WO2024037197A1 - 一种推进器保护装置及螺旋桨推进器 - Google Patents

一种推进器保护装置及螺旋桨推进器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024037197A1
WO2024037197A1 PCT/CN2023/103076 CN2023103076W WO2024037197A1 WO 2024037197 A1 WO2024037197 A1 WO 2024037197A1 CN 2023103076 W CN2023103076 W CN 2023103076W WO 2024037197 A1 WO2024037197 A1 WO 2024037197A1
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Prior art keywords
propeller
protective cover
protection device
locking block
water inlet
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PCT/CN2023/103076
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
付小华
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浙江唯海科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2024037197A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024037197A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/16—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers characterised by being mounted in recesses; with stationary water-guiding elements; Means to prevent fouling of the propeller, e.g. guards, cages or screens
    • B63H5/165—Propeller guards, line cutters or other means for protecting propellers or rudders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14—Propellers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of underwater propellers, and in particular to an easily disassembled propeller protection device and a propeller propeller with the protection device.
  • the two semicircular protective parts include an end support plate, a middle support plate, an end vertical support piece, Semi-circular bottom protective plate, semi-circular middle protective plate and semi-circular top protective plate.
  • the end support plates and the middle support plates each include a vertical support part and an inclined support part, and the inclined support part is fixedly connected to The top of the vertical support part, through the semicircular bottom protective plate, the semicircular middle protective plate and the semicircular top protective plate, can prevent the propeller from colliding with living things or the human body when rotating at high speed without affecting the normal operation of the propeller. It does not harm living things or human bodies, and reduces the impact of the protective cover on engine horsepower as much as possible. It can effectively protect living things or human bodies other than the propeller to a certain extent, and has good applicability. However, since the installation of the protective cover makes the propeller more likely to become entangled in fishing nets, aquatic plants, etc. and lose power, it requires frequent maintenance. Therefore, the disassembly performance of the protective cover is crucial in the long-term use of the propeller.
  • the present invention provides a propeller thruster with a protective structure that is convenient for disassembly and maintenance.
  • a propeller protection device including: a mounting frame connecting the propeller and the hull; a protective structure surrounding the propeller, and the protective structure includes a front protective cover and a rear protective cover.
  • the front part of the front protective cover is provided with a water inlet grille and the rear part is provided with a buckle part, and the front part of the rear protective cover is provided with a buckle part for engaging with the buckle part.
  • the front protective cover and the rear protective cover are connected to each other through buckles and snap-on parts, making disassembly, cleaning and installation more convenient;
  • the water inlet grille can prevent fish or entangled objects from entering the vicinity of the propeller, protecting the propeller while reducing Biological hazards and damage to the propeller itself;
  • the front protective cover and the rear protective cover together form the propeller duct, limiting the movement direction of the fluid and reducing the power lag of the propeller.
  • the latching portion includes a groove provided on the inner surface of the front protective cover
  • the latching portion includes a clip provided on the outer surface of the rear protective cover
  • the groove includes a clip that can be slid by the clip in the direction of the propeller axis.
  • the guide part is inserted into the propeller and the engaging part can be slid in along the circumferential direction of the propeller by the clamping bar.
  • a locking device is provided on the side of the guide portion away from the engaging portion.
  • the locking device includes a locking block and an elastic member with one end connected to the locking block and the other end connected to the front protective cover.
  • the locking block is pushed out of the groove.
  • the groove position originally occupied by the locking block is released.
  • the locking block is elastically Return to the original position under the action of the parts, the stuck strip cannot slide circumferentially, and is locked circumferentially.
  • the locking block can slide along the axis of the propeller.
  • the locking block When the clamping bar slides into the bottom along the guide part, the locking block is pushed out of the groove by the clamping bar along the axis of the propeller. When the clamping bar slides into the engaging part, the locking block is locked. The block moves into the guide part of the groove along the axis of the propeller under the action of the elastic member, and blocks the clamping bar so that the clamping bar cannot slide circumferentially.
  • the direction of the elastic force exerted by the elastic member on the locking block is the same as the direction of the water flow.
  • the elastic force of the elastic member when the locking block is locked is the same as the direction of the water flow, which reduces the risk that the water flow impacts the locking block, causing the locking block to be pushed out of the groove and causing the front protective cover and the rear protective cover to separate.
  • the locking block is axially provided with a hand lever that passes through the front protective cover, and the front protective cover is provided with a through hole at the hand lever that allows the hand lever to move along the propeller axial direction.
  • slide the hand lever to pull the locking block out of the groove and give way so that the clip bar can slide in the engaging part and then slide out from the guide part to complete the disassembly and the disassembly speed is fast.
  • a sand-proof slope is provided at the bottom of the front protective cover, the sand-proof slope is low in front and high in back, and the sand-proof slope is located below the propeller.
  • the sand-proof slope is located below the propeller.
  • the middle part of the water inlet grille is connected to the mounting bracket to form a skeleton structure to improve the structural strength of the front protective cover.
  • a deflector is provided along the circumferential direction in the rear protective cover to control the outflow direction of the water flow and improve the propulsion efficiency of the propeller.
  • the mounting part is provided with a reverse rudder
  • the reverse rudder includes a water inlet and a water outlet.
  • the reverse rudder is hingedly connected to the installation part through a connecting rod.
  • the reverse rudder water inlet is connected to the rear end of the rear protective cover, and the reverse rudder including the water inlet and outlet are distributed forward. In this way, when reversing the vehicle, the water flow pushed out by the propeller is collected from the water inlet and then sprayed forward from the water outlet to achieve the purpose of reversing the vehicle.
  • the lower part of the installation part is provided with an anti-collision part, and the lowest height of the anti-collision part is smaller than the lowest height of the propeller to protect the bottom of the propeller from collision.
  • the water outlet of the rear protective cover has a closing structure
  • the rear shell of the rear protective cover has an arc shape. So, more It is conducive to maneuverability such as turning.
  • the closing design increases the water pressure at the outlet of the propeller and increases the propulsion force.
  • the water inlet grille is V-shaped, with the middle part protruding forward and the left and right sides extending smoothly back. In this way, debris that cannot enter the water inlet grille is diverted to both sides by the protruding middle structure and slides away, making it difficult for the entire front protective cover to catch debris.
  • the water inlet grille extends smoothly from top to bottom and gradually to the rear. In this way, debris that cannot enter the water inlet grille can slide away along the arc-shaped lower edge, and the entire front protective cover is less likely to get hung up on debris.
  • a propeller propeller includes the propeller protection device described in any one of the above, and the propeller is a propeller.
  • the front protective cover and the rear protective cover are connected to each other through buckles and snap-on parts, making disassembly, cleaning and installation more convenient; the water inlet grille can prevent fish or entangled objects from entering near the propeller, protecting the propeller while reducing biological hazards. and damage to the propeller itself; the front protective cover and the rear protective cover together form a propeller duct, which limits the movement direction of the fluid and reduces the power lag of the propeller.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic exploded perspective view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic front view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view at A-A in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic three-dimensional view of the reversing rudder in Embodiment 1 of the present invention when it is retracted;
  • Figure 6 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the engagement-related structures of the front protective cover and the rear protective cover in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is an exploded three-dimensional schematic diagram of various parts of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic bottom view of the reverse rudder in Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the reverse rudder is opened.
  • mounting bracket 1 anti-collision part 11, front protective cover 2, water inlet grille 21, groove 22, guide part 221, engaging part 222, locking block 23, hand lever 231, anti-sand slope 24 , rear protective cover 3, clip 31, deflector 32, reverse rudder 4, 5 shaftless propeller.
  • Embodiment 1 as shown in Figure 1-6, a propeller protection device applied to a propeller propeller, including installation Frames and protective structures.
  • the mounting bracket connects the propeller to the hull.
  • a protective structure surrounds the propeller.
  • the protective structure includes a front protective cover and a rear protective cover.
  • the front protective cover 2 surrounds the propeller and is located on the front side of the propeller.
  • the front part of the front protective cover 2 is provided with a water inlet grille 21 as a water inlet.
  • the entire water inlet adopts an arc section design similar to that of the ship's bow, so that the entire propeller has less resistance when turning.
  • the rear portion of the front protective cover 2 is provided with a snap-in portion.
  • the rear protective cover 3 surrounds the propeller and is located at the rear side of the propeller.
  • the front part of the rear protective cover 3 is provided with a buckle part for engaging with the buckle part.
  • the mounting bracket 1 is used to install the propeller.
  • the mounting bracket 1 passes through the upper part of the front protective cover 2 and is connected to the hull, and the lower part is abutted in the front protective cover 2 .
  • the lower part of the mounting bracket 1 is provided with an anti-collision part 11 lower than the propeller to prevent the propeller from bottoming out and colliding.
  • the front protective cover 2 and the rear protective cover 3 are connected to each other through buckle parts and buckle parts.
  • the buckling part includes a plurality of "L"-shaped clips 31 provided on the outer surface of the rear protective cover 3.
  • the buckling part includes an "L"-shaped groove 22 provided on the inner surface of the front protective cover 2.
  • the groove 22 includes a The guide part 221 is slidable by the clamping bar 31 in the propeller axis direction, and the engaging part 222 is slidable by the clamping bar 31 in the propeller circumferential direction.
  • the length of the engaging portion 222 along the propeller circumferential direction is smaller than the length of the clamping bar 31 along the propeller circumferential direction.
  • the length of the engaging portion 222 along the propeller axial direction is equal to the length of the clip 31 along the propeller axial direction, so that the clip 31 does not move axially after sliding into the engaging portion 222 .
  • the guide portion 221 of one of the grooves is provided with a locking device.
  • the locking device is arranged on the side of the guide part away from the engaging part. As shown in Figure 6, the locking device includes a locking block 23 and a spring (not shown in the figure) connected to the locking block 23 at one end and connected to the rear protective cover 3 at the other end. The locking block can slide along the axis direction of the propeller, and the locking block moves into the guide part under the force of the spring.
  • the locking device also includes an axial chute provided on the inner surface of the front protective cover.
  • the axial chute extends along the axial direction of the propeller.
  • the axial chute is connected to the guide portion where the locking device is located.
  • the locking device The block slides along the axial slide. When the clamping strip slides all the way along the guide part, the locking block is pushed out of the groove along the axis of the propeller by the clamping strip. When the clip bar slides into the engaging portion, the locking block moves into the guide portion of the groove along the axis of the propeller under the action of the elastic member, and blocks the clip bar so that the clip bar cannot slide circumferentially.
  • the best solution in this embodiment is the sum of the length of the locking block 23 along the circumferential direction of the propeller and the length of the clip bar 31 located outside the engaging portion 222 after sliding into the engaging portion 222 along the circumferential direction of the propeller. , equal to the length of the guide portion 221 along the circumferential direction of the propeller, to prevent circumferential movement after locking.
  • the sum of the length of the locking block 23 along the circumferential direction of the propeller and the length of the clipping bar 31 located outside the engaging portion 222 after sliding into the engaging portion 222 along the circumferential direction of the propeller can also be smaller than the length along the circumferential direction of the guide portion 221 .
  • the locking block can block the clamping bar so that the clamping bar cannot Just slide it out in the circumferential direction to the outside of the engaging part.
  • the clip strip 31 on the rear protective cover 3 is aligned with the corresponding guide portion 221 of the front protective cover 2, and after sliding in, the locking block 23 is pushed out of the groove 22, leaving the groove 22 originally occupied by the locking block 23. position, you can rotate the rear protective cover 3 or the front protective cover 2 so that the clamping bar 31 slides into the engaging portion 222, and the locking block 23 returns to its original position under the action of the elastic member.
  • the clamping bar 31 is blocked and cannot slide circumferentially. direction lock.
  • the direction of the elastic force exerted by the elastic member on the locking block is the same as the direction of the water flow.
  • the elastic force of the elastic member when the locking block is locked is the same as the direction of the water flow, which reduces the risk that the water flow impacts the locking block, causing the locking block to be pushed out of the groove and causing the front protective cover and the rear protective cover to separate (the locking block locks refers to the state in which after the clamping strip slides into the engaging part, the locking block moves into the guide part of the groove along the axis of the propeller under the action of the elastic member, and blocks the clamping strip so that the clamping strip cannot slide circumferentially).
  • the outside of the locking block 23 is provided with a hand lever 231 that passes through the front protective cover 2.
  • the front protective cover 2 is provided with a through hole at the hand lever 231 that allows the hand lever 231 to move along the propeller axial direction.
  • the hand lever 231 causes the locking block 23 to pull out of the groove 22 and move out of position so that the clamping bar 31 can slide circumferentially on the engaging portion 222 and then axially slide out of the guide portion 221 to complete the disassembly.
  • the front protective cover 2 and the rear protective cover 3 are provided separately, materials with different effects can be used according to different protection purposes.
  • the front protective cover 2 can be made of high-strength metal materials such as stainless steel and aluminum alloy to cope with high-intensity front and side impacts.
  • the rear protective cover 3 is made of plastic and other materials that can be slightly elastically deformed. It is lightweight and does not plastically deform. It will not affect the operation of the propeller even if it is broken by impact.
  • the water outlet of the rear protective cover 3 has a closed-mouth design, that is, the water outlet of the rear protective cover has a closed-mouth structure.
  • the inner diameter of the water outlet of the rear protective cover gradually decreases from front to back.
  • the front end of the rear protective cover is the water inlet, and the rear end is the water outlet.
  • the closing design makes the rear shell of the rear protective shield have an arc shape, that is, the rear shell of the rear protective shield has an arc shape, and the outer diameter of the rear shell gradually decreases from front to back. In this way, it is more conducive to maneuverability such as turning.
  • the closing design increases the water pressure at the propeller outlet and increases the propulsion force.
  • a sand-proof slope 24 is provided at the bottom of the front protective cover 2 .
  • the anti-sand slope 24 is low in front and high in back.
  • the anti-sand slope is located below the propeller.
  • the anti-sand slope 24 is located directly in front of the propeller and has a cliff-like shape near the propeller.
  • the middle part of the water inlet grille 21 is connected with the mounting bracket 1 to form a skeleton structure to improve the structural strength of the front protective cover 2 .
  • the side view of the water inlet grille 21 at the front of the front protective cover 2 is arc-shaped, and gradually retracts from top to bottom, that is, the water inlet grille gradually extends smoothly from top to bottom. . In this way, debris that cannot enter the water inlet grille 21 can slide away along the arc-shaped lower edge.
  • the bottom view of the water inlet grille 21 has a streamlined appearance like the bow of a ship.
  • the middle part of the water inlet grille 21 is the most protruding.
  • the water inlet grille 21 is V-shaped, with the middle part protruding forward and left and right. The sides extend smoothly back. In this way, debris that cannot enter the water inlet grille 21 is diverted to both sides by the protruding middle structure and slides away, so that the entire front protective cover 2 is less likely to be hung up with debris.
  • a plurality of deflectors 32 are provided along the circumferential direction in the rear protective cover 3. As shown in Figure 6, each deflector 32 is parallel to the direction of the water flow. The deflectors 32 control the outflow direction of the water flow and improve the propeller propulsion efficiency.
  • the mounting frame 1 is provided with a reverse rudder 4 .
  • the reverse rudder is hingedly connected to the mounting part through a connecting rod.
  • One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the reverse rudder, and the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected to the installation part.
  • the reverse rudder 4 includes a water inlet and a water outlet.
  • the reverse rudder 4 includes a reverse rudder duct, and the reverse rudder duct is C-shaped or U-shaped.
  • the reverse rudder duct is the water inlet of the reverse rudder, and the other end of the reverse rudder duct is the water outlet of the reverse rudder.
  • the reverse rudder water inlet is connected to the rear end of the rear protective cover, and the reverse rudder including the water inlet and the water outlet are distributed forward.
  • the reverse rudder 4 is opened, that is, the reverse rudder rotates downward.
  • connect the reverse rudder water inlet to the rear end of the rear protective cover as shown in Figure 1.
  • the water flow pushed out by the propeller is collected from the water inlet and then sprayed forward from the water outlet. Reverse can be achieved without the propeller reversal. Purpose.
  • the advantages of this embodiment also include: when the propeller needs to be cleaned, it can be opened and closed in a few seconds without tools to achieve quick maintenance; the water inlet grille 21 can prevent fish or entangled objects from entering near the propeller , while protecting the propeller, it reduces biological hazards and damage to the propeller itself; the front protective cover 2 and the rear protective cover 3 together form a propeller duct, which limits the movement direction of the fluid and reduces the power lag of the propeller; it can simultaneously withstand sides, shoals, and reversing and impact while turning.
  • Embodiment 2 is a propeller propeller, including the propeller protection device of Embodiment 1.
  • the propeller of a propeller is a propeller.
  • the propeller is a shaft propeller or a shaftless propeller.
  • the propeller is a shaftless propeller 5.
  • the mounting bracket 1 is only installed on the upper part of the front protective cover to connect to the hull. There is no need to penetrate the protective structure, which reduces the difficulty of installation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种推进器保护装置及螺旋桨推进器，包括连接螺旋桨（5）和船体的安装架（1）以及包围住螺旋桨（5）的保护结构，保护结构包括前保护罩（2）和后保护罩（3），前保护罩（2）的前部设置有进水口格栅（21）且后部设置有卡接部，后保护罩（3）的前部设置有与卡接部相卡合的卡扣部。前保护罩和后保护罩卡接，方便安装、拆卸，有助于清理推进器里的杂物。

Description

一种推进器保护装置及螺旋桨推进器 技术领域
本发明涉及水下推进器领域，具体涉及一种方便拆卸的推进器保护装置以及带有保护装置的螺旋桨推进器。
背景技术
水下推进器，如螺旋桨等，航行时容易与浅滩或礁石撞击损坏，因此出现了许多在螺旋桨外增加涵道保护装置的推进器，例如，一种在中国专利文献上公开的“螺旋桨保护罩”，其公开号为CN103910052B，包括两个半圆防护部，且两个半圆防护部的一端通过螺栓相连接，两个半圆防护部均包括端部支撑板、中部支撑板、端部竖支撑片、半圆形底防护板、半圆形中部防护板和半圆形顶部防护板，所述端部支撑板和中部支撑板均包括竖直支撑部和倾斜支撑部，所述倾斜支撑部固定连接在所述竖直支撑部的顶部，通过半圆形底防护板、半圆形中部防护板和半圆形顶部防护板，在不影响螺旋桨的正常工作的同时可防止螺旋桨高速旋转时磕碰生物或人体而伤害生物或人体，并尽可能的降低了保护罩对发动机马力的影响，一定程度上可有效的保护螺旋桨之外的生物或人体，适用性好。但是，由于保护罩的设置使得螺旋桨更容易被渔网、水草等缠绕失去动力，需要经常维修，因此保护罩的拆卸性能在螺旋桨的长期使用中至关重要。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中带有保护结构的螺旋桨推进器拆卸不便的问题，本发明提供了一种方便拆卸维修的带有保护结构的螺旋桨推进器。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种推进器保护装置，包括：安装架，连接推进器和船体；保护结构，包围住推进器，所述保护结构包括前保护罩和后保护罩，所述前保护罩的前部设置有进水口格栅且后部设置有卡接部，所述后保护罩的前部设置有用于与所述卡接部相卡合的卡扣部。
前保护罩和后保护罩通过卡扣部和卡接部相互连接，拆卸清理和安装更加方便；进水口格栅可使得鱼类或者缠绕物不容易进入推进器附近，在保护推进器的同时减少生物危害和推进器自身的损坏；前保护罩和后保护罩共同组成推进器涵道，限制流体的运动方向，减少推进器的动力迟滞。
作为优选，卡接部包括设置在前保护罩内表面的凹槽，所述卡扣部包括设置在后保护罩外表面的卡条，所述凹槽包括能够被卡条在推进器轴线方向滑入的引导部和能够被卡条沿螺旋桨周向滑入的卡合部。安装时，后保护罩上的卡条对准前保护罩对应的引导部滑入到底 后，转动后保护罩或前保护罩，使得卡条滑入卡合部，则后保护罩和前保护罩卡合，轴向锁定。
作为优选，引导部远离卡合部的一侧设置有锁止装置，所述锁止装置包括锁止块和一端连接锁止块，另一端连接在前保护罩上的弹性件。安装时，当卡条滑入引导部的过程中，锁止块被推出凹槽，当卡条被滑入卡合部后，让出原本锁止块占据的凹槽位置，锁止块在弹性件作用下回归原位，卡住卡条无法周向滑动，周向锁定。锁止块能够沿推进器轴线方向滑移，当卡条沿引导部滑入到底后，锁止块被卡条沿推进器轴线方向推出凹槽；当卡条滑入卡合部后，锁止块在弹性件作用下沿推进器轴线方向移入凹槽的引导部内，卡住卡条，以使卡条无法周向滑动。
作为优选，锁止块受到弹性件的弹力方向与水流方向相同。锁止块锁止时受到的弹性件弹力与水流方向相同，减少了水流冲击锁止块导致锁止块被推出凹槽引发前保护罩和后保护罩分离的风险。
作为优选，锁止块轴向上设置有从前保护罩穿出的手拨杆，所述前保护罩在手拨杆处设置有能够让手拨杆沿螺旋桨轴向移动的通孔。当需要拆除保护装置时，滑动手拨杆使得锁止块拉出凹槽，让出位置使得卡条可以在卡合部滑动，进而从引导部滑出，完成拆卸，拆卸速度快。
作为优选，前保护罩底部设置有防沙坡，所述防沙坡前低后高，防沙坡位于推进器下方。当有泥沙从前保护罩底部进入后，沿着防沙坡被抬高，通过螺旋桨时被水流冲高扰动，泥沙即可跟水流一起冲走，不会积累在保护装置底部。
作为优选，进水口格栅的中部与安装架相连，形成骨架结构，提高前保护罩的结构强度。
作为优选，后保护罩内沿周向设置有导流板，控制水流流出方向，提高推进器推进效率。
作为优选，安装部上设置有倒车舵，倒车舵包括进水口和出水口。倒车舵通过连杆与安装部铰接相连，在倒车时，倒车舵进水口与后保护罩的后端连接，且倒车舵包括进水口和出水口均朝前分布。如此，在倒车时，将推进器推出的水流从进水口收集后从出水口向前喷出，达到倒车的目的。
作为优选，所述安装部下部设置有防撞部，所述防撞部最低处高度小于螺旋桨最低处高度，以保护推进器底部的碰撞。
作为优选，后保护罩的出水口呈收口结构，后保护罩后部外壳呈圆弧外形。如此，更 有利于转弯等机动性，同时收口设计使推进器出水口水压提升，增加推进力。
作为优选，进水口格栅呈V字形，其中部往前凸出，左右两侧往后平滑延伸。如此，使得无法进入进水口格栅的杂物被突出的中部结构分流到两边滑走，整个前保护罩不容易挂上杂物。
作为优选，进水口格栅从上往下逐渐向后平滑延伸。如此，使得无法进入进水口格栅的杂物可以顺着弧形下缘滑走，整个前保护罩不容易挂上杂物。
一种螺旋桨推进器，包括上述任意一项所述的推进器保护装置，且所述推进器为螺旋桨。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：
前保护罩和后保护罩通过卡扣部和卡接部相互连接，拆卸清理和安装更加方便；进水口格栅可使得鱼类或者缠绕物不容易进入螺旋桨附近，在保护螺旋桨的同时减少生物危害和螺旋桨自身的损坏；前保护罩和后保护罩共同组成螺旋桨涵道，限制流体的运动方向，减少螺旋桨的动力迟滞。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一的立体示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一的爆炸立体示意图；
图3为本发明实施例一的前视示意图；
图4为图3中A-A处的剖面示意图；
图5为本发明实施例一的倒车舵收起时的立体示意图；
图6为本发明实施例一的前保护罩和后保护罩的卡合相关结构的立体示意图；
图7为本发明实施例二的各部分爆炸立体示意图；
图8为本发明实施例一倒车舵打开时的仰视示意图。
图中：安装架1、防撞部11、前保护罩2、进水口格栅21、凹槽22、引导部221、卡合部222、锁止块23、手拨杆231、防沙坡24、后保护罩3、卡条31、导流板32、倒车舵4、5无轴螺旋桨。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合附图和具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明是如何实施的，必须指出的是，下文中所述的“周向”、“轴向”均以螺旋桨旋转方向为基准。
实施例一，如图1-6所示，一种推进器保护装置，应用在螺旋桨推进器上，包括安装 架与保护结构。安装架连接推进器和船体。保护结构包围住推进器。保护结构包括前保护罩和后保护罩。前保护罩2围住螺旋桨且位于螺旋桨前侧。前保护罩2的前部设置有进水口格栅21作为进水口，整个进水口采用与船头类似的圆弧切面设计，使得整个推进器在转弯时阻力更小。前保护罩2的后部设置有卡接部。后保护罩3围住螺旋桨且位于螺旋桨后侧。后保护罩3的前部设置有用于与卡接部相卡合的卡扣部。
螺旋桨工作时，无法进入保护罩的物体会受进水口水力从下方通过，而能进入的一般都比进水口格栅21小，所以能从后方直接排出，如果是软质长条形如绳子之类的物体可能还是会缠绕螺旋桨，发现动力不足快速打开后保护罩3将缠绕物拿出即可，可很大程度上防止螺旋桨被撞击、缠绕、切割伤害。
具体的，安装架1用于安装螺旋桨，安装架1从前保护罩2上部穿出连接船体，下部抵接在前保护罩2内。安装架1下部设置有低于螺旋桨的防撞部11，防止螺旋桨触底碰撞。
前保护罩2和后保护罩3通过卡扣部和卡接部相互连接。卡扣部包括设置在后保护罩3外表面的若干个“L”形的卡条31，卡接部包括设置在前保护罩2内表面的“L”形凹槽22，凹槽22包括能够被卡条31在螺旋桨轴线方向滑入的引导部221和能够被卡条31沿螺旋桨周向滑入的卡合部222。卡合部222沿螺旋桨周向的长度小于卡条31沿螺旋桨周向的长度。卡合部222沿螺旋桨轴向的长度等于卡条31沿螺旋桨轴向的长度，使得卡条31滑入卡合部222后不发生轴向移动。其中一个凹槽的引导部221设置有锁止装置。锁止装置设置在引导部上远离卡合部的一侧。如图6所示，锁止装置包括锁止块23和一端连接锁止块23，另一端连接后保护罩3的弹簧(图中未画出)。锁止块能够沿推进器轴线方向滑移，锁止块在弹簧的作用力下移入引导部内。本实施例中，锁止装置还包括设置在前保护罩内表面上的轴向滑槽，轴向滑槽沿螺旋桨轴向延伸，轴向滑槽与锁止装置所在的引导部连通，锁止块沿轴向滑槽滑动。当卡条沿引导部滑入到底后，锁止块被卡条沿推进器轴线方向推出凹槽。当卡条滑入卡合部后，锁止块在弹性件作用下沿推进器轴线方向移入凹槽的引导部内，卡住卡条，以使卡条无法周向滑动。本实施例中的最佳方案是，锁止块23沿螺旋桨周向的长度与卡条31在滑入卡合部222后位于卡合部222外的卡条31沿螺旋桨周向的长度之和，等于引导部221沿螺旋桨周向的长度，防止锁止后发生周向移动。当然，锁止块23沿螺旋桨周向的长度与卡条31在滑入卡合部222后位于卡合部222外的卡条31沿螺旋桨周向的长度之和，也可以小于引导部221沿螺旋桨周向的长度，只要在卡条滑入卡合部，锁止块在弹性件作用下沿推进器轴线方向移入凹槽的引导部内后，锁止块能够卡住卡条，使卡条无法周向滑动移出到卡合部外侧即可。
安装时，后保护罩3上的卡条31对准前保护罩2对应的引导部221，滑入到底后锁止块23被推出凹槽22，让出原本锁止块23占据的凹槽22位置，即可转动后保护罩3或前保护罩2，使得卡条31滑入卡合部222，锁止块23在弹性件作用下回归原位，卡住卡条31无法周向滑动，周向锁定。本实施例中，锁止块受到弹性件的弹力方向与水流方向相同。如此，锁止块锁止时受到的弹性件弹力与水流方向相同，减少了水流冲击锁止块导致锁止块被推出凹槽引发前保护罩和后保护罩分离的风险(锁止块锁止时是指，卡条滑入卡合部后，锁止块在弹性件作用下沿推进器轴线方向移入凹槽的引导部内，卡住卡条，以使卡条无法周向滑动的状态)。
拆卸时，锁止块23外侧设置有从前保护罩2穿出的手拨杆231，前保护罩2在手拨杆231处设置有能够让手拨杆231沿螺旋桨轴向移动的通孔，滑动手拨杆231使得锁止块23拉出凹槽22，让出位置使得卡条31可以在卡合部222周向滑动，进而从引导部221轴向滑出，完成拆卸。
由于前保护罩2和后保护罩3分开设置，能够根据不同防护目的使用不同效果的材料，例如前保护罩2可使用不锈钢、铝合金等高强度金属材料，以应对高烈度的正面和侧面撞击。而后保护罩3采用塑料等可轻微弹性变形的材料，轻质且不塑性变形，受撞击破碎后也不会影响螺旋桨运行。
后保护罩3的出水口做收口设计，即后保护罩的出水口呈收口结构，本实施例中，后保护罩的出水口的内径由前往后逐渐减小。后保护罩的前端为进水口，后端为出水口。收口设计使后保护罩后部外壳呈圆弧外形，即后保护罩后部外壳呈圆弧外形，后保护罩后部的外径由前往后逐渐减小。如此，更利于转弯等机动性，同时收口设计使推进器出水口水压提升，增加推进力。
前保护罩2底部设置有防沙坡24。防沙坡24前低后高。防沙坡位于推进器下方。本实施例中，防沙坡24位于螺旋桨正下方之前，且在靠近螺旋桨处为一断崖式形状。当有泥沙从前保护罩2底部进入后，沿着防沙坡24被抬高，通过螺旋桨时被水流冲高扰动，泥沙即可跟水流一起冲走，不会积累在保护装置底部。
进水口格栅21的中部与安装架1相连，形成骨架结构，提高前保护罩2的结构强度。如图5，前保护罩2前部的进水口格栅21的侧视图外观呈圆弧形，且从上往下逐渐向后收起，即进水口格栅从上往下逐渐向后平滑延伸。如此，使得无法进入进水口格栅21的杂物可以顺着弧形下缘滑走。如图8所示，进水口格栅21的仰视图外观呈如船头一样的流线型，进水口格栅21的中部最突出，即进水口格栅呈V字形，其中部往前凸出，左右两侧往后平滑延伸。 如此，使得无法进入进水口格栅21的杂物被突出的中部结构分流到两边滑走，整个前保护罩2不容易挂上杂物。
后保护罩3内沿周向设置有多个导流板32，如图6所示，每个导流板32与水流方向平行，导流板32控制水流流出方向，提高螺旋桨推进效率。
安装架1上设置有倒车舵4。倒车舵通过连杆与安装部铰接相连。连杆一端与倒车舵固定连接，连杆另一端与安装部铰接相连。船舶前进时可收起倒车舵，即倒车舵往上转动收起，如图5所示。倒车舵4包括进水口和出水口，具体的，倒车舵4包括倒车舵涵道，倒车舵涵道呈C形或U形。倒车舵涵道的一端为倒车舵的进水口，倒车舵涵道的另一端为倒车舵的出水口。在倒车时，倒车舵进水口与后保护罩的后端连接，且倒车舵包括进水口和出水口均朝前分布，具体的，当需要倒车时，打开倒车舵4，即倒车舵往下转动到位，使倒车舵进水口与后保护罩的后端连接，如图1所示，将螺旋桨推出的水流从进水口收集后从出水口向前喷出，不需要螺旋桨反转即可达到倒车的目的。
本实施例的优点还包括：需要清理螺旋桨时可无工具情况下几秒钟打开，几秒钟合上，做到快速维护；进水口格栅21可使得鱼类或者缠绕物不容易进入螺旋桨附近，在保护螺旋桨的同时减少生物危害和螺旋桨自身的损坏；前保护罩2和后保护罩3共同组成螺旋桨涵道，限制流体的运动方向，减少螺旋桨的动力迟滞；能够同时抵挡侧面、浅滩、倒车以及转弯时的撞击。
实施例二，一种螺旋桨推进器，包括实施例一的推进器保护装置。螺旋桨推进器的推进器为螺旋桨。螺旋桨为有轴螺旋桨或无轴螺旋桨。如图7所示，该螺旋桨为无轴螺旋桨5，此时，安装架1只设置在前保护罩的上部以连接船体，不需要穿进保护结构，降低了安装难度。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种推进器保护装置，其特征在于，包括：
    安装架，连接推进器和船体；
    保护结构，包围住推进器，所述保护结构包括前保护罩和后保护罩，所述前保护罩的前部设置有进水口格栅且后部设置有卡接部，所述后保护罩的前部设置有用于与所述卡接部相卡合的卡扣部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述卡接部包括设置在前保护罩内表面的凹槽，所述卡扣部包括设置在后保护罩外表面的卡条，所述凹槽包括能够被卡条在推进器轴线方向滑入的引导部和能够被卡条沿推进器周向滑入的卡合部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述引导部远离卡合部的一侧设置有锁止装置，所述锁止装置包括锁止块和一端连接锁止块，另一端连接在前保护罩上的弹性件。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述锁止块能够沿推进器轴线方向滑移，当卡条沿引导部滑入到底后，锁止块被卡条沿推进器轴线方向推出凹槽；当卡条滑入卡合部后，锁止块在弹性件作用下沿推进器轴线方向移入凹槽的引导部内，卡住卡条，以使卡条无法周向滑动。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述锁止块受到弹性件的弹力方向与水流方向相同。
  6. 根据权利要求3或4所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述锁止块上设置有从前保护罩穿出的手拨杆，所述前保护罩在手拨杆处设置有能够让手拨杆沿推进器轴向移动的通孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述前保护罩底部设置有防沙坡，所述防沙坡前低后高，防沙坡位于推进器下方。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述后保护罩内沿周向设置有导流板。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述进水口格栅的中部与安装架相连。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述安装部上设置有倒车舵，倒车舵包括进水口和出水口。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：倒车舵通过连杆与安装部铰接相连，在倒车时，倒车舵进水口与后保护罩的后端连接，且倒车舵包括进水口和出水口均朝前分布。
  12. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述安装部下部设置有防撞部，所述防撞部最低处高度小于推进器最低处高度。
  13. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述后保护罩的出水口呈收口结构，后保护罩后部外壳呈圆弧外形。
  14. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述进水口格栅呈V字形，其中部往前凸出，左右两侧往后平滑延伸。
  15. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的推进器保护装置，其特征在于：所述进水口格栅从上往下逐渐向后平滑延伸。
  16. 一种螺旋桨推进器，其特征在于：包括权利要求1-15任意一项所述的推进器保护装置，且所述推进器为螺旋桨。
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CN108750058A (zh) * 2018-05-22 2018-11-06 珠海佰家科技有限公司 一种水上推进装置及水陆两栖船
CN211893614U (zh) * 2019-11-12 2020-11-10 梁炳胜 一种水下泵推进器
CN115416831A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-12-02 浙江唯海科技有限公司 一种推进器保护装置及螺旋桨推进器

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