WO2024034352A1 - 光検出素子、電子機器、及び、光検出素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
光検出素子、電子機器、及び、光検出素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024034352A1 WO2024034352A1 PCT/JP2023/026705 JP2023026705W WO2024034352A1 WO 2024034352 A1 WO2024034352 A1 WO 2024034352A1 JP 2023026705 W JP2023026705 W JP 2023026705W WO 2024034352 A1 WO2024034352 A1 WO 2024034352A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/47—Image sensors with pixel address output; Event-driven image sensors; Selection of pixels to be read out based on image data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/703—SSIS architectures incorporating pixels for producing signals other than image signals
- H04N25/707—Pixels for event detection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
Definitions
- Embodiments according to the present disclosure relate to a photodetection element, an electronic device, and a method for manufacturing a photodetection element.
- the present disclosure provides a photodetection element, an electronic device, and a method for manufacturing a photodetection element that can improve detection sensitivity.
- a light receiving section that generates a charge according to the amount of light received; a voltage conversion unit that acquires the charge generated in the light receiving unit via an input node, converts the charge into a voltage signal, and outputs the voltage signal from an output node; a signal amplification section that amplifies the voltage signal; a comparison unit that compares the voltage of the voltage signal amplified by the signal amplification unit and a predetermined voltage; Equipped with The voltage converter includes: an amplifier circuit connected between the input node and the output node; a feedback circuit connected between the input node and the output node; has A photodetecting element is provided in which the gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistors included in the signal amplifying section and the comparing section.
- the subthreshold slope of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit may be higher than the subthreshold slope of the transistors included in the signal amplification section and the comparison section.
- the amplification circuit includes: a second transistor connected between the output node and a first reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the input node; a current source connected between the output node and a second reference voltage node different from the first reference voltage node; has A gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit may be thicker than a gate insulating film of the second transistor.
- the amplification circuit includes: a second transistor connected between the output node and a first reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the input node; a current source connected between the output node and a second reference voltage node different from the first reference voltage node; has The subthreshold slope of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit may be higher than the subthreshold slope of the second transistor.
- the feedback circuit may include a first transistor connected between the input node and the third reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the output node.
- the feedback circuit further includes a third transistor connected between the input node and the first transistor, The third transistor may amplify a voltage at a node between the first transistor and the third transistor and output the amplified voltage to the input node.
- the amplification circuit includes: a second transistor connected between the output node and a first reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the input node; a current source connected between the output node and a second reference voltage node different from the first reference voltage node; has The channel length of the first transistor may be shorter than the channel length of the second transistor.
- the length of the gate electrode of the first transistor in the channel length direction may be shorter than the length of the gate electrode of the second transistor in the channel length direction.
- the first transistor includes a source extension extending from the source layer toward the drain layer and having a lower impurity concentration than the source layer; and a source extension extending from the drain layer toward the source layer. and at least one drain extension having an impurity concentration lower than that of the drain layer,
- the source extension and the drain extension may be arranged to overlap a gate electrode of the first transistor when viewed from a direction substantially perpendicular to a substrate surface on which the first transistor is provided.
- a gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit may be thicker than a gate insulating film of the first transfer transistor.
- a gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit may be thicker than a gate insulating film of the second transfer transistor.
- the amplification circuit includes: a second transistor connected between the output node and a first reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the input node; a current source connected between the output node and a second reference voltage node different from the first reference voltage node; has The gate insulating film of the second transistor may be thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistors included in the signal amplification section and the comparison section.
- the substrate-side end of the gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit may be located closer to the substrate than the substrate-side end of the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the amplifier circuit.
- the amplification circuit includes: a second transistor connected between the output node and a first reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the input node; a current source connected between the output node and a second reference voltage node different from the first reference voltage node; has a first semiconductor chip on which the light receiving section, the feedback circuit, and the second transistor are arranged; a second semiconductor chip stacked with the first semiconductor chip and on which the current source, the signal amplification section, and the comparison section are arranged; It may further include.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit may be 5 nm or more.
- the threshold slope of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit may be 100 mV/decade or more.
- an electronic device including a photodetection element is provided.
- the light receiving unit generates a charge according to the amount of received light; a voltage conversion unit that acquires the charge generated in the light receiving unit via an input node, converts the charge into a voltage signal, and outputs the voltage signal from an output node; a signal amplification section that amplifies the voltage signal; a comparison unit that compares the voltage of the voltage signal amplified by the signal amplification unit and a predetermined voltage; Equipped with The voltage converter includes: an amplifier circuit connected between the input node and the output node; a feedback circuit connected between the input node and the output node; has The method for manufacturing a photodetecting element, wherein the gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistors included in the signal amplifying section and the comparing section, forming a gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit using LOCOS (LOCal Oxidation of Silicon); A method for manufacturing a photodetecting element is provided.
- LOCOS LOC
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a system configuration of an imaging system to which the technology according to the present disclosure is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an imaging device according to a first configuration example of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a pixel array section.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of a pixel.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a first configuration example of an address event detection section.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of a current-voltage converter in the address event detector.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of a subtracter and a quantizer in an address event detection section.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a second configuration example of an address event detection section.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an imaging device according to a second configuration example of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing a stacked chip structure of the imaging device.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a column processing section of an imaging device according to a first configuration example.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a top view showing an example of the arrangement of pixel configurations according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a transistor according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 17A.
- FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 17B.
- FIG. 17C is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 17C.
- FIG. 17D is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 17D.
- FIG. 17E is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG.
- FIG. 17E is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 17F.
- FIG. 17G is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 17G.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a transistor according to a modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 18A is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 18A.
- FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 18B.
- FIG. 18C is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 18C.
- FIG. 18D is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 18D.
- FIG. 18E is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 18E.
- FIG. 18F is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 18F.
- FIG. 18G is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 18G.
- FIG. 18H is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 18H.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a pixel and a signal processing section according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a top view showing an example of arrangement of pixel configurations according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a transistor according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a top view showing an example of the arrangement of pixel configurations according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a transistor according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a top view showing an example of the arrangement of pixel configurations according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a transistor according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 26A is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 26A.
- FIG. 26B is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 26B.
- FIG. 26C is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 26C.
- FIG. 26D is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG.
- FIG. 26E is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 26E.
- FIG. 26F is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 26F.
- FIG. 26G is a cross-sectional view showing a step subsequent to FIG. 26G.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a transistor according to a modification of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 27A is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 27A.
- FIG. 27B is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 27B.
- FIG. 27C is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 27C.
- FIG. 27D is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 27D.
- FIG. 27E is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 27E.
- FIG. 27F is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 27F.
- FIG. 27G is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 27G.
- FIG. 27H is a cross-sectional view showing a step following FIG. 27H.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a transistor according to a sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a top view showing an example of the arrangement of pixel structures according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration according to a seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration according to an eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration according to a ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration according to a tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration according to an eleventh embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration according to a twelfth embodiment.
- 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of an electronic device.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle control system.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of installation positions of an outside-vehicle information detection section and an imaging section.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the system configuration of an imaging system to which the technology according to the present disclosure is applied.
- an imaging system 10 to which the technology according to the present disclosure is applied includes an imaging lens 11, an imaging device 20, a recording section 12, and a control section 13.
- This imaging system 10 is an example of an electronic device according to the present disclosure, and examples of the electronic device include a camera system mounted on an industrial robot, a vehicle-mounted camera system, and the like.
- the imaging lens 11 takes in incident light from a subject and forms an image on the imaging surface of the imaging device 20.
- the imaging device 20 photoelectrically converts incident light taken in by the imaging lens 11 on a pixel-by-pixel basis to obtain imaging data.
- this imaging device 20 an imaging device of the present disclosure, which will be described later, is used.
- the imaging device 20 performs predetermined signal processing such as image recognition processing on the captured image data, and outputs the processing results and an address event detection signal (hereinafter simply referred to as "detection signal") to be described later. data indicating that there is) is output to the recording unit 12. A method of generating the address event detection signal will be described later.
- the recording unit 12 stores data supplied from the imaging device 20 via the signal line 14.
- the control unit 13 is configured by, for example, a microcomputer, and controls the imaging operation in the imaging device 20.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an imaging device according to a first configuration example, which is used as the imaging device 20 in the imaging system 10 to which the technology according to the present disclosure is applied.
- the imaging device 20 is an asynchronous imaging device called DVS, which includes a pixel array section 21, a driving section 22, an arbiter section (arbitration section ) 23, a column processing section 24, and a signal processing section 25.
- DVS asynchronous imaging device
- a plurality of pixels 30 are two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix (array) in the pixel array section 21.
- Vertical signal lines VSL which will be described later, are wired for each pixel column in this matrix-like pixel arrangement.
- Each of the plurality of pixels 30 generates an analog signal of a voltage according to the photocurrent as a pixel signal. Furthermore, each of the plurality of pixels 30 detects the presence or absence of an address event based on whether the amount of change in photocurrent exceeds a predetermined threshold. Then, when an address event occurs, the pixel 30 outputs a request to the arbiter section 23.
- the driving unit 22 drives each of the plurality of pixels 30 and outputs the pixel signal generated by each pixel 30 to the column processing unit 24.
- the arbiter unit 23 arbitrates requests from each of the plurality of pixels 30 and transmits a response to the pixel 30 based on the arbitration result.
- the pixel 30 that has received the response from the arbiter section 23 supplies a detection signal (address event detection signal) indicating the detection result to the drive section 22 and the signal processing section 25 .
- a detection signal address event detection signal
- the column processing section 24 is composed of, for example, an analog-to-digital converter, and performs processing for converting analog pixel signals output from the pixels 30 of that column into digital signals for each pixel column of the pixel array section 21.
- the column processing section 24 then supplies the digital signal after analog-to-digital conversion to the signal processing section 25.
- the signal processing unit 25 performs predetermined signal processing such as CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) processing and image recognition processing on the digital signal supplied from the column processing unit 24. Then, the signal processing section 25 supplies data indicating the processing result and the detection signal supplied from the arbiter section 23 to the recording section 12 (see FIG. 1) via the signal line 14.
- predetermined signal processing such as CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) processing and image recognition processing
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel array section 21. As shown in FIG.
- each of the plurality of pixels 30 has a light receiving section 31, a pixel signal generating section 32, and an address event detecting section 33. ing.
- the light receiving section 31 photoelectrically converts incident light to generate a photocurrent. Then, the light receiving section 31 supplies the photocurrent generated by photoelectric conversion to either the pixel signal generating section 32 or the address event detecting section 33 under the control of the driving section 22 (see FIG. 2).
- the pixel signal generating section 32 generates a voltage signal corresponding to the photocurrent supplied from the light receiving section 31 as a pixel signal SIG, and sends the generated pixel signal SIG to the column processing section 24 (see FIG. (see 2).
- the address event detection unit 33 detects the presence or absence of an address event based on whether the amount of change in photocurrent from each of the light receiving units 31 exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the address event includes, for example, an on event indicating that the amount of change in photocurrent exceeds an upper threshold, and an off event indicating that the amount of change falls below a lower threshold.
- the address event detection signal includes, for example, one bit indicating the detection result of an on event and one bit indicating the detection result of an off event. Note that the address event detection section 33 may be configured to detect only on events.
- the address event detection section 33 When an address event occurs, the address event detection section 33 supplies a request to the arbiter section 23 (see FIG. 2) requesting transmission of an address event detection signal. Then, upon receiving a response to the request from the arbiter section 23, the address event detection section 33 supplies an address event detection signal to the drive section 22 and the signal processing section 25.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of the pixel 30.
- each of the plurality of pixels 30 includes a light receiving section 31, a pixel signal generating section 32, and an address event detecting section 33.
- the light receiving section 31 includes a light receiving element (photoelectric conversion element) 311, a transfer transistor 312, and an OFG (Over Flow Gate) transistor 313.
- a light receiving element photoelectric conversion element
- a transfer transistor 312 As the transfer transistor 312 and the OFG transistor 313, for example, an N-type MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor is used. Transfer transistor 312 and OFG transistor 313 are connected in series with each other.
- the light receiving element 311 is connected between the common connection node N1 of the transfer transistor 312 and the OFG transistor 313 and the ground, and photoelectrically converts the incident light to generate an amount of charge corresponding to the amount of the incident light. .
- a transfer signal TRG is supplied to the gate electrode of the transfer transistor 312 from the drive section 22 shown in FIG.
- the transfer transistor 312 supplies the charge photoelectrically converted by the light receiving element 311 to the pixel signal generation section 32 in response to the transfer signal TRG.
- a control signal OFG is supplied from the drive section 22 to the gate electrode of the OFG transistor 313.
- the OFG transistor 313 supplies the electrical signal generated by the light receiving element 311 to the address event detection section 33 in response to the control signal OFG.
- the electrical signal supplied to the address event detection section 33 is a photocurrent made of electric charge.
- the pixel signal generation section 32 has a configuration including a reset transistor 321, an amplification transistor 322, a selection transistor 323, and a floating diffusion layer 324.
- a reset transistor 321, an amplification transistor 322, a selection transistor 323, and a floating diffusion layer 324 As the reset transistor 321, the amplification transistor 322, and the selection transistor 323, for example, N-type MOS transistors are used.
- the pixel signal generation unit 32 is supplied with charge photoelectrically converted by the light receiving element 311 from the light receiving unit 31 by the transfer transistor 312. Charges supplied from the light receiving section 31 are accumulated in the floating diffusion layer 324.
- the floating diffusion layer 324 generates a voltage signal whose voltage value corresponds to the amount of accumulated charge. That is, the floating diffusion layer 324 converts charge into voltage.
- the reset transistor 321 is connected between the power supply line of the power supply voltage VDD and the floating diffusion layer 324.
- a reset signal RST is supplied from the drive unit 22 to the gate electrode of the reset transistor 321 .
- the reset transistor 321 initializes (resets) the amount of charge in the floating diffusion layer 324 in response to the reset signal RST.
- the amplification transistor 322 is connected in series with the selection transistor 323 between the power supply line of the power supply voltage VDD and the vertical signal line VSL.
- the amplification transistor 322 amplifies the voltage signal subjected to charge-voltage conversion in the floating diffusion layer 324.
- a selection signal SEL is supplied from the driving section 22 to the gate electrode of the selection transistor 323.
- the selection transistor 323 outputs the voltage signal amplified by the amplification transistor 322 as a pixel signal SIG to the column processing unit 24 (see FIG. 2) via the vertical signal line VSL.
- the OFG transistor 313 is driven to supply a photocurrent to the address event detection section 33.
- the driving section 22 When an address event is detected in a certain pixel 30, the driving section 22 turns off the OFG transistor 313 of that pixel 30 and stops supplying photocurrent to the address event detection section 33. Next, the driving unit 22 drives the transfer transistor 312 by supplying the transfer signal TRG to the transfer transistor 312, thereby transferring the charge photoelectrically converted by the light receiving element 311 to the floating diffusion layer 324.
- the imaging device 20 having the pixel array unit 21 in which the pixels 30 having the above configuration are two-dimensionally arranged outputs only the pixel signal of the pixel 30 in which an address event has been detected to the column processing unit 24.
- the power consumption of the imaging device 20 and the amount of image processing can be reduced compared to the case where pixel signals of all pixels are output regardless of the presence or absence of an address event.
- the configuration of the pixel 30 illustrated here is one example, and the configuration is not limited to this example.
- a pixel configuration that does not include the pixel signal generation section 32 may be used.
- the OFG transistor 313 may be omitted in the light receiving section 31, and the transfer transistor 312 may have the function of the OFG transistor 313.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a first configuration example of the address event detection section 33.
- the address event detection section 33 according to this configuration example has a current-voltage conversion section 331, a buffer 332, a subtracter 333, a quantizer 334, and a transfer section 335.
- the current-voltage conversion unit 331 converts the photocurrent from the light receiving unit 31 of the pixel 30 into a logarithmic voltage signal.
- the current-voltage converter 331 supplies the converted voltage signal to the buffer 332.
- the buffer 332 buffers the voltage signal supplied from the current-voltage converter 331 and supplies it to the subtracter 333 .
- a row drive signal is supplied to the subtracter 333 from the drive unit 22.
- Subtractor 333 reduces the level of the voltage signal supplied from buffer 332 according to the row drive signal.
- the subtracter 333 then supplies the level-reduced voltage signal to the quantizer 334.
- the quantizer 334 quantizes the voltage signal supplied from the subtracter 333 into a digital signal and outputs it to the transfer unit 335 as an address event detection signal.
- the transfer unit 335 transfers the address event detection signal supplied from the quantizer 334 to the arbiter unit 23 and the like.
- the transfer unit 335 supplies the arbiter unit 23 with a request for transmitting an address event detection signal when an address event is detected.
- the transfer unit 335 receives a response to the request from the arbiter unit 23, it supplies an address event detection signal to the drive unit 22 and the signal processing unit 25.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the current-voltage conversion section 331 in the address event detection section 33.
- the current-voltage converter 331 according to this example has a circuit configuration including an N-type transistor 3311, a P-type transistor 3312, and an N-type transistor 3313.
- MOS transistors are used as these transistors 3311 to 3313.
- the N-type transistor 3311 is connected between the power supply line of the power supply voltage VDD and the signal input line 3314.
- P-type transistor 3312 and N-type transistor 3313 are connected in series between the power supply line of power supply voltage VDD and the ground.
- the common connection node N2 of the P-type transistor 3312 and the N-type transistor 3313 is connected to the gate electrode of the N-type transistor 3311 and the input terminal of the buffer 332 shown in FIG.
- a predetermined bias voltage Vbias is applied to the gate electrode of the P-type transistor 3312.
- the P-type transistor 3312 supplies a constant current to the N-type transistor 3313.
- a photocurrent is input from the light receiving section 31 to the gate electrode of the N-type transistor 3313 through a signal input line 3314.
- the drain electrodes of the N-type transistor 3311 and the N-type transistor 3313 are connected to the power supply side, and such a circuit is called a source follower. These two source followers connected in a loop convert the photocurrent from the light receiving section 31 into a logarithmic voltage signal.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the subtracter 333 and the quantizer 334 in the address event detection section 33.
- the subtracter 333 has a configuration including a capacitive element 3331, an inverter circuit 3332, a capacitive element 3333, and a switch element 3334.
- Capacitive element 3333 is connected in parallel to inverter circuit 3332.
- Switch element 3334 is connected between both ends of capacitive element 3333.
- a row drive signal is supplied from the drive section 22 to the switch element 3334 as its opening/closing control signal.
- the switch element 3334 opens and closes a path connecting both ends of the capacitive element 3333 in accordance with the row drive signal.
- the inverter circuit 3332 inverts the polarity of the voltage signal input via the capacitive element 3331.
- the charge Q2 accumulated in the capacitive element 3333 is expressed by the following equation (3), where the capacitance value of the capacitive element 3333 is C2, and the output voltage is Vout.
- Q2 -C2 ⁇ Vout...(3)
- Equation (5) represents the subtraction operation of the voltage signal, and the gain of the subtraction result is C1/C2. Since it is usually desired to maximize the gain, it is preferable to design C1 large and C2 small. On the other hand, if C2 is too small, kTC noise may increase and noise characteristics may deteriorate, so the reduction in the capacity of C2 is limited to a range where noise can be tolerated. Furthermore, since the address event detection unit 33 including the subtracter 333 is mounted for each pixel 30, the capacitor 3331 and the capacitor 3333 have area limitations. Taking these into consideration, the capacitance values C1 and C2 of the capacitive elements 3331 and 3333 are determined.
- the quantizer 334 has a comparator 3341.
- the comparator 3341 has the output signal of the inverter circuit 3332, ie, the voltage signal from the subtracter 430, as a non-inverting (+) input, and a predetermined threshold voltage Vth as an inverting (-) input.
- the comparator 3341 compares the voltage signal from the subtracter 430 with a predetermined threshold voltage Vth, and outputs a signal indicating the comparison result to the transfer unit 335 as an address event detection signal.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a second configuration example of the address event detection section 33.
- the address event detection unit 33 includes a current-voltage conversion unit 331, a buffer 332, a subtracter 333, a quantizer 334, and a transfer unit 335, as well as a storage unit 336 and a transfer unit 335.
- the configuration includes a control section 337.
- the storage unit 336 is provided between the quantizer 334 and the transfer unit 335, and stores the output of the quantizer 334, that is, the comparison result of the comparator 3341, based on the sample signal supplied from the control unit 337. accumulate.
- the storage unit 336 may be a sampling circuit such as a switch, plastic, or capacitor, or may be a digital memory circuit such as a latch or a flip-flop.
- the control unit 337 supplies a predetermined threshold voltage Vth to the inverting (-) input terminal of the comparator 3341.
- the threshold voltage Vth supplied from the control unit 337 to the comparator 3341 may have different voltage values on a time-division basis.
- the control unit 337 controls the threshold voltage Vth1 corresponding to an on event indicating that the amount of change in photocurrent exceeds an upper threshold, and an off event indicating that the amount of change falls below a lower threshold.
- one comparator 3341 can detect multiple types of address events.
- the storage unit 336 stores a comparator using the threshold voltage Vth1 corresponding to the on-event during a period when the threshold voltage Vth2 corresponding to the off-event is supplied from the control unit 337 to the inverting (-) input terminal of the comparator 3341. 3341 comparison results may be accumulated.
- the storage unit 336 may be located inside the pixel 30 or outside the pixel 30. Further, the storage unit 336 is not an essential component of the address event detection unit 33. That is, the storage unit 336 may not be provided.
- Imaging device is an asynchronous imaging device that reads events using an asynchronous readout method.
- the event readout method is not limited to an asynchronous readout method, but may be a synchronous readout method.
- the imaging device to which the synchronous readout method is applied is a scanning imaging device, which is the same as a normal imaging device that captures images at a predetermined frame rate.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an imaging device according to a second configuration example, that is, a scan-type imaging device, which is used as the imaging device 20 in the imaging system 10 to which the technology according to the present disclosure is applied. .
- an imaging device 20 includes a pixel array section 21, a driving section 22, a signal processing section 25, a readout area selection section 27, and a signal generation section. 28.
- the pixel array section 21 includes a plurality of pixels 30.
- the plurality of pixels 30 output output signals in response to a selection signal from the readout area selection section 27.
- Each of the plurality of pixels 30 may be configured to include a quantizer within the pixel, as shown in FIG. 7, for example.
- the plurality of pixels 30 output output signals corresponding to the amount of change in light intensity.
- the plurality of pixels 30 may be two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix, as shown in FIG.
- the driving unit 22 drives each of the plurality of pixels 30 and outputs the pixel signal generated by each pixel 30 to the signal processing unit 25.
- the driving section 22 and the signal processing section 25 are circuit sections for acquiring gradation information. Therefore, when acquiring only event information, the driving section 22 and the signal processing section 25 may be omitted.
- the readout area selection section 27 selects a part of the plurality of pixels 30 included in the pixel array section 21. For example, the readout area selection unit 27 selects one or more of the rows included in the two-dimensional matrix structure corresponding to the pixel array unit 21. The readout area selection unit 27 sequentially selects one or more rows according to a preset cycle. Further, the readout area selection unit 27 may determine the selection area in response to a request from each pixel 30 of the pixel array unit 21.
- the signal generation unit 28 Based on the output signal of the pixel selected by the readout area selection unit 27, the signal generation unit 28 generates an event signal corresponding to the active pixel that detected an event among the selected pixels.
- An event is an event in which the intensity of light changes.
- An active pixel is a pixel in which the amount of change in light intensity corresponding to the output signal exceeds or falls below a preset threshold.
- the signal generation unit 28 compares the output signal of a pixel with a reference signal, detects an active pixel that outputs an output signal when it is larger or smaller than the reference signal, and generates an event signal corresponding to the active pixel. .
- the signal generation section 28 can be configured to include, for example, a column selection circuit that arbitrates signals that enter the signal generation section 28. Furthermore, the signal generation unit 28 may be configured to output not only information on active pixels that have detected an event, but also information on inactive pixels that have not detected an event.
- the signal generation unit 28 outputs address information and time stamp information (for example, (X, Y, T)) of the active pixel that detected the event through the output line 15.
- address information and time stamp information for example, (X, Y, T)
- the data output from the signal generation unit 28 may be not only address information and time stamp information, but also frame format information (for example, (0, 0, 1, 0, ...)). .
- FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the stacked chip structure of the imaging device 20. As shown in FIG.
- a stacked chip structure is a structure in which at least two chips, a first chip, a light receiving chip 201, and a second chip, a detection chip 202, are stacked. It becomes.
- each of the light receiving elements 311 is arranged on the light receiving chip 201, and all the elements other than the light receiving element 311 and the elements of other circuit parts of the pixel 30 are arranged on the detection chip. 202.
- the light-receiving chip 201 and the detection chip 202 are electrically connected via a connection portion such as a via (VIA), a Cu--Cu junction, or a bump.
- the light receiving element 311 is arranged on the light receiving chip 201, and elements other than the light receiving element 311 and elements of other circuit parts of the pixel 30 are arranged on the detection chip 202. It is not limited to.
- each element of the light receiving section 31 is arranged on the light receiving chip 201, and elements other than the light receiving section 31 and elements of other circuit parts of the pixel 30 are arranged on the detection chip 202. It can be configured to do this.
- each element of the light receiving section 31, the reset transistor 321, and the floating diffusion layer 324 of the pixel signal generating section 32 may be arranged in the light receiving chip 201, and the other elements may be arranged in the detection chip 202.
- a part of the elements constituting the address event detection section 33 can be arranged in the light receiving chip 201 together with each element of the light receiving section 31.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the column processing section 24 of the imaging device 20 according to the first configuration example.
- the column processing section 24 according to this example has a configuration including a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) 241 arranged for each pixel column of the pixel array section 21.
- ADCs analog-to-digital converters
- the analog-to-digital converters 241 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the pixel columns of the pixel array section 21 , the configuration is not limited to this example.
- the analog-to-digital converter 241 may be arranged in units of a plurality of pixel columns, and the analog-to-digital converter 241 may be used in a time-sharing manner among the plurality of pixel columns.
- the analog-to-digital converter 241 converts the analog pixel signal SIG supplied via the vertical signal line VSL into a digital signal having a larger number of bits than the address event detection signal described above. For example, if the address event detection signal is 2 bits, the pixel signal is converted to a digital signal of 3 bits or more (16 bits, etc.). The analog-to-digital converter 241 supplies the digital signal generated by analog-to-digital conversion to the signal processing section 25.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel 30 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the light receiving section 31 and the current-voltage converting section 331.
- the current-voltage converter 331 includes an amplifier circuit AMPC and a feedback circuit FC.
- the amplifier circuit AMPC is connected between an input node Nin and an output node Nout.
- the amplifier circuit AMPC amplifies a signal input via the input node Nin and outputs the amplified signal to the output node Nout.
- Amplification circuit AMPC includes a transistor MA1 and a current source 3315.
- Transistor MA1 is connected between the output node Nout and power supply voltage VSS (ground).
- the gate of transistor MA1 is electrically connected to input node Nin.
- Current source 3315 is connected between power supply voltage VDD and output node Nout.
- the feedback circuit FC is connected between the input node Nin and the output node Nout.
- Feedback circuit FC operates according to the voltage of output node Nout. By providing the feedback loop of the feedback circuit FC, the input signal at the input node Nin can be logarithmically transformed and output to the output node Nout.
- Feedback circuit FC includes a transistor ML1.
- Transistor ML1 is connected between input node Nin and power supply voltage VDD. The gate of transistor ML1 is electrically connected to output node Nout.
- Transistors ML1 and MA1 shown in FIG. 12 correspond to, for example, N-type transistors 3311 and 3313 shown in FIG. 6.
- Current source 3315 shown in FIG. 12 corresponds to, for example, P-type transistor 3312 shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 13 is a top view showing an example of the arrangement of the pixel 30 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 shows the arrangement of the pixel 30 structure shown in FIG. 12.
- the pixel 30 further includes an extraction electrode 315.
- the extraction electrode 315 is connected between the light receiving element 311 and the source of the transistor ML1. A photocurrent is extracted via the extraction electrode 315.
- the length of the gate electrode of the transistor ML1 in the channel length direction is, for example, approximately the same as the length of the gate electrode of the transistor MA1 in the channel length direction.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of transistors ML1 and MA1 according to the first embodiment.
- the upper part of FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the transistor MA1.
- the lower part of FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the transistor ML1.
- Transistors ML1 and MA1 are provided on the substrate surface S1 of the substrate S.
- the substrate S is, for example, a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon (Si) substrate. Further, the substrate S is, for example, a P-type silicon substrate.
- the transistor ML1 has a gate electrode 101a, a source layer 102a, a drain layer 103a, and a gate insulating film 104a.
- Transistor MA1 includes a gate electrode 101b, a source layer 102b, a drain layer 103b, and a gate insulating film 104b.
- the gate insulating film 104a of the transistor ML1 is thicker than the gate insulating film ab of the transistor MA1. Thereby, the subthreshold slope of transistor ML1 can be made higher than the subthreshold slope of transistor MA1. As a result, event detection sensitivity can be improved. Note that details of the subthreshold slope will be explained later with reference to FIG. 15.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the transfer characteristics of the transistors ML1 and MA1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the results of the simulation.
- the vertical axis of the graph shown in FIG. 15 represents the drain current (Id), and the horizontal axis represents the gate-source voltage (Vgs).
- the subthreshold slope is the change in voltage (Vgs) when the drain current (Id) increases by one order of magnitude in the IV curve shown in FIG.
- the subthreshold slope Ss-th is expressed by the following equation (6) using the capacitance Cd of the depletion layer, the capacitance Cox of the gate insulating film (gate oxide film), and the thermal voltage kT/q. .
- the subthreshold slope of transistor ML1 is larger than the subthreshold slope of transistor MA1.
- the subthreshold slope of transistor ML1 is, for example, about 100 mV/decade or more.
- the subthreshold slope of transistor MA1 is, for example, about 60 to about 100 mV/decade.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between detection sensitivity and light amount in the pixel 30 according to the first embodiment.
- the vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 16 indicates detection sensitivity (logarithmic sensitivity), and the horizontal axis indicates light amount. Further, FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the slope of the IV curve in FIG. 15.
- the subthreshold slope of the transistor TL1 is, for example, 10 mV/decae or more.
- the subthreshold slope of the transistor TL1 is approximately the same as that of the transistor TA1 (about 60 to about 100 mV/decade).
- the detection sensitivity in the first embodiment is higher than the detection sensitivity in the comparative example.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film of the transistor ML1 is, for example, 5 nm or more.
- the threshold slope of transistor ML1 is, for example, 100 mV/decade or more.
- FIGS. 17A to 17H are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing transistors ML1 and MA1 according to the first embodiment.
- the left side of FIGS. 17A to 17H shows a method for manufacturing the transistor ML1, and the right side shows a method for manufacturing the transistor MA1.
- a sacrificial oxide film 111 is formed on the substrate S. Thereafter, channel impurities are introduced into the substrate S by ion implantation, and the wafer is heat-treated to activate the impurities. As a result, a channel impurity layer (channel impurity implantation region) 112 is formed.
- the channel impurity is, for example, a P-type impurity such as boron.
- the sacrificial oxide film 111 is removed and an insulating film 113 is formed on the channel impurity layer 112.
- the insulating film 113 is a relatively thick oxide film.
- a resist 114 is formed in a region Ar on the insulating film 113.
- the region Ar corresponds to the gate electrode region of the transistor ML1 shown in FIG. 13.
- the insulating film 113 is removed using the resist 114 as a mask.
- the insulating film 113 is removed by, for example, solution etching.
- the resist 114 is removed. After that, an insulating film 115 is formed.
- the insulating film 115 is an oxide film thinner than the insulating film 113. Note that the insulating film 113 is also thickened by the process shown in FIG. 17E.
- Conductive layer 116 is, for example, a polysilicon layer.
- the conductive layer 116 is processed. As a result, gate electrodes 101a and 101b of transistors ML1 and MA1 shown in FIG. 14 are formed. Further, the insulating film 113 corresponds to the gate insulating film 104a of the transistor ML1. The insulating film 115 corresponds to the gate insulating film 104b of the transistor MA1.
- LDD Lightly-Doped Drain
- conductive layer 116 gate electrode
- sidewall insulating films 117 are formed on both sides of the conductive layer 116.
- source impurities and drain impurities are introduced into the substrate S by ion implantation.
- the source impurity and the drain impurity are, for example, N-type impurities such as phosphorus.
- heat treatment is performed to activate impurities, and the LDD layer 118, source layers 102a and 102b, and drain layers 103a and 103b are formed.
- the gate insulating film 104a of the transistor TL1 is thicker than the gate insulating film 104b of the transistor TA1. Thereby, the subthreshold slope of the transistor TL1 can be increased, and the event detection sensitivity can be improved.
- the current-voltage converter 331 is provided with two transistors.
- event detection sensitivity can be improved by increasing the number of transistors.
- the exclusive area increases, making miniaturization difficult.
- the first embodiment by adjusting the thickness of the gate insulating film, it is possible to improve event detection sensitivity while suppressing an increase in the number of transistors.
- FIGS. 18A to 18H show a method for manufacturing the transistor ML1
- the right side shows a method for manufacturing the transistor MA1.
- the modification of the first embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the method of forming the gate insulating film 104a of the transistor ML1.
- a sacrificial oxide film 111 is formed on the substrate S. Thereafter, channel impurities are introduced into the substrate S by ion implantation, and the wafer is heat-treated to activate the impurities. As a result, a channel impurity layer (channel impurity implantation region) 112 is formed.
- the channel impurity is, for example, a P-type impurity such as boron.
- the sacrificial oxide film 111 is removed and an insulating film 121 is formed on the channel impurity layer 112.
- the insulating film 121 is a relatively thin oxide film.
- a material layer 122 is formed on the insulating film 121.
- the material layer 122 is, for example, a silicon nitride (SiN) layer.
- the region Ar corresponds to the gate electrode region of the transistor ML1 shown in FIG. 13.
- the insulating film 123 is an oxide film that is thicker than the insulating film 121.
- the material layer 122 is removed.
- Conductive layer 116 is, for example, a polysilicon layer.
- the conductive layer 116 is processed.
- gate electrodes 101a and 101b of transistors ML1 and MA1 shown in FIG. 14 are formed.
- the insulating film 123 corresponds to the gate insulating film 104a of the transistor ML1.
- the insulating film 121 corresponds to the gate insulating film 104b of the transistor MA1. Therefore, the insulating film 123, which is the gate insulating film 104a of the transistor ML1, is formed by LOCOS oxidation processing.
- an LDD layer 118, source layers 102a and 102b, and drain layers 103a and 103b are formed. Note that the process shown in FIG. 18I is the same as the process shown in FIG. 17H.
- the end of the insulating film 123 on the substrate S side is located closer to the substrate than the end of the insulating film 121 on the substrate S side. This is because the insulating film 123 is formed so as to sink into the substrate S by the LOCOS oxidation process.
- the method for forming the gate insulating film 104a of the transistor ML1 may be changed. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel 30 and the signal processing section 25 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 19 corresponds to part of FIGS. 5 and 7.
- the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the pixel 30 is arranged separately on a plurality of substrates.
- the imaging device 20 further includes a first semiconductor chip CH1 and a second semiconductor chip CH2.
- the first semiconductor chip CH1 and the second semiconductor chip CH2 are electrically connected to each other using, for example, wiring coupling (Cu-Cu coupling) CCC.
- the first semiconductor chip CH1 corresponds to the light receiving chip 201 shown in FIG. 10, for example.
- the second semiconductor chip CH2 corresponds to the detection chip 202 shown in FIG. 10, for example.
- the light receiving element 311 and the transistors ML1 and MA1 are arranged in the first semiconductor chip CH1.
- the current source 3315 and the circuits subsequent to the buffer 332 are arranged in the second semiconductor chip CH2.
- the subsequent circuit shown in FIG. 19 includes, for example, a buffer 332, a comparator 3341, a signal processing section 25, and the like. Note that the arrangement of the configurations of the pixels 30 between the first semiconductor chip CH1 and the second semiconductor chip CH2 is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 19.
- the buffer 332 also functions as a buffer amplifier (signal amplification section). That is, buffer 332 amplifies the voltage signal.
- a comparator (comparison unit) 3341 compares the voltage of the voltage signal amplified by the buffer 332 and a predetermined voltage. As described above, the comparator 3341 outputs a signal indicating the comparison result as an address event detection signal.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film of transistor ML1 is assumed to be thickness Tox1.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film of transistor MA1 is assumed to be thickness Tox2.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film of the transistor constituting the subsequent circuit is defined as a thickness Tox0.
- the gate insulating film of the transistor ML1 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit (Tox1>Tox0). Generally, it is preferable that the gate insulating film of a transistor in a subsequent circuit is thin in order to increase speed and reduce power consumption. On the other hand, the gate insulating film of the transistor ML1 is preferably thick in order to improve event detection sensitivity.
- the subthreshold slope of the transistor ML1 can be made higher than the subthreshold slope of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit. As a result, event detection sensitivity can be improved.
- the configuration of the pixel 30 may be divided and arranged on a plurality of substrates. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the thickness Tox1 of the gate insulating film of the transistor ML1 may be thicker than the thickness Tox2 of the gate insulating film of the transistor MA1 as in the first embodiment (Tox1>Tox2), but it is approximately equal to the thickness Tx2. They may be the same (Tox1 ⁇ Tox2>Tox0). That is, the gate insulating film of the transistor MA1 may also be thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit. In this case, the transistors ML1 and MA1 can be manufactured in the same process, and an increase in the number of processes can be suppressed.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel 30 according to the third embodiment.
- the third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the pixel signal generating section 32 and the transistors TG0 and TG1 of the light receiving section 31 shown in FIG. 4 are provided.
- the pixel 30 further includes a pixel signal generation section 32.
- the light receiving section 31 further includes transistors TG0 and TG1.
- transistors TG0 and TG1 each correspond to, for example, the transfer transistor 312 and OFG transistor 313 shown in FIG. 4.
- the transistor TG0 is connected between the light receiving element 311 and the floating diffusion layer 324 of the pixel signal generating section 32.
- the transistor TG0 transfers the charge generated by the light receiving element 311 to the floating diffusion layer (charge storage section) 324.
- the transistor TG1 is connected between the light receiving element 311 and the input node Nin of the current-voltage converter 331. Transistor TG1 transfers the charge generated by light receiving element 311 to input node Nin.
- the transistor TG0 When an event is detected, the transistor TG0 is turned off and the transistor TG1 is turned on. As a result, event detection is performed using the photocurrent generated in the light receiving element 311.
- transistors TG0 and TG1 are turned off, and after a predetermined accumulation time has elapsed, transistor TG0 is turned on. Thereby, signal charges accumulated in the light receiving element 311 can be transferred to the floating diffusion layer 324.
- each of the transistors RST, AMP, and SEL corresponds to, for example, the reset transistor 321, the amplification transistor 322, and the selection transistor 323 shown in FIG. 6.
- the thicknesses of the gate insulating films of the transistors ML1 and MA1 are Tox1 and Tox2, respectively.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit is the thickness Tox0.
- the thicknesses of the gate insulating films of the transistors AMP, SEL, RST, TG0, and TG1 are assumed to be Tox3, Tox4, Tox5, Tox6, and Tox7.
- the gate insulating film of transistor ML1 is thicker than the gate insulating films of transistors TG0 and TG1.
- the current gain can be improved by making the gate insulating films of the transistors MA1 and AMP relatively thin.
- FIG. 21 is a top view showing an example of the arrangement of the pixel 30 according to the third embodiment.
- the light-receiving element 311 is connected to the pixel signal generation section 32 and the current-voltage conversion section 331 (address event detection section 33) via transistors TG0 and TG1, respectively.
- the pixel signal generating section 32 and the transistors TG0 and TG1 of the light receiving section 31 may be provided. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of transistors ML1 and MA1 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the channel length of the transistor ML1 is different from that in the first embodiment.
- the channel length of transistor ML1 is shorter than the channel length of transistor MA1. More specifically, the length of the gate electrode 101a of the transistor ML1 in the channel length direction is shorter than the length of the gate electrode 101b of the transistor MA1 in the channel length direction. Thereby, the effective gate length L of the transistor ML1 can be shortened. As a result, the subthreshold slope of transistor ML1 can be increased due to the short channel effect, and event detection sensitivity can be improved.
- the configuration of the transistor ML1 may be determined based on, for example, the following equation (9), which is the Brews equation, so as to obtain a short channel effect.
- Lmin 0.4 ⁇ rj ⁇ d ⁇ (Ws+Wd) 2 ⁇ 1/3 ...(9)
- Lmin indicates the minimum channel length.
- rj indicates the depth of the source-drain impurity region junction.
- d indicates the thickness of the gate insulating film in terms of silicon oxide film.
- Ws indicates the length of the depletion layer extending from the source end.
- Wd indicates the length of the depletion layer extending from the drain end.
- FIG. 23 is a top view showing an example of the arrangement of the pixel 30 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the gate electrode 101a of the transistor ML1 is smaller than the gate electrode 101b of the transistor MA1.
- the relationship in channel length may be changed between the transistor MA1 and the transistor ML1. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of transistors ML1 and MA1 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the channel length of the transistor ML1 is different from that in the first embodiment.
- the transistor ML1 has a drain extension (drain extension region) 103c in contact with the drain layer 103a.
- the impurity concentration of the drain extension 103c is lower than the impurity concentration of the drain layer 103a.
- the drain extension 103c extends below the gate electrode 101a (on the substrate S side) toward the opposing source layer 102a.
- the effective gate length L of the transistor ML1 can be shortened by the drain extension 103c. As a result, the subthreshold slope of transistor ML1 can be increased due to the short channel effect, and event detection sensitivity can be improved.
- FIG. 25 is a top view showing an example of the arrangement of the pixel 30 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the drain extension 103c extends from the drain layer 103a. Further, the drain extension 103c is arranged so as to overlap the gate electrode 101a of the transistor ML1 when viewed from a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface (substrate surface S1) on which the transistor ML1 is provided.
- the gate electrode 101a of the transistor ML1 may have approximately the same size as the gate electrode 101b of the transistor MA1.
- FIGS. 26A to 26H are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing transistors ML1 and MA1 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the left side of FIGS. 26A to 26H shows a method for manufacturing the transistor ML1, and the right side shows a method for manufacturing the transistor MA1.
- a sacrificial oxide film 111 is formed on the substrate S. Thereafter, channel impurities are introduced into the substrate S by ion implantation, drain impurities are introduced into the substrate S by ion implantation, and the wafer is heat-treated to activate the impurities. As a result, a channel impurity layer (channel impurity implantation region) 112 and a drain extension 103c are formed.
- the channel impurity is, for example, a P-type impurity such as boron.
- the drain impurity is, for example, an N-type impurity such as phosphorus.
- FIGS. 26B to 26H steps similar to those in FIGS. 17B to 17H described in the first embodiment are performed.
- the drain extension 103c is formed before the insulating film 113 is formed.
- the drain impurity can be implanted with low energy, and the drain extension 103c can be formed relatively shallowly.
- the drain extension 103c may be formed after the insulating film 113 is formed. Since the heat treatment time after the drain impurity ion implantation is short, the impurity diffuses less after the ion implantation, and the drain extension 103c may be formed relatively shallowly. By forming the drain extension 103c shallowly, variations in threshold voltage due to short channel effects can be suppressed.
- the relationship in channel length may be changed between the transistor MA1 and the transistor ML1. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- FIGS. 27A to 27I are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing transistors ML1 and MA1 according to a modification of the fifth embodiment.
- the left side of FIGS. 27A to 27I shows a method for manufacturing transistor ML1, and the right side shows a method for manufacturing transistor MA1.
- the modification of the fifth embodiment differs from the fifth embodiment in the method of forming the gate insulating film 101a of the transistor ML1.
- the modification of the fifth embodiment is a combination of the fifth embodiment and the modification of the first embodiment.
- a sacrificial oxide film 111 is formed on the substrate S. Thereafter, channel impurities are introduced into the substrate S by ion implantation, drain impurities are introduced into the substrate S by ion implantation, and the wafer is heat-treated to activate the impurities. As a result, a channel impurity layer (channel impurity implantation region) 112 and a drain extension 103c are formed.
- the channel impurity is, for example, a P-type impurity such as boron.
- the drain impurity is, for example, an N-type impurity such as phosphorus.
- FIGS. 27B to 27I steps similar to those in FIGS. 18B to 18I described in the modification of the first embodiment are performed.
- the drain extension 103c is formed before the insulating film 123 is formed.
- the drain extension 103c may be formed after the insulating film 123 is formed.
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of transistors ML1 and MA1 according to the sixth embodiment.
- the sixth embodiment differs from the fifth embodiment in that an extension (extension region) is provided in the source layer of the transistor ML1 instead of the drain layer.
- the transistor ML1 has a source extension (source extension region) 102c in contact with the source layer 102a.
- the impurity concentration of the source extension 102c is lower than the impurity concentration of the source layer 102a.
- the source extension 102c extends below the gate electrode 101a (on the substrate S side) toward the opposing drain layer 103a.
- the source extension 102c allows the effective gate length L of the transistor ML1 to be shortened. As a result, the subthreshold slope of transistor ML1 can be increased due to the short channel effect, and event detection sensitivity can be improved.
- FIG. 29 is a top view showing an example of the arrangement of the pixel 30 according to the sixth embodiment.
- the source extension 102c extends from the source layer 102a. Further, the source extension 102c is arranged so as to overlap the gate electrode 101a of the transistor ML1 when viewed from a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface (substrate surface S1) on which the transistor ML1 is provided.
- the gate electrode 101a of the transistor ML1 may have approximately the same size as the gate electrode 101b of the transistor MA1.
- an extension may be provided in the source layer of the transistor ML1 instead of the drain layer. Also in this case, the same effects as in the fifth embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 30 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel 30 according to the seventh embodiment.
- the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331 is different from the first embodiment.
- the feedback circuit FC further includes a transistor MB1.
- Transistor MB1 is connected between input node Nin and transistor ML1.
- Transistor MB1 is, for example, an N-type transistor.
- Transistor MB1 is diode-connected.
- the transistor MB1 amplifies the voltage at the node between the transistor ML1 and the transistor MB1 and outputs it to the input node Nin.
- event detection sensitivity can be improved.
- At least one gate insulating film of the transistors ML1 and MB1 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor MA1.
- the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331 may be different. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the seventh embodiment may be combined with the second embodiment.
- the gate insulating film of at least one of the transistors ML1 and MB1 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit.
- the gate insulating film of the transistor MA1 may also be thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit.
- FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel 30 according to the eighth embodiment.
- the eighth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331.
- the feedback circuit FC further includes a transistor MB2 compared to the seventh embodiment.
- Transistor MB2 is connected between input node Nin and transistor MB1.
- Transistor MB1 is, for example, an N-type transistor.
- Transistor MB1 is diode-connected.
- transistors MB1 and MB2 amplify the voltage at the node between transistor ML1 and transistor MB1 and output the amplified voltage to input node Nin.
- event detection sensitivity can be improved.
- a plurality of transistors may be connected between the input node Nin and the transistor ML1.
- At least one gate insulating film of the transistors ML1, MB1, and MB2 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor MA1.
- the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331 may be different. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the second embodiment may be combined with the eighth embodiment.
- the gate insulating film of at least one of the transistors ML1, MB1, and MB2 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit.
- the gate insulating film of the transistor MA1 may also be thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit.
- FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel 30 according to the ninth embodiment.
- the ninth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331.
- the feedback circuit FC further includes a transistor ML2.
- Amplification circuit AMPC further includes a transistor MA2.
- Transistor ML2 is connected between input node Nin and transistor ML1.
- Transistor ML2 is, for example, an N-type transistor.
- the gate of transistor ML2 is connected to a node between transistor MA1 and transistor MA2.
- Transistor MA2 is connected between the output node Nout and transistor MA1.
- Transistor MA2 is, for example, an N-type transistor.
- the gate of transistor MA2 is connected to a node between transistor ML1 and transistor ML2.
- Transistors ML1 and MA2 constitute one logarithmic conversion circuit (logarithmic conversion section), and transistors ML2 and MA1 constitute one logarithmic conversion circuit.
- the transistor ML2 amplifies the voltage at the node between the transistor ML1 and the transistor ML2 and outputs it to the input node Nin.
- event detection sensitivity can be improved.
- At least one gate insulating film of the transistors ML1 and ML2 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistors MA1 and MA2.
- the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331 may be changed. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the second embodiment may be combined with the ninth embodiment.
- the gate insulating film of at least one of the transistors ML1 and ML2 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit.
- the gate insulating films of the transistors MA1 and MA2 may also be thicker than the gate insulating films of transistors included in the subsequent circuit.
- FIG. 33 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel 30 according to the tenth embodiment.
- the eighth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331.
- the feedback circuit FC further includes a transistor ML3 compared to the ninth embodiment.
- the amplifier circuit AMPC further includes a transistor MA3 compared to the ninth embodiment.
- Transistor ML3 is connected between input node Nin and transistor ML2.
- Transistor ML3 is, for example, an N-type transistor. The gate of transistor ML3 is connected to a node between transistor MA1 and transistor MA2.
- transistor ML2 is connected to a node between transistor MA2 and transistor MA3.
- Transistor MA3 is connected between output node Nout and transistor MA2.
- Transistor MA3 is, for example, an N-type transistor.
- the gate of transistor MA3 is connected to a node between transistor ML1 and transistor ML2.
- transistor MA2 is connected to a node between transistor ML2 and transistor ML3.
- a plurality of transistors may be connected between the input node Nin and the transistor ML1.
- a plurality of transistors may be connected between the output node Nout and the transistor MA1.
- Transistors ML1 and MA3 constitute one logarithmic conversion circuit (logarithmic conversion section), transistors ML2 and MA2 constitute one logarithmic conversion circuit, and transistors ML3 and MA1 constitute one logarithmic conversion circuit.
- transistors ML2 and ML3 amplify the voltage at the node between transistor ML1 and transistor ML2, and output the amplified voltage to input node Nin.
- transistors ML2, ML3, MA2, and MA3 event detection sensitivity can be improved.
- At least one gate insulating film of transistors ML1, ML2, and ML3 is thicker than the gate insulating films of transistors MA1, MA2, and MA3.
- the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331 may be different. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the second embodiment may be combined with the tenth embodiment.
- the gate insulating film of at least one of the transistors ML1, ML2, and ML3 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit.
- the gate insulating films of the transistors MA1, MA2, and MA3 may also be thicker than the gate insulating films of transistors included in the subsequent circuit.
- FIG. 34 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel 30 according to the eleventh embodiment.
- the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331 is different from the first embodiment.
- the current-voltage converter 331 further includes a buffer BF.
- Buffer BF is connected between input node Nin and amplification node Namp.
- Buffer BF includes a transistor MBF and a current source 3316.
- Transistor MBF is connected between power supply voltage VDD and amplification node Namp.
- the gate of transistor MBF is connected to input node Nin.
- Transistor MBF is, for example, an N-type transistor.
- a current source 3316 is connected between the amplification node Namp and ground. Current source 3316 supplies a bias current to transistor MBF.
- the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331 may be different. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the second embodiment may be combined with the eleventh embodiment.
- the gate insulating film of the transistor ML1 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit.
- the gate insulating films of the transistors MA1 and MBF may also be thicker than the gate insulating films of transistors included in the subsequent circuit.
- FIG. 35 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel 30 according to the twelfth embodiment.
- the twelfth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331.
- the feedback circuit FC in the twelfth embodiment is further provided with a transistor MB1 compared to the eleventh embodiment. Therefore, the twelfth embodiment is a combination of the eleventh embodiment and the seventh embodiment.
- At least one gate insulating film of the transistors ML1 and MB1 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor MA1.
- the configuration of the current-voltage converter 331 may be different. Also in this case, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the second embodiment may be combined with the twelfth embodiment.
- At least one gate insulating film of the transistors ML1 and MB1 is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the subsequent circuit.
- the gate insulating films of the transistors MA1 and MBF may also be thicker than the gate insulating films of transistors included in the subsequent circuit.
- FIG. 36 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a camera 2000 as an electronic device to which the present technology is applied.
- the camera 2000 includes an optical section 2001 including a lens group, an imaging device 2002 to which the above-described imaging system 10 (hereinafter referred to as the imaging system 10, etc.) is applied, and a DSP (DSP) that is a camera signal processing circuit.
- a Digital Signal Processor) circuit 2003 is provided.
- the camera 2000 also includes a frame memory 2004, a display section 2005, a recording section 2006, an operation section 2007, and a power supply section 2008.
- the DSP circuit 2003, frame memory 2004, display section 2005, recording section 2006, operation section 2007, and power supply section 2008 are interconnected via a bus line 2009.
- the optical section 2001 takes in incident light (image light) from a subject and forms an image on the imaging surface of the imaging device 2002.
- the imaging device 2002 converts the amount of incident light that is imaged on the imaging surface by the optical section 2001 into an electrical signal for each pixel, and outputs the electric signal as a pixel signal.
- the display unit 2005 is composed of a panel display device such as a liquid crystal panel or an organic EL panel, and displays moving images or still images captured by the imaging device 2002.
- a recording unit 2006 records a moving image or a still image captured by the imaging device 2002 on a recording medium such as a hard disk or a semiconductor memory.
- the operation unit 2007 issues operation commands regarding various functions of the camera 2000 under operation by the user.
- a power supply unit 2008 appropriately supplies various power supplies that serve as operating power for the DSP circuit 2003, frame memory 2004, display unit 2005, recording unit 2006, and operation unit 2007 to these supply targets.
- the technology according to the present disclosure (this technology) can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure may be realized as a device mounted on any type of moving body such as a car, electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, motorcycle, bicycle, personal mobility, airplane, drone, ship, robot, etc. It's okay.
- FIG. 37 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile body control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via a communication network 12001.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a drive system control unit 12010, a body system control unit 12020, an outside vehicle information detection unit 12030, an inside vehicle information detection unit 12040, and an integrated control unit 12050.
- a microcomputer 12051, an audio/image output section 12052, and an in-vehicle network I/F (Interface) 12053 are illustrated as the functional configuration of the integrated control unit 12050.
- the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of devices related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the drive system control unit 12010 includes a drive force generation device such as an internal combustion engine or a drive motor that generates drive force for the vehicle, a drive force transmission mechanism that transmits the drive force to wheels, and a drive force transmission mechanism that controls the steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device for a steering mechanism to adjust and a braking device to generate braking force for the vehicle.
- the body system control unit 12020 controls the operations of various devices installed in the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 12020 functions as a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or a control device for various lamps such as a headlamp, a back lamp, a brake lamp, a turn signal, or a fog lamp.
- radio waves transmitted from a portable device that replaces a key or signals from various switches may be input to the body control unit 12020.
- the body system control unit 12020 receives input of these radio waves or signals, and controls the door lock device, power window device, lamp, etc. of the vehicle.
- the external information detection unit 12030 detects information external to the vehicle in which the vehicle control system 12000 is mounted.
- an imaging section 12031 is connected to the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 causes the imaging unit 12031 to capture an image of the exterior of the vehicle, and receives the captured image.
- the external information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing such as a person, car, obstacle, sign, or text on the road surface or distance detection processing based on the received image.
- the imaging unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electrical signal according to the amount of received light.
- the imaging unit 12031 can output the electrical signal as an image or as distance measurement information.
- the light received by the imaging unit 12031 may be visible light or non-visible light such as infrared rays.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects in-vehicle information.
- a driver condition detection section 12041 that detects the condition of the driver is connected to the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040.
- the driver condition detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that images the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver condition detection unit 12041. It may be calculated, or it may be determined whether the driver is falling asleep.
- the microcomputer 12051 calculates control target values for the driving force generation device, steering mechanism, or braking device based on the information inside and outside the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, Control commands can be output to 12010.
- the microcomputer 12051 realizes ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) functions, including vehicle collision avoidance or impact mitigation, following distance based on vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane departure warning, etc. It is possible to perform cooperative control for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) functions, including vehicle collision avoidance or impact mitigation, following distance based on vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane departure warning, etc. It is possible to perform cooperative control for the purpose of
- ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance System
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the driving force generating device, steering mechanism, braking device, etc. based on information about the surroundings of the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040. It is possible to perform cooperative control for the purpose of autonomous driving, etc., which does not rely on operation.
- the microcomputer 12051 can output a control command to the body system control unit 12030 based on the information outside the vehicle acquired by the outside information detection unit 12030.
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the headlamps according to the position of the preceding vehicle or oncoming vehicle detected by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030, and performs cooperative control for the purpose of preventing glare, such as switching from high beam to low beam. It can be carried out.
- the audio and image output unit 12052 transmits an output signal of at least one of audio and images to an output device that can visually or audibly notify information to the occupants of the vehicle or to the outside of the vehicle.
- an audio speaker 12061, a display section 12062, and an instrument panel 12063 are illustrated as output devices.
- the display unit 12062 may include, for example, at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram showing an example of the installation position of the imaging section 12031.
- the imaging unit 12031 includes imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105.
- the imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 are provided at, for example, the front nose of the vehicle 12100, the side mirrors, the rear bumper, the back door, and the upper part of the windshield inside the vehicle.
- An imaging unit 12101 provided in the front nose and an imaging unit 12105 provided above the windshield inside the vehicle mainly acquire images in front of the vehicle 12100.
- Imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors mainly capture images of the sides of the vehicle 12100.
- An imaging unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or back door mainly captures images of the rear of the vehicle 12100.
- the imaging unit 12105 provided above the windshield inside the vehicle is mainly used to detect preceding vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, traffic lights, traffic signs, lanes, and the like.
- FIG. 38 shows an example of the imaging range of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- An imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided on the front nose
- imaging ranges 12112 and 12113 indicate imaging ranges of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided on the side mirrors, respectively
- an imaging range 12114 shows the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided on the front nose.
- the imaging range of the imaging unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or back door is shown. For example, by overlapping the image data captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104, an overhead image of the vehicle 12100 viewed from above can be obtained.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
- at least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera including a plurality of image sensors, or may be an image sensor having pixels for phase difference detection.
- the microcomputer 12051 determines the distance to each three-dimensional object within the imaging ranges 12111 to 12114 and the temporal change in this distance (relative speed with respect to the vehicle 12100) based on the distance information obtained from the imaging units 12101 to 12104. By determining the following, it is possible to extract, in particular, the closest three-dimensional object on the path of vehicle 12100, which is traveling at a predetermined speed (for example, 0 km/h or more) in approximately the same direction as vehicle 12100, as the preceding vehicle. can. Furthermore, the microcomputer 12051 can set an inter-vehicle distance to be secured in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and perform automatic brake control (including follow-up stop control), automatic acceleration control (including follow-up start control), and the like. In this way, it is possible to perform cooperative control for the purpose of autonomous driving, etc., in which the vehicle travels autonomously without depending on the driver's operation.
- automatic brake control including follow-up stop control
- automatic acceleration control including follow-up start control
- the microcomputer 12051 transfers three-dimensional object data to other three-dimensional objects such as two-wheeled vehicles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, and utility poles based on the distance information obtained from the imaging units 12101 to 12104. It can be classified and extracted and used for automatic obstacle avoidance. For example, the microcomputer 12051 identifies obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into obstacles that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and obstacles that are difficult to see. Then, the microcomputer 12051 determines a collision risk indicating the degree of risk of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk exceeds a set value and there is a possibility of a collision, the microcomputer 12051 transmits information via the audio speaker 12061 and the display unit 12062. By outputting a warning to the driver and performing forced deceleration and avoidance steering via the drive system control unit 12010, driving support for collision avoidance can be provided.
- the microcomputer 12051 determines a collision risk indicating the degree of risk of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk exceeds a set value and there
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
- the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether the pedestrian is present in the images captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- pedestrian recognition involves, for example, a procedure for extracting feature points in images captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104 as infrared cameras, and a pattern matching process is performed on a series of feature points indicating the outline of an object to determine whether it is a pedestrian or not.
- the audio image output unit 12052 creates a rectangular outline for emphasis on the recognized pedestrian.
- the display unit 12062 is controlled to display the .
- the audio image output unit 12052 may also control the display unit 12062 to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to, for example, the imaging units 12031, 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, 12105, etc. among the configurations described above.
- the imaging system 10 of FIG. 1 can be applied to these imaging units.
- the present technology can have the following configuration.
- a light receiving section that generates a charge according to the amount of light received; a voltage conversion unit that acquires the charge generated in the light receiving unit via an input node, converts the charge into a voltage signal, and outputs the voltage signal from an output node; a signal amplification section that amplifies the voltage signal; a comparison unit that compares the voltage of the voltage signal amplified by the signal amplification unit and a predetermined voltage; Equipped with The voltage converter includes: an amplifier circuit connected between the input node and the output node; a feedback circuit connected between the input node and the output node; has A photodetecting element, wherein the gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistors included in the signal amplifying section and the comparing section.
- the photodetection element according to (1) wherein the subthreshold slope of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit is higher than the subthreshold slope of the transistors included in the signal amplification section and the comparison section.
- the amplification circuit includes: a second transistor connected between the output node and a first reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the input node; a current source connected between the output node and a second reference voltage node different from the first reference voltage node; has The photodetecting element according to (1) or (2), wherein the gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit is thicker than the gate insulating film of the second transistor.
- the amplification circuit includes: a second transistor connected between the output node and a first reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the input node; a current source connected between the output node and a second reference voltage node different from the first reference voltage node; has The photodetecting element according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the subthreshold slope of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit is higher than the subthreshold slope of the second transistor. (5) Any one of (1) to (4), wherein the feedback circuit includes a first transistor connected between the input node and a third reference voltage node, and whose gate is electrically connected to the output node.
- the photodetecting element according to item (1).
- the feedback circuit further includes a third transistor connected between the input node and the first transistor, The photodetecting element according to (5), wherein the third transistor amplifies a voltage at a node between the first transistor and the third transistor and outputs the amplified voltage to the input node.
- the amplification circuit includes: a second transistor connected between the output node and a first reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the input node; a current source connected between the output node and a second reference voltage node different from the first reference voltage node; has The photodetecting element according to (5) or (6), wherein the first transistor has a channel length shorter than the second transistor.
- the first transistor includes a source extension extending from the source layer toward the drain layer and having a lower impurity concentration than the source layer; and a source extension extending from the drain layer toward the source layer. and at least one drain extension having an impurity concentration lower than that of the drain layer,
- (10) further comprising a first transfer transistor connected between the light receiving section and the input node and transferring the charge generated in the light receiving section to the input node,
- the photodetecting element according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit is thicker than the gate insulating film of the first transfer transistor.
- (11) a charge storage section that stores charge; a second transfer transistor connected between the light receiving section and the charge accumulating section, and transferring the charge generated in the light receiving section to the charge accumulating section;
- the photodetecting element according to (10), wherein the gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit is thicker than the gate insulating film of the second transfer transistor.
- the amplification circuit includes: a second transistor connected between the output node and a first reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the input node; a current source connected between the output node and a second reference voltage node different from the first reference voltage node; has The photodetecting element according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein the gate insulating film of the second transistor is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistors included in the signal amplification section and the comparison section. (13) (1) A substrate-side end of the gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit is located closer to the substrate than a substrate-side end of the gate insulating film of the transistor included in the amplifier circuit. The photodetecting element according to any one of (12) to (12).
- the amplification circuit includes: a second transistor connected between the output node and a first reference voltage node, and having a gate electrically connected to the input node; a current source connected between the output node and a second reference voltage node different from the first reference voltage node; has a first semiconductor chip on which the light receiving section, the feedback circuit, and the second transistor are arranged; a second semiconductor chip stacked with the first semiconductor chip and on which the current source, the signal amplification section, and the comparison section are arranged;
- a light receiving section that generates a charge according to the amount of light received; a voltage conversion unit that acquires the charge generated in the light receiving unit via an input node, converts the charge into a voltage signal, and outputs the voltage signal from an output node; a signal amplification section that amplifies the voltage signal; a comparison unit that compares the voltage of the voltage signal amplified by the signal amplification unit and a predetermined voltage; Equipped with The voltage converter includes: an amplifier circuit connected between the input node and the output node; a feedback circuit connected between the input node and the output node; has In the method of manufacturing a photodetecting element, the gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit is thicker than the gate insulating film of the transistors included in the signal amplifying section and the comparing section, forming a gate insulating film of at least one transistor included in the feedback circuit using LOCOS (LOCal Oxidation of Silicon);
- LOCOS LOCOS
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Abstract
Description
受光量に応じた電荷を生成する受光部と、
入力ノードを介して前記受光部で生成された電荷を取得し、電荷を電圧信号に変換し、前記電圧信号を出力ノードから出力する電圧変換部と、
前記電圧信号を増幅する信号増幅部と、
前記信号増幅部により増幅された前記電圧信号の電圧と、所定電圧と、を比較する比較部と、
を備え、
前記電圧変換部は、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される増幅回路と、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される帰還回路と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、光検出素子が提供される。
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記第2トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚くてもよい。
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのサブスレッショルドスロープは、前記第2トランジスタのサブスレッショルドスロープよりも高くてもよい。
前記第3トランジスタは、前記第1トランジスタと前記第3トランジスタとの間のノードの電圧を増幅して前記入力ノードに出力してもよい。
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記第1トランジスタのチャネル長は、前記第2トランジスタのチャネル長よりも短くてもよい。
前記ソースエクステンション及び前記ドレインエクステンションは、前記第1トランジスタが設けられる基板面に略垂直な方向から見て、前記第1トランジスタのゲート電極と重なるように配置されてもよい。
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記第1転送トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚くてもよい。
前記受光部と、前記電荷蓄積部と、の間に接続され、前記受光部で生成された電荷を前記電荷蓄積部に転送する第2転送トランジスタと、
をさらに備え、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記第2転送トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚くてもよい。
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記第2トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚くてもよい。
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記受光部、前記帰還回路、及び、前記第2トランジスタが配置される第1半導体チップと、
前記第1半導体チップと積層され、前記電流源、前記信号増幅部、及び、前記比較部が配置される第2半導体チップと、
をさらに備えてもよい。
入力ノードを介して前記受光部で生成された電荷を取得し、電荷を電圧信号に変換し、前記電圧信号を出力ノードから出力する電圧変換部と、
前記電圧信号を増幅する信号増幅部と、
前記信号増幅部により増幅された前記電圧信号の電圧と、所定電圧と、を比較する比較部と、
を備え、
前記電圧変換部は、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される増幅回路と、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される帰還回路と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、光検出素子の製造方法であって、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜を、LOCOS(LOCal Oxidation of Silicon)により形成する、
ことを具備する、光検出素子の製造方法が提供される。
図2は、本開示に係る技術が適用される撮像システム10における撮像装置20として用いられる、第1構成例に係る撮像装置の構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
図3は、画素アレイ部21の構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
図4は、画素30の回路構成の一例を示す回路図である。上述したように、複数の画素30のそれぞれは、受光部31、画素信号生成部32、及び、アドレスイベント検出部33を有する構成となっている。
図5は、アドレスイベント検出部33の第1構成例を示すブロック図である。図5に示すように、本構成例に係るアドレスイベント検出部33は、電流電圧変換部331、バッファ332、減算器333、量子化器334、及び、転送部335を有する構成となっている。
図6は、アドレスイベント検出部33における電流電圧変換部331の構成の一例を示す回路図である。図6に示すように、本例に係る電流電圧変換部331は、N型トランジスタ3311、P型トランジスタ3312、及び、N型トランジスタ3313を有する回路構成となっている。これらのトランジスタ3311~3313としては、例えば、MOSトランジスタが用いられる。
図7は、アドレスイベント検出部33における減算器333及び量子化器334の構成の一例を示す回路図である。
Qinit=C1×Vinit ・・・(1)
Qafter=C1×Vafter ・・・(2)
Q2=-C2×Vout ・・・(3)
Qinit=Qafter+Q2 ・・・(4)
Vout=-(C1/C2)×(Vafter-Vinit) ・・・(5)
図8は、アドレスイベント検出部33の第2構成例を示すブロック図である。図8に示すように、本構成例に係るアドレスイベント検出部33は、電流電圧変換部331、バッファ332、減算器333、量子化器334、及び、転送部335の他に、記憶部336及び制御部337を有する構成となっている。
上述した第1構成例に係る撮像装置20は、非同期型の読出し方式にてイベントを読み出す非同期型の撮像装置である。但し、イベントの読出し方式としては、非同期型の読出し方式に限られるものではなく、同期型の読出し方式であってもよい。同期型の読出し方式が適用される撮像装置は、所定のフレームレートで撮像を行う通常の撮像装置と同じ、スキャン方式の撮像装置である。
上述した第1構成例又は第2構成例に係る撮像装置20のチップ(半導体集積回路)構造としては、例えば、積層型のチップ構造を採ることができる。図10は、撮像装置20の積層型のチップ構造の概略を示す分解斜視図である。
図11は、第1構成例に係る撮像装置20のカラム処理部24の構成の一例を示すブロック図である。図11に示すように、本例に係るカラム処理部24は、画素アレイ部21の画素列毎に配置された複数のアナログ-デジタル変換器(ADC)241を有する構成となっている。
[画素の回路構成例]
図12は、第1実施形態による画素30の構成の一例を示す回路図である。
図17A~図17Hは、第1実施形態によるトランジスタML1、MA1の製造方法の一例を示す断面図である。図17A~図17Hの左側は、トランジスタML1の製造方法を示し、右側は、トランジスタMA1の製造方法を示す。
図18A~図18Iは、第1実施形態の変形例によるトランジスタML1、MA1の製造方法の一例を示す断面図である。図18A~図18Hの左側は、トランジスタML1の製造方法を示し、右側は、トランジスタMA1の製造方法を示す。
図19は、第2実施形態による画素30及び信号処理部25の構成の一例を示す図である。図19は、図5及び図7の一部に対応する。
図20は、第3実施形態による画素30の構成の一例を示す回路図である。第3実施形態は、図4に示す画素信号生成部32、及び、受光部31のトランジスタTG0、TG1が設けられる点で、第1実施形態とは異なっている。
Tox1>Tox2≒Tox3≒Tox4≒Tox5≒Tox6≒Tox7 ・・・(7)
Tox1>Tox4≒Tox5≒Tox6≒Tox7>Tox2≒Tox3 ・・・(8)
図22は、第4実施形態によるトランジスタML1、MA1の構成の一例を示す断面図である。第4実施形態では、第1実施形態と比較して、トランジスタML1のチャネル長が異なっている。
Lmin=0.4×{rj×d×(Ws+Wd)2}1/3 ・・・(9)
図24は、第5実施形態によるトランジスタML1、MA1の構成の一例を示す断面図である。第5実施形態では、第1実施形態と比較して、トランジスタML1のチャネル長が異なっている。
図27A~図27Iは、第5実施形態の変形例によるトランジスタML1、MA1の製造方法の一例を示す断面図である。図27A~図27Iの左側は、トランジスタML1の製造方法を示し、右側は、トランジスタMA1の製造方法を示す。
図28は、第6実施形態によるトランジスタML1、MA1の構成の一例を示す断面図である。第6実施形態は、ドレイン層に代えて、トランジスタML1のソース層にエクステンション(拡張領域)が設けられる点で、第5実施形態とは異なっている。
図30は、第7実施形態による画素30の構成の一例を示す回路図である。第7実施形態では、第1実施形態と比較して、電流電圧変換部331の構成が異なっている。
図31は、第8実施形態による画素30の構成の一例を示す回路図である。第8実施形態では、第1実施形態と比較して、電流電圧変換部331の構成が異なっている。
図32は、第9実施形態による画素30の構成の一例を示す回路図である。第9実施形態では、第1実施形態と比較して、電流電圧変換部331の構成が異なっている。
図33は、第10実施形態による画素30の構成の一例を示す回路図である。第8実施形態では、第1実施形態と比較して、電流電圧変換部331の構成が異なっている。
図34は、第11実施形態による画素30の構成の一例を示す回路図である。第11実施形態では、第1実施形態と比較して、電流電圧変換部331の構成が異なっている。
図35は、第12実施形態による画素30の構成の一例を示す回路図である。第12実施形態では、第1実施形態と比較して、電流電圧変換部331の構成が異なっている。
図36は、本技術を適用した電子機器としてのカメラ2000の構成例を示すブロック図である。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、自動車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、自動二輪車、自転車、パーソナルモビリティ、飛行機、ドローン、船舶、ロボット等のいずれかの種類の移動体に搭載される装置として実現されてもよい。
(1)
受光量に応じた電荷を生成する受光部と、
入力ノードを介して前記受光部で生成された電荷を取得し、電荷を電圧信号に変換し、前記電圧信号を出力ノードから出力する電圧変換部と、
前記電圧信号を増幅する信号増幅部と、
前記信号増幅部により増幅された前記電圧信号の電圧と、所定電圧と、を比較する比較部と、
を備え、
前記電圧変換部は、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される増幅回路と、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される帰還回路と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、光検出素子。
(2)
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのサブスレッショルドスロープは、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのサブスレッショルドスロープよりも高い、(1)に記載の光検出素子。
(3)
前記増幅回路は、
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記第2トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、(1)又は(2)に記載の光検出素子。
(4)
前記増幅回路は、
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのサブスレッショルドスロープは、前記第2トランジスタのサブスレッショルドスロープよりも高い、(1)乃至(3)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出素子。
(5)
前記帰還回路は、前記入力ノードと、第3基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記出力ノードと電気的に接続される第1トランジスタを有する、(1)乃至(4)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出素子。
(6)
前記帰還回路は、前記入力ノードと、前記第1トランジスタと、の間に接続される第3トランジスタをさらに有し、
前記第3トランジスタは、前記第1トランジスタと前記第3トランジスタとの間のノードの電圧を増幅して前記入力ノードに出力する、(5)に記載の光検出素子。
(7)
前記増幅回路は、
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記第1トランジスタのチャネル長は、前記第2トランジスタのチャネル長よりも短い、(5)又は(6)に記載の光検出素子。
(8)
前記第1トランジスタのゲート電極のチャネル長方向の長さは、前記第2トランジスタのゲート電極のチャネル長方向の長さよりも短い、(7)に記載の光検出素子。
(9)
前記第1トランジスタは、ソース層からドレイン層に向かって延伸するように設けられ、前記ソース層より低い不純物濃度を有するソースエクステンション、及び、前記ドレイン層から前記ソース層に向かって延伸するように設けられ、前記ドレイン層より低い不純物濃度を有するドレインエクステンションの少なくとも一方を有し、
前記ソースエクステンション及び前記ドレインエクステンションは、前記第1トランジスタが設けられる基板面に略垂直な方向から見て、前記第1トランジスタのゲート電極と重なるように配置される、(7)に記載の光検出素子。
(10)
前記受光部と、前記入力ノードと、の間に接続され、前記受光部で生成された電荷を前記入力ノードに転送する第1転送トランジスタをさらに備え、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記第1転送トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、(1)乃至(9)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出素子。
(11)
電荷を蓄積する電荷蓄積部と、
前記受光部と、前記電荷蓄積部と、の間に接続され、前記受光部で生成された電荷を前記電荷蓄積部に転送する第2転送トランジスタと、
をさらに備え、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記第2転送トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、(10)に記載の光検出素子。
(12)
前記増幅回路は、
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記第2トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、(1)乃至(11)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出素子。
(13)
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜の基板側の端部は、前記増幅回路に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜の基板側の端部よりも基板側に位置する、(1)乃至(12)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出素子。
(14)
前記増幅回路は、
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記受光部、前記帰還回路、及び、前記第2トランジスタが配置される第1半導体チップと、
前記第1半導体チップと積層され、前記電流源、前記信号増幅部、及び、前記比較部が配置される第2半導体チップと、
をさらに備える、(1)乃至(13)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出素子。
(15)
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜の厚さは、5nm以上である、(1)乃至(14)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出素子。
(16)
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのスレッショルドスロープは、100mV/decade以上である、(1)乃至(15)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出素子。
(17)
(1)乃至(16)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出素子を備える電子機器。
(18)
受光量に応じた電荷を生成する受光部と、
入力ノードを介して前記受光部で生成された電荷を取得し、電荷を電圧信号に変換し、前記電圧信号を出力ノードから出力する電圧変換部と、
前記電圧信号を増幅する信号増幅部と、
前記信号増幅部により増幅された前記電圧信号の電圧と、所定電圧と、を比較する比較部と、
を備え、
前記電圧変換部は、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される増幅回路と、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される帰還回路と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、光検出素子の製造方法であって、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜を、LOCOS(LOCal Oxidation of Silicon)により形成する、
ことを具備する、光検出素子の製造方法。
Claims (18)
- 受光量に応じた電荷を生成する受光部と、
入力ノードを介して前記受光部で生成された電荷を取得し、電荷を電圧信号に変換し、前記電圧信号を出力ノードから出力する電圧変換部と、
前記電圧信号を増幅する信号増幅部と、
前記信号増幅部により増幅された前記電圧信号の電圧と、所定電圧と、を比較する比較部と、
を備え、
前記電圧変換部は、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される増幅回路と、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される帰還回路と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、光検出素子。 - 前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのサブスレッショルドスロープは、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのサブスレッショルドスロープよりも高い、請求項1に記載の光検出素子。
- 前記増幅回路は、
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記第2トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、請求項1に記載の光検出素子。 - 前記増幅回路は、
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのサブスレッショルドスロープは、前記第2トランジスタのサブスレッショルドスロープよりも高い、請求項1に記載の光検出素子。 - 前記帰還回路は、前記入力ノードと、第3基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記出力ノードと電気的に接続される第1トランジスタを有する、請求項1に記載の光検出素子。
- 前記帰還回路は、前記入力ノードと、前記第1トランジスタと、の間に接続される第3トランジスタをさらに有し、
前記第3トランジスタは、前記第1トランジスタと前記第3トランジスタとの間のノードの電圧を増幅して前記入力ノードに出力する、請求項5に記載の光検出素子。 - 前記増幅回路は、
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記第1トランジスタのチャネル長は、前記第2トランジスタのチャネル長よりも短い、請求項5に記載の光検出素子。 - 前記第1トランジスタのゲート電極のチャネル長方向の長さは、前記第2トランジスタのゲート電極のチャネル長方向の長さよりも短い、請求項7に記載の光検出素子。
- 前記第1トランジスタは、ソース層からドレイン層に向かって延伸するように設けられ、前記ソース層より低い不純物濃度を有するソースエクステンション、及び、前記ドレイン層から前記ソース層に向かって延伸するように設けられ、前記ドレイン層より低い不純物濃度を有するドレインエクステンションの少なくとも一方を有し、
前記ソースエクステンション及び前記ドレインエクステンションは、前記第1トランジスタが設けられる基板面に略垂直な方向から見て、前記第1トランジスタのゲート電極と重なるように配置される、請求項7に記載の光検出素子。 - 前記受光部と、前記入力ノードと、の間に接続され、前記受光部で生成された電荷を前記入力ノードに転送する第1転送トランジスタをさらに備え、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記第1転送トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、請求項1に記載の光検出素子。 - 電荷を蓄積する電荷蓄積部と、
前記受光部と、前記電荷蓄積部と、の間に接続され、前記受光部で生成された電荷を前記電荷蓄積部に転送する第2転送トランジスタと、
をさらに備え、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記第2転送トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、請求項10に記載の光検出素子。 - 前記増幅回路は、
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記第2トランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、請求項1に記載の光検出素子。 - 前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜の基板側の端部は、前記増幅回路に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜の基板側の端部よりも基板側に位置する、請求項1に記載の光検出素子。
- 前記増幅回路は、
前記出力ノードと、第1基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続され、ゲートが前記入力ノードと電気的に接続される第2トランジスタと、
前記出力ノードと、前記第1基準電圧ノードとは異なる第2基準電圧ノードと、の間に接続される電流源と、
を有し、
前記受光部、前記帰還回路、及び、前記第2トランジスタが配置される第1半導体チップと、
前記第1半導体チップと積層され、前記電流源、前記信号増幅部、及び、前記比較部が配置される第2半導体チップと、
をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の光検出素子。 - 前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜の厚さは、5nm以上である、請求項1に記載の光検出素子。
- 前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのスレッショルドスロープは、100mV/decade以上である、請求項1に記載の光検出素子。
- 請求項1に記載の光検出素子を備える電子機器。
- 受光量に応じた電荷を生成する受光部と、
入力ノードを介して前記受光部で生成された電荷を取得し、電荷を電圧信号に変換し、前記電圧信号を出力ノードから出力する電圧変換部と、
前記電圧信号を増幅する信号増幅部と、
前記信号増幅部により増幅された前記電圧信号の電圧と、所定電圧と、を比較する比較部と、
を備え、
前記電圧変換部は、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される増幅回路と、
前記入力ノードと前記出力ノードとの間に接続される帰還回路と、
を有し、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜は、前記信号増幅部及び前記比較部に含まれるトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜よりも厚い、光検出素子の製造方法であって、
前記帰還回路に含まれる少なくとも1つのトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜を、LOCOS(LOCal Oxidation of Silicon)により形成する、
ことを具備する、光検出素子の製造方法。
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| US20210250528A1 (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Dynamic vision sensor device including buffer |
| WO2021261069A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-26 | 2021-12-30 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置 |
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| US20210250528A1 (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Dynamic vision sensor device including buffer |
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