Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
  • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
  • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
  • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
  • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
  • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
  • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
  • E03B3/03—Special vessels for collecting or storing rain-water for use in the household, e.g. water-butts
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
  • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
  • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
  • E03B3/30—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from snow or ice
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
  • H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
  • H02S40/40—Thermal components
  • H02S40/42—Cooling means
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
  • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
  • E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
  • E03B1/04—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for domestic or like local supply
  • E03B1/041—Greywater supply systems
  • E03B2001/047—Greywater supply systems using rainwater

Definitions

• the invention relates to a product that has capable of collecting and storing rainwater from both the panel and the rainwater collection apparatus and a storage unit that provides passive cooling of the solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to increase efficiency, and also a PV panel concentrator by integrating between at least two PV panels one after the other in existing or newly established PV power plants and all PV systems of small sizes.
• PV solar photovoltaic
• PV thermal (PVT) systems produce both electricity and heat energy
• PV panel systems only serve a single purpose, such as generating electricity.
• PV panels are sometimes used as roof coverings and sometimes instead of windows, they are products that do not expect any other benefit from electricity generation in general.
• PV panels especially in PV solar power plants, cover quite large areas due to their low efficiency and only undertake the task of generating electricity.
• PV panels are only used for electricity generation, and the water requirement for washing the PV panels and other processes such as agricultural irrigation is met either by using a water tank or by supplying water in some way.
• water is obtained and stored for both agricultural irrigation and cleaning and other processes, thus contributing to both nature and agricultural irrigation.
• the PV panel converts only about 20% of the incident solar radiation directly into electrical energy, and most of the rest converts into heat. Therefore, a PV panel exposed to solar radiation generates or storages heat as well as generates electricity.
• Existing PV panel cooling is done in two ways as active and passive cooling, and generally, a cooling fluid such as water or air is used to dissipate the heat on the PV panel surface. While active cooling requires a large amount of water and energy, passive cooling either consume little or no energy but provides low cooling.
• phase change material or hydrogels placed under the PV panel generally melt or reach the melting point, it cools the panel as the temperature rises in the morning, but in the afternoon, the PCM or hydrogel layer is no longer capable of cooling because it saturates or the heat absorption performance decreases.
• the invention can offer high performance all day long, as there is continuous moisture supply and charge-discharge (adsorption-desorption cycle) throughout the day.
• the invention can play an active role in relieving the discharge pressure in the drainage lines, eliminating the possibility of water puddles on the roads, and alleviating the pressure of water resource scarcity.
• Rainwater collected from the PV panel surface which may vary according to the season and location, but has slight pollution, is neutral, and has low salt content and hardness values, therefore it can be used for irrigation, toilets, car washes, etc.
• the aim of the presented study is to develop innovative solar-integrated rainwater harvesting solutions as high-efficiency retrofit strategies that can address detailed design problems that address several aspects simultaneously. Thus, while producing more efficient energy, it is to increase the living comfort of the users. It is also noteworthy that it was thought to customize the desired power generation and water harvesting processes, thus producing more energy while at the same time improving the quality of life of its users.
• the invention relates to a product that can be added to all systems using PV panels, especially PV arrays in solar power plants, which have a concentrator that can both collect rain and increase PV panel efficiency, and a storage unit that both stores rainwater and provides passive cooling of the PV panels.
• the invention mainly focuses on rainwater harvesting through PV panels, it is designed to optimize the design of conventionally used PV panels, shading systems, and roof application systems and increase performance by effectively integrating the angled mounted panels with the practically designed rainwater harvesting system.
• the invention is a system capable of independent energy production and independent water extraction. While producing energy, harvested rainwater can be used for different purposes. Thus, the amount of tap water usage can be reduced. This situation both protects the ecological environment and can eliminate many problems such as creating a situation that will not tire the rainwater drainage. LIST OF FIGURES
• FIG. 1 Top perspective view of rainwater harvesting system integrated into PV panels
• FIG. 1 Front perspective view of the rainwater harvesting system integrated into the PV panels
• FIG. 4a Rainwater collection apparatus first arrangement
• FIG. 8a Porous absorbent sheet side view
• the invention comprises a rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) that can be easily disassembled and mounted between the PV panel (110) arrays, which both collects rainwater and increases the efficiency of the PV panel (110), a rainwater collection channel (130) that collects rainwater from the surface of the PV panel (110), a rainwater storage basin (140) located and partitioned below the PV panels (110) to assist in both filtering and cooling the PV panel (110) by storing rainwater and a porous absorbent sheet (150) placed under the PV panels (110) for use in panel cooling.
• the invention has a feature that can generate electricity, capable of harvesting rainwater, absorb the humidity of the air effectively and cool it, use solar radiation to increase efficiency, and realize these in a single package of products.
• the water harvesting system from the air is a water capture system, just like the rainwater harvesting system.
• the technology of collecting water from the air which cannot be applied widely due to high energy demand, can also be adapted to the invention, and water can be captured from the air in the invention.
• This new feature allows it to be installed in existing facilities without changing the existing design. However, additional apparatus is required for the steam room or water extraction. When the water capture mode from the air is used, a slight decrease in the cooling efficiency of the system can be observed since the purpose is to remove the water from the porous absorbent sheet (150).
• the junction box and cable connections under the PV panel (110) are insulated against water.
• a total of 20% or higher efficiency increase can be achieved, 10% and 10% respectively, in the PV panel (110) efficiency.
• the invention can extend the life of the PV panel (110) and prevent deterioration.
• Rainwater harvesting apparatus 120
• It is placed in the space between the arrays of PV panels (110) placed in a row, with one end connected to the lowest point of the array of PV panels (110) while the other end is connected to the top of a PV panel array (110).
• Figure 1 shows the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120).
• Three possible arrangements of rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) are summarized below.
• Figure 4 shows possible arrangements of the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120). Each arrangement may have handles for carrying and mounting to provide ease of transport.
• An airflow opening (121 ) is left in the upper part of the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) that runs parallel to the ground along the array of PV panels (110) to obtain natural airflow.
• the airflow opening (121 ) is formed to allow airflow under the PV panel (110) in the PV panel arrays, to reduce the boundary layer of air flowing along the bottom surface of the PV panel (110), and to cool the PV panels (110). Through this airflow opening (121), natural air flow occurs, thus preventing heat build-up under the PV panel (110).
• First configuration (a) It has a waterproof flexible (rollable) structure that collects rainwater and can be easily disassembled and mounted upon request.
• the rainwater collection channel (130) is not included in this structure.
• the rainwater collection apparatus (120) in this embodiment has no reflective properties.
• the rainwater collection apparatus (120) can be easily disassembled and stored in rolls for any reason or outside of the rainy season.
• the rain collection channel (130) may remain connected to the PV panel array, in which case it will continue to collect rainwater only through the PV panel arrays.
• the system can be automated by automatically opening and closing the flexible rainwater collection apparatus (120).
• a rain sensor included in the system can detect the onset of a rainstorm and operate the mechanism.
• Quick connectors (122) are used to assemble the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) or it may be equipped with other mechanisms. In other embodiments, pins or latches may be used to attach the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120).
• the quick connectors (122) are used at least four different points, namely the lower connection and the upper connection of the rainwater collection apparatus (120). At least two are used in both positions (in the upper and lower connection sections). In case of use in the upper connection section, one part of this quick connector (122), which comprises two parts, is fixed to the rainwater collection apparatus (120), while the other part is connected to the top part of the PV panel case (111 ) in PV panel (110) array in the front.
• this quick connector (122) which comprises two parts, is fixed to the rainwater collection apparatus (120), while the other part is fixed to the rain collection channel (130) in the PV panel (110) array.
• the rainwater harvester (120) can be mounted between two PV panels (110) arrays with at least four quick connectors (122).
• the rainwater collection apparatus (120) in this embodiment has the feature of reflecting the solar radiation onto the PV panel (110) array and has also an efficiency-enhancing effect.
• the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) may be flat or slightly concave. It can also be in the form of self-reflecting mirror sheet metal or self-adhesive mirror film.
• the rainwater collection channel (130) is not included in this structure. The rainwater collector (120) can be easily disassembled and preserved for any reason or outside of the rainy season. The rainwater collection channel (130) may remain connected to the PV panel (110) array, in which case it will continue to collect rainwater only through the PV panel (110) arrays.
• Quick connectors (122) are also used in the assembly of the rainwater collection apparatus (120) in the second embodiment, or they may be equipped with other mechanisms.
• the quick connectors (122) are used at least four different points, namely the lower connection and the upper connection of the rainwater collection apparatus. At least two are used in both positions (in the upper and lower connection sections). In case of use in the upper connection section, one part of this quick connector (122), which comprises two parts, is fixed to the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120), while the other part is connected to the top part of the PV panel case (111 ) in the front PV panel (110) array.
• one part of the quick connect apparatus (122) is fixed to the rainwater collection apparatus (120) while the other part is fixed to the rainwater collection channel (130) in the PV panel (110) array.
• the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) can be mounted between two PV panels (110) arrays with at least four quick connectors (122).
• the rainwater collection channel (130) is included in this structure. The rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) is integrated with the rainwater collection channel (130) so that it can be easily disassembled and installed together for any reason or outside of the rainy season, but in this case, rainwater collection is not performed. The advantage is that it can be easily disassembled and mounted together with the duct.
• the rainwater collection apparatus (120) and the rainwater collection channel (130) can be disassembled together.
• quick connectors (122) are used to mount the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) or may be equipped with other mechanisms.
• the quick connectors (122) are used at least four different points, namely the lower connection and the upper connection of the rainwater collection apparatus (120). At least two are used in both positions (in the upper and lower connection sections). In case of use in the upper connection section, one part of this quick connector, which comprises two parts, is fixed to the rainwater collection apparatus (120), while the other part is connected to the top part of the PV panel case (111 ) in the front PV panel (110) array.
• this quick connector (122) which comprises two parts, is fixed to the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120), while the other part is fixed to the lowest part of the PV panel case (111 ) in the PV panel (110) array.
• the rainwater collection apparatus (120) can be mounted between two PV panels (110) arrays with at least four quick connectors (122).
• the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) also provides an extra contribution to preventing the growth of weeds, which can create an environment for rodents and cause fire, as it provides shade.
• the rainwater collection channel (130); is placed at the bottom of the PV panel (110), which is placed at an angle.
• Figure 5 shows the rainwater collection channel 130.
• Rainwater collection channel (130); comprises the rainwater drainage opening (131 ) that extends along the channel and maintains the required flow rate of the rainwater captured by gravity from the PV panel (110) to the storage unit. It also comprises nails (132) on both sides for ease of assembly.
• the rainwater accumulated in the rainwater collection channel (130) is given to the rainwater storage basin (140) from more than one point.
• the rainwater drainage opening (131 ) extending along the rainwater collection channel (130) reduces the amount of rainwater to be carried by the channel and allows the size of the rainwater collection channel (130) to be designed smaller. Thus, the material is also saved.
• the rainwater collection channel (130) need not necessarily have a drain opening extending along the channel.
• the rainwater collection channel (130) may be inclined in one or both directions in order to carry the rainwater from the rainwater collection channel (130) towards the rainwater storage basin (140). It can also be equipped to send from one or more points.
• the rainwater collection channel (130) may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and/or any suitable material such as suitable sheet material.
• the rainwater collection channel (130); comprises a rainwater drainage opening (131) through which water flows into the rainwater storage basin (140), a variable-shaped perforated mesh (filter) on the channel (133), nails (132) for fastening the channel, and a channel edge joint locator (134).
• Variable-shaped perforated mesh (filter) on the channel (133) is used to remove the solid matter and dirt particles in the rainwater collected over the PV panel (110) and the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120), to remove leaves, branches, other harmful substances, etc. and to prevent it from entering and potentially blocking or blocking the water outlet line against the water flow.
• the rainwater collection channel (130) may have two different structures. First (x); It is the case that the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) is flexible. In this case, the rainwater collection channel (130), which is positioned to collect the rainwater flowing over the PV panel (110) and the rainwater collection apparatus (120), is installed in the lower area where rainwater flowing over the PV panel (110) array is collected. In this embodiment, the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) and the rainwater collection channel (130) are in separate parts.
• the rainwater collection channel (130) is integral with the semiflexible (or non-flexible) rainwater collection apparatus (120) and is mounted in the lower area where the rainwater flowing over the PV panel (110) array is collected.
• a heater similar to a “heat trace” is installed inside the rainwater collection channel (130) in order to prevent snow accumulation and convert the snow accumulations into water.
• the heater is supported by a battery in case the PV panel (110) may not be able to generate energy during this time. Thanks to this structure, the snow accumulated in the rainwater collection channel (130) is melted with the energy produced by the PV panel (110) and included in the water collection. In cases where the PV panel (110) cannot produce energy, it is fed through the battery and the snow accumulated in the rainwater collection channel (130) is melted.
• Rainwater storage basin (140) is a reservoir where the rainwater harvesting in the rainwater collection channel (130) comes from the PV panel (110) and the rainwater harvesting apparatus (120) and is placed under the PV panel (110).
• Figure 6 shows the rainwater storage basin (140).
• the perforated partition plates (141) that allow the passage of water between the sections of the rainwater storage basin (140), the variable-shaped perforated mesh (filter) on the storage basin (142), a rainwater outlet line (143) at least 10 cm high from the bottom of the rainwater storage basin (140) so that the water can be used for consumption, a rainwater discharge (drainage) valve (144) for draining the water from the basin, a rainwater level control mechanism (145) that controls the water level, and a rainwater overflow pipe (146).
• the rainwater outlet line (143) can be positioned at a height of at least 10 cm on any side wall of the rainwater storage basin (140), depending on the nature of the terrain, the way the water is used, and optionally.
• the rainwater overflow pipe (146) can be positioned preferably 10 cm below the ceiling on any side wall of the rainwater storage basin (140) depending on the nature of the terrain, the way the water is used, and optionally.
• Perforated partition plates (141 ) are positioned to divide the rainwater storage basin (140) equally, in different sizes or the same dimensions, and with hole diameters that allow easy passage of water.
• the perforated partition plates (141) also serve as a support element to the variable-shaped perforated mesh (filter) on the storage basin (142).
• the perforated partition plate (141 ) is water resistant. It can be made of any suitable material with a thickness of at least 2 mm, taking into account the possibility of personnel stepping on it for maintenance and similar reasons.
• the size of the rainwater storage basin (140) is decided according to the capacity determined based on the annual rainfall of the geographical location where the system will be installed, but it is designed not to exceed the vertical length and width of the PV panel (110) array.
• the choice of size and number of rainwater storage basins (140) may also need to consider the usage method or amount of harvested water.
• the rainwater storage basin (140) may be converted into a large multi-cell reservoir through a distribution system or connections across the PV panel (110) array and/or between the PV panel (110) arrays.
• each of the rainwater storage basins (140) may not have the same level of stored water, it is not a requirement of the invention to have the same level of stored water.
• the depth of the rainwater storage basin (140) can be arranged preferably 30- 40 cm so as not to interfere with the PV panels (110).
• the rainwater storage basin (140) uses a variable-shaped perforated mesh (filter) on the storage basin (142) to trap solids and dirt particles that may come from the surrounding area and provide a smooth flow of moisture to the porous absorbent sheet (150).
• the rainwater storage basin (140) may be designed as a single reservoir or may contain cascading settling pools.
• a rainwater discharge (drainage) valve (144) is located below the rainwater storage basin (140), and the rainwater discharge (drainage) valve (144) is opened to easily drain the accumulated sediment and dirt.
• the stored water has a passive cooling effect on the PV panels (110), as in floatingtype PV plants.
• the water collected in the rainwater storage basin (140) can be used for various purposes.
• PV panel (110) provides easy access to water for cleaning.
• FIG. 6 shows only one rain storage basin (140).
• the rainwater storage basin (140) comprises only one reservoir, but the reservoir may not be limited to this number or location.
• another embodiment may comprise at least one reservoir, which may be located above ground and/or somewhat buried in the ground, including alternate shapes and orientations.
• the regulation may also need to comprise relevant ancillary elements to ensure that they are included in the system, and may require harmonization of other features.
• another arrangement may comprise multiple reservoirs.
• a pump is connected to the rainwater storage basin (140) so that water can be transported to long distances and higher points.
• the bottom of the rainwater storage basin (140) may also be inclined towards the rainwater discharge (drainage) valve (144) so that the pollution can be collected and easily discharged.
• the disclosed rainwater storage basin (140) can also be designed as small ponds according to the nature of the terrain or installation site, in accordance with the ground and/or by dividing the rainwater storage basin (140). In the event that the water level of the rainwater storage basin (140) decreases or the basin empties, water can be also supplied from any water supply source.
• the rainwater storage basin (140) can be integrated into a rainwater management system. The system can also be used without the rainwater storage basin (140) and the porous absorbent sheet (150).
• Porous absorbent sheet (150) has several features that collect atmospheric water vapor from the air and/or rainwater storage basin (140) with a sorption-based approach, then evaporate the water absorbed by the heat of the PV panel, thus, cooling the PV panel (110).
• Figure 8 shows the porous absorbent sheet (150).
• a porous absorbent sheet (150) is used, which is produced using at least one of the materials with excellent hydrophilic properties that have the ability to absorb water from the air.
• absorbent materials are materials such as activated carbon, halite which is a natural sodium chloride (NaCI) salt, lithium chloride (LiCI), calcium chloride (CaCI), magnesium sulfate, copper chloride, copper sulfate, silica gel, zeolite, composite absorbers, carbon-based absorbers, bentonites, fibrous membranes, heat sensitive and superabsorbent polymers, hydrogels, super porous gels, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and which can provide water in high and low relative humidity areas such as especially copper benzenetricarboxylate (Cu-BTC) MOF.
• Sorbents can be prepared at different concentrations by selecting the desired sorbent product so that products with different properties can be developed. In other words, all materials that can harvest water from the air (atmosphere) can be used.
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) may also be encapsulated using porous materials.
• Conventional desiccants such as silica gel, CaCI, zeolite, and activated alumina absorb water vapor easily but may require high temperatures to release water. However, in the invention, there is no need for high temperatures as there is no need to release water, and there is no need for extra energy. Therefore, at least one of the desiccants such as silica gel, CaCI, zeolite, and activated alumina can be used for encapsulation.
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) is prepared in the form of cassettes and these products can be used when the purpose is only to cool the PV panel (110), however, at the same time when it is desired to supply water from the air, membranes with low desorption temperatures, hydrogels, and MOFs such as Cu-BTC can be preferred.
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) has relatively less adsorption capacity compared to liquid absorbents, but absorbents that are quite stable and easy to use and preferably regenerate at high temperatures are preferred. Since the absorbent materials have a low thermal conductivity coefficient, materials with a high thermal conductivity coefficient are added to the porous absorbent sheet (150) to increase heat transfer. In this way, heat dissipation takes place very quickly with the effective cooling capacity created in the specially designed porous absorbent plate (150) compared to the plate in which only absorbent material is used.
• the porous structure (152) contained in the porous absorbent sheet (150); is formed by using fin geometries such as cage, honeycomb, lozenge, or tree structure and preferably with nano-sized material with high thermal conductivity coefficient doped. The amount of materials with a high thermal conductivity coefficient is such that the porous absorbent sheet (150) is not allowed to gel during moisture absorption.
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) prepared using a mold can be easily adjusted to the shape and size of the PV panel (110) using a cutting tool.
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) is placed inside the PV panel case (111 ) in thickness and a way that it does not prevent the heat discharge from the PV panel (110) and is attached to the PV panel case (111 ) with the support element (151 ).
• the adhesion property of products such as hydrogel is utilized.
• Organic and inorganic adhesives such as polyacrylic acid and dihydroxyphenylalanine can be used for the adhesion property of the porous absorbent sheet (150).
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) is light in itself, but it is mounted on the PV panel (110) in such a way that there is no load since its weight will increase as moisture gets on it.
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) has a cassette-type design for cleaning or replacement and can be easily removed and installed.
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) In general, depending on the quality of the solid absorbent and the product, it can absorb water up to 5-6 times its own weight and increase in volume up to 20 times as well as at higher rates, so the porous absorbent sheet (150) to be placed behind the PV panel (110), based on this information, the PV panel (110) is sized to a scale of 90% of the chassis size. For superabsorbent polymers with absorbency of at least 1000 times their own weight, the porous absorbent sheet (150) must be carefully sized.
• silica gel which can adsorb water up to 35-40% of its dry mass, can adsorb water vapor at 20-100% relative humidity and 20-40 °C temperature conditions and has the ability to regenerate at low heat source temperatures, can be used.
• the adhesion of atoms or ions to the surface of the porous absorber plate (150) and their diffusion into it, that is, the porous absorber plate (150) absorbs moisture and forms a wet structure, thus reducing the temperature of the PV panel (110).
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) quickly absorbs moisture from the ambient air or when evaporation occurs, especially in the rainwater storage basin (140), and cools the PV panel (110).
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) can provide up to a 10% increase in efficiency in the PV panel (110) by continuously performing the charge-discharge cycle (adsorption-desorption cycle) during the day. In particular, it will absorb moisture quickly after the sun goes down, thus storing energy for cooling the next day.
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) placed under the PV panel (110) can also be used to capture water from the air. In this way, it can both capture water from the air and cool the PV panel (110), as well as recover the water lost by evaporation from the rainwater storage basin (140).
• the invention can be applied to frameless PV panel (110) systems and half-cell technologies. Furthermore, the invention can be applied to double-glazed (glass-to- glass) PV panels, which are strong against extreme weather conditions, offer fast installation, fewer micro-cracks, and better performance. It can also be applied to the double-surface module technology, but in this case, the porous absorbent sheet (150) cannot be used.
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) can be used when it is microstructured and formed as transparent.
• the invention may be equipped with a spraying system or other mechanisms to moisten the porous absorbent sheet (150), as a solution to situations where the evaporation rate will decrease after most of the water has been released and the heat removal ability will be reduced accordingly.
• the invention can be equipped with a spraying system, brushing apparatus or other mechanisms to cool and/or clean the PV panel (110) surfaces.
• micro or macro water channels or heat pipe applications can be made under the porous absorbent sheet (150).
• the porous absorbent sheet (150) may be moistened by evaporation by heating the rainwater collected in the rainwater storage basin (140) by electrical resistance or other mechanisms, without excessive.

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• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Citations (3)

• 2022
  • 2022-08-18 TR TR2022/013058A patent/TR2022013058A2/tr unknown
  • 2022-09-09 WO PCT/TR2022/050966 patent/WO2024039313A1/en unknown

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