WO2024042655A1

WO2024042655A1 - System, information processing device, server device, computer program, and/or method

Info

Publication number: WO2024042655A1
Application number: PCT/JP2022/031934
Authority: WO
Inventors: ディリーパジャヤティラカ
Original assignee: ＴｒａｃｉｆｉｅｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ株式会社
Priority date: 2022-08-24
Filing date: 2022-08-24
Publication date: 2024-02-29

Abstract

[Problem] To provide technology that uses data pertaining more to a target. [Solution] This system comprises: a first acquisition unit that acquires one or a plurality of pieces of first data, each of which corresponds to prescribed one or a plurality of static data types specified for a supply chain or a value chain; a second acquisition unit that acquires one or a plurality of pieces of second data, each of which corresponds to prescribed one or a plurality of dynamic data types specified for the supply chain or the value chain, the one or the plurality of pieces of second data including geographical data for an information processing device that acquired at least one piece of the second data and temporal data for the acquisition of the geographical data; and a processing unit that performs a process for storing, in a block chain, the one or the plurality of pieces of second data in association with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages corresponding to the configuration of the supply chain or the value chain.

Description

System, information processing device, server device, computer program, and/or method

The technology disclosed in this application relates to a system, an information processing device, a server device, a computer program, and/or a method.

In recent years, support methods using information processing technology have begun to be introduced in the supply chain and value chain fields.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-86938 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-21134 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2015-115016

However, there are situations where information processing technology is not being utilized in supply chains and value chains that manage multiple objects. Therefore, various embodiments of the present invention provide a system, an information processing device, a server device, a computer program, and/or a method to solve the above problems.

One embodiment according to the present application is
a first acquisition unit that acquires one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain;
One or more pieces of second data each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the information processing device having acquired at least one piece of the second data. a second acquisition unit that acquires the one or more second data including geographical data and temporal data obtained by acquiring the geographical data;
Processing is performed to associate the one or more pieces of second data with management unit data for at least one stage of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and to store the data in a blockchain. processing section,
A system equipped with

Other embodiments according to the present application include:
the system,
a first acquisition step of acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain;
One or more pieces of second data each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the information processing device having acquired at least one piece of the second data. a second acquisition step of acquiring the one or more second data including geographical data and temporal data from which the geographical data was acquired;
Processing is performed to associate the one or more pieces of second data with management unit data for at least one stage of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and to store the data in a blockchain. processing step,
How to do it.

Other embodiments according to the present application include:
system,
a first acquisition means for acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain;
One or more pieces of second data each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the information processing device having acquired at least one piece of the second data. a second acquisition means for acquiring the one or more second data including geographical data and temporal data obtained by acquiring the geographical data;
Processing is performed to associate the one or more pieces of second data with management unit data for at least one stage of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and to store the data in a blockchain. processing means,
A computer program for operating as

An embodiment of the present invention relates to a technique that utilizes data related to an object.

FIG. 1 is an example block diagram showing the relationship between a system and peripheral devices according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing of a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of stages and the like of a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 4 is an example of a screen displayed by an end user application of a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 5 is an example of a screen displayed by an end user application of a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 6 is an example of a screen displayed by an end user application of a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 7 is an example schematically showing the relationship of data related to batch IDs in a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 8 is an example schematically showing the relationship of data related to batch IDs in a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 9 is an example schematically showing the relationship of data related to batch IDs in a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 10 is an example schematically showing the relationship of data related to batch IDs in a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 11 is an example schematically showing the relationship of data related to batch IDs in a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 12 is an example of a screen displayed by an end user application of a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 13 is an example of a screen displayed by an end user application of a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 14 is an example of a relationship between stages and static data types and/or dynamic data types in a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 15 is an example of a relationship between stages and static data types and/or dynamic data types in a system according to one embodiment. FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an information processing device related to a system according to an embodiment.

1. Overview The technology related to this application involves the transfer of possession of a product between multiple parties (hereinafter referred to simply as a "supply chain" in the application documents) or a value chain, in which targets are transferred at multiple stages. Related to technology that supports the use of data regarding the transfer of goods. In addition, in the following, when we refer to supply chain, it is also appropriate to refer to value chain.

As mentioned above, the supply chain involves multiple stages, so the data from these stages can affect the reliability of the object. Therefore, the technology according to the present application relates to a technology that supports the use of such data.

2. Hardware System The hardware that executes the computer software according to the present application may be composed of one or more information processing devices. Further, the hardware that executes the computer software according to the present application may include one or more sensors, one or more servers, one or more terminal devices, and/or one or more sensors. The hardware that executes the computer software according to the present application may be in a cloud format. Note that one or more sensors may include an information processing device.

The sensor may be a device capable of acquiring data of the external environment. For example, the sensor may be a visual sensor, an auditory data sensor, a tactile sensor, an olfactory sensor, a gustatory sensor, a geographic data acquisition sensor, and/or the like. The visual sensor may be a sensor capable of acquiring images such as still images or moving images, and may be an imaging device. The auditory sensor may be a sensor capable of acquiring sound data. Additionally, the tactile sensor may be a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, or the like. Further, the olfactory sensor may be a smell sensor. The gustatory sensor may be a taste sensor. Geographic data acquisition sensors may be GPS, RTLS, etc.

Additionally, the information processing device may be a printer equipped with a printing function. As described below, the printer may have a function of printing code data according to instructions from a server, a cloud, and/or a terminal device.

FIG. 1 is an example of the various systems described below. In this figure, the system of one embodiment may include a server 001. For example, the system of one embodiment may be comprised of one or more servers. Moreover, the system of other embodiments may be configured from one or more servers and/or a cloud system. The server and/or cloud system may be owned by the same owner as the system in one embodiment, or may be owned by a different owner. Additionally, the system of other embodiments may include one or more servers, a cloud system, and/or one or more terminal devices. Moreover, the system of other embodiments may be configured only from one or more terminal devices. Particularly in the case where the system of one embodiment directly accesses the blockchain, the system of one embodiment may be configured only from a user terminal, an authenticator terminal, or an end user terminal.

Such a system may be managed, including operation, by one or more terminal devices. For example, in this figure, one or more terminal devices may be connectable to the server 001 directly or indirectly so as to be able to send and receive data. The terminal devices F and G may be devices that perform management including system operation. For example, terminal devices F and G may be devices used by a system administrator.

One or more terminal devices may be connectable to the server 001, directly or indirectly, so as to be able to send and receive data. For example, one or more terminal devices may be connectable to the server 001 via the Internet. In this figure, terminal devices 002A to 002E are shown, but these are just examples, and there is no limit to the number. One terminal device may have a function of receiving input of one or more static data types and/or one or more dynamic data types related to one or more stages, which will be described later. In addition, one terminal device inputs data corresponding to one or more static data types and/or data corresponding to one or more dynamic data types related to one or more stages described below. It may be possible to have a function to accept Further, a program capable of executing a user application, an authenticator application, and/or an end user application, which will be described later, may be downloaded from the Internet and installed on one or more terminal devices. The one or more terminal devices may be capable of executing a user application, an authenticator application, and/or an end user application, which will be described later.

3. Embodiment
3.1. System of First Embodiment Next, the processing of the system of one embodiment according to the present application will be explained in chronological order.

Step 1
The system of this embodiment may obtain multiple stages for a particular supply chain. The definition of the stage will be described later.

In the present document, what is provided to the final end user in the supply chain or value chain targeted by the system of this embodiment is simply referred to as the "final object." Examples of objects may be physical objects such as agricultural products such as apples, foodstuffs such as cheese, industrial products, traditional crafts, and works of art provided to consumers, as well as crypto assets. It may also be electronic. The object may also be an act by a charity organization. In addition, in the process of such a supply chain, objects included in "objects" are referred to as "intermediate objects." Examples of intermediate objects include raw materials for the object, parts to be incorporated into the object, and the like. Furthermore, the items that are used in the supply chain until the target item is provided are referred to as "used items." For example, when the object is industrially processed, the materials to be used include a manufacturing device, a sorting device, an inspection device, a transportation device, a storage device, and the like. These objects may be agricultural products or industrial products. In addition, in the documents of this application, the term "object" may be used as a general concept of the final object, intermediate object, and utilization object.

For example, in the agricultural supply chain, for example, propagation, harvesting, transportation, processing facility, storage, packaging, and/or shipping. (dispatching) may be input and stored as a stage in the system of this embodiment.

Additionally, the system of this embodiment may obtain one or more static data types and/or one or more dynamic data types in association with each stage.

The data associated with the static data type may be data that generally does not change for each object provided to the end consumer. For example, data associated with a static data type regarding the supply chain of agricultural product production may be data that does not fundamentally change during the production process from the growing of the agricultural product to the final product along the supply chain; This may be the name or geographical data of the farm. In exceptional cases, it may be geographical data of a farm when the farm is relocated.

On the other hand, the data associated with the dynamic data type may be data that may change for each object provided to the end consumer. For example, data associated with dynamic data types regarding the supply chain of agricultural product production may include geographic data for the movement route of objects, storage temperature data for objects that can change for each object, etc. good.

Furthermore, the data related to usage items as a dynamic data type may include data related to inspection, data related to storage, and/or data related to transportation. The test-related data may include test-related parameters, test-related methods, and/or test-related techniques. The data related to storage may include storage method, storage temperature, humidity, pressure, and/or changes thereof. The data related to transportation may include the method of transportation, temperature, humidity, pressure of the transportation warehouse, and/or changes thereof.

Next, static data types and dynamic data types for each stage of an example supply chain in the agricultural field will be illustrated.

In the case of the propagation stage, static data types may be, for example, farm name (agricultural corporation or farmer) data, farm geographical data, weed data, photographic data, etc. Here, the photograph shows a photograph of the farm, and by storing such data, there is an advantage that data that allows the final consumer or the like to visually understand the farm can be stored in association with the data. Furthermore, for example, data related to seeds, data related to fertilizers, farm area where seeds were planted, time of planting, etc. may be dynamic data types. The data related to seeds may include data such as the brand name of the seeds, the time of purchase of the seeds, the seller of the seeds, the expiration date of the seeds, and the like.

In the case of harvesting, for example, farm name data, farm geographical data, etc. may be static data types. In addition, for example, harvest time data, collection time data for collecting agricultural products, collected farm area data, farm storage status data, photographic data, etc. differ depending on the object (agricultural products provided to the final consumer). It can be a dynamic data type because it can be manipulated. Here, the farm storage status data may include data on temperature and humidity.

In the case of transportation, for example, the static data type may be name data of a transportation company, photo data of a transportation company, etc. In addition, for example, data on the start time of transportation, vehicle number data of the transportation vehicle, transportation driver name data, temperature data during transportation, data on the weight of the crops being transported, photographic data showing the actual transportation status of the crops, transportation Vehicle geographic data, etc. may be a dynamic data type because different objects (agricultural products provided to end consumers) can be treated differently.

In the case of a processing facility, for example, name data of the processing plant, geographical data of the processing plant, data related to manufacturing equipment in the processing plant, data related to inspection equipment in the processing plant, processing plant and/or Static data types may include photographic data of equipment in a processing factory. In addition, for example, data on when agricultural products were acquired, data on the amount of agricultural products accepted as genuine, data on reasons for refusing acceptance of agricultural products, data on photos of specific agricultural products being processed, etc. It may be a dynamic data type, as it can be treated differently for each agricultural product provided.

In the case of storage, for example, the name of the storage business, geographic data of the storage location, etc. may be static data types. Further, for example, data indicating the type and model number of the storage, temperature data for each storage, humidity data for each storage, photographic data of the storage state, etc. may be dynamic data types.

In the case of packaging, static data types may be, for example, the name of the packaging business, geographical data of the packaging factory, photographic data of the packaging factory, etc. Further, for example, packaging time data, packaging mode data, packaging size, photographic data of the packaging process, etc. may be dynamic data types. Packaging mode data may be bulk or retail.

In the case of dispatching, static data types may include, for example, the name of the shipping company, geographical data of the shipping factory, photographic data of the shipping factory, etc. In addition, dynamic data includes, for example, order ID data, billing ID data, shipping time data, shipping vehicle number data, shipping vehicle driver name data, temperature data during shipping and transportation, photo data showing the shipping process, etc. It may be a type.

The system of this embodiment may handle batches in the supply chain where agricultural products and industrial products are manufactured. Batch is the term that refers to the smallest unit (the most granular unit) which is tracked in a supply chain etc. The batch may be arbitrarily determined by each business operator. For example, when handling apples as agricultural products, one apple may be treated as one batch, or one cardboard box containing six apples may be treated as one batch. For example, such classification affects whether, for example, the temperature is controlled for each apple, or for each cardboard box when six apples are placed in a cardboard box. Further, the batches may have different particle sizes or the same particle size for each stage as shown below.

Stage can be defined as the longest part of the supply chain where a batch is guaranteed to maintain the same identity. ). One business operator may manage one or more stages in a supply chain. For example, a packaging business receives a batch of 90 apples (10 cardboard boxes filled with 9 apples) from a previous business in the supply chain (for example, a transporter), and Consider a case where each apple is packaged and shipped as 15 cardboard boxes each containing 6 apples. In this case, the packaging business, for example, first receives a unit of one cardboard box (containing nine apples) set as one batch, and then may be set as one batch and packaged, and then a unit of one cardboard box containing six apples may be set as one batch and transported to the next business. In this case, there is an advantage in that packaging quality can be controlled by packaging each apple in one package. Also, by setting one batch for one cardboard box containing 6 apples, it becomes easier to manage the next shipment (for example, each cardboard box containing 6 apples has a different shipping address). There are advantages. Note that the batch setting may be realized by being associated with a batch ID that allows management of each batch. Furthermore, in the present document, the batch ID, which is data that can be managed on a batch-by-batch basis, is sometimes referred to as management unit data.

The stages and types of each stage that are input may be those that are commonly found in a certain type of supply chain (for example, in the agricultural field). Therefore, the stages input at this stage and the static and/or dynamic data types within the stages may function as frames.

The system of this embodiment acquires data of a plurality of stages and one or more static data types and/or one or more dynamic data types associated with the plurality of stages from various parties. You may do so.

For example, the system of this embodiment may acquire these data from an information processing device related to a person who manages the supply chain. For example, the system of this embodiment may acquire these data from the above-mentioned terminal device A and/or terminal device B. The person managing the supply chain may be a person who manages and/or operates the supply chain, for example, may be one of each business operator in the supply chain, or one of each business operator in the supply chain. It may also be a person related to an organization consisting of all or part of the organization. In these cases, there is an advantage that input can be made by someone who understands the supply chain.

Furthermore, the system of this embodiment may acquire these data from an information processing device related to an administrator who manages the system. For example, the system of this embodiment may acquire these data from the terminal device F and/or the terminal device G described above. In this case, the person who manages the system may be, for example, the person who manages and/or operates the system of this embodiment itself. In this case, since you are familiar with the preferred method of using the system of this embodiment, for example, you may have heard information about the supply chain, and determined the preferred stage, static data type, and/or dynamic data type. It has the advantage that it can be provided to stakeholders in the supply chain by specifying the following. Additionally, system administrators can define the stages, static data types, and/or dynamic data types that are typically used in a given supply chain, allowing parties in that supply chain to This has the advantage of reducing the effort required to enter data and making the system available for use. Note that even if these data are input by the system administrator, any missing data may be input by a person who manages and/or operates the supply chain. In this case, the advantage is that it can be used flexibly in a format that is more specific to the supply chain.

In addition, the administrator of the system of this embodiment or the administrator of the supply chain may define access rights to businesses that can input data related to each stage in association with each stage on one supply chain (limited ) may be done. Since multiple businesses may be involved in a supply chain, limiting access rights to each stage has the advantage of making it possible to clarify the responsibility of the businesses in charge of each stage.

For example, the breeding and harvesting stage may be assigned to business operator A, and the transportation stage may be assigned to business operator B. In this case, business operator A can access (view, input, change, and/or delete) data related to the breeding and harvesting stages, but cannot access (view, input, and delete) data related to the transportation stage. , modification, and/or deletion). On the other hand, business operator B cannot access (view, input, change, and/or delete) data related to the breeding and harvesting stages, but cannot access (view, input, change, and/or delete) data related to the transportation stage. and/or deletion) may be possible, etc.

That is, one business operator may be associated with only one or more specific stages, and such one business operator may have access rights to the specific one or more stages. In this case, other operators may be configured not to have access rights to such specific one or more stages. Specifically, only such one operator may have access rights to the batch ID described below at one or more specific stages. In addition, only such one operator has access to one or more dynamic data types and/or one or more static data types that are associated with such particular stage or stages. It's fine. Further, only such one operator can store one or more dynamic data each corresponding to one or more dynamic data types and/or one or more dynamic data types associated with such specific stage or stages. Each static data type may have access rights to one or more pieces of static data. These access rights may include adding, modifying, and/or deleting static and/or dynamic data types. These access rights may also include entering, modifying, and/or deleting static and/or dynamic data. In this way, by restricting access rights to stages, static data types, dynamic data types, static data, and/or dynamic data to only one specific business operator, it is possible to limit access to these data. This has the advantage of limiting responsibility. Particularly, as will be described later, when the system of this embodiment includes a configuration for calculating data indicating reliability, there is an advantage in that the responsibility for inputting data can be clarified by limiting these access rights. Note that the access right may be realized by various authentication techniques such as an input password, face authentication, finger authentication, etc.

In addition, in the above, the configuration is such that only one operator is granted access rights to one stage, but instead of this configuration, it is possible to grant access to multiple operators to a specific or all one stage. rights may be recognized. For example, for stage may be specified. In this case, Operator B cannot input, change, or delete such one stage, but can view it, and therefore Operator A is solely responsible for inputting, changing, and/or deleting. On the other hand, operator B has the advantage of being able to advance its business in accordance with the situation at this stage due to viewing rights.

Additionally, multiple operators may be granted access rights, including the ability to change data, for a specific or all stages. For example, for stage , input, modification, and/or deletion). In this case, the configuration will allow access to Stage X by operators A and B. However, when the system of this embodiment performs a process of storing dynamic data in a blockchain as described later, the data related to the input of such dynamic data (input person and/or If such dynamic data is associated with data that identifies the information processing device (information processing device) and is encrypted with a private key in the public key cryptosystem of the information processing device related to such input and then stored in the blockchain, the input of such dynamic data Since there is a possibility of determining spoofing of data related to data, there is an advantage that it is possible to flexibly deal with the person who inputs the data while identifying the person who inputs the data and clarifying who is responsible.

Step 2
The system of this embodiment acquires data (sometimes referred to as "static data" in the present document) corresponding to one or more static data types associated with each of a plurality of stages.

For example, in the breeding stage of the supply chain in the agricultural field, the system of the present embodiment can store farm name (agricultural corporation or farmhouse) data, farm geographical data, farm weed data, You may obtain farm photo data, etc.

Note that step 2 may be input by a person who manages the supply chain or by a person who manages the system. In the former case, the person understands the supply chain and has the advantage of being able to input appropriate data. On the other hand, the latter has the advantage of being able to input appropriate data while understanding the system. Further, in step 2, input may be input from an information processing device used by a party that forms one of the flows of the supply chain or value chain, or information used by a party outside the flow of the supply chain or value chain. It may also be input by a processing device.

Additionally, the system of this embodiment may store data related to authentication as static data. The data related to authentication may include, for example, data related to authentication related to a usage object, data related to authentication related to an intermediate object, and/or data related to authentication related to a final object.

Here, the authentication data related to the used items include data indicating the presence or absence of authentication related to the used items, data indicating the rank of authentication related to the used items, data indicating the organization that certified the used items, and data indicating the organization that certified the used items. The information may include data indicating the certification received by methods such as manufacturing, processing, and transportation, data indicating the certification method related to the product, and/or data indicating the limits of certification related to the product. The data indicating the limit of authentication related to the usage item may include quantitative data on the usage of the usage item and/or chronological data on the usage of the usage item. The former quantitative data may include, for example, data that the usage item can be used up to a predetermined number of times, and/or data that the usage item can be used up to a predetermined amount. For example, the data may be that the device can be used up to 100 times, or that the device can be used up to 1000 liters of intermediate objects. The latter timing data may be, for example, the usage of the materials may be until December 31, 2022, or the usage of the materials may be within six months from the certification date or the certification date. It may be a deadline such as

The data indicating the rank of certification related to the used item may be, for example, the level or grade of the quality, ability, brand, etc. of the used item. For example, if the item to be used is a specific device, the data may indicate that the device has passed a specific test. Furthermore, for example, when the object uses water as a material to be used, it may be possible to use water based on a specific water source as a material to be used, and that water source has passed a specific test (water source may be subject to specific certifications, for example in terms of water hardness, water contamination levels, etc.). The data indicating the certification received by the method of manufacturing, processing, transporting, etc. of the product may be, for example, the case where the predetermined method itself has been certified. For example, the data indicating the authentication method related to the usage item may specify the authentication method. Furthermore, when there are multiple authentication methods, one of the multiple authentication methods may be specified.

Certification data related to intermediate objects includes data on whether or not the intermediate object has been certified, data indicating the rank of certification related to the intermediate object, data indicating the organization that has certified the intermediate object, and data indicating the certification of the intermediate object. The information may include data indicating the authentication method used and/or data indicating the limits of authentication related to the intermediate object. The data indicating the limit of authentication related to the intermediate object may include quantitative data on the use of the intermediate object and/or temporal data on the use of the intermediate object. The former quantitative data may include, for example, data that the intermediate object can be used up to a predetermined number of times, and/or data that the intermediate object can be used up to a predetermined amount. For example, it may be data that the intermediate object can be used up to 100 times, or data that the intermediate object can be used up to 1000 liters. The latter timing data may be, for example, the use of intermediate objects may be until December 31, 2022, or the use of intermediate objects may be for half a year from the certification date or the certification date. It may be a deadline such as .

Certification data related to the final object includes data indicating whether or not the final object has been certified, data indicating the rank of certification related to the final object, data indicating the organization that certified the final object, and data indicating the certification of the final object. The information may include data indicating the authentication method used and/or data indicating the limits of authentication for the final object. The data indicating the limit of authentication regarding the final object may include quantitative data on the use of the final object and/or chronological data on the use of the final object. The former quantitative data may include, for example, data that the final object is available for use up to a predetermined number of times, and/or data that the final object is available for use up to a predetermined quantity. For example, it may be data that the final object can be used up to 100 times, or data that the final object can be used up to 1000 liters. The latter timing data may be, for example, the use of the final object may be until December 31, 2022, or the use of the final object may be for half a year from the certification date or the certification date. It may be a deadline such as .

Note that for such certification, the organization performing the certification may actually investigate the subject of certification by visiting or the like, and may grant certification based on such investigation. In this case, a person related to the organization that performs the certification (sometimes referred to as the "certifier" in the application documents) must use an app (also referred to as the "certifier app" in the application documents) that can input data related to authentication. ) is downloaded from the Internet, etc. and installed on the terminal used by the certifier (sometimes referred to as the "certifier terminal" in the documents of this application), and the certifier runs the certifier app on the certifier terminal. You may use this to enter data related to authentication. Further, the certifier application may previously authenticate the certifier as a user of the certifier application using an ID and password (other authentication means). In this case, the mode of authentication may be various depending on the organization of authentication and the mode of authentication. For example, the mode of the first authentication and the second and subsequent re-authentication may be different, and the second and subsequent re-authentication may also include modes such as authentication based on formal investigation and authentication based on simple investigation. Further, even if the authentication is performed by the same authentication organization, the certifier terminal may be different depending on the mode of authentication, or may be the same. For example, in the case of the above-mentioned initial certification or certification based on a formal investigation, an information processing device provided at the headquarters of the certification organization is used as a certifier terminal, and the certification is formalized. For example, the certifier terminal may be a formal information processing device that is used by a member of an organization related to certification or a member of its outsourced business during a site visit and investigation. Even if such certifier terminals are physically different, by registering these multiple information processing devices as certifier terminals used by the same authentication organization, it is possible to prevent them from being distinguished by the mode of authentication. It may be possible to certify that certification has been obtained by an organization related to the same certification. In order to realize such a configuration, the same private key in public key cryptography is set in advance for these different certifier terminals, and by using the same private key, the same authentication may certify persons. In this case, a plurality of different certifier terminals use the same encryption key to encrypt authentication-related data (or hashed data thereof). Therefore, by using data that associates the same private key and the organization related to authentication in a one-to-one relationship, it is possible to decrypt them using the public key corresponding to the same encryption key. Users of the same private key can be determined as organizations that perform the same authentication. On the other hand, different private keys in the public key cryptosystem may be set in advance for these different certifier terminals. In this case, a plurality of different certifier terminals encrypt authentication-related data (or hashed data thereof) using their respective encryption keys. Therefore, when decryption is performed using public keys corresponding to multiple different encryption keys using data that associates each such encryption key with an organization related to authentication in a many-to-one relationship. Also, by using such associated data, users of these different private keys can all be determined as organizations that perform the same authentication. In both cases, data indicating a one-to-one relationship or a many-to-one relationship between the encryption key and the organization related to authentication is stored in the server between the blockchain and the end user application. , and identification of the organization for decryption and corresponding authentication using such data may be performed by the server, but is not limited thereto.

The certifier application may acquire data related to authentication by the certifier. When the certifier app directly accesses the blockchain, the certifier app uses the private key of the certifier app in public key cryptography to encrypt the hash value of the data related to authentication, and then the certifier app performs the authentication. transmitting the data related to the authentication and the encrypted hash value associated therewith to the blockchain, and upon receiving such transmission, the blockchain stores the data related to the authentication and the encrypted hash value associated therewith. In this case, there is a possibility that the data related to such authentication can be determined to be spoofed, so there is an advantage that the reliability of authentication is improved. Furthermore, as will be described later, there is an advantage that data related to authentication can be included in data related to tracking.

Furthermore, instead of the configuration in which the user application and the blockchain communicate directly, each authenticator application may store data in the blockchain via the server related to the system of this embodiment. In this case as well, as described above, the certifier application may calculate a hash value for data related to authentication using a hash function, and may encrypt this hash value using the private key of the certifier application. The certifier application may then transmit the authentication-related data and the encrypted hash value associated therewith to the server. The server transmits the authentication data and the encrypted hash value associated therewith to the blockchain, and upon receiving such transmission, the blockchain transmits the authentication data and the encrypted hash value associated therewith. The hash value may be stored. In this case, there is a possibility that it can be determined whether the data related to the authentication has been spoofed, so there is an advantage that the reliability of the authentication is improved. Furthermore, as will be described later, there is an advantage that data related to authentication can be included in data related to tracking. Note that the blockchain may transmit data to be stored (referred to as a "key" in this document) to a server, and the server may store such a key. Such a key has the advantage of being able to identify data within the blockchain.

Note that the data related to authentication may be set as a dynamic data type in step 3 below. For example, the validity of certification generally continues for a predetermined period, such as six months, one year, or several years, but depending on the certification, it may be performed frequently. In particular, if the validity period of the certification is likely to be shorter than the period during which the object flows along the supply chain, the data related to the certification may be set as a dynamic data type. In this case, even if the certification changes while the object is in the supply chain, there is an advantage that such changed data can be input.

Step 3
The system of this embodiment acquires one or more data (sometimes referred to as "dynamic data" in the present document) corresponding to one or more dynamic data types associated with each of a plurality of stages. do.

For example, in the system of the present embodiment, dynamic data at the propagation stage in a supply chain related to agricultural products may store data such as data related to actual seeds and data related to fertilizers. These data may be input into an information processing device related to an agricultural corporation (farmer) that specifically implements the stage of propagation, and the system of this embodiment inputs such data through a network. You may obtain it.

Here, the information processing device that accepts input of such dynamic data is sometimes referred to as a "user terminal." Further, a computer program that accepts input of such dynamic data and is executed on such a user terminal may be referred to as a "user application." Furthermore, a person who inputs data into a user terminal may be referred to as a "user." If the user terminal is a portable information processing device such as a smartphone or PDA, the advantage is that, for example, parties such as agricultural corporations (farmers) can easily input and display data outdoors or in the field while carrying it. There is. In particular, when there are multiple objects (for example, when managing each crop that has been harvested in large quantities), it is necessary to associate each object and batch ID with code data in front of the physical object. When inputting dynamic data regarding an object, an information processing device that can be carried by a user terminal is useful. In addition, if such a user terminal is equipped with a function for acquiring geographical data such as GPS, such geographical data is also acquired in association with the batch ID in response to input of dynamic data associated with the batch ID. If the dynamic data is stored as such, it has the advantage of making it clear where the dynamic data was input, and making the supply chain or value chain more transparent for the end user. In addition, if the user terminal acquires and stores temporal data such as the input date and time of data in response to the input of dynamic data associated with the batch ID, the dynamic data This has the advantage that the input temporal data can also be clarified, making the supply chain or value chain transparent for end users and improving reliability. Furthermore, the trustworthiness of these data by end users is ensured by storing the dynamic, geographic, and temporal data associated with these batch IDs on the blockchain and making them tamper-evident. There are advantages to improving. Furthermore, the dynamic data, geographic data, and temporal data (or their hash values) associated with these batch IDs are encrypted with the public key cryptographic key on the user terminal, and are encrypted with the corresponding public key. If the data can be decrypted, it becomes possible to determine if it is spoofing, and it becomes clear that these data were actually input from the user terminal.This makes it possible to further improve the final use of the data by combining it with the geographical data of the user terminal that input the data. This has the advantage of making supply chains or value chains more transparent and improving reliability. Note that the user application may be downloaded and installed in advance on the user terminal via the Internet.

Additionally, the system of this embodiment may manage objects using batch IDs. Also, the batch ID may be metadata and may not be part of static or dynamic data. In addition, as described below, when moving from a certain stage α to the next stage β, the batch ID x at stage α may be the same batch ID x even when moving to stage β, or the batch ID Due to ID division, batch IDx in stage α may move to stage β and become multiple batches IDy (in this case, the relationship between batch IDx and batch IDy is one-to-many), and batch ID By combining the batches IDx in stage α, the batches IDx in stage α may be transferred to stage β and become one batch IDy (in this case, the relationship between batch IDx and batch IDy is many-to-one).

For example, consider the case of harvesting apple crops at the harvest stage. In this case, in anticipation of the next stage of harvesting being transportation, the nine harvested apples are packed into one cardboard box. An ID may be assigned. In this case, if there are 100 cardboard boxes, 100 batch IDs may be generated.

In this case, the user may use the user app to instruct the assignment of such a new batch ID. For example, upon receiving an instruction from the user to assign a new batch ID, the user application assigns a new batch ID, stores one or more dynamic data in association with the batch ID, and stores one or more pieces of dynamic data in association with the batch ID. good. More specifically, for example, in the case of the harvest stage, harvest time data regarding the harvest of nine apples packed in one cardboard box, collection time data for collecting agricultural products, farm area data to be collected, Farm storage status data and/or photo data may be stored in association with the newly assigned batch ID. These harvest time data, collection time data for collecting agricultural products, farm area data to be collected, farm storage status data, and/or photo data may be input by the user application. Here, the photo data may be captured using an imaging device included in the user terminal. For example, the user application activates an imaging device included in the user terminal in response to an imaging instruction from the user, causes the user to take a picture of the cardboard box packed in the box, and The photographic data captured by the imaging device may be stored in association with the batch ID described above. Note that although the above description describes how dynamic data is associated with a batch ID after the batch ID is generated, the reverse process may also be performed, and after the dynamic data is acquired and stored, , a subsequently generated batch ID may be associated with them.

Additionally, the system of the present embodiment may generate code data that can specify the one batch ID in correspondence with one batch ID. For example, such code data may be a QR code, a barcode, and/or an RFID. The system of this embodiment may transmit code data that can specify a batch ID to an information processing device used by such an agricultural corporation. Further, the information processing device used by such an agricultural corporation may have a function of printing such code data.

By attaching such code data, for example, to the corresponding cardboard box mentioned above (filled with 9 apples), the user can obtain harvest time data, collection time data for collecting agricultural products, and farm area to be collected. Data, farm storage status data and/or photo data can be associated with real cardboard boxes via batch IDs.

These batch IDs track the distribution of each object along the supply chain, so they may be used in the next stage as well. For example, in a user application, as described above, when the current stage (eg, harvesting stage) ends, it may be possible to move to the next stage (eg, transporting stage). For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a product that can be identified by a batch ID may be moved to the next stage, such as another stage. In this way, when transferring a product to another stage, it is possible to set the batch ID to be transferred to the other stage accordingly, which has the advantage of facilitating product management. In particular, although products typically move along predetermined supply chains and value chains, some products may require special treatment. Therefore, with regard to the batch ID setting of the system of this embodiment, there is an advantage that it can be flexibly handled according to the product by being able to move to a stage other than the next stage.

Furthermore, the stage transition may be performed by the same user on the same user terminal, or may be performed by different users on different user terminals. For example, in the harvesting stage and the transporting stage, the same business may be in charge of harvesting and transport, or different businesses may be in charge of harvesting and transport. These are business problems for businesses in the supply chain or value chain, and the system of this embodiment has a function that can support the management of objects flexibly in response to these business problems. It's fine. Furthermore, even when the same business operator is in charge of harvesting and transportation, the person actually in charge may be the same or different. In these cases, for the same person in charge, the same user app may be used to input dynamic data at the harvesting stage and the transporting stage. In addition, if the person in charge of the harvesting stage α and the person in charge of the transportation stage β are different people within the same business, even if they are the same business, the person in charge α will use the The user terminal and the user application executed thereon may be different from the user terminal of the person in charge β and the user application executed thereon. In this case, there is an advantage that the management of objects can be easily transferred between different persons in charge even within the same business operator via the batch ID.

In addition, in particular, if the businesses in charge of each stage are different, it is also possible to input whether or not there is permission to transfer the object between them. For example, when objects harvested in the harvesting stage are transported in the transportation stage, the transportation business operator related to the transportation stage may harvest the objects if they think that it is appropriate to transfer the objects from the harvesting stage to the transportation stage. Having determined that it would like to receive ownership or possession of an object to be transferred from a stage to a transportation stage, the Transport Operator may request the User App to take ownership or possession of such object (in association with the batch ID). You may enter it upon receipt. In this case, the user application used by the transportation business will set the dynamic data of ownership or occupancy for the transportation stage to "Owned or Occupied" for the object, and the object will be transferred from the harvesting stage to the transportation stage. It may be recorded that ownership or possession of the object is received by the transporter, and such data may be stored in the blockchain. On the other hand, a transportation operator related to the transportation stage may decide not to accept ownership or possession of the object to be transferred from the harvesting stage to the transportation stage if it considers that the object to be transferred from the harvesting stage to the transportation stage is inappropriate. The Transport Operator may then enter into the User App that it does not receive possession or possession of such object (in association with the Batch ID). In this case, the user application used by the transportation business operator does not set the dynamic data of ownership or occupancy for the transportation stage of the object to ownership or occupancy, and does not set the dynamic data of ownership or occupancy for the transportation stage to ownership or occupancy for the object, and does not set the dynamic data of ownership or occupancy for the transportation stage to ownership or occupancy, and does not set the dynamic data of ownership or occupation for the transportation stage to ownership or It may be recorded that there is no receipt by the transporter of possession or possession of the object (reception refusal), and such data may be stored in the blockchain. Even if a problem occurs in the processing of an object at a certain stage in a supply chain or value chain, the system of this embodiment can manage such a situation, which has the advantage of being able to adapt to the supply chain or value chain more flexibly. be.

Additionally, the system of this embodiment may be able to manage batch IDs in various ways. For example, a batch ID that has already been assigned may be removed using a remove command. Batch IDs are assigned to objects flowing through the supply chain or value chain in management units, so if a large number of objects are assigned, batch IDs may become insufficient. Therefore, in order to promote reuse of batch IDs, it may be possible to remove batch IDs. Specifically, this process may be a process in which the batch ID is set as a candidate that can be assigned to a new object. Note that even in this case, the batch ID stored in the blockchain (which has already been removed and can be assigned to another product) remains unchanged, so it has the advantage of being able to be used as a management unit of data.

Additionally, the system of this embodiment may associate a new batch ID with an already assigned batch ID using a connect command. For example, the batch ID α that has already been assigned is associated with code data such as the above-mentioned barcode in a one-to-one relationship, but may become unusable due to reasons such as the display of such code data becoming blurred. Since batch IDs and code data are associated in a one-to-one relationship, if code data becomes unavailable, identifying the batch ID may take time even if it can be entered manually. Therefore, by associating and assigning a new batch IDβ to the batch IDα associated with such unavailable code data, and assigning code data to the new batch IDβ, the batch IDβ is associated with the batch IDβ. This has the advantage that batch ID α can be accessed by using the code data that exists.

Next, another example regarding stage transition will be explained. For example, consider the transportation stage, which is the stage after the harvesting stage. A transportation business operator (for example, a driver of a transportation vehicle, but will be explained as a user) transports the above-mentioned cardboard boxes, but in this case, regarding transportation, data on the start time of transportation, vehicle number data of the transportation vehicle , transportation driver name data, temperature data during transportation, weight data of agricultural products being transported, photographic data showing the actual transportation status of agricultural products, and/or geographical data of the transportation vehicle. .

First, the user launches the user application that is executed on the user terminal used by the transportation company.

Next, the user activates the reading mode of the code data attached to the item to be transported (for example, the above-mentioned one cardboard box filled with nine apples) in the user application. In response to the user's instruction to start the code data reading mode, the user application starts the imaging device in the user terminal and reads the code data (for example, as shown in FIG. 5). QR code) may be readable. If the user application is able to identify code data in the captured image, the user application reads the code data and obtains the contents. Note that such code data may be read by sequentially reading a plurality of code data in response to an instruction to read the next code data in the user application. In this figure, five items have been read in succession, and the user is waiting for an instruction from the user as to whether or not to proceed with the next reading. Note that although the data regarding the batch ID is acquired here using code data, the data on the batch ID may be acquired using other methods. For example, the batch ID data may be acquired by the user manually inputting data identifying the batch ID (for example, the batch ID itself).

Next, after the user has finished reading all the code data, the user application may display the read batch ID as shown in Figure 6. Although this diagram shows no dynamic data associated with a batch ID, dynamic data associated with such a batch ID may be displayed at the harvesting stage as described above. In this case, the user application transmits data indicating such one or more batch IDs to the system of this embodiment, and the system of this embodiment responds to the data indicating such one or more batch IDs. The dynamic data may be identified and sent to the user application, and the user application may display the dynamic data obtained from the system of this embodiment. Further, instead of such a configuration, the user application may directly access the blockchain, obtain and display dynamic data corresponding to one or more batch IDs. In such a configuration, especially if the harvesting operator and the transporting operator are the same, there is no need to hide data about the harvesting stage at the transporting stage. The various input dynamic data described above may be displayed. Such a display has the advantage that, for example, it is possible to check the agricultural products to be transported while checking data about the agricultural products (for example, the time of harvest and the farm area where the crops were harvested).

On the other hand, in cases where the harvesting business and the transportation business are different, the transportation business may not always need all the dynamic data input by the harvesting business, so the transportation business may not be able to use it. The user terminal may be configured such that it cannot display dynamic data at stages other than transportation. In this case, there is an advantage that confidential information of the operator regarding other stages can be protected.

Next, in the transportation stage, when transporting the above-mentioned cardboard boxes, the transportation business operator collects information such as transportation start time data, vehicle number data of the transportation vehicle, transportation driver name data, temperature data during transportation, etc. Data on the weight of agricultural products, photographic data showing the actual transportation status of agricultural products, and/or geographical data on the transportation vehicle are input. Such data may be entered, for example, at the time of transportation, during transportation, and/or at the end of transportation, depending on the characteristics of the data.

Note that some of these data may be automatically acquired from other devices and stored by the user application in response to transportation, instead of being input by the transportation business operator. . For example, the user application may acquire temperature data from a temperature sensor provided in the vehicle or a temperature sensor provided in a storage shed transported by the vehicle, and may store the temperature data in association with the batch ID. In this case, as described later, instead of the specific temperature data, an evaluation regarding the temperature (for example, that a predetermined appropriate temperature was maintained during transportation) is obtained and associated with the batch ID. You can memorize it. Further, the user application may acquire data on the weight of agricultural products from the scale, and store the data in association with the batch ID. Further, the user application may acquire geographic data during transportation from a position measurement function provided in the user terminal on which the user application is being executed, and may store the geographical data in association with the batch ID.

The system of this embodiment may generate a batch ID corresponding to one stage. Such a batch ID may be associated with dynamic data corresponding to all dynamic data types associated with such one stage.

For example, FIG. 7 is an example in which one batch ID and a plurality of dynamic data are stored in association with each other. This figure shows an example in which dynamic data such as a vehicle number, a transportation start point, a transportation end point, a transportation start date and time, a transportation end date and time, and a temperature inside the transportation warehouse are associated in the transportation stage. Here, for example, if only one sensor is provided for the transportation warehouse of one vehicle, the temperature inside one transportation vehicle will be measured only by the one sensor. . Therefore, for example, even if there is a transport vehicle that can load 300 cardboard boxes containing 6 apples each for a plurality of farm products, only one batch is required at the transport stage because there is only one vehicle number. That is, this is because all dynamic data such as vehicle number, transportation start point, transportation end point, transportation start date and time, transportation end date and time, and temperature inside the transportation warehouse are the same for each vehicle. Note that even in such a case, a plurality of batch IDs may be used for one vehicle instead of a batch ID for each vehicle. On the other hand, for example, when 12 sensors are provided for the transport shed of one vehicle, the 12 sensors may take different values for the temperature inside the transport shed. In this case, at least 12 batch IDs (if a cardboard is placed between two temperature sensors, more batch IDs may be set by calculating the average value of these two temperature sensors, etc.) The value of the temperature sensor (or the value from which the above-mentioned average value etc. was calculated) that is provided and corresponds to the position where the cardboard box containing 6 apples was transported in the vehicle is the value of the temperature sensor for the batch ID. May be stored. In addition, instead of the specific temperature sensor value itself as mentioned above, a value indicating that the temperature is appropriate in relation to agricultural products (for example, "the temperature is maintained appropriately") can be used. may be stored in such dynamic data.

Here, the above-mentioned temperature will be explained. For example, data obtained from sensors such as temperature and humidity can change from moment to moment. However, the sensor-related data stored as dynamic data may include the evaluation of the sensor-related data during one stage. This configuration improves the ease of management by managing multiple pieces of sensor data that can change from moment to moment as a single value for each stage (that is, each batch). . In other words, as will be explained later, dynamic data can be stored in a blockchain, but if all values of sensor measurement results are stored, the blockchain storage process requires processing burden and processing time. will be done. However, there is a technical advantage that such processing burden and processing time can be reduced by storing evaluation results for changes over a predetermined period or the like in units of stages and batches. Note that one form of the system may have the above-mentioned configuration, but instead of this configuration, in order to store more accurate data, the dynamic data type of temperature is used to store specific temperature data that can change from moment to moment. In this case, as an exception, temperature data that is one dynamic data may store data of a plurality of temperatures in one stage.

The system of the present embodiment also provides input stored data corresponding to one or more static data types and/or stored data corresponding to one or more dynamic data types for each stage. data may be associated and stored.

In particular, static data and/or dynamic data may be stored in association with a batch ID that identifies a batch.

For example, FIG. 8 is an example in which a batch ID and static data and/or dynamic data are stored in association with each other. In this diagram, one cardboard box filled with nine apples is used as one batch ID, and the name of the farm in static data (managed by ID), the area within the farm in dynamic data, the harvest time in dynamic data, etc. This is an example in which the information is stored in association with.

Such batch IDs may be combined and/or divided by the user. For example, in the above example, for 90 apples, the batch ID changes to 1 cardboard box (packed with 9 apples), 1 apple, and 1 cardboard box (packed with 6 apples). In this example, if the batch ID changes from one cardboard box (packed with 9 apples) to one apple, this is an example in which the batch ID is divided. In this case, the system of this embodiment may store a division relationship table that stores the relationship between the batch ID before division and the batch ID after division. FIG. 9 is an example of such a division relation table. By storing such relationships, there is an advantage that the batch ID before division can be identified from the batch ID after division, and there is an advantage that data for tracing the supply chain of the object upstream can be stored.

Furthermore, in this example, if the batch ID is from one apple to one cardboard box (packed with 6 apples), this is an example in which the batch IDs are synthesized. In this case, the system of this embodiment may store a composition relationship table that stores the relationship between the batch ID before composition and the batch ID after composition. FIG. 10 is an example of such a composition relationship table. By storing such relationships, there is an advantage that the batch ID before synthesis can be identified from the batch ID after synthesis, and there is an advantage that data for tracing the supply chain of the object upstream can be stored. In this case, the synthesis process associates multiple batch IDs in the stage before synthesis with one batch ID in the stage after synthesis, so when tracing the supply chain or value chain in reverse, the synthesis process It is not possible to uniquely determine the pre-composition batch ID in the pre-composition stage that corresponds to the post-composition batch ID in the later stage. In this case, the process of tracing the batch IDs to be combined in the pre-combination stage in step 4, which will be described later, can be handled by tracing all the batch IDs to be combined. Such processing has the advantage that data related to tracking of the target object, which will be described later, can be obtained even by combining batch IDs.

Note that, although examples related to agricultural products have been mainly described above, the objects that the system of this embodiment supports are not limited to agricultural products. For example, in the case of a supply chain related to industrial products, the parts of the object may be procured parts. Note that in the system of this embodiment, even if it is preferable to define all processes in the supply chain as stages, it may also define some processes in the supply chain as stages.

The system of this embodiment may store the acquired static data and/or dynamic data and the associated batch ID in the blockchain at each stage. For example, it corresponds to the timing when the input of a certain stage ends for one batch ID and moves to the next stage (for example, the user instructs to move to the next stage for a certain batch ID in the application used) The dynamic data and/or static data associated with such batch ID in the previous stage may then be stored on the blockchain. In this way, when storing data in the blockchain at each stage, the data is finalized at each stage, which has the advantage of potentially preventing subsequent falsification.

FIG. 11 schematically shows the relationship between stages, batch IDs, and dynamic data and/or static data stored in the blockchain. In this diagram, the stages are A, B, and C, and the stages move from A to B along the supply chain. Also, corresponding to stage A, static data types are SA1 and SA2, etc., dynamic data types are DA1 and DA2, etc., and corresponding to stage B, static data types are SB1 and SB2, etc., and dynamic data types are are DB1 and DB2, etc., corresponding to stage C, the static data types are SC1 and SC2, etc., and the dynamic data types are DC1, DCA2, etc. In this case, data corresponding to each data type may be stored schematically in the blockchain in association with batch ID1 and batch ID2. For example, since the static data type does not change between batch IDs, ○○○1, 2, 6, 7, 11, and 12 may be the same data in batch ID1 and batch ID2. Note that within the blockchain, static data may point to the same data, or may point to the same data at different locations. On the other hand, since the dynamic data type can be different for each batch ID (although they may be the same in some cases), batch ID2 is shown to be different from 〇〇〇 as △△△.

Also, storage on such a blockchain may be handled by each user application communicating directly with the blockchain. For example, in cases where the number of users of each user app can be limited by login authentication, etc., data can be directly transferred from each user app to the blockchain using the private key and encryption key of public key cryptography. When storing the data, it may be possible to determine whether or not the data is spoofed. For example, each user application may encrypt a hash value of dynamic data and/or static data associated with a batch ID using a private key in a public key cryptosystem related to the user application. Each user app may send dynamic and/or static data and encrypted hash values associated with such batch ID to the blockchain. In response to such a transmission, the blockchain may associate dynamic data and/or static data associated with the batch ID with an encrypted hash value and store them in the blockchain. In this case, as described below, if the encrypted hash value can be decrypted using the public key in the public key cryptosystem associated with each user, the dynamic data and/or static data associated with the batch ID will be deleted. This data is input by such a user application, and has the advantage of being able to determine whether or not spoofing has occurred.

Furthermore, instead of the configuration in which the user application and the blockchain communicate directly, each user application may store data in the blockchain via the server related to the system of this embodiment. In this case, as described above, the user application calculates a hash value of the static data and/or dynamic data associated with the batch ID using a hash function, and uses the hash value as the private key of the user application. may be encrypted by The user application may then send the static data and/or dynamic data associated with the batch ID and such encrypted hash value associated therewith to the server. The server transmits the static data and/or dynamic data associated with such batch ID and such encrypted hash value associated thereto to the blockchain, and upon such transmission, the blockchain Static data and/or dynamic data associated with and such encrypted hash values associated therewith may be stored. In this case, it is possible to determine if the static data and/or dynamic data associated with such batch ID are impersonated, so there is an advantage that the reliability of authentication is improved. In addition, blockchain is data that specifies where to store static data and/or dynamic data associated with batch IDs, as well as when storing data related to authentication mentioned above. A key may be sent to a server, and the server may store such key. Such a key has the advantage of being able to identify data within the blockchain.

In addition, in the system of this embodiment, in step 2, input of static data corresponding to the static data type for all stages in the supply chain is accepted and stored, and in step 3, input of static data corresponding to the static data type for all stages in the supply chain is received and stored. Although the flow of accepting and storing dynamic data corresponding to a dynamic data type has been described, it may be input using other flows. For example, the system of this embodiment accepts and stores input of static data corresponding to the static data type in step 2 at each stage from the person in charge of each stage, and stores the static data input in step 3. It may be a flow that accepts and stores dynamic data corresponding to a data type. Further, in this case, steps 2 and 3 may be input in the reverse order for each stage. In this way, once the object has passed through all the stages along the supply chain and reached the next step 4, static data corresponding to the static data type and/or Dynamic data corresponding to a dynamic data type may be accepted and stored.

Step 4
The system of this embodiment may display data related to supply chain tracking to the user. The user may be any person interested in data related to supply chain or value chain tracking. For example, if the object is an agricultural product or an industrial product, the user may be a general end consumer or a retailer. Further, the user may be an appraiser who appraises the quality, place of origin, etc. of the object.

For example, a computer program executed on a terminal used by an end user (sometimes referred to as an "end user application" in this document) is a computer program executed on a terminal used by an end user (also referred to as an "end user application" in this application document). Tracking-related data may be displayed on The data related to tracking may include factual data related to the object and/or data related to the above-mentioned authentication. Factual data related to the object may include, for example, geographic data of the parties involved in the production, processing, and/or transportation of the object, name data of the parties, data indicating the organization to which the parties belong, and/or data related to the above-mentioned authentication. Furthermore, the data related to tracking may include factual data related to the object and/or data indicating the presence or absence of tampering associated with the data related to the above-mentioned authentication.

Data related to such tracking may be specified as follows. First, the end user application in the system of this embodiment may specify an object. For example, the end user application may read code data such as a barcode, QR code, and/or RFID attached to the end object and identify the batch ID based on such code data.

The end-user app then communicates with the blockchain based on such batch IDs to obtain static and/or dynamic data at each stage associated with each batch ID stored in the blockchain. , these may be displayed in the end consumer app. Here, the end user application may display data indicating whether or not each data has been tampered with in association with these data. The presence or absence of such tampering may be determined using a function within the blockchain.

If the end-user application displays static and/or dynamic data in conjunction with the presence or absence of such tampering, the user should confirm whether the static and/or dynamic data can be trusted. However, there are understandable advantages. In addition, although the mode in which static data and/or dynamic data are displayed in association with data that has been tampered with has been described above, instead of this mode, static data and/or dynamic data that has been shown not to have been tampered with can be displayed. /or Only dynamic data may be displayed. In this case, there is an advantage that the user can understand that all displayed static data and/or dynamic data is reliable.

In addition, if the hash value of such static data and/or dynamic data is encrypted with the private key of the public key cryptosystem of the user application, it can be decrypted with the public key of the public key cryptosystem of the user application. By doing so, the end user application may determine that the static data and/or dynamic data have not been input by anyone other than the user application, ie, that the end user application has not been spoofed. In this case, the end user application has the advantage of being able to determine that the data was input by each party along the supply chain, and determining whether or not spoofing has occurred.

Alternatively, a configuration may be adopted in which the server determines whether or not there has been tampering. For example, when a user application stores static data and/or dynamic data in a blockchain via the server according to the system of this embodiment, the data stored in the blockchain may be encrypted. By decrypting the hash value using the public key associated with the user application, the server can determine that the data was generated by the user application, which has the advantage of being able to detect impersonation. In addition, the server compares the hash value stored in the blockchain and obtained from the blockchain with the hash value obtained by directly applying static data and/or dynamic data to a hash function to determine whether or not it has been tampered with. may be determined. In these cases, the server may use the above-mentioned keys to identify within the blockchain the data that the end-user app wishes to display.

Additionally, in addition to determining whether static data and/or dynamic data has been tampered with, and/or determining whether static data and/or dynamic data has been spoofed, It may also be equipped with a function to improve the reliability of the system. For example, dynamic data includes geographical data of the user terminal, static data includes data indicating the range in which the user terminal can be used (for example, the area of a farm, etc. In the case where the data indicating the range of the site) is included, the reliability of the data may be improved by determining whether geographical data of the user terminal is included in the data indicating the range. More specifically, the end-user application is responsible for determining whether static data and dynamic data have been tampered with, and determining whether the static data includes geographic data included in the dynamic data and the data indicating the above-mentioned range. The reliability of data can be further improved by displaying the results of determining that static data is included and determining that there is no spoofing of the user terminal used by the operator in such static data. There are advantages. Note that these determinations may be made by a server communicating between the blockchain and the end-user application, and the determination results may be communicated to and displayed in the end-user application.

An example of tracking data displayed by the end user application is shown in FIG. 12. In this figure, the object is cinnamon, and the end user application reads code data such as a QR code displayed on the cinnamon package, etc., and uses the batch ID associated with the code data to Static and/or dynamic data related to each stage of cinnamon that has moved along the supply chain may be identified and data related to tracking based on such data may be displayed.

Here, the data related to tracking is, for example, Origin (data on the trajectory of the object), Certifications (data on the certification of the object), Sustainability (data on the sustainability of the object), and/or Community. (Community data related to the object) may be classified and displayed. Origin may be factual data about the object, such as the place of origin or the parties involved. Moreover, Certifications may be data particularly related to certification among factual data related to the object. Sustainability may be data particularly related to sustainability among factual data regarding the object, such as soil tests, the fact that only a specific river that has passed a predetermined inspection is used as a water source, or the fact that a predetermined Data showing consideration for nature, such as organic farming methods, is acceptable. In addition, Community may be data particularly related to Community among factual data related to the object. For example, Community may indicate that each party has a bank account or that the infrastructure is being improved. It may be data related to interactions with society, such as

Additionally, FIG. 13 is an example of the end user application displaying geographic data in the supply chain. As objects move geographically along the supply chain, such travel paths may be overlaid with two-dimensional or three-dimensional map data for display by end-user applications. By displaying such geographical movement, the user can understand what route the object (particularly the intermediate object) has traveled. Further, such an indication of geographical movement may be displayed in association with temporal data located at each location. In this case, the user has the advantage of being able to understand the moving route of the object (including intermediate objects) in chronological order.

Such geographic data may be based on static and/or dynamic data input in steps 2 and 3. In other words, the end user application collects geographical data (e.g., information corresponding to stages such as breeding, harvesting, processing factory, etc.) for each stage out of the factual data related to the object. For the parties concerned, the geographical data on where these parties are located), the temporal data at the end of the stage, and the geographical data on the movement of the object (for example, in the case of a transport stage, the location of the actual vehicle) Geographical data when a person moves) as well as temporal data at the end of that stage, and determine whether these have been tampered with and/or impersonated, and which geographic data have not been tampered with and/or have not been spoofed. The temporal data may also be used and overlaid on the map data to be displayed on the end user application.

As one embodiment, an example in which a plurality of parties are involved in a supply chain related to the agricultural field has been described above, but a plurality of parties is not essential in the supply chain targeted by the system of this embodiment. For example, even if one party, such as one company, manages objects, it is necessary for such one company to manage multiple objects. Each batch has a different ID, which has the advantage of making management easier. In such cases, the supply chain or value chain may be in the form of D2C (Direct to Consumer), such as manufacturing by a single company, or it may be a supply chain or value chain that inherently includes transactions between multiple parties. It may be in the form of a part of a value chain. In particular, even if the latter is a supply chain or value chain that includes transactions between a plurality of parties, it is conceivable that the system of this embodiment is initially used from part of the supply chain or value chain. Furthermore, cases in which the use of this system involves one person are also useful in cases where one or more employees handle multiple objects. In particular, when multiple employees work together to manage one object in one company, and each of these multiple employees is in charge of multiple stages using a user terminal, one This is useful because it facilitates the management of objects across such multiple stages. However, even when one person in charge within one company manages multiple stages, it is useful from the perspective of managing multiple objects.

3.1.1. Modification example 1 of the system of the first embodiment
The system of this embodiment is a modification of the system of the first embodiment, and the explanation will focus on the parts that are different from the system of the first embodiment, and the explanation of the parts that are the same as the system of the first embodiment will be omitted.

The system of this embodiment is an example of use in the supply chain of rings with jewels. Some rings with gemstones have high value, and people often want to know data such as what kind of gemstone it is and the cut of the gemstone. Additionally, rings with jewels may come with a certificate of authenticity, and ring buyers are also interested in the authenticity of the certificate.

In the system of this embodiment, when data on various facts in the supply chain regarding rings with jewels is stored in the blockchain, falsification of the stored data is prevented or determined, so that the user can , there is an advantage that you can trust such data and trade jewelry. In addition, if data on various facts in the supply chain regarding a ring with a jewel is encrypted with a private key based on the input user application and stored in the blockchain, it is possible to determine if the stored data is spoofed. This has the advantage that users can trust such data and trade jewelry.

FIG. 14 is an example of multiple stages and static and/or dynamic data types associated with each stage for a jeweled ring supply chain. In the system of the first embodiment, in steps 2 and 3, these static data and/or dynamic data may be input and stored in the blockchain.

For example, in step 3 above, in stage 4 "authentication", the certifier will You can authenticate. Here, the certifier measures the species, variety, color, weight, size, etc. of the actual gemstone associated with the batch ID, and sends these data to the certifier mentioned above. Enter it into the app. The certifier application may authenticate the certifier by using ID, password, etc. in advance. Then, the data regarding these gemstones entered by the certifier via the certifier app will be associated with the batch ID indicating such rough gemstones and stored on the blockchain, thereby making these data Tampering can be prevented or determined.

Similarly, in step 3 above, in stage 6 "verification" and stage 7 "appraisal," the verifier and appraiser each write the verification or appraisal results (for example, the The falsification of these data can be prevented or determined by inputting the data (report) and storing it in the blockchain by the certifier app in association with the batch ID indicating the rough gemstone to be verified or appraised. Become something. In addition, if these input data (for example, as described above, data related to authentication by the verifier and data related to authentication by the appraiser) are encrypted using the encryption key related to each certifier application, these By decoding the corresponding information, spoofing can be determined.

Then, in step 4, the purchaser or the person considering purchasing the ring with a jewel has the advantage of being able to obtain data about the ring along with data on whether or not it has been tampered with, via the blockchain.

For example, the end-user application may collect static and/or dynamic data related to each authentication, verification, and/or authentication stage included in the tracking data. is displayed, and it is also displayed that the data has not been tampered with, the user can confirm how to authenticate in the end user application while confirming that the data has not been tampered with. There is an advantage that data on whether verification, verification, and/or appraisal have been performed can be viewed.

In addition, for example, the end user application will ensure that license-related data included in tracking data (for example, excavation license number and excavation license expiration date for excavation, export license ID and export license expiration date for export) is not tampered with. By determining and displaying this, the user can confirm whether or not the ring with the jewel was excavated and exported legally. In addition, the end user application further communicates with a system related to excavation license issuance to perform confirmation processing of the excavation license number, communicates with a system related to export license issuance to perform confirmation processing of export license ID, and /Or check the expiry date of each license and the actual date (date and time of excavation or date of receipt of export invoice) to determine whether the excavation and/or export is legal. may be displayed.

Furthermore, for example, the end-user application may display various photos in the tracking-related data on the end-user application after determining that they have not been tampered with. It has the advantage of being able to understand the image. For example, the photographic data may be photographic data that captures images of changes in time-series objects along the supply chain, such as raw gemstones, polished gemstones, and gemstones attached to rings. When such photo data is displayed on the end user application, the user has the advantage of being able to understand the changes in the object over time along the supply chain. Further, the data related to a photo may be photo data related to a license, such as a photo of an excavation license, a photo of an export license, and/or a photo showing appraisal qualification. If such photo data is displayed on the end user application, the user can use the photo data to understand that he or she is qualified, and if necessary, has data that can be investigated in detail by themselves. There are advantages. Further, the data related to photographs may be photographs of people involved, such as a photograph of an excavator, a photograph of a person performing cutting, a photograph of an appraiser, a photograph of a verifier, and/or a photograph of a craftsman. When such photo data is displayed on the end user application, there is an advantage that the user may be able to gain a sense of intimacy and trust.

Additionally, if the end user app displays, for example, the experience (e.g., years) of the cutter who performs the cutting or the experience (e.g., the number of years) of the craftsman who performs the ring setting, the user can It has the advantage of being able to understand who was involved.

Additionally, when the end user application displays each stage in chronological order and also displays the date data related to each stage, there is an advantage that it becomes easier to notice any discrepancies between them.

3.1.2. Modification example 2 of the system of the first embodiment
The system of this embodiment is a modification of the system of the first embodiment, and the explanation will focus on the parts that are different from the system of the first embodiment, and the explanation of the same parts as the system of the first embodiment will be omitted.

The system of this embodiment is an example of use in the supply chain of alcohol manufacturing. There are a variety of ways to make alcoholic beverages, depending on the creator's ideas. Additionally, if alcohol fans are attracted to alcohol, they may be interested in the process of manufacturing alcohol. Therefore, when the system of this embodiment uses and displays data from the alcohol manufacturing process, there is an advantage that users (alcohol fans, etc.) can further increase their interest in alcohol. .

In the system of this embodiment, when data on various facts in the supply chain regarding the alcohol manufacturing process is stored in the blockchain, falsification of the stored data is prevented or determined, so that the user can , there is an advantage that such data can be trusted to increase interest in alcohol. In addition, if data on various facts in the supply chain regarding the alcohol manufacturing process is encrypted with a private key based on the input user application and stored on the blockchain, it is possible to determine if the stored data is spoofed. This has the advantage that users can trust such data and increase their interest in alcohol.

FIG. 15 is an example of multiple stages and static and/or dynamic data types associated with each stage for an alcohol supply chain. In the system of the first embodiment, in steps 2 and 3, these static data and/or dynamic data may be input and stored in the blockchain. Then, in step 4, the alcohol purchaser has the advantage of being able to determine whether or not this data has been tampered with via the blockchain.

For example, in the above-mentioned step 3, in the "grading inspection" of stage 6, the intermediate object brown rice (for example, a batch ID may be assigned to each predetermined amount) may be inspected. Here, the inspection agency inspects the grade (percentage of first grade or higher) of brown rice, which is the actual object associated with the batch ID, and inputs this data into the above-mentioned certifier app. The certifier application may authenticate the certifier by using ID, password, etc. in advance. Then, these test result data entered by the certifier through the certifier app will be associated with the batch ID indicating the predetermined amount of brown rice, and stored in the blockchain. This makes it possible to prevent tampering.

Similarly, in Step 3 above, for Stage 7 "Brown rice storage", the agency in charge of analysis sends the analysis results (e.g. moisture content, protein content, amylose content, fatty acid content, etc.) to the above-mentioned certifier app. This data can be prevented from being tampered with by inputting analysis data (on the target object) and storing it in the blockchain by the certifier app, which is associated with the batch ID indicating the brown rice subject to analysis. becomes.

Then, in step 4, the alcohol purchaser or person considering purchasing the alcohol has the advantage of being able to obtain data on the alcohol as well as data on whether or not it has been tampered with through the blockchain.

For example, the end user application displays static and/or dynamic data related to grading inspection and/or analysis at the stage of grading inspection and/or brown rice storage, which is included in the tracking data. However, if it is also displayed that the data has not been tampered with, the user can check how to perform the grade inspection, confirm that the data has not been tampered with, etc. in the end user application. And/or there is an advantage of being able to view the data that has been analyzed.

For example, the end-user application may display various photos in the tracking data on the end-user application after determining that they have not been tampered with or together with data on whether or not they have been tampered with. Photographers have the advantage of being able to understand concrete images.

For example, data related to photographs include a photograph of rice, a photograph of paddy, a photograph of brown rice, a photograph of a package, a photograph of a package after inspection, a photograph of brown rice before milling, a photograph of white rice after milling, and/or a photograph of polished rice. It may be photographic data that captures changes in the object in chronological order along the supply chain, such as photographs of commission results. When such photo data is displayed on the end user application, the user has the advantage of being able to understand the changes in the object over time along the supply chain.

In addition, data related to photos includes photos of rice planting, photos of rice farming, photos of harvest, landscape photos of rice fields, photos of drying, photos of husking, photos of transportation, photos of loading, photos of inspection status, and storage status. Photo data related to the condition of the object or its use, such as photos of rice milling, photos of storage, photos of sopping, dancing, middle and tome, photos of upper layer and filtration, photos of bottling work, etc. good. When such photo data is displayed on the end user application, the user has the advantage of being able to understand the situation of the object or the situation of the object using the photo data. Further, the data related to the photograph may be a photograph of a farmer and/or a photograph of a person involved, such as a photograph of a person in charge. When such photo data is displayed on the end user application, there is an advantage that the user may be able to gain a sense of intimacy and trust.

3.2. System of Second Embodiment The system of this embodiment is the system of the first embodiment (including variations) that uses reliability data of each person concerned.

In the system of the first embodiment, each person involved in the supply chain inputs various data into the system. In this regard, once the data has been input, it is possible to prevent tampering with the blockchain. However, nothing has been done to determine whether or not the initial data entered into this system by each party has been tampered with by each party. The system of this embodiment uses reliability data of each stakeholder as data for estimating the correctness of the initial data input by each stakeholder.

Various calculation means may be used for the data indicating reliability. For example, as an example of data used in the system of the present embodiment, when calculating data indicating the reliability of one party, data regarding one or more other parties who have a predetermined relationship with the one party is used. You may use the data. Here, when calculating data indicating the reliability of party A, consider parties B1 to BN as one or more other parties who have a relationship with party A.

The data indicating the reliability of stakeholder A may be, for example, data based on data related to stakeholder B1 to BN who have inputted data indicating that stakeholder A can be trusted. For example, the data indicating the reliability of stakeholder A may be data related to the number of stakeholder B who have inputted data indicating that stakeholder A is trustworthy into the system of this embodiment. For example, when the number of related parties B who have input data indicating that related party A is trustworthy is five, the data indicating the reliability of related party A may be five. Alternatively, the data may be a percentage of the number of related parties B among related parties B1 to BN who have inputted data indicating that related party A can be trusted. For example, if the number of parties B1 to BN is 10 (N=10), and the number of parties B who have entered data indicating that they can trust party A is 5, then 5/10 (=0. 5) may be the allocation data. Furthermore, the data indicating the degree of trust in party A may be based on data indicating the degree of trust in party A by parties B1 to BN. For example, if the degree of trust in stakeholder A is 8 out of 10 for stakeholder B1, 5 for stakeholder B2, and 8 for stakeholder B3, the total is 21, so stakeholder A The data indicating the degree of trust in the person may be a total number of 21, or may be a number obtained by dividing the total number of 7, 21, by the number of people, 3. Further, the data indicating the degree of trust in party A may be a weighted numerical value based on the numerical values of parties B1 to BN. For example, the data indicating the degree of trust in stakeholder A is weighted by the data indicating the trust level of each stakeholder B1 to BN with respect to the numerical value of each stakeholder B1 to BN's trust in stakeholder A. , the data may be calculated.

In the above, the parties B1 to BN may be parties within a specific supply chain targeted by the system of this embodiment, or may not be parties within such a specific supply chain. For example, in a case where the only parties involved in a supply chain are C1, C2, and C3, the only parties used to calculate the data indicating the reliability of party A are C1, C2, and C3. Alternatively, it may be C1, C2, C4, etc. In the former case, the predetermined relationship between related party A and related parties B1 to BN may be that they are related parties in the same supply chain. In the latter case, the predetermined relationship between the parties A and B1 to BN may be such that the parties B1 to BN have a known relationship with the party A regardless of the supply chain. The predetermined relationship in this case may be friends, relatives, and/or past business relationships. The system of this embodiment has the advantage of being able to collect data that can be used to calculate data broadly indicating the reliability of parties A, regardless of the improvement in value of a specific supply chain targeted by the system.

Furthermore, the data indicating the reliability of stakeholder A may be calculated using data indicating the degree of contribution of stakeholder A to the system of this embodiment. The data indicating the degree of contribution may include the degree of contribution to the system of this embodiment. Such donations may be in a predetermined currency. The predetermined currency may be legal tender or virtual currency. The virtual currency may be a crypto asset. The amount of donation may be an absolute value or a relative value. The absolute value may be, for example, the amount ○○ itself. On the other hand, the relative value may be the value of the donation relative to a predetermined value. For example, the relative value may be a value relative to the entire donation, or may be a value relative to the denominator of a predetermined value, with the donation as the numerator. The level of donations made by stakeholder A can be used to estimate the level of importance stakeholder A places on or trusts the system, and depending on the level of donations, the system This estimates the reliability of party A in relation to Additionally, companies that have not yet earned the trust of their surrounding stakeholders, such as entrepreneurs and venture businesses, may have the advantage of gaining that trust by contributing as donations.

As described above, data indicating the reliability of stakeholder A is data related to B1 to BN that have a predetermined relationship with stakeholder A, and/or data indicating the degree of contribution by stakeholder A to the system of this embodiment. The data may be calculated based on a calculation formula using the data shown in FIG.

Data related to reliability and its processing may be added to the system of the first embodiment.

Step 1
In step 1 of the system of the first embodiment, the system of the present embodiment may acquire a data type indicating reliability as static data of the parties involved in the supply chain. Further, the system of this embodiment may store such data in a blockchain.

For example, static data may be provided to each party entity such as a farm, a transporter, a packager, a distributor, etc. Note that the data type indicating such reliability may be automatically assigned by the system of this embodiment. In this case, in step 1, the burden of intentionally inputting the data type indicating reliability is reduced.

Step 2
In step 2 of the system of the first embodiment, the system of the present embodiment acquires data indicating the specific reliability of each stakeholder in the supply chain and stores it in association with each corresponding stakeholder. It's fine. Further, the system of this embodiment may store such associated data in a blockchain.

The system of the present embodiment, for example, combines such specific reliability data regarding stakeholder A with data related to B1 to BN that have a predetermined relationship with stakeholder A, as described above, and/or It may be calculated based on a calculation formula using data indicating the degree of contribution of person A to the system of this embodiment, and stored. Here, data related to B1 to BN that have a predetermined relationship with stakeholder A and/or data indicating the degree of contribution of stakeholder A to the system of this embodiment are stored in advance in the system of this embodiment. May be stored.

Note that the system of this embodiment acquires in advance data related to B1 to BN that have a predetermined relationship with stakeholder A, and/or data that indicates the degree of contribution of stakeholder A to the system of this embodiment. and store it. For example, data regarding B1 to BN that have a predetermined relationship with party A may be obtained from parties B1 to BN with respect to party A through a preliminary questionnaire or the like. The data collected in such a questionnaire may be data with two choices indicating trustworthiness or not, or data indicating the degree of trustworthiness. The latter includes, for example, numerical data such as 100% confidence, 80% confidence, 30% confidence, etc., or one of multiple categories such as B or E out of five grades from A to E. It may be data. In addition, the system of this embodiment can acquire data indicating the degree of contribution of the person concerned A to the system of this embodiment in advance by acquiring data indicating the degree of contribution such as currency obtained from the person A concerned, or You can get it from your system.

Step 3
Data indicating reliability generally does not change frequently and is therefore considered to belong to the static data type. However, in a rapidly changing industry, it may be set to belong to a dynamic data type. In this way, when the data indicating reliability is dynamic data, in step 3 of the system of the first embodiment, the system of this embodiment calculates the specific reliability of each party in the supply chain. data may be obtained and stored in association with each corresponding party. Further, the system of this embodiment may store such associated data in a blockchain.

Step 4
In step 4 of the system of the first embodiment, the end user application may calculate and display data indicating confidence for a particular object.

For example, the end user application may calculate, for a party A in a supply chain or value chain, the number N of people who trust party A to a predetermined degree, and the amount of contribution made by party A to the system. A calculated value obtained by calculating a predetermined function as an argument may be calculated, and the end user application may display the calculated value in association with party A. As another example, the end user application may calculate the degree of trust towards party A by parties B1 to BN who trust party A, regarding party A on the supply chain or value chain. A calculated value may be calculated by calculating a formula weighted by the degree of contribution of each stakeholder B1 to BN to the system, and the end user application may display the calculated value in association with stakeholder A. In addition, as yet another example, the end user application may, for a party A on a supply chain or a value chain, calculate the degree of trust in party A by parties B1 to BN who trust party A. , the calculated value is calculated using a formula weighted by the degree of business between each of the parties B1 to BN and party A (for example, transaction amount), and the end user application performs such calculations in association with party A. Values may be displayed.

Additionally, the system of this embodiment may calculate the reliability using a calculation formula selected by the user. For example, before displaying the data indicating reliability to the consumer, the end user application may display to the consumer, for example, the plurality of calculation formulas described above as formulas for calculating the data indicating the reliability. , the consumer may be allowed to select one from among a plurality of such formulas. If such a selection is made, the end-user application may use the selected formula to calculate and display data indicative of confidence. In this case, there is an advantage that reliability can be measured based on a calculation formula that the user trusts. For example, there is an advantage that the calculated reliability can be obtained after selecting the characteristics of the calculation formula, such as when the degree of contribution to the system is included as an element or when it is not included.

3.3. System of Third Embodiment The system of this embodiment, in the system of the first embodiment, collects and calculates data on the carbon footprint generated in the supply chain of objects such as final products from raw materials to sales. It is something.

The benefits of using carbon footprint are high for businesses. Displaying CO2 emissions has the advantage of appealing to consumers as a company or product that is considerate of environmental issues. In particular, it has the advantage of being able to display numerically the efforts to reduce CO2 emissions, and it also has the advantage of making it possible to cut costs in cases where there are taxes on emissions or emissions trading.

A carbon footprint calculates the amount of CO2 produced throughout a product's supply chain (including recycling in some cases). This will not only measure the amount of CO2 from each business in the supply chain, but also calculate the amount of CO2 in the entire supply chain, making it easier to perform calculations that go beyond the boundaries of businesses. It was not something that could be calculated.

In the system of the first embodiment, each person involved in the supply chain performed each action (harvesting, transportation, etc.) at the stage for which they were responsible, and input related data into the system. Here, the inventor of the present application has discovered that by inputting data related to CO2 in the supply chain into the system, it is possible to easily calculate the amount of CO2 for objects such as final products.

Hereinafter, description of the same parts as the system of the first embodiment will be omitted, and different parts will be explained.

Step 1
In step 1 of the system of the first embodiment, one or more data types related to the amount of Co2 may be assigned to each stage. The data type related to the amount of CO2 may be composed of only two types, for example, a data type related to CO2 absorption and a data type related to CO2 emission. Data related to CO2 absorption may include, for example, the amount of forest owned by the person concerned. The data type related to CO2 emissions may be related to CO2 emissions caused by the status and/or actions of each business operator.

Here, the unit of data stored in the data type related to the amount of CO2 may be the amount of CO2 for each batch, or the amount of CO2 for each unit depending on the sales format to the final consumer. In the case of units of CO2 for each batch, calculations can be made in the units handled by each business operator, which has the advantage of making it easier to handle. In this case, the change to a unit that conforms to the sales format to the final consumer may be calculated at the final stage when the sales format to the final consumer is determined.

The data type related to the amount of CO2 may be a static data type and/or a dynamic data type. An example of a data type related to the amount of CO2 being a static data type is, for example, because the amount of forest generally does not change over a predetermined period (even if it does change, it is only a small difference), It is considered unchanging and forest volume may be a static data type. An example where the data type related to the amount of CO2 is a dynamic data type is, for example, when a specific object is changed due to a change in raw materials. Specifically, for object AO produced using raw material A and object BO produced using raw material B, the data related to the amount of CO2 is determined from the raw material production process and raw material procurement process. , etc. Furthermore, even in the production process of the same object in the supply chain, the data regarding the amount of CO2 may change depending on the time of year. Specifically, in the supply chain, the transportation route of objects in summer (or intermediate objects used for objects) may be different from the transportation route of objects in winter due to snowfall, etc., so data related to CO2 amount is required. However, it may change depending on the time.

Step 2
If the data related to the amount of CO2 is a static data type, in step 2 of the system of the first embodiment, the system of this embodiment sets the amount of CO2 absorbed and/or emitted at each stage as a static data type at each stage. Data regarding quantity may be obtained.

Step 3
When the data related to the amount of CO2 is a dynamic data type, in step 2 of the system of the first embodiment, the system of this embodiment sets the amount of CO2 absorbed and/or emitted at each stage as a dynamic data type at each stage. Data regarding quantity may be obtained.

Step 4
In step 4 of the system of the first embodiment, the end user application may calculate data related to the amount of CO2 for a specific object and display the data related to the amount of CO2 that is the calculation result.

For example, as the static data type in Step 2 above, the system of this embodiment acquires absorption amount A1 and emission amount A2 as data related to the amount of CO2 for stage A, and obtains absorption amount A1 and amount A2 of emissions as data related to the amount of CO2 for stage B. Consider the case where the amount B1 and the amount B2 of emissions are obtained. Furthermore, as described above, the system of this embodiment stores the batch relationship between each stage. Further, assume that the proportions of batches in stages A and B are XA and XB, respectively, for the objects provided to consumers. For example, if the final object is one apple, and one batch of stage A is 9, then XA is 1/9, and if one batch of stage B is 6, then XA is 1/9. In this example, XB is 1/6. Then, the end user application obtains the above-mentioned data related to the amount of CO2, A1, A2, B1, and B2, as well as the relationship between batches, and uses such data to obtain, for example, (A2-A1)/ By calculating the formula XA+(B2-B1)/XB, the CO2 emission amount for the final object may be calculated, and the user application may calculate and display such CO2 emission amount. In this case, the consumer has the advantage of being able to know the CO2 emissions of the final object. The end-user app may also display the CO2 emissions for a particular object in association with the object before the consumer purchases such object. In this case, consumers have the advantage of being able to understand the CO2 emissions involved before purchasing the product.

Additionally, the end user application may display a breakdown of the CO2 emissions of the object for each person involved and/or each stage. In the above description, for example, (A2-A1)/XA and (B2-B1)/XB may be displayed in association with each of stages A and B. In this case, consumers have the advantage of being able to understand the CO2 emissions of each party involved in the supply chain.

Furthermore, the end user application may store a plurality of equations for calculating the CO2 emissions of the above-mentioned object, and use one of the plurality of equations. For example, the end-user application may display to the end-user a plurality of equations for calculating the CO2 emissions of an object, and utilize one equation selected by the user for such display. You may also calculate the CO2 emissions of the object. In particular, the plurality of equations that are subject to such selection may be displayed in association with each equation, together with an explanation of what calculation method each equation is based on. In this case, the user has the advantage of being able to make selections after understanding the meaning of each equation. The explanation of each equation is, for example, a method proposed by professor ○○ of ○○ university, a method developed at ○○ research institute, a method utilized in famous ○○, a method proposed by ○○ country This may be an explanation such as that it is a method approved by Further, each equation may be an equation corresponding to each explained method, and such a display has the advantage that the user can understand the CO2 emissions calculated by the method that the user understands and believes.

3.4. System of Fourth Embodiment Each system of this embodiment described below is a mode that can be used in each of the systems of the first to third embodiments described above, and additionally, NFT (non-fungible This is a form of using tokens). The technology for realizing the NFT itself may be a known technology. For example, in the case of the Ethereum blockchain, ERC-721 or ERC-1155 may be used as the NFT.

3.4.1. 4. System of the first embodiment The system of the present embodiment stores various data stored in the process of generating the final object in each of the systems of the first to third embodiments described above in association with the NFT. It is configured to do this. For example, part or all of the data generated in the manufacturing process of one final object in the supply chain or value chain of one final object may be stored in association with one NFT.

For example, in the system of the first embodiment described above, the first data and the second data generated at each stage may be associated with one another.

For example, in the case of a supply chain in the agricultural field in the system of the first embodiment, there are multiple static data types and multiple dynamic data types at each stage (breeding, harvesting, etc.) as shown in FIG. An NFT associated with some or all of the NFTs may be generated and stored on the blockchain. For example, the system of the first embodiment may display data related to tracking at the final stage of the supply chain or value chain, after the final stage of step 3 described above, or in the end user application of step 4. , such one NFT may be generated and stored within the blockchain. Also, in the end-user app, when sold to an end-consumer, such end-user may be set in the blockchain as the owner of such one NFT.

In this case, such one NFT is associated with data about the final object purchased. In other words, one NFT is associated with process data on how the final purchased object has been manufactured, and for example, as mentioned above, at each stage, in what geographical location and what kind of parties ( Static data type), and during the manufacturing process, it is associated with data about the manufacturing conditions under which the final object was manufactured (for example, the temperature at which it was kept warm, the conditions of transportation, etc.). In this case, the system of the first embodiment associates one NFT data with both one or more first data and one or more second data at all stages in the supply chain or value chain, and The NFT data may be issued and stored in the blockchain, and the owner of the one NFT data may be set as the final purchaser of the object in the supply chain or value chain in the blockchain.

Therefore, such an NFT has the advantage that the end consumer can use data about the end object. In particular, in the above-mentioned system, when the first data and/or the second data includes data related to authentication, the NFT associated with the first data indicates what kind of authentication the final object has undergone. It becomes clear whether there is. Certification includes, for example, certification indicating that the final object was manufactured using a predetermined environmentally friendly method. In this case, the fact that such a final consumer is the owner of such NFT means, for example, that the final object represented by the NFT is manufactured using a predetermined environmental conservation method. It has the advantage of being able to objectively show that Furthermore, if the authentication includes, for example, authentication that guarantees the quality of the final object, the fact that the final consumer is the owner of the NFT means that, for example, the final object indicated by the NFT is of a predetermined quality. By showing that you guarantee quality, you can objectively demonstrate that you are a company that values quality.

Furthermore, for example, in the case of Modification 1 of the system of the first embodiment, static data types and/or dynamic data types of multiple stages (excavation, cutting, collection, authentication, etc.) in FIG. may be associated with one NFT and stored in the blockchain, and the final purchaser of such jewelry may be set as the owner of such one NFT. For example, if the static and/or dynamic data types for stages such as excavation, cutting, ring setting, delivery, etc. indicate that environmentally sustainable methods are used, then The purchaser has the advantage of being able to objectively demonstrate that he or she is an environmentally conscious purchaser of jewelry. Additionally, if a stage in the jewelry supply chain or value chain includes, for example, a certificate ensuring the quality of the final object within the static data type and/or dynamic data type, then such final consumer may Being the owner of a company has the advantage of objectively showing that you value quality.

For example, in the case of Modification 2 of the system of the first embodiment, for a certain alcoholic beverage, several stages (rice planting, rice cultivation, harvesting, brown rice storage, sake mash production, upper layer/filtration, etc.) in FIG. associate all data of physical data type and/or dynamic data type with one NFT, issue it on the blockchain, store and process the NFT on the blockchain, The final purchaser of alcoholic beverages may be set in the blockchain by the owner of the one NFT data. For example, environmental conservation methods may be used in static and/or dynamic data types at stages such as rice planting, rice cultivation, harvesting, brown rice storage, sake mash production, upper layer/filtration, etc. If so, the purchaser of such alcoholic beverages has the advantage of being able to objectively demonstrate that he or she is an environmentally conscious purchaser of alcoholic beverages. In addition, if the static data type and/or dynamic data type includes, for example, certifications that ensure the quality of the final object at a stage in the alcohol supply chain or value chain, such final consumer Being an NFT owner has the advantage of objectively showing that you are a person who values quality.

In addition, although the above mentioned environmental protection and quality, if the static data type and/or dynamic data type includes other data, the characteristics of the end consumer indicated by each data may be indicated accordingly. . For example, static and/or dynamic data types may include data that contributes to the local community (e.g., indicates the use of local community assets or cooperation, such as farmers or producers in a particular area). ), such end consumers have the advantage of being able to objectively be shown as contributors to the local community.

3.4.2. 4.2 System of Embodiment The system of this embodiment has a configuration in which, in each of the systems of the first to fourth embodiments described above, data after the generation of the final object is further stored in association with the NFT. be.

For example, if the final target jewelry in Modification 1 of the system of the first embodiment is repaired or resold to another person, the resale to the repairer or other person will also be It may be stored in association with one NFT and stored within the blockchain.

Specifically, consider a case where a buyer requests a designated repair company to purchase jewelry and repair the jewelry. Modification 1 of the system of the first embodiment may include a repair stage in which the repair at a predetermined repair company is performed as one of the stages after purchase. The repair stage includes the name of the repair company, repair location, repair method, person authorized for the repair method, repair start date, repair end date, tools used during repair, materials used during repair, photo of the repair person, and jewelry repair. It may be a static data type and/or a dynamic data type, such as a before photo, a photo after jewelry repair, etc. Modification 1 of the system of the first embodiment is such that the static data and/or dynamic data are inputted by an application related to the repair company executed on the information processing device related to the repair company, and Modification 1 of the above system acquires such a plurality of static data and/or a plurality of dynamic data, associates it with one NFT data, issues it on the blockchain, and stores and processes it on the blockchain. , the final purchaser of the object in the supply chain or value chain may be set in the blockchain by the owner of the one NFT data. In this case, static and/or dynamic data at such repair stage may be associated with the NFT of the jewelry being repaired. In this case, the status of the jewelry after repair will also be associated with the NFT, and data on the end consumer after purchase may also be stored.

If the materials and repair methods used in the repair are environmentally friendly, for example, the end user who performed the repair must demonstrate that their actions after purchase are also contributing to environmental conservation. There is an advantage that it can be done.

Furthermore, when the jewelry is resold (resold), the purchaser may set the resale purchaser as the owner of the NFT of the previous purchaser. In this case, the resale purchaser also has the advantage of being able to show that he or she is contributing to environmental conservation, just like the previous purchaser.

3.4.3. 4.3 System of the 3rd Embodiment The system of the 3rd embodiment is a system that uses specific data in the supply chain from among various data stored in the process of producing the final object in each of the systems of the first to fourth embodiments described above. In this configuration, the NFT issuance command is generated by the person concerned.

In the systems of Embodiments 4.1 and 4.2, one NFT is generated for one final object in the supply chain or value chain, but in the system of this embodiment, , each party in such one supply chain or value chain generates and provides one NFT. Such an NFT may be associated with an object produced in a supply chain or value chain.

For example, for agricultural products in the system of the first embodiment, one NFT may be generated in association with one batch of harvested agricultural products. In this case, one NFT associated with the one batch may be generated based on instructions from the user (producer) in the user application related to the producer who harvested the agricultural products. In turn, a consumer of the final object corresponding to such a batch may purchase such an NFT as a means of expressing gratitude (or as a donation) to the producer. In this case, the farmer who issued the NFT has the advantage of being able to earn profits from the sale of the NFT in addition to the normal production of agricultural products. Note that ordinary techniques may be used for the mechanism of consideration obtained by selling such NFTs. Further, such NFTs may be sold as appropriate in the NFT market. In particular, where the value of agricultural crops is high or where such farmers' contributions to the environment are high, the value of such agricultural producers may increase and the value of such NFTs may correspondingly increase. Therefore, the system of this embodiment has the advantage of being able to support the generation of NFTs that can increase such value.

3.5. For various embodiments , the system according to the first aspect comprises:
a first acquisition unit that acquires one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain;
One or more pieces of second data each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the information processing device having acquired at least one piece of the second data. a second acquisition unit that acquires the one or more second data including geographical data and temporal data obtained by acquiring the geographical data;
Processing is performed to associate the one or more pieces of second data with management unit data for at least one stage of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and to store the data in a blockchain. processing section,
"It is equipped with the following."

A system according to a second aspect is a system according to the first aspect, in which "a command for merging or splitting the management unit data for each stage is acquired from the information processing device". It is.

In the system according to the third aspect, in the first aspect or the second aspect, "the second data includes at least data related to ownership or possession of objects related to the supply chain or value chain; "contains data indicating whether possession or possession of the object has been received by the recipient."

In the system according to any one of the first to third aspects, "the one or more first data and the one or more second data in all stages in the supply chain or value chain" Both data and one NFT data are associated with each other and issued on the blockchain, and stored and processed on the blockchain,
The final purchaser of the object in the supply chain or value chain is set by the owner of the one NFT data in the blockchain.

In the system according to the fifth aspect, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, "the producer of the object in at least one of the plurality of stages is NFT data that is different from the one NFT data. "The data is associated with the object produced by the producer and published on the blockchain."

In the system according to the sixth aspect, in any one of the first to fifth aspects, "data related to the reliability of the first party is data related to a party other than the first party, and , the degree of contribution by the first party.

The system according to a seventh aspect is characterized in that in any one of the first to sixth aspects, "the data related to parties other than the first party includes the number of parties involved,
the degree of contribution by the first party includes data on the amount paid by the first party;
” is a thing.

A system according to an eighth aspect includes, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, "an acquisition unit that acquires data related to CO2 absorption;
an acquisition unit that acquires data related to CO2 emissions;
and calculates the amount of CO2 released for a given unit of object by applying it to a given equation.

In the system according to a ninth aspect, in any one of the first to eighth aspects, "the predetermined equation is selected from one or more equations in response to an input by a user. It is something that exists.

A system according to a tenth aspect is a system according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, wherein "the data related to CO2 absorption includes data related to trees,
The data related to CO2 emissions includes data related to the movement of articles used in the manufacture of the target object.

The system according to the eleventh aspect, in any one of the first to tenth aspects, includes the following: "data related to whether or not the one or more first data and the one or more second data have been tampered with; ``Communicate with information processing devices related to parties in the supply chain or value chain.''

The computer program according to the twelfth aspect is “
system,
a first acquisition means for acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain;
One or more pieces of second data each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the information processing device having acquired at least one piece of the second data. a second acquisition means for acquiring the one or more second data including geographical data and temporal data obtained by acquiring the geographical data;
Processing is performed to associate the one or more pieces of second data with management unit data for at least one stage of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and to store the data in a blockchain. processing means,
It is intended to be operated as a

A computer program according to a thirteenth aspect is the computer program according to the twelfth aspect, wherein "the system includes a memory."

The method according to the fourteenth aspect is the method according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects, in which “the system
a first acquisition step of acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain;
One or more pieces of second data each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the information processing device having acquired at least one piece of the second data. a second acquisition step of acquiring the one or more second data including geographical data and temporal data from which the geographical data was acquired;
Processing is performed to associate the one or more pieces of second data with management unit data for at least one stage of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and to store the data in a blockchain. processing step.

A method according to a fifteenth aspect is the method according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein "the system includes a memory."

4. Information Processing Device The mobile terminal, server, or cloud used in each of the above-mentioned systems may be composed of one or more information processing devices. The information processing device 10 may include a bus 11, a calculation device 12, a storage device 13, an input device 14, a display device 15, and a communication IF 16, as shown in FIG. Further, the information processing device 10 may be directly or indirectly connected to other information processing devices via the network 19. Further, the information processing device 10 may be connected to a database (not shown). Furthermore, the database may be included within the information processing device 10.

The bus 11 may have a function of transmitting information between the arithmetic device 12, the storage device 13, the input device 14, the display device 15, and the communication IF 16.

An example of the arithmetic device 12 is a processor. This may be a CPU or an MPU. It may also include a graphics processing unit, digital signal processor, and the like. In short, the arithmetic device 12 may be any device that can execute instructions of a program.

The storage device 13 is a device that records information. This may be either external memory or internal memory, and may be either main storage or auxiliary storage. Further, a magnetic disk (hard disk), optical disk, magnetic tape, semiconductor memory, etc. may be used. Further, it may have a storage device via a network or a storage device on a cloud via a network.

Note that registers, L1 caches, L2 caches, etc. that store information near the arithmetic unit may be included in the arithmetic unit 12 in the schematic diagram of this figure, but in the design of computer architecture, information The storage device 13 may include these as devices for recording. In short, it is sufficient that the arithmetic device 12, the storage device 13, and the bus 11 are configured so that they can cooperate to execute information processing.

The storage device 13 can be equipped with a program that executes services related to the present invention. Further, data necessary for executing services related to the present invention can be recorded as appropriate.

In addition, although the above description describes the case where the arithmetic device 12 is executed based on the program provided in the storage device 13, one of the formats in which the above-mentioned bus 11, the arithmetic device 12, and the storage device 13 are combined is described. As such, the information processing according to the present system may be realized by a programmable logic device whose hardware circuit itself can be changed or by a dedicated circuit in which the information processing to be executed is determined.

The input device 14 is for inputting information, but may have other functions. Examples of the input device 14 include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel, and a pointing device such as a pen-type pointing device.

The display device 15 has, for example, a display, but may have other functions. Further, the display device 15 may be a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic EL display, or the like. In short, any device that can display information may be used. Further, the input device 14 may be partially provided like a touch panel.

The network 19 transmits information together with the communication IF 16. That is, it has a function of transmitting information from the information processing device 10 to other information terminals 18 via the network. The communication IF 16 may be of any connection type, such as USB, IEEE1394, Ethernet (registered trademark), PCI, or SCSI. The network 19 may be wired or wireless, and may use optical fiber, coaxial cable, Ethernet cable, or the like.

In this figure, the information processing device 10 is described as one, but the information processing device 10 may be composed of a plurality of information processing devices. The plurality of information processing devices may be connected internally or externally. Further, when the information processing device 10 is composed of a plurality of information processing devices, the owners may be different. Further, the person who operates the information processing device 10 as a system according to the present invention may be different from the owner of the information processing device 10. Moreover, the above-mentioned server may be a physical entity or may be a virtual entity. For example, the information processing device 10 may be virtually realized using cloud computing.

In the application documents, the term "related party" may refer to a person who is responsible for a part of a supply chain or value chain, or an organization (including a corporation) or a person who is responsible for a part of a supply chain or value chain. . The latter include, for example, organizations (including corporations) or persons involved in the above-mentioned certification, which can affect the credibility, sustainability, etc. of objects handled in the supply chain or value chain.

Furthermore, in the description of each embodiment in the present document, what is described as server processing may be processed by one or more servers, the cloud, or one or more servers and the cloud.

In addition, the blockchain in this application has a data structure that is easy to detect tampering by using electronic signatures and hash pointers, and has high availability by having the data held in a large number of nodes distributed on the network. It may also be a technology that realizes data identity, data identity, etc. Furthermore, the blockchain in the present document is not limited, and may be Ethereum, Stellar, Polygon, Solana, or the like. In addition, when the system of each embodiment in the present document performs a process of storing data on a blockchain, the system of each embodiment must provide instructions for storing the data in order to store the data on the blockchain. You may also perform processing such as transmitting data for storage together with the data. In this case, a blockchain-dedicated application for storing data in the blockchain may be used to store such data. Similarly, in the blockchain, for example, in issuing the above-mentioned NFT, an application dedicated to the blockchain may be used to perform the NFT issuing process.

In addition, the supply chain in the present application includes, for example, the chain is constructed by suppliers of raw materials and parts, includes the presence or absence of a flow of things such as the supplier's supply network, and includes completion from multiple links to the manufacturer. It can be something. Furthermore, the value chain in this document may be, for example, the value generated by a company and added during the manufacturing process, which is completed within the business activities of one company.

In the application documents, applications related to the application, such as user applications, certifier applications, end-user applications, and/or applications for executing part or all of the system of each embodiment, are downloaded and installed. Although the embodiments described above are not limited to these embodiments. For example, the functions realized by these applications may be provided in the form of a web browser on the Internet. In this case, the functions realized by the user application, the certifier application, the end user application, and/or the application for executing part or all of the system of each embodiment may be implemented by the server and/or the cloud. , may be provided via the Internet. For example, in this case, the user, certifier, or end user authenticates themselves through login authentication and enters data on the web browser, and the server and/or cloud stores these data. may be obtained and recorded. Further, as described above, processing may be performed to store these data in a blockchain. In addition, the server and/or cloud may store geographic data of information processing devices used by users, certifiers, end users, administrators, etc., when input on a web browser. You may use the geographic information acquisition function of your information processing device, such as GPS or WIFI, to acquire it.

In addition, in the application documents, static data and/or dynamic data (which may include data related to authentication) (or their If it is possible to encrypt a hashed data and decrypt it with the corresponding public key, the user terminal or certifier terminal used to input these encrypted data will be able to access the encryption key and its usage. Since the user terminal and the certifier terminal are associated, data input cannot be denied later. Therefore, in addition to determining spoofing (determining whether another person entered the data), it is also possible to determine the denial of data entry (the truth or falsity of a claim that the user or authenticator did not enter the data). This has the advantage of clarifying the responsibilities of those involved in the supply chain or value chain.

It goes without saying that the invention examples described in the embodiments of the present application documents are not limited to those explained in the present application documents, but can be applied to various examples within the scope of the technical idea.

Furthermore, the processes and procedures described in this application document may be realized not only by those explicitly described in the embodiments but also by software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Further, the processes and procedures described in the documents of this application may be implemented as computer programs and may be executed by various computers. For example, the processes and procedures for realizing the systems of each of the embodiments described above may be implemented as computer programs and may be executed by various computers. These computer programs may also be stored on a storage medium. Additionally, these programs may be stored on non-transitory or temporary storage media.

Claims

a first acquisition unit that acquires one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain;
One or more pieces of second data each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the information processing device having acquired at least one piece of the second data. a second acquisition unit that acquires the one or more second data including geographical data and temporal data obtained by acquiring the geographical data;
Processing is performed to associate the one or more pieces of second data with management unit data for at least one stage of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and to store the data in a blockchain. processing section,
A system equipped with
obtaining an instruction for merging or splitting the management unit data for each stage from the information processing device;
The system of claim 1.
The second data includes at least data related to ownership or possession of the object related to the supply chain or value chain, and data indicating whether ownership or possession of the object has been received by a recipient.
The system according to claim 1 or 2.
Both the one or more first data and the one or more second data at all stages in the supply chain or value chain are associated with one NFT data and issued in the blockchain, and Let it be stored,
causing the owner of the one NFT data to set the final purchaser of the object in the supply chain or value chain in the blockchain;
The system according to claim 1 or 2.
4. A producer of the object in at least one of the plurality of stages causes NFT data different from the one NFT data to be issued on the blockchain in association with the object produced by the producer. system described in.
The data related to the reliability of the first party included in the first data is calculated based on data related to parties other than the first party and the degree of contribution by the first party.
The system according to claim 1 or 2.
The data related to related parties other than the first related party includes the number of related parties,
the degree of contribution by the first party includes data on the amount paid by the first party;
The system according to claim 6.
an acquisition unit that acquires data related to CO2 absorption;
an acquisition unit that acquires data related to CO2 emissions;
and calculates the CO2 emission amount for a given unit of object by applying it to a given equation,
The system according to claim 1 or 2.
The predetermined equation is selected from one or more equations in response to a user's input;
The system according to claim 8.
The data related to the absorption of CO2 includes data related to trees,
The data related to CO2 emissions includes data related to the movement of articles used for manufacturing the target object,
The system according to claim 8.
communicating data regarding whether or not the one or more first data and the one or more second data have been tampered with to an information processing device related to a party in the supply chain or value chain;
The system according to claim 1 or 2.
system,
a first acquisition means for acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain;
One or more pieces of second data each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the information processing device having acquired at least one piece of the second data. a second acquisition means for acquiring the one or more second data including geographical data and temporal data obtained by acquiring the geographical data;
Processing is performed to associate the one or more pieces of second data with management unit data for at least one stage of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and to store the data in a blockchain. processing means,
A computer program for operating as
The system comprises a memory;
The computer program according to claim 12.
the system,
a first acquisition step of acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain;
One or more pieces of second data each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the information processing device having acquired at least one piece of the second data. a second acquisition step of acquiring the one or more second data including geographical data and temporal data from which the geographical data was acquired;
Processing is performed to associate the one or more pieces of second data with management unit data for at least one stage of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and to store the data in a blockchain. processing step,
How to do it.
The system comprises a memory;
15. The method according to claim 14.