WO2024027062A1 - 一种太阳能高效综合利用系统及其工作方法 - Google Patents

一种太阳能高效综合利用系统及其工作方法 Download PDF

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WO2024027062A1
WO2024027062A1 PCT/CN2022/136452 CN2022136452W WO2024027062A1 WO 2024027062 A1 WO2024027062 A1 WO 2024027062A1 CN 2022136452 W CN2022136452 W CN 2022136452W WO 2024027062 A1 WO2024027062 A1 WO 2024027062A1
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methanol
solar
thermal radiation
radiation band
outlet
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PCT/CN2022/136452
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English (en)
French (fr)
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付康丽
韩伟
左芳菲
姚明宇
杨晓
姬海民
宋晓辉
陆续
杨路
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西安热工研究院有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/42—Cooling means
    • H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
    • C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of solar energy, and specifically relates to an efficient comprehensive utilization system of solar energy and its working method.
  • Hydrogen energy has the advantages of being clean, non-polluting, storable, and has high calorific value. It is generally considered to be the most potential secondary energy and clean energy carrier, and is one of the indispensable energy forms to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.
  • electrolytic water hydrogen production technology is the most widely used hydrogen production technology, but the cost of hydrogen production with this technology is still high. To enable large-scale application of hydrogen energy, it is urgent to further reduce the cost of hydrogen production.
  • Solar energy has unparalleled resource potential such as wide coverage and no pollution, and is a clean energy source with great application prospects.
  • Solar thermochemical hydrogen production is used to convert solar energy into chemical energy.
  • the solar thermochemical reaction hydrogen production process is clean and the cost of hydrogen production is low.
  • the current solar hydrogen production system requires a high reaction temperature and low hydrogen production efficiency, which restricts the development of solar hydrogen production technology.
  • the purpose of this disclosure is to provide an efficient comprehensive utilization system of solar energy and its working method, which realizes low-cost, high-efficiency zero-carbon online hydrogen production, and the heating outlet temperature of the system can reach 200°C.
  • the above can greatly improve the comprehensive utilization of the entire system. efficiency.
  • the present disclosure proposes an efficient comprehensive utilization system of solar energy, including a cooling system, solar photovoltaic components, a solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system, a methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank, a heat exchange system, a gas-liquid separation system, a pressure swing adsorption device, and methanol Cracking reactors and solar concentrators;
  • the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system is located in the gathering area behind the solar light concentrator, the solar photovoltaic module is located in the transmission direction of the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system, and the cooling system is located on the back of the solar photovoltaic module; the methanol spectral absorption fluid storage
  • the methanol spectral absorption fluid is stored in the tank.
  • the methanol spectral absorption fluid is a methanol solution in which copper sulfate is dissolved.
  • the outlet of the methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the cooling system.
  • the outlet of the cooling system is connected to the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption.
  • the inlet of the system is connected, the outlet of the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system is connected to the inlet of the methanol cracking reactor; the solid outlet of the methanol cracking reactor is connected to the solid inlet of the methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank, and the gas outlet of the methanol cracking reactor is connected It is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchange system, the hot side outlet of the heat exchange system is connected to the gas-liquid separation system, the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation system is connected to the pressure swing adsorption device, and the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation system is connected to the methanol spectral absorption Liquid inlet connection for fluid storage tank.
  • the outlet of the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system is connected to a three-way valve
  • the first outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the methanol cracking reactor
  • the second outlet of the three-way valve is connected to a high-temperature methanol spectral absorption fluid buffer tank
  • the high-temperature methanol spectral absorption fluid buffer tank is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchange system.
  • the solid outlet of the methanol cracking reactor is connected to a filtration system, and the filtration system is connected to the solid inlet of the methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank.
  • a catalyst is provided inside the methanol cracking reactor, and a pressure relief valve is provided on the methanol cracking reactor.
  • a vacuum heat insulation layer is provided outside the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system.
  • the solar photovoltaic module is a crystalline silicon cell, an amorphous silicon cell, a perovskite cell or a gallium arsenide cell.
  • the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system is a tubular heat collection system.
  • the heat exchange system is a printed circuit board heat exchanger.
  • the working method of the above-mentioned high-efficiency comprehensive utilization system of solar energy proposed by this disclosure includes:
  • the sunlight reaches the solar concentrator and is concentrated into a solar beam, which is projected onto the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system.
  • the long-wave thermal radiation band is absorbed by the methanol spectral absorption fluid flowing through the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system, and the remaining solar beam is transmitted through Through the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system, it is transmitted to the solar photovoltaic components to stimulate the photovoltaic effect to generate electricity; the methanol spectral absorption fluid flows through the cooling system to cool down the solar photovoltaic components, and then flows through the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system to generate thermal radiation.
  • the unreacted methanol vapor is condensed into methanol liquid; the methanol liquid, H 2 and CO 2 enter the gas-liquid separation system together for gas-liquid separation, and the methanol liquid is then Entering the methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank, H 2 and CO 2 are separated through the pressure swing adsorption device to obtain high-purity CO 2 and high-purity H 2 respectively.
  • the temperature of the methanol spectrum absorption fluid rises to 250°C ⁇ 20°C after flowing through the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system; the temperature of the high-temperature methanol spectrum absorption liquid is 200-400°C; the H 2 and CO 2 produced by the reaction The unreacted methanol steam is cooled to below 50°C in the heat exchange system.
  • the present disclosure has the following beneficial technical effects:
  • the present disclosure proposes an efficient comprehensive utilization system of solar energy, which generates electricity through solar photovoltaic components.
  • the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system can use the heat of the solar thermal radiation band beam to heat the methanol spectral absorption fluid, and then perform subsequent methanol absorption.
  • the heat of the product can be utilized in the heat exchange system for heat supply.
  • the solid copper sulfate and unreacted methanol after the reaction can be recycled to produce high-purity CO 2 and high-purity H 2 at the same time.
  • This system not only achieves efficient power generation (power generation efficiency is greater than 25%), but also realizes online hydrogen production and heat supply, and solar energy utilization.
  • the efficiency is much higher than conventional technology, and the cost of hydrogen production is less than 20 yuan/Kg.
  • the most widely used electrolysis water hydrogen production technology costs about 40 yuan/Kg, which has good application prospects.
  • the outlet of the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system is divided into two paths through a three-way valve.
  • the amount of methanol spectral absorption fluid entering the methanol cracking reactor can be controlled, and the reaction progress of the entire system can be controlled; on the other hand, , when the methanol cracking reactor undergoes phase change during cracking, this path can be closed, and all methanol spectral absorption fluids enter the heat exchange system for heat exchange.
  • the solid outlet of the methanol cracking reactor is connected with a filtration system, which can remove impurities carried by the solid copper sulfate.
  • a vacuum insulation layer is provided outside the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system to prevent heat from flowing to the solar photovoltaic components and causing excessive temperature rise.
  • This disclosure proposes a working method for a high-efficiency comprehensive utilization system of solar energy. It has a high degree of automation and realizes low-cost and high-efficiency zero-carbon online hydrogen production.
  • the heat supply outlet temperature of the system is high, which can greatly improve the comprehensive utilization of the entire system. efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system of the present disclosure.
  • 1-cooling system 2-solar photovoltaic modules, 3-solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system, 4-methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank, 5-three-way valve, 6-catalyst, 7-pressure relief valve, 8-High-temperature methanol spectral absorption fluid buffer tank, 9-heat exchange system, 10-gas-liquid separation system, 11-pressure swing adsorption device, 12-methanol cracking reactor, 13-sunlight concentrator, 14-filtration system.
  • an efficient comprehensive utilization system of solar energy of the present disclosure includes a cooling system 1, solar photovoltaic modules 2, solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3, methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank 4, heat exchange system 9, gas-liquid Separation system 10, pressure swing adsorption device 11, methanol cracking reactor 12 and solar concentrator 13.
  • the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3 is located in the gathering area behind the solar light concentrator 13, the solar photovoltaic module 2 is located in the transmission direction of the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3, and the cooling system 1 is located on the back of the solar photovoltaic module 2;
  • the methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank 4 stores a methanol solution in which copper sulfate is dissolved.
  • the outlet of the methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank 4 is connected to the inlet of the cooling system 1, and the outlet of the cooling system 1 is connected to the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system.
  • the inlet of 3 is connected, the outlet of the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3 is connected with the inlet of the methanol cracking reactor 12; the solid outlet of the methanol cracking reactor 12 is connected with the solid inlet of the methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank 4, and the methanol cracking reaction
  • the gas outlet of the device 12 is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchange system 9.
  • the hot side outlet of the heat exchange system 9 is connected to the gas-liquid separation system 10.
  • the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation system 10 is connected to the pressure swing adsorption device 11.
  • the gas-liquid The liquid outlet of the separation system 10 is connected with the liquid inlet of the methanol spectral absorption fluid storage tank 4 .
  • the methanol spectral absorption fluid uses a solution of copper sulfate dissolved in methanol.
  • the solution is blue and can selectively absorb long-wave radiation of solar rays.
  • the part of the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3 facing the sun's rays is made of transparent material, so that the methanol spectral absorption fluid can better absorb energy.
  • the rest of the surface is covered with a blue film that can effectively absorb the sun's rays to prevent the sun's rays from diverging and improve Absorption rate.
  • the outlet of the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3 is connected to a three-way valve 5.
  • the first outlet of the three-way valve 5 is connected to the inlet of the methanol cracking reactor 12.
  • the three-way valve 5 The second outlet of is connected to a high-temperature methanol spectral absorption fluid buffer tank 8 , and the high-temperature methanol spectral absorption fluid buffer tank 8 is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchange system 9 .
  • the solid outlet of the methanol cracking reactor 12 is connected to a filtration system 14 , and the filtration system 14 is connected to the solid inlet of the methanol spectroscopic absorption fluid storage tank 4 .
  • the filtration system 14 can be any filtration recovery system that can withstand high temperatures of 250°C and resist methanol corrosion.
  • the methanol cracking reactor 12 is provided with a catalyst 6 , and the methanol cracking reactor 12 is provided with a pressure relief valve 7 .
  • Catalyst 6 can be any catalyst that can catalyze the cracking of methanol to produce CO 2 and H 2 .
  • a vacuum heat insulation layer is provided outside the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3 .
  • the solar photovoltaic module 2 is a crystalline silicon cell, an amorphous silicon cell, a perovskite cell or a gallium arsenide cell.
  • the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3 adopts a tubular heat collection system.
  • the heat exchange system 9 uses a printed circuit board heat exchanger.
  • the working methods of the above-mentioned high-efficiency comprehensive utilization system of solar energy include:
  • the sunlight irradiates to the sunlight concentrator 13 , and the sunlight rays pass through the sunlight concentrator 13 and are condensed into solar beams.
  • the solar beam is projected onto the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3.
  • the long-wave thermal radiation band is absorbed by the methanol spectral absorption fluid flowing through the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3.
  • the exterior of the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3 is provided with vacuum insulation. layer to prevent heat from flowing to the solar photovoltaic module 2.
  • the remaining solar beam passes through the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3 and is transmitted to the solar photovoltaic module 2 to stimulate the photovoltaic effect.
  • the methanol spectral absorption fluid flows through the cooling system 1 to cool down the solar photovoltaic module 2, and then flows through the solar thermal radiation.
  • the band energy absorption system 3 is used to concentrate the thermal radiation band solar energy, and the temperature rises to 250°C ⁇ 20°C.
  • the methanol spectral absorption fluid is a methanol solution in which copper sulfate is dissolved.
  • the methanol spectral absorption fluid absorbs the heat after absorbing the thermal radiation energy of the condensed beam. rises to form a high-temperature methanol frequency-divided liquid (temperature 200-400°C).
  • the high-temperature methanol frequency-divided liquid enters the methanol cracking reactor 12 and starts the pressure relief valve 7 to release the pressure.
  • the methanol spectral absorption fluid is methanol vapor and solid copper sulfate.
  • the methanol spectral absorption fluid no longer enters the methanol cracking reactor 12, the three-way valve 5 closes this path, and all the methanol spectral absorption fluid is buffered by the high-temperature methanol spectral absorption fluid buffer tank 8 and then enters the heat exchange system 9 for heat exchange.
  • the solid copper sulfate is intercepted and recovered by the filtration system 14, and the methanol vapor is quickly decomposed into H 2 and CO 2 under the action of the catalyst 6. Then the reacted mixed gas enters the heat exchange system 9 for heat exchange and is cooled to below 50°C, without reaction.
  • the solar photovoltaic module 2 uses gallium arsenide concentrating solar cells
  • the solar thermal radiation band energy absorption system 3 uses a tubular heat collection system
  • the heat exchange system 9 uses a printed circuit heat exchanger.
  • the actual photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the entire system is as high as 25.7%.
  • the heat exchange temperature of the heat exchange system 9 is 252°C
  • the solar hydrogen production rate is 1.8 mol/g/h.

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Abstract

本公开提出一种太阳能高效综合利用系统及其工作方法，属于太阳能综合利用技术领域。包括冷却系统、太阳能光伏组件、太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统、甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐、换热系统、气液分离系统、变压吸附装置、甲醇裂解反应器和太阳光聚集器。通过太阳能光伏组件发电，以及太阳能的热辐射波段光束的热量对甲醇分光谱吸收流体进行加热，然后进行甲醇裂解反应，产物的热量能够在换热系统进行利用进行供热，反应后的固体硫酸铜和未反应的甲醇能够被循环利用，同时产出高纯CO2和高纯H2。本公开系统自动化程度高，实现了低成本、高效率的零碳在线制氢，系统的供热出口温度高，能够提升整套系统的综合利用㶲效率。

Description

一种太阳能高效综合利用系统及其工作方法 技术领域
本公开属于太阳能综合利用技术领域，具体涉及一种太阳能高效综合利用系统及其工作方法。
背景技术
氢能具有清洁无污染、可存储、高热值等优点，被普遍认为是最具潜力的二次能源及清洁能源载体，是实现碳中和目标必不可少的能源形式之一。目前电解水制氢技术为应用最广泛的制氢技术，但该技术制氢成本仍然较高。要使氢能大规模应用，急需进一步降低制氢成本。
太阳能具有覆盖范围广、无污染等无与伦比的资源潜力，是极具应用前景的清洁能源。利用太阳能热化学制氢，将太阳能转化为化学能，太阳能热化学反应制氢过程清洁、且制氢成本低。但目前的太阳能制氢系统要求的反应温度较高，制氢效率较低，制约着太阳能制氢技术的发展。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有问题，本公开的目的在于提供一种太阳能高效综合利用系统及其工作方法，实现了低成本、高效率的零碳在线制氢，而且系统的供热出口温度可达200℃以上，能够大幅度提升整套系统的综合利用
Figure PCTCN2022136452-appb-000001
效率。
本公开通过以下技术方案来实现：
本公开提出一种太阳能高效综合利用系统，包括冷却系统、太阳能光伏组件、太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统、甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐、换热系统、气液分离系统、变压吸附装置、甲醇裂解反应器和太阳光聚集器；
太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统设在太阳光聚集器后的聚集区域，太阳能光伏组件设在太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统的透射方向，冷却系统设在太阳能光伏组件的背面；甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐内储存有甲醇分光谱吸收流体， 甲醇分光谱吸收流体为溶解硫酸铜的甲醇溶液，甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐的出口与冷却系统的入口连接，冷却系统的出口与太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统的入口连接，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统的出口与甲醇裂解反应器的入口连接；甲醇裂解反应器的固体出口与甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐的固体入口连接，甲醇裂解反应器的气体出口与换热系统的热侧入口连接，换热系统的热侧出口与气液分离系统连接，气液分离系统的气体出口与变压吸附装置连接，气液分离系统的液体出口与甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐的液体入口连接。
优选地，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统的出口连接有三通阀，三通阀的第一出口与甲醇裂解反应器的入口连接，三通阀的第二出口连接有高温甲醇分光谱吸收流体缓冲罐，高温甲醇分光谱吸收流体缓冲罐与换热系统的热侧入口连接。
优选地，甲醇裂解反应器的固体出口连接有过滤系统，过滤系统与甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐的固体入口连接。
优选地，甲醇裂解反应器内部设有催化剂，甲醇裂解反应器上设有泄压阀。
优选地，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统外部设有真空隔热层。
优选地，太阳能光伏组件为晶硅电池、非晶硅电池、钙钛矿电池或砷化镓电池。
优选地，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统为管式集热系统。
优选地，换热系统为印刷电路板式换热器。
本公开提出的上述太阳能高效综合利用系统的工作方法，包括：
太阳光照射至太阳光聚集器汇聚成太阳光束投射到太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统上，长波热辐射波段被流经太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统的甲醇分光谱吸收流体吸收，余下的太阳光束透过太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统，透射至太阳能光伏组件激发光生伏打效应发电；甲醇分光谱吸收流体流经冷却系统给太阳能光伏组件降温，随后流经太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统热辐射能 后热量升高，形成高温甲醇分频液体；高温甲醇分频液体进入甲醇裂解反应器进行甲醇裂解反应；反应后的固体硫酸铜回收至甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐，反应产生的H 2和CO 2与未反应完全的甲醇蒸汽一起进入换热系统进行换热降温，未反应完全的甲醇蒸汽冷凝为甲醇液体；甲醇液体、H 2和CO 2一起进入气液分离系统进行气液分离，甲醇液体随后进入甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐，H 2和CO 2经变压吸附装置进行分离，分别获得高纯CO 2和高纯H 2。
优选地，甲醇分光谱吸收流体流经太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统后温度升至250℃±20℃；所述高温甲醇分频液体的温度为200-400℃；反应产生的H 2和CO 2与未反应完全的甲醇蒸汽在换热系统内降温至50℃以下。
与现有技术相比，本公开具有以下有益的技术效果：
本公开提出一种太阳能高效综合利用系统，通过太阳能光伏组件发电，同时利用太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统能够利用太阳能的热辐射波段光束的热量对甲醇分光谱吸收流体进行加热，然后进行后续的甲醇裂解反应，产物的热量能够在换热系统进行利用进行供热，反应后的固体硫酸铜和未反应的甲醇能够被循环利用，同时产出高纯CO 2和高纯H 2。该系统实现高效发电的同时(发电效率大于25％)，实现了在线制氢和供热，太阳能利用
Figure PCTCN2022136452-appb-000002
效率远高于常规技术，且制氢成本小于20元/Kg，而目前应用最广泛的电解水制氢技术成本约为40元/Kg，具有良好的应用前景。
进一步地，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统的出口通过三通阀分为两路，一方面，可以控制进入甲醇裂解反应器的甲醇分光谱吸收流体的量，控制整个系统的反应进度；另一方面，当甲醇裂解反应器进行裂解发生相变时可以关闭该路，所有甲醇分光谱吸收流体进入换热系统换热。
进一步地，甲醇裂解反应器的固体出口连接有过滤系统，能够去除固体硫酸铜携带的杂质。
进一步地，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统外部设有真空隔热层，防止热 量流向太阳能光伏组件造成升温过高。
本公开提出了一种太阳能高效综合利用系统的工作方法，自动化程度高，实现了低成本、高效率的零碳在线制氢，系统的供热出口温度高，能够大幅度提升整套系统的综合利用
Figure PCTCN2022136452-appb-000003
效率。
附图说明
图1为本公开的系统整体结构示意图。
图中：1-冷却系统，2-太阳能光伏组件，3-太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统，4-甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐，5-三通阀，6-催化剂，7-泄压阀，8-高温甲醇分光谱吸收流体缓冲罐，9-换热系统，10-气液分离系统，11-变压吸附装置，12-甲醇裂解反应器，13-太阳光聚集器，14-过滤系统。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本公开做进一步详细描述，其内容是对本公开的解释而不是限定：
如图1，本公开的一种太阳能高效综合利用系统，包括冷却系统1、太阳能光伏组件2、太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3、甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐4、换热系统9、气液分离系统10、变压吸附装置11、甲醇裂解反应器12和太阳光聚集器13。
太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3设在太阳光聚集器13后的聚集区域，太阳能光伏组件2设在太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3的透射方向，冷却系统1设在太阳能光伏组件2的背面；甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐4内储存有溶解了硫酸铜的甲醇溶液，甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐4的出口与冷却系统1的入口连接，冷却系统1的出口与太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3的入口连接，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3的出口与甲醇裂解反应器12的入口连接；甲醇裂解反应器12的固体出口与甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐4的固体入口连接，甲醇裂解反应器12的气体出口与换热系统9的热侧入口连接，换热系统9的热侧出口与气 液分离系统10连接，气液分离系统10的气体出口与变压吸附装置11连接，气液分离系统10的液体出口与甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐4的液体入口连接。
甲醇分光谱吸收流体采用硫酸铜溶于甲醇的溶液，该溶液呈蓝色，会选择性的吸收长波辐射太阳光线。
太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3正对太阳光线的部分采用透明材质，使甲醇分光谱吸收流体能够更好地吸收能量，其余部分表面覆盖可有效吸收太阳光线的蓝膜，防止太阳光线发散，提高吸收率。
在本公开的一个较优的实施例中，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3的出口连接有三通阀5，三通阀5的第一出口与甲醇裂解反应器12的入口连接，三通阀5的第二出口连接有高温甲醇分光谱吸收流体缓冲罐8，高温甲醇分光谱吸收流体缓冲罐8与换热系统9的热侧入口连接。
在本公开的一个较优的实施例中，甲醇裂解反应器12的固体出口连接有过滤系统14，过滤系统14与甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐4的固体入口连接。过滤系统14可以是任意一种可耐250℃高温且耐甲醇腐蚀的过滤回收系统。
在本公开的一个较优的实施例中，甲醇裂解反应器12内部设有催化剂6，甲醇裂解反应器12上设有泄压阀7。催化剂6可以是任意一种可催化甲醇裂解制CO 2和H 2的催化剂。
在本公开的一个较优的实施例中，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3外部设有真空隔热层。
在本公开的一个较优的实施例中，太阳能光伏组件2为晶硅电池、非晶硅电池、钙钛矿电池或砷化镓电池。
在本公开的一个较优的实施例中，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3采用管式集热系统。
在本公开的一个较优的实施例中，换热系统9采用印刷电路板式换热器。
上述太阳能高效综合利用系统的工作方法，包括：
太阳光照射至太阳光聚集器13，太阳光光线透过太阳光聚集器13汇聚成太阳光束。太阳光束投射到太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3上，长波热辐射波段被流经太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3的甲醇分光谱吸收流体吸收，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3外部设置真空隔热层，防止热量流向太阳能光伏组件2。余下的太阳光束透过太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3，透射至太阳能光伏组件2激发光生伏打效应，甲醇分光谱吸收流体流经冷却系统1给太阳能光伏组件2降温，随后流经太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3来聚集热辐射波段太阳能，温度升至250℃±20℃，甲醇分光谱吸收流体是溶解了硫酸铜的甲醇溶液，甲醇分光谱吸收流体吸收聚光光束的热辐射能后热量升高，形成高温甲醇分频液体(温度为200-400℃)，高温甲醇分频液体进入甲醇裂解反应器12，启动泄压阀7泄压，甲醇分光谱吸收流体呈甲醇蒸汽和固体硫酸铜，此时甲醇分光谱吸收流体不再进入甲醇裂解反应器12，三通阀5关闭该路，甲醇分光谱吸收流体全部经高温甲醇分光谱吸收流体缓冲罐8缓冲后进入换热系统9换热；固体硫酸铜被过滤系统14拦截回收，甲醇蒸汽在催化剂6的作用下快速分解成H 2和CO 2，随后反应后的混合气进入换热系统9进行换热降温至50℃以下，未反应完全的甲醇蒸汽冷凝为甲醇液体。甲醇液体、H 2和CO 2气体一起进入气液分离系统10进行气液分离，甲醇液体随后进入甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐4，H 2和CO 2经变压吸附装置11进行分离，分别获得高纯CO 2和高纯H 2。
工程实例
在本工程实例中，太阳能光伏组件2采用砷化镓聚光太阳能电池，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统3采用管式集热系统，换热系统9采用印刷电路式换热器。整套系统实际运行的光伏发电效率高达25.7％，换热系统9的换热温度为252℃，太阳能制氢速率1.8mol/g/h。
以上所述仅为本公开实施例，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内可轻易想到的变化或者替 换，或利用本公开说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或者等效流程变换，或直接、间接运用在其他相关技术领域的情况，均应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种太阳能高效综合利用系统，其特征在于，包括冷却系统(1)、太阳能光伏组件(2)、太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)、甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐(4)、换热系统(9)、气液分离系统(10)、变压吸附装置(11)、甲醇裂解反应器(12)和太阳光聚集器(13)；
    太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)设在太阳光聚集器(13)后的聚集区域，太阳能光伏组件(2)设在太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)的透射方向，冷却系统(1)设在太阳能光伏组件(2)的背面；甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐(4)内储存有甲醇分光谱吸收流体，甲醇分光谱吸收流体为溶解硫酸铜的甲醇溶液，甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐(4)的出口与冷却系统(1)的入口连接，冷却系统(1)的出口与太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)的入口连接，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)的出口与甲醇裂解反应器(12)的入口连接；甲醇裂解反应器(12)的固体出口与甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐(4)的固体入口连接，甲醇裂解反应器(12)的气体出口与换热系统(9)的热侧入口连接，换热系统(9)的热侧出口与气液分离系统(10)连接，气液分离系统(10)的气体出口与变压吸附装置(11)连接，气液分离系统(10)的液体出口与甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐(4)的液体入口连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能高效综合利用系统，其特征在于，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)的出口连接有三通阀(5)，三通阀(5)的第一出口与甲醇裂解反应器(12)的入口连接，三通阀(5)的第二出口连接有高温甲醇分光谱吸收流体缓冲罐(8)，高温甲醇分光谱吸收流体缓冲罐(8)与换热系统(9)的热侧入口连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能高效综合利用系统，其特征在于，甲醇裂解反应器(12)的固体出口连接有过滤系统(14)，过滤系统(14)与甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐(4)的固体入口连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能高效综合利用系统，其特征在于，甲醇裂 解反应器(12)内部设有催化剂(6)，甲醇裂解反应器(12)上设有泄压阀(7)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能高效综合利用系统，其特征在于，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)外部设有真空隔热层。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能高效综合利用系统，其特征在于，太阳能光伏组件(2)为晶硅电池、非晶硅电池、钙钛矿电池或砷化镓电池。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能高效综合利用系统，其特征在于，太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)为管式集热系统。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能高效综合利用系统，其特征在于，换热系统(9)为印刷电路板式换热器。
  9. 权利要求1～8所述的太阳能高效综合利用系统的工作方法，其特征在于，包括：太阳光照射至太阳光聚集器(13)汇聚成太阳光束投射到太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)上，长波热辐射波段被流经太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)的甲醇分光谱吸收流体吸收，余下的太阳光束透过太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)，透射至太阳能光伏组件(2)激发光生伏打效应发电；甲醇分光谱吸收流体流经冷却系统(1)给太阳能光伏组件(2)降温，随后流经太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)热辐射能后热量升高，形成高温甲醇分频液体；高温甲醇分频液体进入甲醇裂解反应器(12)进行甲醇裂解反应；反应后的固体硫酸铜回收至甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐(4)，反应产生的H 2和CO 2与未反应完全的甲醇蒸汽一起进入换热系统(9)进行换热降温，未反应完全的甲醇蒸汽冷凝为甲醇液体；甲醇液体、H 2和CO 2一起进入气液分离系统(10)进行气液分离，甲醇液体随后进入甲醇分光谱吸收流体储罐(4)，H 2和CO 2经变压吸附装置(11)进行分离，分别获得高纯CO 2和高纯H 2。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的太阳能高效综合利用系统的工作方法，其特征在于，甲醇分光谱吸收流体流经太阳能热辐射波段能量吸收系统(3)后温度升至250℃±20℃；所述高温甲醇分频液体的温度为200-400℃；反应产生的H 2 和CO 2与未反应完全的甲醇蒸汽在换热系统(9)内降温至50℃以下。
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