WO2024037391A1

WO2024037391A1 - Antenna structure and vehicle-mounted system

Info

Publication number: WO2024037391A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/111875
Authority: WO
Inventors: 杨晓东; 顾蔚; 刘国礼
Original assignee: 上海移远通信技术股份有限公司
Priority date: 2022-08-18
Filing date: 2023-08-09
Publication date: 2024-02-22
Also published as: CN217788778U

Abstract

An antenna structure and a vehicle-mounted system, relating to the technical field of antennas. The antenna structure comprises a shell having an inner cavity and a circuit board arranged in the inner cavity; an antenna assembly and a board end connector are respectively mounted to the circuit board, the antenna assembly is connected to a radio frequency signal line on the circuit board, the radio frequency signal line is electrically connected to the board end connector by means of an active circuit on the circuit board, and an insertion hole corresponding to a position of the board end connector is formed in the shell. In the production process, the board end connector is not provided with a flexible wire harness, thereby facilitating a mechanical arm accurately grabbing the board end connector, so that the board end connector is directly mounted onto the circuit board by means of an SMT process, thus facilitating improving the automation degree and the yield of a production line, and reducing the production costs.

Description

An antenna structure and vehicle-mounted system

Cross-references to related applications

This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application with application number 202222182931.0 and titled "Antenna Structure and Vehicle-mounted System" submitted to the China Patent Office on August 18, 2022, the entire content of which is incorporated into this application by reference.

Technical field

The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically, to an antenna structure and a vehicle-mounted system.

Background technique

In recent years, with the rapid development of vehicle-mounted smart antennas and smart driving, there are higher requirements for the positioning accuracy of antennas. Compared with single-frequency antennas, dual-frequency antennas can support more galaxies, especially the low-frequency antennas of dual-frequency antennas, which have the advantages of good anti-multipath and anti-interference, so dual-frequency antennas can achieve positioning accuracy of about 1 meter. , the algorithm program can even support centimeter-level positioning accuracy.

Existing antenna structures mostly use an antenna + RF connection line. This connection method corresponds to the production and manufacturing process. Since the RF connection line is flexible, it is difficult for the robot to accurately grasp it, thus limiting the automation and quality of the production line. The increase in efficiency will lead to an increase in production costs.

Application content

The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna structure and a vehicle-mounted system to address the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, so as to improve the degree of automation and yield during production and reduce production costs through structural improvements.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of this application are as follows:

In one aspect of the embodiment of the present application, an antenna structure is provided, including a housing with an inner cavity and a circuit board disposed in the inner cavity. An antenna component and a board-end connector are respectively mounted on the circuit board, and the antenna component is connected to The radio frequency signal line on the circuit board is electrically connected to the board end connector through the active circuit on the circuit board, and a jack corresponding to the position of the board end connector is provided on the housing.

Optionally, the antenna assembly includes a low-frequency antenna layer and a high-frequency antenna layer stacked on a circuit board, and the feed points of the low-frequency antenna layer and the high-frequency antenna layer are respectively connected to radio frequency signal lines on the circuit board.

Optional, the length × width × height dimensions of the low-frequency antenna layer are at least greater than 36mm × 36mm × 6mm, and the high-frequency antenna layer The length × width × height dimensions of the layer must be at least greater than 25mm × 25mm × 4mm.

Optionally, the low-frequency antenna layer covers the L5 frequency band, and the high-frequency antenna layer covers the B1/L1/G1 frequency band.

Optionally, the antenna structure also includes a shielding case located in the inner cavity. The shielding case is fixedly installed on the circuit board and covers the radio frequency signal lines and active circuits on the circuit board.

Optionally, the shield and antenna assembly are located on opposite sides of the circuit board.

Optionally, a sealing ring is provided between the board end connector and the inner wall of the jack.

Optionally, the circuit board is also provided with an electrostatic protection device connected to the active circuit.

Optionally, the housing includes a base and a radome fastened to the base to form an inner cavity.

Another aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle-mounted system, including any of the above antenna structures.

The beneficial effects of this application include:

This application provides an antenna structure and a vehicle-mounted system, including a housing with an inner cavity and a circuit board arranged in the inner cavity. The antenna assembly and the board end connector are respectively mounted on the circuit board, and the antenna assembly is connected to the circuit board. The radio frequency signal line is electrically connected to the board end connector through the active circuit on the circuit board, and a jack corresponding to the position of the board end connector is provided on the housing. During the production process, since the board-end connector does not have a flexible wire harness, it is convenient for the robot to accurately grasp the board-end connector and directly mount it on the circuit board through the SMT process, which helps to improve the automation and quality of the production line. efficiency and reduce production costs.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application and therefore do not It should be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a top view of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 2 is a side view of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 3 is an exploded view of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Icon: 100-antenna structure; 110-casing; 111-radome; 112-base; 113-notch; 120-board connector; 130-antenna assembly; 131-high-frequency antenna layer; 132-low-frequency antenna layer; 140-circuit board; 141-opening; 150-shielding cover; 151-pin; 160-sealing ring; 170-screw; 221, 231-hybrid coupler; 222, 232-first-stage filter; 223, 233-section First-stage amplifier; 240-surface acoustic wave duplexer; 250-second-stage amplifier; 260-electrostatic protection Protection device; 270-output interface.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments These are part of the embodiments of this application, but not all of them. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application provided in the appended drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but rather to represent selected embodiments of the application. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, various features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, and the combined embodiments are still within the protection scope of the present application.

In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship where the product of this application is commonly placed when used. It is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply. The devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish descriptions and shall not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "setting", "installation", "connecting" and "connecting" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood on a case-by-case basis.

In one aspect of the embodiment of the present application, an antenna structure is provided. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 , the antenna structure 100 includes a housing 110 , a circuit board 140 , an antenna assembly 130 and a board end connector 120 , wherein the housing 110 It has an inner cavity, and the circuit board 140 is disposed in the inner cavity. Connected radio frequency signal lines and active circuits are arranged on the circuit board 140 to facilitate the feeding and signal processing of the antenna assembly 130 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , the antenna component 130 and the board-end connector 120 are mounted on the circuit board 140 respectively, and the antenna component 130 is connected to the radio frequency signal line on the circuit board 140 , and the board-end connector 120 is connected to the circuit board. The active circuit on 140 allows the antenna component 130 to be connected to the board-end connector 120 via the radio frequency signal line and the active circuit, so that in actual use, the signal can be received by the antenna component 130 and then pass through the radio frequency signal line. and active After processing of the circuit, it is output from the board end connector 120 . In other words, while carrying the antenna component 130, the circuit board 140 not only provides a feed network for the antenna component 130, but also provides an active circuit for the antenna component 130. The active circuit can not only amplify the signal received by the antenna component 130. Weak signals can improve the receiving sensitivity of the entire link, and the anti-interference ability of the antenna assembly 130 can also be improved by adding a filter.

In addition, a jack can also be provided on the housing 110, and the position of the jack corresponds to the position of the board-end connector 120, thereby facilitating the board-end connector 120 to be plugged into the external device through the jack, so as to realize the connection with the vehicle. System signal transmission. The vehicle-mounted system here can be a vehicle computer, T-BOX, etc.

During the production process, since the board-end connector 120 does not have a flexible wire harness, it is convenient for the robot to accurately grasp the board-end connector 120 and directly mount it on the circuit board 140 through the SMT process, which helps to improve the efficiency of the production line. The degree of automation and yield rate reduce production costs.

Optionally, the antenna component 130 can be a positioning antenna. In order to achieve higher positioning accuracy of the positioning antenna, a dual-frequency GNSS antenna can be used. As shown in Figure 3, the dual-frequency GNSS antenna includes a low-frequency antenna stacked on the circuit board 140. layer 132 and high-frequency antenna layer 131, wherein the low-frequency antenna layer 132 has two feed points, such as two pins, and the low-frequency antenna layer 132 is welded to the radio frequency signal line on the circuit board 140 through these two feed points, as shown in FIG. Therefore, the low-frequency antenna layer 132 can be excited through the radio frequency signal line; similarly, the high-frequency antenna also has two feed points, such as two pins, and the high-frequency antenna layer 131 is welded to the circuit through these two feed points. The radio frequency signal lines on the board 140 can also excite the high frequency antenna layer 131 through the radio frequency signal lines. By using dual-band antennas, more satellite systems can be supported, thereby significantly increasing the number of satellites and thereby improving positioning accuracy.

Optionally, the dual-frequency GNSS antenna can cover all or part of the frequency bands of GPS, Beidou, Glonass, etc. For example, in some embodiments, the low-frequency antenna layer 132 covers the L5 frequency band, and the high-frequency antenna layer 131 covers the B1/L1/G1 frequency band. Since the low-frequency antenna layer 132 can cover the L5 frequency band, its frequency is relatively low, its wavelength is longer, its free space attenuation is smaller, and it has the characteristics of anti-multipath and anti-interference.

When the high-frequency antenna layer 131 and the low-frequency antenna layer 132 use L1+L5 dual-frequency carrier signals, the difference in ionospheric delay between the two frequencies can be used to eliminate the impact of the ionosphere on electromagnetic wave delay, thereby improving the performance of the antenna structure 100 .

In some embodiments, the low-frequency antenna layer 132 and the high-frequency antenna layer 131 may both be ceramic antennas. For example, the low-frequency antenna layer 132 and the high-frequency antenna layer 131 may both be made of ceramics with high dielectric constant and high Q value. Ceramic powder is sintered at high temperature in the mold. For the high-frequency antenna layer 131, a silver surface of a certain size can be printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the ceramic of the high-frequency antenna layer 131. When the upper surface size is within a certain size , the excitation of the pin A B1/L1/G1 resonance will be generated, forming an antenna that can be used to receive GNSS B1/L1/G1 signals. Similarly, for the low-frequency antenna layer 132, a certain size can be printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the ceramic of the low-frequency antenna layer 132. Under the excitation of the pin, an antenna acting on the low frequency band is formed, which can be used to receive L5 Signal.

Optionally, since the larger the size of the ceramic antenna, the lower the dielectric constant of the ceramic powder, the corresponding antenna bandwidth is wider, and the obtained gain is higher. Therefore, in the dual-band antenna, the low-frequency antenna layer 132 Only when the length, width and height dimensions are at least greater than 36mm (length) × 36mm (width) × 6mm (height), and the length, width and height dimensions of the high-frequency antenna layer 131 are at least greater than 25mm (length) × 25mm (width) × 4mm (height) Ensure the number and signal strength of search stars to meet the needs of actual use.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3 , the length, width, and height dimensions of the low-frequency antenna layer 132 are respectively: 45 mm in length × 45 mm in width × 6 mm in height, and the length, width, and height dimensions of the high-frequency antenna layer 131 are: 40 mm in length × width. 40 mm × 4 mm in height, thus not only meeting the performance requirements of the antenna structure 100, but also making the overall size of the antenna structure 100 smaller and adaptable to various installation environments.

Optionally, as shown in Figure 3, the antenna structure 100 also includes a shielding case 150 located in the inner cavity. The shielding case 150 is fixedly installed on the circuit board 140, and the shielding case 150 covers the radio frequency signal lines and active circuits on the circuit board 140. , thus, the shielding cover 150 can prevent clutter signals from entering the active circuit and interfering with the GNSS antenna signal.

The shielding case 150 can be fixedly mounted on the circuit board 140 through peripheral welding. For example, as shown in Figure 3, protruding pins 151 are provided on each side of the shielding case 150, corresponding to the pins 151 provided on the circuit board 140. 151 corresponds to the plug-in opening 141. By inserting the pin 151 into the opening 141 on the circuit board 140, the connection between the shielding case 150 and the circuit board 140 is realized. It should be understood that this application does not limit the number of groups of pins 151 and openings 141. For example, it can be four groups as shown in Figure 3, or it can be two groups, three groups, or other groups. In one implementation, the shielding cover 150 is made of tinplate.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 3 , the shielding cover 150 and the antenna assembly 130 are located on opposite sides of the circuit board 140 respectively. This facilitates the arrangement of the antenna assembly 130 and the shielding cover 150 and avoids the interference between the shielding cover 150 and the antenna assembly 130 . Interact with each other to improve the rationality of the layout of various components in the inner cavity.

Optionally, as shown in Figure 3, a sealing ring 160 is provided between the board end connector 120 and the inner wall of the jack. The sealing ring 160 can seal the gap between the board end connector 120 and the inner wall of the jack. This prevents external water vapor, dust, etc. from entering the interior of the housing 110, effectively improving the service life of the antenna assembly 130, circuit board 140 and other components in the inner cavity.

It should be understood that the board-end connector 120 in this application can be completely located inside the housing 110, or can extend to the outside of the housing 110 through the jack as shown in Figures 1 and 2, which is not specified in this application. limit.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 3 , the housing 110 includes a base 112 and a radome 111 that is fastened to the base 112 to form an inner cavity. Notches 113 are respectively provided on the radome 111 and the base 112 , and the antenna is connected to the base 112 . When the cover 111 and the base 112 are fastened together, the two notches 113 are correspondingly joined together to form an insertion hole on the housing 110 .

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3 , screws 170 may also be provided. The screws 170 fix the circuit board 140 to the radome 111 , thereby achieving the fixation of the antenna assembly 130 , the board end connector 120 , the shielding cover 150 and other components. .

In some embodiments, the radome 111 and the base 112 may be pressed together using an ultrasonic process.

In some embodiments, the radome 111 and the base 112 can be made of ABS+PC. This material has a low dielectric constant, and electromagnetic wave signals can easily penetrate the radome 111 with very little loss.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 4 , an electrostatic protection device 260 connected to the active circuit is also provided on the circuit board 140 . Therefore, electrostatic protection can be achieved through the electrostatic protection device 260 and the entire circuit can be protected.

As shown in FIG. 4 , radio frequency signal lines and active circuits are provided on the circuit board 140 .

Among them, the high-frequency signal enters the hybrid coupler 221 through the two feed points of the high-frequency antenna layer 131B1/L1/G1. The hybrid coupler 221 is a 3dB bridge, which can provide a 90-degree phase shift for two signals of the same frequency. Combined output, so that the high-frequency signal generates a right-hand circularly polarized signal. The output high-frequency signal enters the first-stage filter 222. The first-stage filter 222 can filter out-of-band clutter to prevent high-power The out-of-band signal enters the first-stage amplifier 223, causing the first-stage amplifier 223 to be saturated and inoperable. Therefore, the first-stage filter 222 can provide good anti-interference characteristics for the antenna. The useful signals in the high-frequency signal are filtered by the first-stage filter 222 and then enter the first-stage amplifier 223 for amplification.

The low-frequency signal enters the hybrid coupler 231 through the two feed points of the low-frequency antenna layer 132. The hybrid coupler 231 is a 3dB bridge, which can provide a 90-degree phase shift and combined output for two signals of the same frequency, thereby making the low-frequency signal A right-hand circularly polarized signal is generated, and the output low-frequency signal enters the first-stage filter 232. The first-stage filter 232 can filter out-of-band clutter and prevent high-power out-of-band signals from entering the first-stage amplifier 233. As a result, the first-stage amplifier 233 is saturated and does not work. Therefore, the first-stage filter 232 can provide good anti-interference characteristics for the antenna. The useful signals in the low-frequency signal are filtered by the first-stage filter 232 and then enter the first-stage amplifier 233 for amplification.

The high-frequency signal output by the first-stage amplifier 223 and the low-frequency signal output by the first-stage amplifier 233 enter the surface acoustic wave duplexer 240, and then are combined and output into a dual-frequency signal. Since the surface acoustic wave duplexer 240 The characteristics of its own dual-band filter can further suppress out-of-band clutter, thereby further improving out-of-band suppression.

The dual-frequency signal then enters the second-stage amplifier 250 for secondary amplification to meet the output LNA gain requirement, and is finally output through the output interface 270 of the board-end connector 120 . An electrostatic protection device 260 is added near the output interface 270. The electrostatic protection device 260 can provide electrostatic protection and protect the entire circuit.

Another aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle-mounted system, including any of the above antenna structures 100 . Through the board-end connector 120 of the antenna structure 100, the antenna structure 100 can be quickly plugged into an external device to realize data transmission and interaction with the vehicle-mounted system.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be included in the protection scope of this application.

Industrial applicability

The antenna structure and vehicle-mounted system provided by this application can facilitate the robot to accurately grasp the board-end connector during the production process, so that it can be directly mounted on the circuit board through the SMT process, which helps to improve the automation and quality of the production line. efficiency and reduce production costs. The antenna structure and vehicle-mounted system can be used in automobiles, motorcycles, ships and other fields.

Claims

An antenna structure, characterized in that it includes a housing with an inner cavity and a circuit board disposed in the inner cavity. Antenna components and board-end connectors are respectively mounted on the circuit boards. The antenna components are connected to to the radio frequency signal line on the circuit board. The radio frequency signal line is electrically connected to the board end connector through the active circuit on the circuit board. A hole is provided on the housing to connect to the board end. the jack corresponding to the location of the device.
The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the antenna assembly includes a low-frequency antenna layer and a high-frequency antenna layer stacked on the circuit board, and the low-frequency antenna layer and the high-frequency antenna layer are The feed points are respectively connected to radio frequency signal lines on the circuit board.
The antenna structure according to claim 2, wherein the dimensions of the low-frequency antenna layer are at least greater than 36 mm × 36 mm × 6 mm, and the dimensions of the high-frequency antenna layer are at least Larger than 25mm×25mm×4mm.
The antenna structure according to claim 2, wherein the low-frequency antenna layer covers the L5 frequency band, and the high-frequency antenna layer covers the B1/L1/G1 frequency band.
The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna structure further includes a shielding cover located in the inner cavity, the shielding cover is fixedly installed on the circuit board and covers the radio frequency on the circuit board. signal lines and active circuits.
The antenna structure of claim 5, wherein the shielding cover and the antenna assembly are located on opposite sides of the circuit board.
The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a sealing ring is provided between the board end connector and the inner wall of the socket.
The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein an electrostatic protection device connected to the active circuit is further provided on the circuit board.
The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the housing includes a base and a radome fastened to the base to form the inner cavity.
A vehicle-mounted system, characterized by comprising the antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.