for active array antenna pattern. The far-field pattern can also be characterized by performing corresponding calculations based on the test results of the near-field air interface amplitude and phase test. Test results, thereby reducing the requirements for the test environment, reducing test costs and reducing test time.

Technical solution: In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

The present invention is a near-field air interface rapid measurement system for active array antenna pattern, which is characterized by: including a probe antenna, a mechanical adjustment device, an amplitude and phase test subsystem and a control subsystem, wherein:

The probe antenna is any antenna with known pattern characteristics. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio during the test, a high-gain antenna is used;

The mechanical adjustment device includes a probe position adjustment device and an active array antenna position adjustment device, which is used to adjust the height, distance, pitch angle, azimuth angle, and relative position of the probe antenna and the active array antenna under test, thereby achieving Align the center of the probe antenna with the center of the active array antenna under test, align the normal direction of the probe antenna with the normal direction of the active array antenna under test, and calibrate the distance;

The amplitude and phase test subsystem includes a probe antenna, an amplitude and phase test instrument for performing amplitude and phase tests, a first radio frequency cable for connecting the amplitude and phase test instrument and the probe antenna, and a first radio frequency cable for connecting the amplitude and phase test instrument and the measured object. a second RF cable for the active array antenna;

The control subsystem includes a control platform that implements control and operation, a first data line used to connect the control platform and the amplitude and phase test instrument, a second data line used to connect the control platform and the active array antenna under test, and a corresponding The control part; among which, the control part includes pre-grouping the units on the active array antenna under test, selecting and designing the beam to be tested, generating the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group under test according to the beam to be tested, and pre-grouping the active array under test Antenna control, amplitude and phase test instrument control and data reading, data processing and pattern drawing;

The specific connection relationship is as follows: the probe antenna is fixed on the probe position adjustment device, the active array antenna under test is fixed on the active array antenna position adjustment device, the probe antenna and the amplitude and phase testing instrument are connected through the first radio frequency cable. The active array antenna and the amplitude and phase test instrument are connected through a second RF cable, the amplitude and phase test instrument and the control platform are connected through a first data line, and the active array antenna under test and the control platform are connected through a second data line. connect.

The high-gain antenna of the probe antenna adopts a pyramidal horn antenna.

The method for quickly measuring the near-field air interface of the active array antenna pattern of the present invention is: in the near field of the active array antenna under test, adjust the position of the active array antenna position adjustment device and fix it, and then measure the air interface amplitude and phase. According to The measurement results run the control platform in the control subsystem to obtain the far-field pattern of the active array beam to be measured. The rapid measurement method includes the following steps:

Step 1: Determine the relative positions of the active array antenna under test and the probe antenna according to the parameters and operating frequency of the active array antenna under test, and use the active array antenna position adjustment device to make the center of the active array antenna under test face the center of the probe antenna. And the distance from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active array antenna under test is required to meet the near-field range requirements of the active array, and at the same time meet the far-field range requirements of a unit in the array and the far-field range requirements of the probe antenna;

Step 2: According to the parameters of the active array antenna under test, the unit antenna pattern and the position of the probe antenna, the active array under test is The unit antenna in the column antenna is divided into multiple antenna groups, and the far-field complex pattern G _mf of the antenna group is obtained through simulation or actual measurement, m=1,2...M; m is the antenna group number, and M is the total number of antenna groups;

Step 3: Select the beam group to be tested based on the parameters of the active array antenna under test and the antenna group division form determined in step 2, and establish the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be measured;

Step 4: Fine-tune the beam group to be measured and further add repeated states in the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be measured;

Step 5: Merge the repeated states in the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be measured;

Step 6: According to the combined amplitude and phase state table to be measured, excite one antenna group at a time, use the amplitude and phase testing instrument (5) to perform amplitude and phase testing, and obtain the actual measured amplitude and phase excitation table;

Step 7: According to the simulated or measured antenna group pattern G _mf in step 2, calculate the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table of the antenna group from the measured amplitude and phase excitation table. The calculation process can be expressed as:

Among them, m represents the number of the antenna group, A _gm ^M represents the measured amplitude and phase excitation of the antenna group m, l _gm is the distance from the center of the antenna group m to the probe antenna, σ _gm represents the normalized amplitude and phase excitation of the antenna group m, G _gmf is the far field pattern of antenna group m, and is the pitch angle and azimuth angle of the center of the antenna group m relative to the probe antenna, G _pf is the far-field pattern of the probe antenna;

Step 8: Calculate the far-field pattern of the measured beam of the active array antenna under test through the simulated and measured antenna group pattern and the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table of the antenna group. For any two-dimensional U×V unit Active antenna array, the calculation process is expressed as:

Among them, u=1,2...U, u is the row number of the antenna unit, U is the total number of antenna unit rows, v=1,2...V, v is the column number of the antenna unit, V is the total number of antenna unit columns, σ _uv is the normalized amplitude complex excitation of the antenna unit (u, v), l _uv is the distance from the center of the antenna unit (u, v) to the ideal far-field observation point (θ, φ). G _uvf is the far-field pattern of the antenna unit (u, v), and P _array (θ, φ) is the far-field pattern of the measured beam of the active array antenna under test.

The near field refers to the distance (D) from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active array, which meets the near field range requirements of the active antenna array under test, but is still required to meet the far field range requirements of a unit in the array. Right now Among them, d _E represents the maximum size of the unit antenna, and d _A represents the maximum size of the active array antenna under test.

The fixed mechanical adjustment device is only intended to achieve the alignment of the probe antenna center and the center of the active antenna array under test, the normal direction of the probe antenna and the normal direction of the active antenna array under test, and ensure that the probe antenna is aligned through the mechanical adjustment device. The distance requirement from the center to the center of the active antenna array under test meets and calibrate the distance. During the actual measurement process, the machine The mechanical adjustment device does not work.

The fixed position means that after the mechanical position adjustment process is carried out in advance, the position of each subsystem and equipment does not change during the measurement process. The probe antenna is located on the probe position adjustment device, and the active array antenna under test is fixed on the active array. Antenna position adjustment device.

The measurement of the amplitude and phase of the air interface means that the active array antenna under test and the probe antenna are not directly connected with a cable, but the amplitude and phase measurement instruments or equipment are used to directly measure the probe antenna in different states at the air interface. Measure the amplitude and phase characteristics of active array antennas.

To divide the unit antenna in the active array antenna under test into multiple antenna groups, it is only necessary to consider the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna group and the equivalent amplitude phase complex excitation of the antenna group. At this time, the horizontal plane pattern of the array represents for

Among them, i=1,2...I, i is the column number of the antenna group, I is the total number of antenna group columns, G _givH is the horizontal direction pattern of the antenna group (i, v), σ _giv is the antenna group (i, v) The normalized amplitude complex excitation of , l _iv is the distance from the center of the antenna group (i, v) to the observation point.

In the process of dividing into multiple antenna groups, it is necessary to ensure that the amplitude and phase test results from any antenna group to the probe antenna are recorded as _{Agiv and} that the far-field amplitude and phase test results of ^M that can be close to the antenna group are recorded as _Agiv .

Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing technology, the present invention provides a near-field air interface fast measurement system and method for active array antenna patterns. Its advantages are:

(1) The entire test process can be completed in the near field of the array, so the demand for the size of the darkroom space or the size of the open space is greatly reduced. For the tested device illustrated in the present invention, for traditional far-field testing, the required array area is The probe distance is 8.67m, and using the test method in the present invention, the required distance from the array to the probe is 0.7m, which is only 8.1% of the traditional far-field test method.

(2) The entire testing process does not require displacement after pre-adjusting the mechanical position. Therefore, compared with traditional far-field testing methods, no turntable is required, thus further saving costs and complexity of the testing system.

(3) The entire test process only requires amplitude and phase tests for the antenna group. Compared with the traditional far-field test method, the number of tests is greatly reduced. Taking the 7 beams on the horizontal plane after fine-tuning as an example, if the traditional far-field test method uses 1 degree 1 measurement, for the pattern in the range of -60° to 60°, a total of 7×121=847 amplitude and phase measurements are required, while this method only requires 45 measurements, which is only 5.3% of the traditional far-field test method. If Using optional step 4 in the measurement method, fine-tuning the beam group to be measured and further adding repeated states in the amplitude and phase state table of the established antenna group to be measured, the required measurement method can be further reduced to 37 times, which is only traditional 4.4% for far field test methods.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a near-field air interface rapid measurement system for active array antenna patterns proposed by the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart for implementing the method for fast near-field air interface measurement of active array antenna pattern proposed by the present invention.

Figure 3 is a photo of the antenna side of the device under test in the measurement example provided by the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the antenna grouping mentioned in the present invention.

Figure 5 is a comparison of the patterns under different beams measured by the near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method of the active array antenna pattern proposed by the present invention and the traditional far-field pattern testing method, wherein (a) measured The pointing direction of the beam is 0°, and the array is in the transmitting state; (b) the measured beam pointing direction is 0°, and the array is in the receiving state; (c) the measured beam pointing direction is 15°, and the array is in the transmitting state; (d) The pointing direction of the measured beam is -15°, and the array is in the receiving state; (e) the pointing direction of the measured beam is 30°, and the array is in the transmitting state; (f) the pointing direction of the measured beam is -30°, and the array is in the receiving state; ( g) The measured beam's pointing direction is 45°, and the array is in the transmitting state; (h) The measured beam's pointing direction is -45°, and the array is in the receiving state.

The figure shows: probe antenna 1, active array antenna under test 2, probe position adjustment device 3, active array antenna position adjustment device 4, amplitude and phase test instrument 5, control platform 6, first radio frequency cable 7, second radio frequency Cable 8, first data line 9, second data line 10.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Figure 1, a near-field air interface rapid measurement system for active array antenna pattern includes: probe antenna, mechanical adjustment device, amplitude and phase test subsystem and control and algorithm subsystem, including:

The probe antenna is any antenna with known pattern characteristics. Usually, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio during the test process, a high-gain antenna is used. In this example, a pyramidal horn antenna is used as the probe antenna.

The mechanical adjustment device, including the probe position adjustment device 3 and the array position adjustment device 4, is used to adjust the height, distance D, pitch angle, azimuth angle, and relative position of the probe and the array, thereby achieving alignment of the probe center and the array center. Align and calibrate the distance between the probe normal and the array normal.

The amplitude and phase test subsystem includes an amplitude and phase test instrument 5 for performing amplitude and phase testing, and a first radio frequency cable 7 and a second radio frequency cable for connecting the amplitude and phase test instrument to the probe antenna and the active array antenna under test. Cable 8.

The control subsystem includes an implementation control platform 6 and corresponding software parts. Among them, the software part includes pre-grouping of units on the active array, selecting and designing the beam to be tested, generating the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be tested based on the beam to be tested, controlling the active array, and controlling the amplitude and phase test instruments. Control and data reading, data processing and pattern drawing.

Referring to Figure 2, a method for quickly measuring the near-field air interface of the active array antenna pattern. The following is a close-range measurement of the active array antenna pattern proposed by the present invention, taking the measured active array antenna as shown in Figure 3 as an example. The rapid measurement method of field air interface is clearly and completely described. The steps are as follows:

(1) Determine the relative position of the active array and the probe according to the array parameters and operating frequency, and adjust the active array through the mechanical adjustment device. The center of the source array is facing the center of the probe, and the distance from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active array is required to meet the near-field range requirements of the active array and at the same time meet the far-field range requirements of a unit in the array. As shown in Figure 3, the present invention uses an 8×8 unit active antenna array as an example, where each unit is a 2×1 probe-fed binary patch antenna array, and the test frequency band is 26GHz. The antenna units are arranged at half wavelength in the horizontal direction and at the full wavelength in the vertical direction. In this measurement system example, the distance from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active array is 0.7m, which meets the near field range of the active array. requirements and far-field range requirements of an element in the array;

(2) Divide the unit antennas in the array into a certain number of antenna groups according to the array parameters and probe positions, and obtain the far-field complex pattern G _gmf of the antenna group through simulation or actual measurement, m=1,2...M, m is The number of the antenna group, M is the total number of antenna groups.

For an N-unit active array antenna, according to the electromagnetic field superposition theorem, its ideal far-field electric field distribution can be expressed as

Among them, (l, θ, φ) are the polar coordinates of any far-field observation point, n = 1, 2...N; n is the antenna unit number, N is the total number of antenna units, G _nf is the far-field direction of antenna unit n In the figure, θ _n and φ _n are the azimuth and elevation angles of the far-field observation point relative to the antenna unit n, h _n is the spatial response from the far-field observation point to the antenna unit n, ξ _n is the amplitude-phase complex excitation of the antenna unit n .

Under far-field conditions, the spatial response h _n can be decomposed into an amplitude response (path loss) λ/(4πl _n ) and a phase response 2πr _n /λ, where l _n is the distance from the observation point to the antenna unit n. Therefore, for a two-dimensional U×V unit active antenna array, its normalized pattern can be expressed as

Among them, u=1,2...U, u is the row number of the antenna unit, U is the total number of antenna unit rows, v=1,2...V, v is the column number of the antenna unit, V is the total number of antenna unit columns, σ _uv is the normalized amplitude complex excitation of the antenna unit (u, v).

When evaluating the beamforming performance of an active array antenna, it is usually only necessary to measure the beams in the horizontal and vertical planes. Taking the horizontal plane beam as an example, when a two-dimensional array forms a horizontal plane beam, it is necessary to ensure that each column is in the vertical plane. The normal beam is formed in the horizontal plane, that is to say, the phase relationship between the units in each column of the array remains unchanged when forming different horizontal plane beams. Therefore, the antenna units in each column can be divided into several antenna groups. It is only necessary to consider the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna group and the equivalent amplitude phase complex excitation of the antenna group. At this time, the horizontal plane pattern of the array can be expressed as

Among them, i=1,2...I, i is the column number of the antenna group, I is the total number of antenna group columns, G _givH is the horizontal aspect of the antenna group (i, v) In the diagram, σ _giv is the normalized amplitude complex excitation of the antenna group (i, v), and l _iv is the distance from the center of the antenna group (i, v) to the observation point.

During the grouping process, it is necessary to ensure that the amplitude and phase test results from any antenna group to the probe antenna (denoted as A _giv ^M ) can be close to the far-field amplitude and phase test results of the antenna group (denoted as A _giv ). Since the test process is in the array Within the near field range, therefore, when there are too many elements in the antenna group, the probe antenna may also be within the near field range of the antenna group. However, considering that σ _giv is the normalized amplitude complex excitation of the antenna group (i, v), only when there is a large error in A _giv ^M -A _giv of different antenna groups, it will have an impact on the calculation of σ _giv . You can This error is avoided by reducing the number of antenna elements in the antenna group. The 8×8 unit active array illustrated in the present invention can be grouped with reference to Figure 4, and each column of antenna units constitutes an antenna group.

(3) Select the beam group to be measured based on the array parameters and antenna group, and establish the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be measured. The measurement system as an example in the present invention selects 7 beams of the measured array in the horizontal plane, and their beam directions are -45°, -30°, -15°, 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°, where The amplitude state of each antenna group is maintained at the maximum value, and the phase state of the antenna group is shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1

Antenna group to be tested phase status table of the beam group to be tested

Among them, the gray marked are repeated states, and there are 11 repeated states among the 56 phase states.

(4) (Optional) Fine-tune the beam group to be tested and further increase the repeated states in the amplitude and phase state table of the established antenna group to be measured, thereby reducing the number of tests. For the beam group and antenna to be tested as shown in Table 1 The phase state table of the group to be tested can be fine-tuned as shown in Table 2 below, where the gray marks are repeating states. There are 18 repeating states among the 56 phase states, and the amplitude state of each antenna group remains at the maximum value.

Table 2

Phase status table of the antenna group to be tested for the beam group to be tested after fine-tuning

(5) Degenerate the repeated states in the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be measured, and only 45 tests are needed in total. If step (4) is adopted, only 37 tests are needed in total;

(6) According to the degenerated amplitude and phase state table to be measured, excite one antenna group at a time, use amplitude and phase testing instruments or equipment to perform amplitude and phase tests, and obtain the actual measured amplitude and phase excitation table, namely _Agiv ^M ;

(7) According to the simulated or measured antenna group pattern G _gmf in (2), calculate the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table σ _gm of the antenna group from the measured amplitude and phase excitation table. The calculation process can be expressed as:

Among them, m is the number of the antenna group, which can also be expressed as (i, v) by the row and column number of the antenna group, l _gm is the distance from the center of the antenna group m to the probe antenna, and is the pitch angle and azimuth angle of the center of the antenna group m relative to the probe antenna, and G _pf is the far-field pattern of the probe antenna.

(8) Calculate the beam pattern of the array to be measured through the simulated and measured antenna group patterns and the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table of the antenna group. The calculation process can be expressed as:

Among them, G _givH is the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna group (i, v), σ _giv is the normalized amplitude and phase excitation σ _gm of the antenna group corresponding to a certain beam obtained in step (7), and dx is the level of the antenna unit direction spacing.

In order to verify the authenticity and reliability of the near-field air interface fast measurement system and method of the active array antenna pattern proposed by the present invention, the measurement system and method proposed by the present invention are then used to conduct pattern testing on the array under test in Figure 3. Later, envoy It was tested using traditional far-field testing methods, and Figure 5 provides the test comparison results.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical ideas of the present invention and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made based on the technical solutions based on the technical ideas proposed by the present invention will fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Inside.

The near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method of the active array antenna pattern proposed by the present invention performs corresponding calculations through the test results of the near-field air interface amplitude and phase test, thereby characterizing the far-field pattern test results. The probe antenna is required to The array distance is only 8.1% of the traditional far-field test method, and the required number of tests is only 4.4% of the traditional far-field test method, which greatly reduces the cost of active array antenna pattern testing, improves test efficiency, and has a systematic It has the advantages of low complexity and no need for a turntable.

Claims (9)

1. A near-field air interface rapid measurement system for active array antenna pattern, which is characterized by: including a probe antenna, a mechanical adjustment device, an amplitude and phase test subsystem and a control subsystem, wherein:

   The probe antenna (1) is any antenna with known pattern characteristics. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio during the test, a high-gain antenna is used;

   The mechanical adjustment device includes a probe position adjustment device (3) and an active array antenna position adjustment device (4), which are used to adjust the height and distance (D) of the probe antenna (1) and the active array antenna under test (2). ), pitch angle, azimuth angle, and relative position are adjusted to achieve alignment between the center of the probe antenna (1) and the center of the active array antenna under test (2), and the normal direction of the probe antenna (1) and the center of the active array antenna under test (2). 2) Normal alignment and distance calibration;

   The amplitude and phase test subsystem includes a probe antenna (1), an amplitude and phase testing instrument (5) for performing amplitude and phase testing, and a first radio frequency for connecting the amplitude and phase testing instrument (5) and the probe antenna (1). Cable (7), a second radio frequency cable (8) used to connect the amplitude and phase test instrument (5) and the active array antenna under test (2);

   The control subsystem includes a control platform (6) for realizing control and operation, a first data line (9) for connecting the control platform (6) and the amplitude and phase test instrument (5), and a first data line (9) for connecting the control platform (6). ) and the second data line (10) of the active array antenna (2) under test and the corresponding control part; wherein, the control part includes pre-grouping, selection and design of the units on the active array antenna (2) under test. Testing the beam, generating the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be tested based on the beam to be tested, controlling the active array antenna under test (2), controlling the amplitude and phase test instrument (5) and reading data, data processing and direction graph drawing;

   The specific connection relationship is as follows: the probe antenna (1) is fixed on the probe position adjustment device (3), the active array antenna under test (2) is fixed on the active array antenna position adjustment device (4), the probe antenna (1) and The amplitude and phase testing instruments (5) are connected through a first radio frequency cable (7), and the tested active array antenna (2) and the amplitude and phase testing instruments (5) are connected through a second radio frequency cable (8). The test instrument (5) and the control platform (6) are connected through a first data line (9), and the active array antenna under test (2) and the control platform (6) are connected through a second data line (10).
2. A near-field air interface rapid measurement system for active array antenna pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-gain antenna of the probe antenna (1) adopts a pyramid horn antenna.
3. A method for fast near-field air interface measurement of the active array antenna pattern of the system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the near field of the active array antenna (2) under test, the position of the active array antenna is adjusted. After adjusting the position of the device (4) and fixing it, measure the air interface amplitude and phase, and run the control platform (6) in the control subsystem according to the measurement results to obtain the far-field pattern of the active array beam to be measured. This rapid measurement method Includes the following steps:

   Step 1: Determine the relative positions of the active array antenna under test (2) and the probe antenna (1) according to the parameters and operating frequency of the active array antenna under test (2), and use the active array antenna position adjustment device (4) to adjust the position of the active array antenna under test (2). The center of the active array antenna (2) under test is facing the center of the probe antenna (1), and the distance from the center of the probe antenna (1) to the center of the active array antenna (2) under test is required to meet the near-field range requirements of the active array, and At the same time, it meets the far-field range requirements of an element in the array and the requirements of the probe antenna. Far field range requirements;

   Step 2: Divide the unit antenna in the active array antenna under test (2) into multiple antenna groups according to the parameters of the active array antenna under test (2), the unit antenna pattern and the position of the probe antenna (1), and simulate Or the far-field complex pattern G _mf of the antenna group is measured, m=1,2...M; m is the antenna group number, M is the total number of antenna groups;

   Step 3: Select the beam group to be tested based on the parameters of the active array antenna (2) under test and the antenna group division form determined in step 2, and establish the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be measured;

   Step 4: Fine-tune the beam group to be measured and further add repeated states in the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be measured;

   Step 5: Merge the repeated states in the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be measured;

   Step 6: According to the combined amplitude and phase state table to be measured, excite one antenna group at a time, use the amplitude and phase testing instrument (5) to perform amplitude and phase testing, and obtain the actual measured amplitude and phase excitation table;

   Step 7: According to the simulated or measured antenna group pattern G _mf in step 2, calculate the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table of the antenna group from the measured amplitude and phase excitation table. The calculation process can be expressed as:
   

   Among them, m represents the number of the antenna group, A _gm ^M represents the measured amplitude and phase excitation of the antenna group m, l _gm is the distance from the center of the antenna group m to the probe antenna, σ _gm represents the normalized amplitude and phase excitation of the antenna group m, G _gmf is the far field pattern of antenna group m, and is the pitch angle and azimuth angle of the center of the antenna group m relative to the probe antenna, G _pf is the far-field pattern of the probe antenna;

   Step 8: Calculate the far-field pattern of the measured beam of the active array antenna under test through the simulated and measured antenna group pattern and the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table of the antenna group. For any two-dimensional U×V unit Active antenna array, the calculation process is expressed as:
   

   Among them, u=1,2...U, u is the row number of the antenna unit, U is the total number of antenna unit rows, v=1,2...V, v is the column number of the antenna unit, V is the total number of antenna unit columns, σ _uv is the normalized amplitude complex excitation of the antenna unit (u, v), l _uv is the distance from the center of the antenna unit (u, v) to the ideal far-field observation point (θ, φ). G _uvf is the far-field pattern of the antenna unit (u, v), and P _array (θ, φ) is the far-field pattern of the measured beam of the active array antenna under test.
4. The near-field air interface quick measurement method of active array antenna pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that the near field refers to the distance (D) from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active array, which satisfies the requirement of the measured The near field range requirements of the source antenna array, but the distance is still required to meet the far field range requirements of a unit in the array, that is Among them, d _E represents the maximum size of the unit antenna, and d _A represents the maximum size of the active array antenna under test.
5. The near-field air interface quick measurement method of active array antenna pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixed mechanical adjustment device is only intended to realize the center of the probe antenna (1) and the measured position through the mechanical adjustment device. Align the center of the active antenna array (2), the normal direction of the probe antenna (1) and the normal direction of the active antenna array under test (2), and ensure that the distance requirements from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active antenna array under test meet the requirements And calibrate the distance. During the actual measurement process, the mechanical adjustment device does not work.
6. The near-field air interface quick measurement method of active array antenna pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixed position refers to each subsystem and equipment during the measurement process after the mechanical position adjustment process is performed in advance. The position does not change, the probe antenna (1) is located on the probe position adjustment device (3), and the active array antenna (2) under test is fixed on the active array antenna position adjustment device (4).
7. The near-field air interface quick measurement method of active array antenna pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that the measurement of the air interface amplitude and phase refers to the measured active array antenna (2) and the probe antenna (1 ) are not directly connected with cables, but directly measure the amplitude and phase characteristics of the probe antenna (1) in different states of the active array antenna (2) under test through the air interface through amplitude and phase measuring instruments or equipment.
8. The near-field air interface quick measurement method of the active array antenna pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that the unit antenna in the active array antenna (2) under test is divided into multiple antenna groups. Just consider the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna group and the equivalent amplitude phase complex excitation of the antenna group. At this time, the horizontal plane pattern of the array is expressed as
   

   Among them, i=1,2...I, i is the column number of the antenna group, I is the total number of antenna group columns, G _givH is the horizontal direction pattern of the antenna group (i, v), σ _giv is the antenna group (i, v) The normalized amplitude complex excitation of , l _iv is the distance from the center of the antenna group (i, v) to the observation point.
9. The near-field air interface quick measurement method of active array antenna pattern according to claim 8, characterized in that during the process of dividing into multiple antenna groups, it is necessary to ensure the amplitude and phase test results from any antenna group to the probe antenna A _giv ^M can be close to the far-field amplitude and phase test results A _giv of the antenna group.