WO2024023407A1 - Monitoring a detector of current flowing in a main battery of a vehicle - Google Patents
Monitoring a detector of current flowing in a main battery of a vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024023407A1 WO2024023407A1 PCT/FR2023/050826 FR2023050826W WO2024023407A1 WO 2024023407 A1 WO2024023407 A1 WO 2024023407A1 FR 2023050826 W FR2023050826 W FR 2023050826W WO 2024023407 A1 WO2024023407 A1 WO 2024023407A1
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- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- main battery
- chosen
- current
- threshold
- Prior art date
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000896 Manganin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0038—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
Definitions
- TITLE MONITORING A CURRENT DETECTOR CIRCULATING IN A MAIN BATTERY OF A VEHICLE
- the invention concerns vehicles comprising a main battery electrically supplying an electric motor machine, and more precisely the monitoring of the current which is supplied or received by this main battery.
- Certain vehicles possibly of the automobile type, include a so-called “main” (or traction) battery responsible for electrically powering at least one electric motor machine of their powertrain (or GMP) and which can be recharged by temporary coupling to an external power source.
- main or traction
- GMP powertrain
- the current which flows between the terminals of its main (or traction) battery can be the subject of permanent monitoring by means of two detectors.
- the two detectors Due to the importance of current measurement, the two detectors must be very precise. Consequently, these are generally amperometric detectors of the so-called “shunt” type.
- this type of detector makes it possible to carry out measurements of alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), and comprising a conductor installed in the circuit comprising the main battery without galvanic separation, of low resistance, very precise, and generally made of constantan or manganin (an alloy of copper, nickel and manganese), which ensures very high thermal stability. It is therefore sufficient to measure the voltage across this detector to know the value of the current flowing through it (by application of Ohm's law).
- a disadvantage of the current solution lies in the fact that at least one of the two detectors may prove to be faulty, even though the average value of the two current measurements or the maximum value of the two current measurements corresponds substantially to what is expected.
- the invention therefore aims in particular to improve the situation.
- a monitoring method intended to be implemented in a vehicle comprising a main battery having terminals between which a current flows, and first and second detectors capable of carrying out first and second measurements respectively. of this current.
- This monitoring method is characterized by the fact that it comprises a step in which at least one difference value is determined between the first and second measurements, and when this value difference is greater than a first chosen threshold, a temporary limitation is imposed on the electrical power supplied or received by the main battery.
- the monitoring method according to the invention may include other characteristics which can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
- the limitation can be temporarily imposed when successive deviation values are greater than the first threshold for a duration greater than a second chosen threshold
- the second threshold can be between 100 ms and 500 ms;
- the first threshold can be between 40 A and 50 A;
- the limitation can consist either of a progressive reduction of the electrical power supplied up to a first value chosen over a first duration chosen when an electric motor machine, fitted to the vehicle and supplied with electrical energy by the main battery, must provide a positive output torque, either in a progressive reduction of the electrical power received up to a second chosen value over a second chosen duration when the electric motor machine must provide a negative output torque, or in a reduction to a third chosen value of a maximum recharge current capable of supplying the main battery, after the expiration of a third chosen duration;
- At least one action can also be carried out in the vehicle complementary chosen from a generation of an alert from a user of the vehicle requiring a stop of the vehicle, a recording of at least one fault code representative of an operating problem of at least one of the first and second detectors, and electrical isolation of the main battery;
- the first detector can be of the amperometric type and can offer a first level of precision
- the second detector can be of the amperometric type and can offer a second level of precision which is strictly lower than the first level of precision. precision.
- the invention also proposes a computer program product comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by processing means, is capable of implementing a monitoring method of the type presented below. before to monitor, in a vehicle comprising a main battery having terminals between which a current flows, and first and second detectors capable of carrying out first and second measurements of this current respectively, the operation of this first detector.
- the invention also proposes a monitoring device intended to equip a vehicle comprising a main battery having terminals between which a current flows, and first and second detectors capable of carrying out respectively first and second measurements of this current.
- This monitoring device is characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one processor and at least one memory arranged to carry out the operations consisting of determining at least one difference value between the first and second measurements, and when this deviation value is greater than a first threshold chosen to trigger an imposition of a temporary limitation of an electrical power supplied or received by the main battery.
- the invention also proposes a vehicle, possibly of the automobile type, and comprising, on the one hand, a main battery having terminals between which a first current flows, and first and second detectors capable of performing respectively first and second measurements of the first current, and, on the other hand, a monitoring device of the type presented above.
- FIG. 1 illustrates schematically and functionally an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle comprising a GMP, with an electric motor powered by a main battery, and a monitoring device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates schematically and functionally an exemplary embodiment of a battery box, coupled to a main battery and comprising an exemplary embodiment of a battery calculator comprising a monitoring device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an example of an algorithm implementing a monitoring method according to the invention.
- the invention aims in particular to propose a monitoring method, and an associated monitoring device DS, intended to allow permanent monitoring of a first detector D1 measuring the current ibp circulating between the terminals of a main battery (or traction) BP of a vehicle V.
- the vehicle V is of the automobile type. This is for example a car, as illustrated in Figure 1. But the invention is not limited to this type of vehicle. In fact, it concerns all types of vehicles. comprising a rechargeable main (or traction) battery and coupled to a powertrain (or GMP) comprising at least one electric driving machine. Thus, it concerns, for example, land vehicles (utility vehicles, motorhomes, minibuses, coaches, trucks, motorcycles, road machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, leisure machinery (snowmobile, kart), and road machinery. caterpillar(s), for example), boats and aircraft.
- GMP powertrain
- the vehicle V comprises a powertrain (or GMP) of all-electric type (and therefore whose traction is ensured exclusively by at least one electric driving machine MME).
- GMP powertrain
- the GMP could be of hybrid type (thermal and electric) or purely thermal.
- a vehicle V comprising a transmission chain with electric GMP (and therefore with an electric driving machine MME), an on-board network RB, a service battery BS, a main battery (or traction) BP associated with a CB battery calculator, a CV converter, and a DS monitoring device according to the invention.
- the on-board network RB is an electrical supply network to which electrical (or electronic) equipment (or components) which consume electrical energy are coupled.
- the transmission chain has a GMP which is, here, purely electric and therefore which comprises, in particular, an electric driving machine MME, a motor shaft AM, and a transmission shaft AT.
- electric driving machine an electric machine arranged so as to provide torque to move the vehicle V when it is supplied with electrical energy (we then speak of providing a positive output torque), as well as possibly to recover torque in the transmission chain (we then speak of providing a negative output torque).
- the operation of the GMP (and therefore of the electric motor machine MME) is supervised by a supervision computer CS.
- the electric driving machine MME (here an electric motor) is coupled to the main (or traction) battery BP, in order to be supplied with electrical energy, as well as possibly to supply this main battery BP with electrical energy , especially during torque recovery.
- this electric motor machine MME is coupled to the motor shaft AM, to provide it by rotational drive with an output torque depending on a torque setpoint defined by the supervision computer CS.
- This motor shaft AM is here coupled to a reduction gear RD which is also coupled to the transmission shaft AT, itself coupled to a first train T1 (here of wheels), preferably via a differential DF.
- This first train T1 is here located in the front part PW of the vehicle V. But in a variant this first train T1 could be the one which is here referenced T2 and which is located in the rear part PRV of the vehicle V.
- the utility battery BS is responsible for supplying electrical energy to the on-board network RB, in addition, here, to that supplied by the CV converter powered by the main battery BP, and sometimes instead, here, of this CV converter.
- this BS utility battery can be arranged in the form of a very low voltage type battery (typically 12 V, 24 V or 48 V). It is rechargeable at least via the CV (current) converter.
- the BS utility battery is of the 12 V Lithium-ion type.
- the main battery BP is suitable not only for recharges in mode 2 or 3, but also for recharges in mode 4, under the control of a CC calculator associated with the CV converter .
- the main battery BP is rechargeable in direct current by the CV converter, after an AC/DC conversion (for example from 220 V AC (alternating current) to 450 V DC (direct current)), when this CV converter has been temporarily coupled to an external power source, via a charging cable previously connected to a CN charging connector of the vehicle V.
- the main battery BP is rechargeable with high direct current (typically 125 A or 250 A) which comes directly from an external power source (direct current). , temporarily connected via a charging cable to the CN charging connector of vehicle V, without conversion by the CV converter.
- high direct current typically 125 A or 250 A
- the main (or traction) battery BP can, for example, comprise electrical energy storage cells, possibly electrochemical (for example of the lithium-ion (or Li-ion) or Ni-Mh or Ni-type). CD). Also for example, the main BP battery can be of the low voltage type (typically 450 V for illustration purposes). But it could be medium voltage or high voltage.
- the main battery BP is associated with a battery box BB which comprises, here, at least one isolation device DI, voltage/current measuring means (partially illustrated), and in particular first D1 and second D2 current detectors, and the CB battery calculator.
- first D1 and second D2 detectors are capable of carrying out respectively, and preferably periodically, first mc1 and second mc2 measurements of the current ibp which circulates between the terminals of the main battery BP.
- the isolation device DI is arranged so as to isolate the main battery BP from the CV converter and/or from the charging connector CN and/or from the prime mover MME, when the battery calculator CB requests it.
- this isolation device DI can include protection fuses F2 and F3 and contactors (or switches) Kj based on MOSFET(s) which can each take an open (or non-conducting) state and a state closed (or passing).
- the battery calculator CB centralizes the voltage and current measurements and determines current parameters of the main battery BP based on these measurements, and in particular its internal resistance, its minimum voltage and its state of charge (or SOC). (“State Of Charge”). Furthermore, the CB battery calculator exchanges information with the GMP CS supervision calculator and with the CC calculator associated with the CV converter (in particular for recharges in mode 4).
- the CV converter can be part of a charger CH electrically connected to the charging connector CN and comprising the CC calculator responsible within its vehicle V for controlling the charging of the main BP battery, whatever the mode.
- the vehicle V also includes a distribution box BD to which the utility battery BS, the CV converter and the on-board network RB are coupled.
- This distribution box BD is responsible for distributing in the on-board network RB the electrical energy stored in the utility battery BS or produced by the converter CV, for powering the electrical components (or equipment) coupled to the on-board network RB depending on power requests received (in particular from the GMP CS supervision computer).
- the invention proposes in particular a monitoring method intended to enable monitoring permanent of the first detector D1 measuring the current ibp circulating between the terminals of the main battery BP of the vehicle V.
- This (monitoring) method can be implemented at least partially by the monitoring device DS (illustrated at least partially in Figures 1 and 2) which comprises for this purpose at least one processor PR1, for example signal processor digital signal processor (or DSP), and at least one MD memory.
- This DS monitoring device can therefore be produced in the form of a combination of electrical or electronic circuits or components (or “hardware”) and software modules (or “software”). For example, it can be a microcontroller.
- the memory MD is RAM in order to store instructions for the implementation by the processor PR1 of at least part of the monitoring process.
- the processor PR1 may include integrated (or printed) circuits, or several integrated (or printed) circuits connected by wired or non-wired connections.
- integrated (or printed) circuit we mean any type of device capable of performing at least one electrical or electronic operation.
- the monitoring device DS is part of the battery calculator CB. This is advantageous because it is the latter (CB) which uses the first mc1 and second mc2 measurements provided respectively by the first D1 and second D2 detectors. But this is not obligatory. Indeed, the monitoring device DS could include its own dedicated computer, which is then coupled to the battery computer CB, or could be part of another on-board computer than the latter (CB), such as for example the supervision computer CS.
- the (monitoring) method comprises a step 10-40 which is implemented when the main (or traction) battery BP receives or supplies current (and therefore at least during the driving phases and the charging phases).
- Step 10-40 of the method comprises a sub-step 10 in which (the monitoring device DS) begins by determining at least one difference value ve between the first mc1 and second mc2 measurements carried out substantially at the same time. time and respectively by the first D1 and second D2 detectors.
- Step 10-40 of the method then comprises a sub-step 20 in which a (the monitoring device DS triggers the imposition of a) temporary limitation of the electrical power supplied or received by the main battery is imposed. BP when this deviation value ve is greater than a first chosen threshold s1.
- substep 20 when the deviation value ve is less than the first threshold s1, it is considered that there is no operating problem for the first D1 and second D2 detectors, and therefore we return to carry out sub-step 10 using new first mc1 and second mc2 measurements.
- ve
- mc2 - mc11 the absolute value of the difference em between the first mc1 and second mc2 measurements
- the first threshold s1 can be between 40 A and 50 A. As an illustrative example, the first threshold s1 can be equal to 45 A. But other values of first threshold s1 can be used , because it mainly depends on the respective precisions offered by the first D1 and second D2 detectors. For example, the value of the first threshold s1 can be chosen during the development phase of the vehicle V.
- step 10-40 it is possible to use a first detector D1 of the amperometric type and offering a first level of precision and a second detector D2 also of the amperometric type but offering a second level of precision which is strictly lower than the first level of precision, but whose robustness and reliability are greater than those of the first detector D1.
- the first detector D1 can be of the shunt type
- the second detector D2 can be of the so-called Hall effect type. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of the ibp current monitoring function, and therefore to reduce the cost of the vehicle V, because the less precise the second detector D2 is, the more its cost is reduced.
- a Hall effect detector comprises a sensitive semiconductor element, called a Hall cell, and placed in a magnetic circuit to increase its sensitivity.
- This detector can measure direct or alternating current, but is however subject to the effects of saturation of the magnetic circuit, which limits its range of use.
- first D1 and second D2 detectors may be different from the shunt and Hall effect types mentioned above.
- the second detector D2 could be of the so-called Rogowski type or of the current transformer type, for example and not limited to.
- step 30 of step 10-40 it is possible to impose (the monitoring device DS can trigger the imposition of) the temporary limitation when successive deviation values ve are greater than the first threshold s1 for a duration which is greater than a second chosen threshold s2.
- This option makes it possible to avoid taking into account a single erroneous or occasionally abnormal ve deviation value (compared to the other ve deviation values determined just before or just after) which would cause the immediate execution of a main action (at know the triggering of the temporary limitation).
- the second threshold s2 can be between 100 ms and 500 ms. As an illustrative example, the second threshold s2 can be equal to 300 ms. But other values of second threshold s2 can be used. For example, the value of the second threshold s2 can be chosen during the development phase of the vehicle V.
- the monitoring device DS can trigger in sub-step 20 a first time delay equal to the duration of the second threshold s2 as soon as the value deviation ve becomes greater than the first threshold s1 for the first time.
- this duration of the second threshold s2 expires (and we still have ve > s1)
- the limitation imposed may depend on the current life situation of the vehicle V, and more precisely if it is in a driving phase in which its electric driving machine MME must provide a positive output torque, or if it is in a driving phase in which its electric driving machine MME must provide a negative output torque, or again if it is in a phase of recharging its main battery BP (after coupling its charging connector CN to an external power source).
- the limitation may consist of a progressive reduction (possibly linear) of the electrical power supplied by the main battery BP up to a first value v1 chosen on a first duration dr1 chosen.
- the limitation may consist of a progressive reduction (possibly linear) of the electrical power received by the main battery BP up to a second value v2 chosen on a second duration dr2 chosen.
- the limitation may consist of a reduction to a third chosen value v3 of a maximum recharge current irmax capable of supplying the main battery BP, after the expiration of a third chosen duration dr3.
- the first value v1 can be between 0 kW and +5 kW.
- the first value v1 can be equal to 0 kW.
- other values of the first value v1 can be used.
- the value of the first value v1 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
- the first duration dr1 can be between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. As an illustrative example, the first duration dr1 can be equal to 1 minute. But other values of the first duration dr1 can be used. For example, the value of the first duration dr1 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
- the second value v2 can be between -5 kW and 0 kW. As an illustrative example, the second value v2 can be equal to 0 kW. But other values of the second value v2 can be used. For example, the value of the second value v2 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
- the second duration dr2 can be between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. As an illustrative example, the second duration dr2 can be equal to 1 minute. But other values of the second duration dr2 can be used. For example, the value of the second duration dr2 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
- the third value v3 can be between 0 A and 5 A.
- the third value v3 can be equal to 0 A.
- other values of the third value v3 can be used.
- the value of the third value v3 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
- the third duration dr3 can be between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. As an illustrative example, the third duration dr3 can be equal to 1 minute. But other values of the third duration dr3 can be used. For example, the value of the third duration dr3 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
- step 30 of step 10-40 when the temporary imposition of the limitation has been decided, it is also possible to carry out (the monitoring device DS can trigger the implementation), in the vehicle V, with (at) least one complementary action which is chosen from:
- the user of vehicle V can be alerted, for example, by means of a lit indicator light (for example on the dashboard) and/or a message displayed on at least one screen of the vehicle.
- V for example from the dashboard or a central instrument panel
- a smart phone or “smartphone”
- This alert is intended to notify the driver of a malfunction on the main BP battery, so that he parks his vehicle V as quickly as possible, then calls an after-sales service to determine the cause of the problem and if possible its resolution.
- the recording of at least one fault code representative of an operating problem of at least one of the first D1 and second D2 detectors is intended to facilitate the search for the origin of a limitation imposed by a technician from an after-sales service, and to allow this technician to solve the problem and to inform the user of vehicle V of the origin of such a limitation.
- the electrical isolation of the main battery BP is preferably carried out by means of the isolation device DI (by action on at least one contactor (or switch) Kj), at the request of the battery calculator CB and after authorization given by the CS supervision computer, and once the main battery BP no longer supplies or no longer receives current.
- This electrical isolation is intended to protect passengers and users of vehicle V in the event of a short circuit on the circuit to which the main battery BP is coupled, while the battery computer CB is asleep (and therefore without monitoring of possible short circuits by the latter (CB)).
- the monitoring device DS can possibly wait for a fourth chosen duration dr4 before ordering the isolation device DI to electrically isolate the main battery BP.
- the fourth duration dr4 can be between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. As an illustrative example, the fourth duration dr4 can be equal to 1 minute. But other values of the fourth duration dr4 can be used. For example, the value of the fourth duration dr4 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
- step 10-40 can also include a sub-step 40 in which (the monitoring device DS) re-authorizes operation of the main battery BP without limitation (and therefore normal use of the latter (BP)).
- this re-authorization may result from the fact that the first threshold s1 is no longer exceeded by the successive deviation values ve for a duration which is greater than a third chosen threshold s3.
- the third threshold s3 can be between 100 ms and 500 ms.
- the third threshold s3 can be equal to 300 ms. But other values of third threshold s3 can be used.
- the value of the third threshold s3 can be chosen during the development phase of the vehicle V.
- a re-authorization is preferentially decided when the aforementioned condition is satisfied (ev ⁇ s1 for a duration greater than s3), after the vehicle V falls asleep and then wakes up the latter (V).
- the battery calculator CB (or the dedicated calculator of the monitoring device DS) can also include a mass memory MM1, in particular for the temporary storage of the first mc1 and seconds mc2 measurements and any intermediate data involved in all its calculations and processing.
- this CB battery calculator (or the dedicated calculator of the DS monitoring device) can also include an IE input interface for receiving at least the first mc1 and second mc2 measurements for use in calculations or processing. , possibly after having shaped and/or demodulated and/or amplified them, in a manner known per se, by means of a digital signal processor PR2.
- this CB battery calculator (or the dedicated calculator of the DS monitoring device) can also include an IS output interface, in particular to deliver messages limiting the electrical power that the main battery BP is authorized to supply or to receive possible alert generation orders (or alert messages), possible orders for electrical isolation of the main BP battery, or possible messages containing fault codes.
- the invention also proposes a computer program product (or computer program) comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by processing means of the electronic circuit (or hardware) type, like example the processor PR1, is suitable for implementing the monitoring method described above to monitor the operation of the first detector D1 of the vehicle V, which is responsible for measuring the current ibp circulating between the terminals of the main battery BP.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a monitoring method which is implemented in a vehicle comprising a main battery, which has terminals between which a current flows, and first and second detectors, which are capable of taking first and second measurements, respectively, of this current. This method comprises a step (10-40) in which at least one deviation value between the first and second measurements is determined and, when this deviation value is greater than a first chosen threshold, a temporary limitation is imposed on the electrical power supplied or received by the main battery.
Description
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE : SURVEILLANCE D’UN DÉTECTEUR DE COURANT CIRCULANT DANS UNE BATTERIE PRINCIPALE D’UN VÉHICULE TITLE: MONITORING A CURRENT DETECTOR CIRCULATING IN A MAIN BATTERY OF A VEHICLE
[0001] La présente invention revendique la priorité de la demande française N°2207756 déposée le 28.07.2022 dont le contenu (texte, dessins et revendications) est ici incorporé par référence. [0001] The present invention claims the priority of French application No. 2207756 filed on July 28, 2022, the content of which (text, drawings and claims) is here incorporated by reference.
Domaine technique de l’invention Technical field of the invention
[0002] L’invention concerne les véhicules comprenant une batterie principale alimentant électriquement une machine motrice électrique, et plus précisément la surveillance du courant qui est fourni ou reçu par cette batterie principale. [0002] The invention concerns vehicles comprising a main battery electrically supplying an electric motor machine, and more precisely the monitoring of the current which is supplied or received by this main battery.
Etat de la technique State of the art
[0003] Certains véhicules, éventuellement de type automobile, comprennent une batterie dite « principale » (ou de traction) chargée d’alimenter électriquement au moins une machine motrice électrique de leur groupe motopropulseur (ou GMP) et pouvant être rechargée par couplage temporaire à une source d’alimentation externe. [0003] Certain vehicles, possibly of the automobile type, include a so-called “main” (or traction) battery responsible for electrically powering at least one electric motor machine of their powertrain (or GMP) and which can be recharged by temporary coupling to an external power source.
[0004] Pour la sécurité du véhicule et de ses passagers, le courant qui circule entre les bornes de sa batterie principale (ou de traction) peut faire l’objet d’une surveillance permanente au moyen de deux détecteurs. Dans ce cas, on peut, par exemple, déterminer la moyenne des deux mesures du courant effectuées par les deux détecteurs, puis comparer cette moyenne à la valeur qui est attendue au regard de la situation de vie en cours dans le véhicule, et plus précisément au regard du courant que doit fournir ou recevoir la batterie principale à l’instant considéré. On notera qu’au lieu de déterminer la valeur moyenne des deux mesures de courant, on peut retenir seulement la valeur maximale des deux mesures de courant.
[0005] En raison de l’importance que revêt la mesure du courant, les deux détecteurs doivent être très précis. Par conséquent, il s’agit généralement de détecteurs ampérométriques de type dit « shunt ». Il est rappelé que ce type de détecteur permet d’effectuer des mesures de courant alternatif (AC) ou continu (DC), et comprenant un conducteur installé dans le circuit comprenant la batterie principale sans séparation galvanique, de faible résistance, très précis, et constitué généralement de constantan ou de manganin (alliage de cuivre, nickel et manganèse), ce qui lui assure une très grande stabilité thermique. Il suffit donc de mesurer la tension aux bornes de ce détecteur pour connaître la valeur du courant qui le traverse (par application de la loi d’Ohm). [0004] For the safety of the vehicle and its passengers, the current which flows between the terminals of its main (or traction) battery can be the subject of permanent monitoring by means of two detectors. In this case, we can, for example, determine the average of the two current measurements carried out by the two detectors, then compare this average to the value which is expected with regard to the current life situation in the vehicle, and more precisely with regard to the current that the main battery must supply or receive at the moment in question. Note that instead of determining the average value of the two current measurements, we can only retain the maximum value of the two current measurements. [0005] Due to the importance of current measurement, the two detectors must be very precise. Consequently, these are generally amperometric detectors of the so-called “shunt” type. It is recalled that this type of detector makes it possible to carry out measurements of alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), and comprising a conductor installed in the circuit comprising the main battery without galvanic separation, of low resistance, very precise, and generally made of constantan or manganin (an alloy of copper, nickel and manganese), which ensures very high thermal stability. It is therefore sufficient to measure the voltage across this detector to know the value of the current flowing through it (by application of Ohm's law).
[0006] Un inconvénient de la solution actuelle réside dans le fait que l’un au moins des deux détecteurs peut s’avérer défaillant, alors même que la valeur moyenne des deux mesures du courant ou la valeur maximale des deux mesures de courant correspond sensiblement à ce qui est attendu. [0006] A disadvantage of the current solution lies in the fact that at least one of the two detectors may prove to be faulty, even though the average value of the two current measurements or the maximum value of the two current measurements corresponds substantially to what is expected.
[0007] De plus, les détecteurs ampérométriques de type shunt sont onéreux et donc la mise en œuvre de la fonction de surveillance du courant mesuré dans un véhicule induit une augmentation de son coût. [0007] Furthermore, shunt type amperometric detectors are expensive and therefore the implementation of the function of monitoring the current measured in a vehicle leads to an increase in its cost.
[0008] L’invention a donc notamment pour but d’améliorer la situation. [0008] The invention therefore aims in particular to improve the situation.
Présentation de l’invention Presentation of the invention
[0009] Elle propose notamment à cet effet un procédé de surveillance destiné à être mis en œuvre dans un véhicule comprenant une batterie principale ayant des bornes entre lesquelles circule un courant, et des premier et second détecteurs propres à effectuer respectivement des premières et secondes mesures de ce courant. [0009] To this end, it proposes in particular a monitoring method intended to be implemented in a vehicle comprising a main battery having terminals between which a current flows, and first and second detectors capable of carrying out first and second measurements respectively. of this current.
[0010] Ce procédé de surveillance se caractérise par le fait qu’il comprend une étape dans laquelle on détermine au moins une valeur d’écart entre les première et seconde mesures, et lorsque cette valeur
d’écart est supérieure à un premier seuil choisi on impose une limitation temporaire d’une puissance électrique fournie ou reçue par la batterie principale. [0010] This monitoring method is characterized by the fact that it comprises a step in which at least one difference value is determined between the first and second measurements, and when this value difference is greater than a first chosen threshold, a temporary limitation is imposed on the electrical power supplied or received by the main battery.
[0011] Grâce à l’invention, on peut désormais savoir si l’un au moins des premier et second détecteurs a un problème de fonctionnement, et donc agir en conséquence (au moins en limitant la puissance électrique fournie ou reçue par la batterie principale), ce qui permet d’améliorer la sécurité du véhicule et de ses passagers. [0011] Thanks to the invention, we can now know if at least one of the first and second detectors has an operating problem, and therefore act accordingly (at least by limiting the electrical power supplied or received by the main battery ), which improves the safety of the vehicle and its passengers.
[0012] Le procédé de surveillance selon l’invention peut comporter d’autres caractéristiques qui peuvent être prises séparément ou en combinaison, et notamment : [0012] The monitoring method according to the invention may include other characteristics which can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
[0013] - dans son étape, on peut imposer temporairement la limitation lorsque des valeurs d’écart successives sont supérieures au premier seuil pendant une durée supérieure à un deuxième seuil choisi ; [0013] - in its step, the limitation can be temporarily imposed when successive deviation values are greater than the first threshold for a duration greater than a second chosen threshold;
[0014] - en présence de la première option, dans son étape, le deuxième seuil peut être compris entre 100 ms et 500 ms ; [0014] - in the presence of the first option, in its step, the second threshold can be between 100 ms and 500 ms;
[0015] - dans son étape le premier seuil peut être compris entre 40 A et 50 A ; [0015] - in its stage the first threshold can be between 40 A and 50 A;
[0016] - dans son étape la limitation peut consister soit en une réduction progressive de la puissance électrique fournie jusqu’à une première valeur choisie sur une première durée choisie lorsqu’une machine motrice électrique, équipant le véhicule et alimentée en énergie électrique par la batterie principale, doit fournir un couple de sortie positif, soit en une réduction progressive de la puissance électrique reçue jusqu’à une deuxième valeur choisie sur une deuxième durée choisie lorsque la machine motrice électrique doit fournir un couple de sortie négatif, soit en une réduction à une troisième valeur choisie d’un courant de recharge maximal pouvant alimenter la batterie principale, après écoulement d’une troisième durée choisie ; [0016] - in its step the limitation can consist either of a progressive reduction of the electrical power supplied up to a first value chosen over a first duration chosen when an electric motor machine, fitted to the vehicle and supplied with electrical energy by the main battery, must provide a positive output torque, either in a progressive reduction of the electrical power received up to a second chosen value over a second chosen duration when the electric motor machine must provide a negative output torque, or in a reduction to a third chosen value of a maximum recharge current capable of supplying the main battery, after the expiration of a third chosen duration;
[0017] - dans son étape, en cas d’imposition temporaire de la limitation, on peut aussi effectuer dans le véhicule au moins une action
complémentaire choisie parmi une génération d’une alerte d’un usager du véhicule requérant un arrêt du véhicule, un enregistrement d’au moins un code défaut représentatif d’un problème de fonctionnement de l’un au moins des premier et second détecteurs, et un isolement électrique de la batterie principale ; [0017] - in its stage, in the event of temporary imposition of the limitation, at least one action can also be carried out in the vehicle complementary chosen from a generation of an alert from a user of the vehicle requiring a stop of the vehicle, a recording of at least one fault code representative of an operating problem of at least one of the first and second detectors, and electrical isolation of the main battery;
[0018] - dans son étape, le premier détecteur peut être de type ampérométrique et peut offrir un premier niveau de précision, et le second détecteur peut être de type ampérométrique et peut offrir un second niveau de précision qui est strictement inférieur au premier niveau de précision. [0018] - in its step, the first detector can be of the amperometric type and can offer a first level of precision, and the second detector can be of the amperometric type and can offer a second level of precision which is strictly lower than the first level of precision. precision.
[0019] L’invention propose également un produit programme d’ordinateur comprenant un jeu d’instructions qui, lorsqu’il est exécuté par des moyens de traitement, est propre à mettre en œuvre un procédé de surveillance du type de celui présenté ci-avant pour surveiller, dans un véhicule comprenant une batterie principale ayant des bornes entre lesquelles circule un courant, et des premier et second détecteurs propres à effectuer respectivement des premières et secondes mesures de ce courant, le fonctionnement de ce premier détecteur. [0019] The invention also proposes a computer program product comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by processing means, is capable of implementing a monitoring method of the type presented below. before to monitor, in a vehicle comprising a main battery having terminals between which a current flows, and first and second detectors capable of carrying out first and second measurements of this current respectively, the operation of this first detector.
[0020] L’invention propose également un dispositif de surveillance destiné à équiper un véhicule comprenant une batterie principale ayant des bornes entre lesquelles circule un courant, et des premier et second détecteurs propres à effectuer respectivement des premières et secondes mesures de ce courant. [0020] The invention also proposes a monitoring device intended to equip a vehicle comprising a main battery having terminals between which a current flows, and first and second detectors capable of carrying out respectively first and second measurements of this current.
[0021] Ce dispositif de surveillance se caractérise par le fait qu’il comprend au moins un processeur et au moins une mémoire agencés pour effectuer les opérations consistant à déterminer au moins une valeur d’écart entre les première et seconde mesures, et lorsque cette valeur d’écart est supérieure à un premier seuil choisi à déclencher une imposition d’une limitation temporaire d’une puissance électrique fournie ou reçue par la batterie principale.
[0022] L’invention propose également un véhicule, éventuellement de type automobile, et comprenant, d’une part, une batterie principale ayant des bornes entre lesquelles circule un premier courant, et des premier et second détecteurs propres à effectuer respectivement des premières et secondes mesures du premier courant, et, d’autre part, un dispositif de surveillance du type de celui présenté ci-avant. [0021] This monitoring device is characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one processor and at least one memory arranged to carry out the operations consisting of determining at least one difference value between the first and second measurements, and when this deviation value is greater than a first threshold chosen to trigger an imposition of a temporary limitation of an electrical power supplied or received by the main battery. [0022] The invention also proposes a vehicle, possibly of the automobile type, and comprising, on the one hand, a main battery having terminals between which a first current flows, and first and second detectors capable of performing respectively first and second measurements of the first current, and, on the other hand, a monitoring device of the type presented above.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
[0023] D’autres caractéristiques et avantages de l’invention apparaîtront à l’examen de la description détaillée ci-après, et des dessins annexés, sur lesquels : Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on examination of the detailed description below, and the appended drawings, in which:
[0024] [Fig. 1] illustre schématiquement et fonctionnellement un exemple de réalisation d’un véhicule comprenant un GMP, à machine motrice électrique alimentée par une batterie principale, et un dispositif de surveillance selon l’invention, [0024] [Fig. 1] illustrates schematically and functionally an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle comprising a GMP, with an electric motor powered by a main battery, and a monitoring device according to the invention,
[0025] [Fig. 2] illustre schématiquement et fonctionnellement un exemple de réalisation d’un boîtier de batterie, couplé à une batterie principale et comprenant un exemple de réalisation d’un calculateur de batterie comportant un dispositif de surveillance selon l’invention, et[0025] [Fig. 2] illustrates schematically and functionally an exemplary embodiment of a battery box, coupled to a main battery and comprising an exemplary embodiment of a battery calculator comprising a monitoring device according to the invention, and
[0026] [Fig. 3] illustre schématiquement un exemple d’algorithme mettant en œuvre un procédé de surveillance selon l’invention. [0026] [Fig. 3] schematically illustrates an example of an algorithm implementing a monitoring method according to the invention.
Description détaillée de l’invention Detailed description of the invention
[0027] L’invention a notamment pour but de proposer un procédé de surveillance, et un dispositif de surveillance DS associé, destinés à permettre une surveillance permanente d’un premier détecteur D1 mesurant le courant ibp circulant entre les bornes d’une batterie principale (ou de traction) BP d’un véhicule V. [0027] The invention aims in particular to propose a monitoring method, and an associated monitoring device DS, intended to allow permanent monitoring of a first detector D1 measuring the current ibp circulating between the terminals of a main battery (or traction) BP of a vehicle V.
[0028] Dans ce qui suit, on considère, à titre d’exemple non limitatif, que le véhicule V est de type automobile. Il s’agit par exemple d’une voiture, comme illustré sur la figure 1 . Mais l’invention n’est pas limitée à ce type de véhicule. Elle concerne en effet tout type de véhicule
comprenant une batterie principale (ou de traction) rechargeable et couplée à un groupe motopropulseur (ou GMP) comportant au moins une machine motrice électrique. Ainsi, elle concerne, par exemple, les véhicules terrestres (véhicules utilitaires, camping-cars, minibus, cars, camions, motocyclettes, engins de voirie, engins de chantier, engins agricoles, engins de loisir (motoneige, kart), et engins à chenille(s), par exemple), les bateaux et les aéronefs. In what follows, we consider, by way of non-limiting example, that the vehicle V is of the automobile type. This is for example a car, as illustrated in Figure 1. But the invention is not limited to this type of vehicle. In fact, it concerns all types of vehicles. comprising a rechargeable main (or traction) battery and coupled to a powertrain (or GMP) comprising at least one electric driving machine. Thus, it concerns, for example, land vehicles (utility vehicles, motorhomes, minibuses, coaches, trucks, motorcycles, road machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, leisure machinery (snowmobile, kart), and road machinery. caterpillar(s), for example), boats and aircraft.
[0029] Par ailleurs, on considère dans ce qui suit, à titre d’exemple non limitatif, que le véhicule V comprend un groupe motopropulseur (ou GMP) de type tout électrique (et donc dont la motricité est assurée exclusivement par au moins une machine motrice électrique MME). Mais le GMP pourrait être de type hybride (thermique et électrique) ou purement thermique. [0029] Furthermore, we consider in what follows, by way of non-limiting example, that the vehicle V comprises a powertrain (or GMP) of all-electric type (and therefore whose traction is ensured exclusively by at least one electric driving machine MME). But the GMP could be of hybrid type (thermal and electric) or purely thermal.
[0030] On a schématiquement représenté sur la figure 1 un véhicule V comprenant une chaîne de transmission à GMP électrique (et donc à machine motrice électrique MME), un réseau de bord RB, une batterie de servitude BS, une batterie principale (ou de traction) BP associée à un calculateur de batterie CB, un convertisseur CV, et un dispositif de surveillance DS selon l’invention. [0030] We have schematically represented in Figure 1 a vehicle V comprising a transmission chain with electric GMP (and therefore with an electric driving machine MME), an on-board network RB, a service battery BS, a main battery (or traction) BP associated with a CB battery calculator, a CV converter, and a DS monitoring device according to the invention.
[0031] Le réseau de bord RB est un réseau d’alimentation électrique auquel sont couplés des équipements (ou organes) électriques (ou électroniques) qui consomment de l’énergie électrique. The on-board network RB is an electrical supply network to which electrical (or electronic) equipment (or components) which consume electrical energy are coupled.
[0032] La chaîne de transmission a un GMP qui est, ici, purement électrique et donc qui comprend, notamment, une machine motrice électrique MME, un arbre moteur AM, et un arbre de transmission AT. On entend ici par « machine motrice électrique » une machine électrique agencée de manière à fournir du couple pour déplacer le véhicule V lorsqu’elle est alimentée en énergie électrique (on parle alors de fourniture d’un couple de sortie positif), ainsi qu’éventuellement à récupérer du couple dans la chaîne de transmission (on parle alors de fourniture d’un couple de sortie négatif).
[0033] Le fonctionnement du GMP (et donc de la machine motrice électrique MME) est supervisé par un calculateur de supervision CS. The transmission chain has a GMP which is, here, purely electric and therefore which comprises, in particular, an electric driving machine MME, a motor shaft AM, and a transmission shaft AT. Here we mean "electric driving machine" an electric machine arranged so as to provide torque to move the vehicle V when it is supplied with electrical energy (we then speak of providing a positive output torque), as well as possibly to recover torque in the transmission chain (we then speak of providing a negative output torque). [0033] The operation of the GMP (and therefore of the electric motor machine MME) is supervised by a supervision computer CS.
[0034] La machine motrice électrique MME (ici un moteur électrique) est couplée à la batterie principale (ou de traction) BP, afin d’être alimentée en énergie électrique, ainsi qu’éventuellement d’alimenter cette batterie principale BP en énergie électrique, notamment lors d’une récupération de couple. [0034] The electric driving machine MME (here an electric motor) is coupled to the main (or traction) battery BP, in order to be supplied with electrical energy, as well as possibly to supply this main battery BP with electrical energy , especially during torque recovery.
[0035] Par ailleurs, cette machine motrice électrique MME est couplée à l’arbre moteur AM, pour lui fournir par entraînement en rotation un couple de sortie fonction d’une consigne de couple définie par le calculateur de supervision CS. Cet arbre moteur AM est ici couplé à un réducteur RD qui est aussi couplé à l’arbre de transmission AT, lui- même couplé à un premier train T1 (ici de roues), de préférence via un différentiel DF. [0035] Furthermore, this electric motor machine MME is coupled to the motor shaft AM, to provide it by rotational drive with an output torque depending on a torque setpoint defined by the supervision computer CS. This motor shaft AM is here coupled to a reduction gear RD which is also coupled to the transmission shaft AT, itself coupled to a first train T1 (here of wheels), preferably via a differential DF.
[0036] Ce premier train T1 est ici situé dans la partie avant PW du véhicule V. Mais dans une variante ce premier train T1 pourrait être celui qui est ici référencé T2 et qui est situé dans la partie arrière PRV du véhicule V. This first train T1 is here located in the front part PW of the vehicle V. But in a variant this first train T1 could be the one which is here referenced T2 and which is located in the rear part PRV of the vehicle V.
[0037] La batterie de servitude BS est chargée de fournir de l’énergie électrique au réseau de bord RB, en complément, ici, de celle fournie par le convertisseur CV alimenté par la batterie principale BP, et parfois à la place, ici, de ce convertisseur CV. Par exemple, cette batterie de servitude BS peut être agencée sous la forme d’une batterie de type très basse tension (typiquement 12 V, 24 V ou 48 V). Elle est rechargeable au moins par le convertisseur (de courant) CV. On considère dans ce qui suit, à titre d’exemple non limitatif, que la batterie de servitude BS est de type Lithium-ion 12 V. [0037] The utility battery BS is responsible for supplying electrical energy to the on-board network RB, in addition, here, to that supplied by the CV converter powered by the main battery BP, and sometimes instead, here, of this CV converter. For example, this BS utility battery can be arranged in the form of a very low voltage type battery (typically 12 V, 24 V or 48 V). It is rechargeable at least via the CV (current) converter. We consider in the following, by way of non-limiting example, that the BS utility battery is of the 12 V Lithium-ion type.
[0038] Dans l’exemple illustré non limitativement sur la figure 1 la batterie principale BP est adaptée non seulement aux recharges en mode 2 ou 3, mais aussi aux recharges en mode 4, sous le contrôle d’un calculateur CC associé au convertisseur CV.
[0039] Il est rappelé que dans une recharge en mode 2 ou 3, la batterie principale BP est rechargeable en courant continu par le convertisseur CV, après une conversion AC/DC (par exemple de 220 V AC (courant alternatif) vers 450 V DC (courant continu)), lorsque ce convertisseur CV a été temporairement couplé à une source d’alimentation externe, via un câble de recharge préalablement connecté à un connecteur de recharge CN du véhicule V. [0038] In the example illustrated non-limitatively in Figure 1 the main battery BP is suitable not only for recharges in mode 2 or 3, but also for recharges in mode 4, under the control of a CC calculator associated with the CV converter . [0039] It is recalled that in a recharge in mode 2 or 3, the main battery BP is rechargeable in direct current by the CV converter, after an AC/DC conversion (for example from 220 V AC (alternating current) to 450 V DC (direct current)), when this CV converter has been temporarily coupled to an external power source, via a charging cable previously connected to a CN charging connector of the vehicle V.
[0040] Il est également rappelé que dans une recharge en mode 4, la batterie principale BP est rechargeable en courant continu élevé (typiquement 125 A ou 250 A) qui est issu directement d’une source d’alimentation (en courant continu) externe, temporairement connectée via un câble de recharge au connecteur de recharge CN du véhicule V, sans conversion par le convertisseur CV. [0040] It is also recalled that in a recharge in mode 4, the main battery BP is rechargeable with high direct current (typically 125 A or 250 A) which comes directly from an external power source (direct current). , temporarily connected via a charging cable to the CN charging connector of vehicle V, without conversion by the CV converter.
[0041] La batterie principale (ou de traction) BP peut, par exemple, comprendre des cellules de stockage d’énergie électrique, éventuellement électrochimiques (par exemple de type lithium-ion (ou Li-ion) ou Ni-Mh ou Ni-Cd). Egalement par exemple, la batterie principale BP peut être de type basse tension (typiquement 450 V à titre illustratif). Mais elle pourrait être de type moyenne tension ou haute tension. [0041] The main (or traction) battery BP can, for example, comprise electrical energy storage cells, possibly electrochemical (for example of the lithium-ion (or Li-ion) or Ni-Mh or Ni-type). CD). Also for example, the main BP battery can be of the low voltage type (typically 450 V for illustration purposes). But it could be medium voltage or high voltage.
[0042] Par ailleurs, la batterie principale BP est associée à un boîtier de batterie BB qui comprend, ici, au moins un dispositif d’isolement DI, des moyens de mesure de tension/courant (partiellement illustrés), et notamment des premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs de courant, et le calculateur de batterie CB. Ces premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs sont propres à effectuer respectivement, et de préférence périodiquement, des premières mc1 et secondes mc2 mesures du courant ibp qui circule entre les bornes de la batterie principale BP. [0042] Furthermore, the main battery BP is associated with a battery box BB which comprises, here, at least one isolation device DI, voltage/current measuring means (partially illustrated), and in particular first D1 and second D2 current detectors, and the CB battery calculator. These first D1 and second D2 detectors are capable of carrying out respectively, and preferably periodically, first mc1 and second mc2 measurements of the current ibp which circulates between the terminals of the main battery BP.
[0043] Le dispositif d’isolement DI est agencé de manière à isoler la batterie principale BP du convertisseur CV et/ou du connecteur de recharge CN et/ou de la machine motrice MME, lorsque le calculateur de batterie CB le demande. Par exemple, et comme illustré non
limitativement sur la figure 2, ce dispositif d’isolement DI peut comprendre des fusibles de protection F2 et F3 et des contacteurs (ou interrupteurs) Kj à base de MOSFET(s) pouvant prendre chacun un état ouvert (ou non passant) et un état fermé (ou passant). Dans l’exemple illustré non limitativement sur la figure 2 le dispositif d’isolement DI comprend cinq contacteurs (ou interrupteurs) K1 à K5 (j = 1 à 5). The isolation device DI is arranged so as to isolate the main battery BP from the CV converter and/or from the charging connector CN and/or from the prime mover MME, when the battery calculator CB requests it. For example, and as illustrated no limitedly in Figure 2, this isolation device DI can include protection fuses F2 and F3 and contactors (or switches) Kj based on MOSFET(s) which can each take an open (or non-conducting) state and a state closed (or passing). In the example illustrated non-limitingly in Figure 2, the isolation device DI comprises five contactors (or switches) K1 to K5 (j = 1 to 5).
[0044] Le calculateur de batterie CB centralise les mesures de tension et de courant et détermine des paramètres en cours de la batterie principale BP en fonction de ces mesures, et notamment sa résistance interne, sa tension minimale et son état de charge (ou SOC (« State Of Charge »)). Par ailleurs, le calculateur de batterie CB échange des informations avec le calculateur de supervision CS du GMP et avec le calculateur CC associé au convertisseur CV (notamment pour les recharges en mode 4). The battery calculator CB centralizes the voltage and current measurements and determines current parameters of the main battery BP based on these measurements, and in particular its internal resistance, its minimum voltage and its state of charge (or SOC). (“State Of Charge”). Furthermore, the CB battery calculator exchanges information with the GMP CS supervision calculator and with the CC calculator associated with the CV converter (in particular for recharges in mode 4).
[0045] On notera, comme illustré non limitativement sur la figure 1 , que le convertisseur CV peut faire partie d’un chargeur CH connecté électriquement au connecteur de recharge CN et comprenant le calculateur CC chargé au sein de son véhicule V de contrôler la recharge de la batterie principale BP, quel qu’en soit le mode. [0045] It will be noted, as illustrated without limitation in Figure 1, that the CV converter can be part of a charger CH electrically connected to the charging connector CN and comprising the CC calculator responsible within its vehicle V for controlling the charging of the main BP battery, whatever the mode.
[0046] On notera également que dans l’exemple illustré non limitativement sur la figure 1 le véhicule V comprend aussi un boîtier de distribution BD auquel sont couplés la batterie de servitude BS, le convertisseur CV et le réseau de bord RB. Ce boîtier de distribution BD est chargé de distribuer dans le réseau de bord RB l’énergie électrique stockée dans la batterie de servitude BS ou produite par le convertisseur CV, pour l’alimentation des organes (ou équipements) électriques couplés au réseau de bord RB en fonction de demandes d’alimentation reçues (notamment du calculateur de supervision CS du GMP). [0046] It will also be noted that in the example illustrated non-limitingly in Figure 1, the vehicle V also includes a distribution box BD to which the utility battery BS, the CV converter and the on-board network RB are coupled. This distribution box BD is responsible for distributing in the on-board network RB the electrical energy stored in the utility battery BS or produced by the converter CV, for powering the electrical components (or equipment) coupled to the on-board network RB depending on power requests received (in particular from the GMP CS supervision computer).
[0047] Comme évoqué plus haut, l’invention propose notamment un procédé de surveillance destiné à permettre la surveillance
permanente du premier détecteur D1 mesurant le courant ibp circulant entre les bornes de la batterie principale BP du véhicule V. [0047] As mentioned above, the invention proposes in particular a monitoring method intended to enable monitoring permanent of the first detector D1 measuring the current ibp circulating between the terminals of the main battery BP of the vehicle V.
[0048] Ce procédé (de surveillance) peut être mis en œuvre au moins partiellement par le dispositif de surveillance DS (illustré au moins partiellement sur les figures 1 et 2) qui comprend à cet effet au moins un processeur PR1 , par exemple de signal numérique (ou DSP (« Digital Signal Processor »)), et au moins une mémoire MD. Ce dispositif de surveillance DS peut donc être réalisé sous la forme d’une combinaison de circuits ou composants électriques ou électroniques (ou « hardware ») et de modules logiciels (ou « software »). A titre d’exemple, il peut s’agir d’un microcontrôleur. This (monitoring) method can be implemented at least partially by the monitoring device DS (illustrated at least partially in Figures 1 and 2) which comprises for this purpose at least one processor PR1, for example signal processor digital signal processor (or DSP), and at least one MD memory. This DS monitoring device can therefore be produced in the form of a combination of electrical or electronic circuits or components (or “hardware”) and software modules (or “software”). For example, it can be a microcontroller.
[0049] La mémoire MD est vive afin de stocker des instructions pour la mise en œuvre par le processeur PR1 d’une partie au moins du procédé de surveillance. Le processeur PR1 peut comprendre des circuits intégrés (ou imprimés), ou bien plusieurs circuits intégrés (ou imprimés) reliés par des connections filaires ou non filaires. On entend par circuit intégré (ou imprimé) tout type de dispositif apte à effectuer au moins une opération électrique ou électronique. The memory MD is RAM in order to store instructions for the implementation by the processor PR1 of at least part of the monitoring process. The processor PR1 may include integrated (or printed) circuits, or several integrated (or printed) circuits connected by wired or non-wired connections. By integrated (or printed) circuit we mean any type of device capable of performing at least one electrical or electronic operation.
[0050] Dans l’exemple illustré non limitativement sur les figures 1 et 2, le dispositif de surveillance DS fait partie du calculateur de batterie CB. Cela est avantageux car c’est ce dernier (CB) qui utilise les premières mc1 et secondes mc2 mesures fournies respectivement par les premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs. Mais cela n’est pas obligatoire. En effet, le dispositif de surveillance DS pourrait comprendre son propre calculateur dédié, lequel est alors couplé au calculateur de batterie CB, ou bien pourrait faire partie d’un autre calculateur embarqué que ce dernier (CB), comme par exemple le calculateur de supervision CS. [0050] In the example illustrated without limitation in Figures 1 and 2, the monitoring device DS is part of the battery calculator CB. This is advantageous because it is the latter (CB) which uses the first mc1 and second mc2 measurements provided respectively by the first D1 and second D2 detectors. But this is not obligatory. Indeed, the monitoring device DS could include its own dedicated computer, which is then coupled to the battery computer CB, or could be part of another on-board computer than the latter (CB), such as for example the supervision computer CS.
[0051] Comme illustré non limitativement sur la figure 3, le procédé (de surveillance), selon l’invention, comprend une étape 10-40 qui est mise en œuvre lorsque la batterie principale (ou de traction) BP reçoit
ou fournit du courant (et donc au moins pendant les phases de roulage et les phases de recharge). [0051] As illustrated without limitation in Figure 3, the (monitoring) method, according to the invention, comprises a step 10-40 which is implemented when the main (or traction) battery BP receives or supplies current (and therefore at least during the driving phases and the charging phases).
[0052] L’étape 10-40 du procédé comprend une sous-étape 10 dans laquelle on (le dispositif de surveillance DS) commence par déterminer au moins une valeur d’écart ve entre les première mc1 et seconde mc2 mesures effectuées sensiblement en même temps et respectivement par les premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs. [0052] Step 10-40 of the method comprises a sub-step 10 in which (the monitoring device DS) begins by determining at least one difference value ve between the first mc1 and second mc2 measurements carried out substantially at the same time. time and respectively by the first D1 and second D2 detectors.
[0053] L’étape 10-40 du procédé comprend ensuite une sous-étape 20 dans laquelle on impose une (le dispositif de surveillance DS déclenche l’imposition d’une) limitation temporaire de la puissance électrique fournie ou reçue par la batterie principale BP lorsque cette valeur d’écart ve est supérieure à un premier seuil s1 choisi. [0053] Step 10-40 of the method then comprises a sub-step 20 in which a (the monitoring device DS triggers the imposition of a) temporary limitation of the electrical power supplied or received by the main battery is imposed. BP when this deviation value ve is greater than a first chosen threshold s1.
[0054] On considère en effet qu’il est impossible qu’une valeur d’écart ve supérieure au premier seuil s1 puisse être obtenue lorsque les premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs fonctionnent correctement. Par conséquent, chaque fois que la valeur d’écart ve est supérieure au premier seuil s1 c’est que l’un au moins des premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs a un problème de fonctionnement, et donc on agit en conséquence, au moins en imposant temporairement une limitation choisie de la puissance électrique fournie ou reçue par la batterie principale BP, car au moins l’une des première mc1 et seconde mc2 mesures n’est pas fiable. Il y a en effet un risque que le calculateur de batterie CB et/ou le calculateur de supervision CS prenne(nt) des décisions potentiellement inadaptées. [0054] We consider in fact that it is impossible for a deviation value ve greater than the first threshold s1 to be obtained when the first D1 and second D2 detectors are operating correctly. Consequently, each time the deviation value ve is greater than the first threshold s1 it is because at least one of the first D1 and second D2 detectors has an operating problem, and therefore we act accordingly, at least in temporarily imposing a chosen limitation of the electrical power supplied or received by the main battery BP, because at least one of the first mc1 and second mc2 measurements is not reliable. There is indeed a risk that the CB battery calculator and/or the CS supervision calculator will make potentially inappropriate decisions.
[0055] Grâce à cette surveillance du fonctionnement du premier détecteur D1 par comparaison des premières mesures mc1 qu’il délivre aux secondes mesures mc2 délivrées par le second détecteur D2, on peut désormais savoir si l’un au moins des premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs a un problème de fonctionnement, et donc agir en conséquence (au moins en limitant la puissance électrique fournie ou reçue par la batterie principale BP). Cela permet d’améliorer la
sécurité du véhicule V et de ses passagers, mais aussi de personnes externes amenées à intervenir sur ce véhicule V lors d’un accident. [0055] Thanks to this monitoring of the operation of the first detector D1 by comparison of the first measurements mc1 which it delivers to the second measurements mc2 delivered by the second detector D2, we can now know whether at least one of the first D1 and second D2 detectors has an operating problem, and therefore act accordingly (at least by limiting the electrical power supplied or received by the main BP battery). This makes it possible to improve the safety of the vehicle V and its passengers, but also of external people required to intervene on this vehicle V during an accident.
[0056] On comprendra que dans la sous-étape 20, lorsque la valeur d’écart ve est inférieure au premier seuil s1 , on considère qu’il n’y a pas de problème de fonctionnement des premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs, et donc on retourne effectuer la sous-étape 10 en utilisant de nouvelles première mc1 et seconde mc2 mesures. It will be understood that in substep 20, when the deviation value ve is less than the first threshold s1, it is considered that there is no operating problem for the first D1 and second D2 detectors, and therefore we return to carry out sub-step 10 using new first mc1 and second mc2 measurements.
[0057] A titre d’exemple, chaque valeur d’écart ve peut être égale à la valeur absolue de l’écart em entre les première mc1 et seconde mc2 mesures (soit ve = |em| = |mc2 - mc11). Cela permet de tenir compte des écarts positifs comme des écarts négatifs. Mais dans une variante de réalisation on pourrait ne tenir compte que des écarts positifs (à savoir (mc2 - mc1 ) > 0 ou bien que des écarts négatifs (à savoir (mc1 - mc2) > 0). [0057] For example, each difference value ve can be equal to the absolute value of the difference em between the first mc1 and second mc2 measurements (i.e. ve = |em| = |mc2 - mc11). This makes it possible to take into account both positive and negative deviations. But in a variant embodiment we could take into account only the positive differences (namely (mc2 - mc1) > 0 or only the negative differences (namely (mc1 - mc2) > 0).
[0058] Par exemple, le premier seuil s1 peut être compris entre 40 A et 50 A. A titre d’exemple illustratif, le premier seuil s1 peut être égal à 45 A. Mais d’autres valeurs de premier seuil s1 peuvent être utilisées, car cela dépend principalement des précisions respectives offertes par les premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs. Par exemple, la valeur du premier seuil s1 peut être choisie pendant la phase de mise au point du véhicule V. [0058] For example, the first threshold s1 can be between 40 A and 50 A. As an illustrative example, the first threshold s1 can be equal to 45 A. But other values of first threshold s1 can be used , because it mainly depends on the respective precisions offered by the first D1 and second D2 detectors. For example, the value of the first threshold s1 can be chosen during the development phase of the vehicle V.
[0059] Egalement par exemple, dans l’étape 10-40, on peut utiliser un premier détecteur D1 de type ampérométrique et offrant un premier niveau de précision et un second détecteur D2 également de type ampérométrique mais offrant un second niveau de précision qui est strictement inférieur au premier niveau de précision, mais dont la robustesse et la fiabilité sont supérieures à celles du premier détecteur D1. A cet effet, le premier détecteur D1 peut être de type shunt, et le second détecteur D2 peut être de type dit à effet Hall. Cela permet de réduire notablement le coût de la fonction de surveillance du courant ibp, et donc de réduire le coût du véhicule V, car moins le second détecteur D2 est précis, plus son coût est réduit.
[0060] Il est rappelé qu’un détecteur à effet Hall comprend un élément sensible à semi-conducteur, appelé cellule de Hall, et placé dans un circuit magnétique pour accroître sa sensibilité. Ce détecteur permet de mesurer un courant continu ou alternatif, mais est toutefois soumis aux effets de saturation du circuit magnétique, ce qui limite sa plage d’utilisation. [0059] Also for example, in step 10-40, it is possible to use a first detector D1 of the amperometric type and offering a first level of precision and a second detector D2 also of the amperometric type but offering a second level of precision which is strictly lower than the first level of precision, but whose robustness and reliability are greater than those of the first detector D1. For this purpose, the first detector D1 can be of the shunt type, and the second detector D2 can be of the so-called Hall effect type. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of the ibp current monitoring function, and therefore to reduce the cost of the vehicle V, because the less precise the second detector D2 is, the more its cost is reduced. It is recalled that a Hall effect detector comprises a sensitive semiconductor element, called a Hall cell, and placed in a magnetic circuit to increase its sensitivity. This detector can measure direct or alternating current, but is however subject to the effects of saturation of the magnetic circuit, which limits its range of use.
[0061] On notera que l’un au moins des premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs peut être différent des types shunt et à effet Hall mentionnés ci-dessus. Notamment, le second détecteur D2 pourrait être de type dit de Rogowski ou de type transformateur de courant, par exemple et non limitativement. [0061] It will be noted that at least one of the first D1 and second D2 detectors may be different from the shunt and Hall effect types mentioned above. In particular, the second detector D2 could be of the so-called Rogowski type or of the current transformer type, for example and not limited to.
[0062] Egalement par exemple, et comme illustré non limitativement sur la figure 3, dans la sous-étape 30 de l’étape 10-40 on peut imposer (le dispositif de surveillance DS peut déclencher l’imposition de) la limitation temporaire lorsque des valeurs d’écart ve successives sont supérieures au premier seuil s1 pendant une durée qui est supérieure à un deuxième seuil s2 choisi. Cette option permet d’éviter de prendre en compte une unique valeur d’écart ve erronée ou ponctuellement anormale (par rapport aux autres valeurs d’écart ve déterminées juste avant ou juste après) qui provoquerait la réalisation immédiate d’une action principale (à savoir le déclenchement de la limitation temporaire). [0062] Also for example, and as illustrated non-limitatively in Figure 3, in sub-step 30 of step 10-40 it is possible to impose (the monitoring device DS can trigger the imposition of) the temporary limitation when successive deviation values ve are greater than the first threshold s1 for a duration which is greater than a second chosen threshold s2. This option makes it possible to avoid taking into account a single erroneous or occasionally abnormal ve deviation value (compared to the other ve deviation values determined just before or just after) which would cause the immediate execution of a main action (at know the triggering of the temporary limitation).
[0063] Par exemple, le deuxième seuil s2 peut être compris entre 100 ms et 500 ms. A titre d’exemple illustratif, le deuxième seuil s2 peut être égal à 300 ms. Mais d’autres valeurs de deuxième seuil s2 peuvent être utilisées. Par exemple, la valeur du deuxième seuil s2 peut être choisie pendant la phase de mise au point du véhicule V. [0063] For example, the second threshold s2 can be between 100 ms and 500 ms. As an illustrative example, the second threshold s2 can be equal to 300 ms. But other values of second threshold s2 can be used. For example, the value of the second threshold s2 can be chosen during the development phase of the vehicle V.
[0064] Afin de déterminer la durée d’un problème de valeur d’écart ve (et donc d’un problème de fonctionnement de l’un au moins des premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs), on (le dispositif de surveillance DS) peut déclencher dans la sous-étape 20 une première temporisation égale à la durée du deuxième seuil s2 dès que la valeur
d’écart ve devient supérieure au premier seuil s1 pour une première fois. Lorsque cette durée du deuxième seuil s2 expire (et que l’on a toujours ve > s1 ), on décide dans la sous-étape 30 d’au moins déclencher la limitation temporaire. Si la valeur d’écart ve redevient inférieure au premier seuil s1 avant l’expiration de la durée du deuxième seuil s2, on (le dispositif de surveillance DS) retourne effectuer la sous-étape 10. [0064] In order to determine the duration of a deviation value problem ve (and therefore of an operating problem of at least one of the first D1 and second D2 detectors), we (the monitoring device DS) can trigger in sub-step 20 a first time delay equal to the duration of the second threshold s2 as soon as the value deviation ve becomes greater than the first threshold s1 for the first time. When this duration of the second threshold s2 expires (and we still have ve > s1), we decide in substep 30 to at least trigger the temporary limitation. If the deviation value ve becomes lower than the first threshold s1 again before the expiration of the duration of the second threshold s2, we (the monitoring device DS) returns to carry out substep 10.
[0065] Egalement par exemple, et comme illustré non limitativement sur la figure 3, dans la sous-étape 30 de l’étape 10-40, la limitation imposée peut dépendre de la situation de vie en cours du véhicule V, et plus précisément s’il est dans une phase de roulage dans laquelle sa machine motrice électrique MME doit fournir un couple de sortie positif, ou s’il est dans une phase de roulage dans laquelle sa machine motrice électrique MME doit fournir un couple de sortie négatif, ou encore s’il est dans une phase de recharge de sa batterie principale BP (après couplage de son connecteur de recharge CN à une source d’alimentation externe). [0065] Also for example, and as illustrated without limitation in Figure 3, in sub-step 30 of step 10-40, the limitation imposed may depend on the current life situation of the vehicle V, and more precisely if it is in a driving phase in which its electric driving machine MME must provide a positive output torque, or if it is in a driving phase in which its electric driving machine MME must provide a negative output torque, or again if it is in a phase of recharging its main battery BP (after coupling its charging connector CN to an external power source).
[0066] Dans le cas d’une fourniture d’un couple de sortie positif, la limitation peut consister en une réduction progressive (éventuellement linéaire) de la puissance électrique fournie par la batterie principale BP jusqu’à une première valeur v1 choisie sur une première durée dr1 choisie. [0066] In the case of supplying a positive output torque, the limitation may consist of a progressive reduction (possibly linear) of the electrical power supplied by the main battery BP up to a first value v1 chosen on a first duration dr1 chosen.
[0067] Dans le cas d’une fourniture d’un couple de sortie négatif, la limitation peut consister en une réduction progressive (éventuellement linéaire) de la puissance électrique reçue par la batterie principale BP jusqu’à une deuxième valeur v2 choisie sur une deuxième durée dr2 choisie. [0067] In the case of supplying a negative output torque, the limitation may consist of a progressive reduction (possibly linear) of the electrical power received by the main battery BP up to a second value v2 chosen on a second duration dr2 chosen.
[0068] Dans une phase de recharge la limitation peut consister en une réduction à une troisième valeur v3 choisie d’un courant de recharge maximal irmax pouvant alimenter la batterie principale BP, après écoulement d’une troisième durée dr3 choisie.
[0069] Par exemple, la première valeur v1 peut être comprise entre 0 kW et +5 kW. A titre d’exemple illustratif, la première valeur v1 peut être égale à 0 kW. Mais d’autres valeurs de la première valeur v1 peuvent être utilisées. Par exemple, la valeur de la première valeur v1 peut être choisie pendant la phase de mise au point d’un véhicule similaire au véhicule V. [0068] In a recharge phase the limitation may consist of a reduction to a third chosen value v3 of a maximum recharge current irmax capable of supplying the main battery BP, after the expiration of a third chosen duration dr3. [0069] For example, the first value v1 can be between 0 kW and +5 kW. As an illustrative example, the first value v1 can be equal to 0 kW. But other values of the first value v1 can be used. For example, the value of the first value v1 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
[0070] Egalement par exemple, la première durée dr1 peut être comprise entre 30 secondes et 2 minutes. A titre d’exemple illustratif, la première durée dr1 peut être égale à 1 minute. Mais d’autres valeurs de la première durée dr1 peuvent être utilisées. Par exemple, la valeur de la première durée dr1 peut être choisie pendant la phase de mise au point d’un véhicule similaire au véhicule V. [0070] Also for example, the first duration dr1 can be between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. As an illustrative example, the first duration dr1 can be equal to 1 minute. But other values of the first duration dr1 can be used. For example, the value of the first duration dr1 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
[0071] Egalement par exemple, la deuxième valeur v2 peut être comprise entre -5 kW et 0 kW. A titre d’exemple illustratif, la deuxième valeur v2 peut être égale à 0 kW. Mais d’autres valeurs de la deuxième valeur v2 peuvent être utilisées. Par exemple, la valeur de la deuxième valeur v2 peut être choisie pendant la phase de mise au point d’un véhicule similaire au véhicule V. [0071] Also for example, the second value v2 can be between -5 kW and 0 kW. As an illustrative example, the second value v2 can be equal to 0 kW. But other values of the second value v2 can be used. For example, the value of the second value v2 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
[0072] Egalement par exemple, la deuxième durée dr2 peut être comprise entre 30 secondes et 2 minutes. A titre d’exemple illustratif, la deuxième durée dr2 peut être égale à 1 minute. Mais d’autres valeurs de la deuxième durée dr2 peuvent être utilisées. Par exemple, la valeur de la deuxième durée dr2 peut être choisie pendant la phase de mise au point d’un véhicule similaire au véhicule V. [0072] Also for example, the second duration dr2 can be between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. As an illustrative example, the second duration dr2 can be equal to 1 minute. But other values of the second duration dr2 can be used. For example, the value of the second duration dr2 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
[0073] Egalement par exemple, la troisième valeur v3 peut être comprise entre 0 A et 5 A. A titre d’exemple illustratif, la troisième valeur v3 peut être égale à 0 A. Mais d’autres valeurs de la troisième valeur v3 peuvent être utilisées. Par exemple, la valeur de la troisième valeur v3 peut être choisie pendant la phase de mise au point d’un véhicule similaire au véhicule V. [0073] Also for example, the third value v3 can be between 0 A and 5 A. As an illustrative example, the third value v3 can be equal to 0 A. But other values of the third value v3 can be used. For example, the value of the third value v3 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
[0074] Egalement par exemple, la troisième durée dr3 peut être comprise entre 30 secondes et 2 minutes. A titre d’exemple illustratif,
la troisième durée dr3 peut être égale à 1 minute. Mais d’autres valeurs de la troisième durée dr3 peuvent être utilisées. Par exemple, la valeur de la troisième durée dr3 peut être choisie pendant la phase de mise au point d’un véhicule similaire au véhicule V. [0074] Also for example, the third duration dr3 can be between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. As an illustrative example, the third duration dr3 can be equal to 1 minute. But other values of the third duration dr3 can be used. For example, the value of the third duration dr3 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
[0075] On notera également que dans la sous-étape 30 de l’étape 10- 40, lorsque l’imposition temporaire de la limitation a été décidée, on peut aussi effectuer (le dispositif de surveillance DS peut déclencher la réalisation), dans le véhicule V, au (d’au) moins une action complémentaire qui est choisie parmi : [0075] It will also be noted that in substep 30 of step 10-40, when the temporary imposition of the limitation has been decided, it is also possible to carry out (the monitoring device DS can trigger the implementation), in the vehicle V, with (at) least one complementary action which is chosen from:
[0076] - la génération d’une alerte d’un usager (ou passager) du véhicule V requérant un arrêt de ce dernier (V), [0076] - the generation of an alert from a user (or passenger) of the vehicle V requiring a stop of the latter (V),
[0077] - l’enregistrement d’au moins un code défaut représentatif d’un problème de fonctionnement de l’un au moins des premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs, et [0077] - recording at least one fault code representative of an operating problem with at least one of the first D1 and second D2 detectors, and
[0078] - l’isolement électrique de la batterie principale BP. [0078] - the electrical insulation of the main BP battery.
[0079] L’alerte de l’usager du véhicule V peut se faire, par exemple, au moyen d’un voyant allumé (par exemple du tableau de bord) et/ou d’un message affiché sur au moins un écran du véhicule V (par exemple du tableau de bord ou d’un combiné central) ou sur l’écran d’un téléphone intelligent (ou « smartphone ») de l’usager, et/ou diffusé par au moins un haut-parleur du véhicule V ou de ce téléphone intelligent. Cette alerte est destinée à signaler au conducteur un défaut de fonctionnement sur la batterie principale BP, afin qu’il gare son véhicule V le plus rapidement possible, puis qu’il appelle un service après-vente pour la détermination de la cause du problème et si possible sa résolution. [0079] The user of vehicle V can be alerted, for example, by means of a lit indicator light (for example on the dashboard) and/or a message displayed on at least one screen of the vehicle. V (for example from the dashboard or a central instrument panel) or on the screen of a smart phone (or “smartphone”) of the user, and/or broadcast by at least one loudspeaker of the vehicle V or this smartphone. This alert is intended to notify the driver of a malfunction on the main BP battery, so that he parks his vehicle V as quickly as possible, then calls an after-sales service to determine the cause of the problem and if possible its resolution.
[0080] L’enregistrement d’au moins un code défaut représentatif d’un problème de fonctionnement de l’un au moins des premier D1 et second D2 détecteurs est destiné à faciliter la recherche de l’origine d’une limitation imposée par un technicien d’un service après-vente, et à permettre à ce technicien de solutionner le problème et d’informer l’usager du véhicule V de l’origine d’une telle limitation.
[0081] L’isolement électrique de la batterie principale BP est préférentiellement réalisé au moyen du dispositif d’isolement DI (par action sur au moins un contacteur (ou interrupteur) Kj), à la demande du calculateur de batterie CB et après une autorisation donnée par le calculateur de supervision CS, et une fois que la batterie principale BP ne fournit plus ou ne reçoit plus de courant. Cet isolement électrique est destiné à protéger les passagers et usagers du véhicule V en cas de court-circuit sur le circuit auquel est couplé la batterie principale BP, alors que le calculateur de batterie CB est endormi (et donc sans surveillance des éventuels courts-circuits par ce dernier (CB)). On notera qu’en cas d’autorisation d’isolement électrique, le dispositif de surveillance DS peut éventuellement attendre pendant une quatrième durée dr4 choisie avant d’ordonner au dispositif d’isolement DI d’isoler électriquement la batterie principale BP. [0080] The recording of at least one fault code representative of an operating problem of at least one of the first D1 and second D2 detectors is intended to facilitate the search for the origin of a limitation imposed by a technician from an after-sales service, and to allow this technician to solve the problem and to inform the user of vehicle V of the origin of such a limitation. [0081] The electrical isolation of the main battery BP is preferably carried out by means of the isolation device DI (by action on at least one contactor (or switch) Kj), at the request of the battery calculator CB and after authorization given by the CS supervision computer, and once the main battery BP no longer supplies or no longer receives current. This electrical isolation is intended to protect passengers and users of vehicle V in the event of a short circuit on the circuit to which the main battery BP is coupled, while the battery computer CB is asleep (and therefore without monitoring of possible short circuits by the latter (CB)). Note that in the event of electrical isolation authorization, the monitoring device DS can possibly wait for a fourth chosen duration dr4 before ordering the isolation device DI to electrically isolate the main battery BP.
[0082] Par exemple, la quatrième durée dr4 peut être comprise entre 30 secondes et 2 minutes. A titre d’exemple illustratif, la quatrième durée dr4 peut être égale à 1 minute. Mais d’autres valeurs de la quatrième durée dr4 peuvent être utilisées. Par exemple, la valeur de la quatrième durée dr4 peut être choisie pendant la phase de mise au point d’un véhicule similaire au véhicule V. [0082] For example, the fourth duration dr4 can be between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. As an illustrative example, the fourth duration dr4 can be equal to 1 minute. But other values of the fourth duration dr4 can be used. For example, the value of the fourth duration dr4 can be chosen during the development phase of a vehicle similar to vehicle V.
[0083] On notera également que l’étape 10-40 peut aussi comprendre une sous-étape 40 dans laquelle on (le dispositif de surveillance DS) ré-autorise un fonctionnement de la batterie principale BP sans limitation (et donc l’utilisation normale de cette dernière (BP)). [0083] It will also be noted that step 10-40 can also include a sub-step 40 in which (the monitoring device DS) re-authorizes operation of the main battery BP without limitation (and therefore normal use of the latter (BP)).
[0084] Par exemple, cette ré-autorisation peut résulter du fait qu’il n’y a plus de dépassement du premier seuil s1 par les valeurs d’écart ve successives pendant une durée qui est supérieure à un troisième seuil s3 choisi. De préférence, on cesse également de générer une (le dispositif de surveillance DS cesse de déclencher la génération d’une) alerte pour l’usager (lorsque cette action complémentaire est prévue). Bien entendu, si le dépassement du premier seuil s1 par les valeurs d’écart ve successives est de nouveau détecté, une nouvelle limitation est imposée à la batterie principale BP.
[0085] Par exemple, le troisième seuil s3 peut être compris entre 100 ms et 500 ms. A titre d’exemple illustratif, le troisième seuil s3 peut être égal à 300 ms. Mais d’autres valeurs de troisième seuil s3 peuvent être utilisées. Par exemple, la valeur du troisième seuil s3 peut être choisie pendant la phase de mise au point du véhicule V. [0084] For example, this re-authorization may result from the fact that the first threshold s1 is no longer exceeded by the successive deviation values ve for a duration which is greater than a third chosen threshold s3. Preferably, we also stop generating an (the DS monitoring device stops triggering the generation of a) alert for the user (when this additional action is planned). Of course, if the exceeding of the first threshold s1 by the successive deviation values ve is detected again, a new limitation is imposed on the main battery BP. [0085] For example, the third threshold s3 can be between 100 ms and 500 ms. As an illustrative example, the third threshold s3 can be equal to 300 ms. But other values of third threshold s3 can be used. For example, the value of the third threshold s3 can be chosen during the development phase of the vehicle V.
[0086] On notera également qu’une ré-autorisation est préférentiellement décidée lorsque la condition précitée est satisfaite (ev < s1 pendant une durée supérieure à s3), après un endormissement du véhicule V puis un réveil de ce dernier (V). [0086] It will also be noted that a re-authorization is preferentially decided when the aforementioned condition is satisfied (ev < s1 for a duration greater than s3), after the vehicle V falls asleep and then wakes up the latter (V).
[0087] On notera également, comme illustré non limitativement sur la figure 2, que le calculateur de batterie CB (ou le calculateur dédié du dispositif de surveillance DS) peut aussi comprendre une mémoire de masse MM1 , notamment pour le stockage temporaire des premières mc1 et secondes mc2 mesures et d’éventuelles données intermédiaires intervenant dans tous ses calculs et traitements. Par ailleurs, ce calculateur de batterie CB (ou le calculateur dédié du dispositif de surveillance DS) peut aussi comprendre une interface d’entrée IE pour la réception d’au moins les premières mc1 et secondes mc2 mesures pour les utiliser dans des calculs ou traitements, éventuellement après les avoir mises en forme et/ou démodulées et/ou amplifiées, de façon connue en soi, au moyen d’un processeur de signal numérique PR2. De plus, ce calculateur de batterie CB (ou le calculateur dédié du dispositif de surveillance DS) peut aussi comprendre une interface de sortie IS, notamment pour délivrer des messages de limitation de la puissance électrique que la batterie principale BP est autorisée à fournir ou à recevoir, d’éventuels ordres de génération d’alerte (ou des messages d’alerte), d’éventuels ordres d’isolement électrique de la batterie principale BP, ou d’éventuels messages contenant des codes défaut. [0087] It will also be noted, as illustrated without limitation in Figure 2, that the battery calculator CB (or the dedicated calculator of the monitoring device DS) can also include a mass memory MM1, in particular for the temporary storage of the first mc1 and seconds mc2 measurements and any intermediate data involved in all its calculations and processing. Furthermore, this CB battery calculator (or the dedicated calculator of the DS monitoring device) can also include an IE input interface for receiving at least the first mc1 and second mc2 measurements for use in calculations or processing. , possibly after having shaped and/or demodulated and/or amplified them, in a manner known per se, by means of a digital signal processor PR2. In addition, this CB battery calculator (or the dedicated calculator of the DS monitoring device) can also include an IS output interface, in particular to deliver messages limiting the electrical power that the main battery BP is authorized to supply or to receive possible alert generation orders (or alert messages), possible orders for electrical isolation of the main BP battery, or possible messages containing fault codes.
[0088] On notera également que l’invention propose aussi un produit programme d’ordinateur (ou programme informatique) comprenant un jeu d’instructions qui, lorsqu’il est exécuté par des moyens de traitement de type circuits électroniques (ou hardware), comme par
exemple le processeur PR1 , est propre à mettre en œuvre le procédé de surveillance décrit ci-avant pour surveiller le fonctionnement du premier détecteur D1 du véhicule V, lequel est chargé de mesurer le courant ibp circulant entre les bornes de la batterie principale BP.
[0088] It will also be noted that the invention also proposes a computer program product (or computer program) comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by processing means of the electronic circuit (or hardware) type, like example the processor PR1, is suitable for implementing the monitoring method described above to monitor the operation of the first detector D1 of the vehicle V, which is responsible for measuring the current ibp circulating between the terminals of the main battery BP.
Claims
[Revendication 1] Procédé de surveillance pour un véhicule (V) comprenant une batterie principale (BP) ayant des bornes entre lesquelles circule un courant, et des premier (D1 ) et second (D2) détecteurs propres à effectuer respectivement des premières et secondes mesures dudit courant, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend une étape (10-40) dans laquelle, on détermine au moins une valeur d’écart entre lesdites première et seconde mesures, et lorsque ladite valeur d’écart est supérieure à un premier seuil choisi on impose une limitation temporaire d’une puissance électrique fournie ou reçue par ladite batterie principale (BP). [Claim 1] Monitoring method for a vehicle (V) comprising a main battery (BP) having terminals between which a current flows, and first (D1) and second (D2) detectors capable of carrying out first and second measurements respectively of said current, characterized in that it comprises a step (10-40) in which at least one difference value is determined between said first and second measurements, and when said difference value is greater than a first chosen threshold a temporary limitation is imposed on an electrical power supplied or received by said main battery (BP).
[Revendication 2] Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que dans ladite étape (10-40) on impose temporairement ladite limitation lorsque des valeurs d’écart successives sont supérieures audit premier seuil pendant une durée supérieure à un deuxième seuil choisi. [Claim 2] Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step (10-40) said limitation is temporarily imposed when successive deviation values are greater than said first threshold for a duration greater than a second chosen threshold.
[Revendication 3] Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que dans ladite étape (10-40) ledit deuxième seuil est compris entre 100 ms et 500 ms. [Claim 3] Method according to claim 2, characterized in that in said step (10-40) said second threshold is between 100 ms and 500 ms.
[Revendication 4] Procédé selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que dans ladite étape (10-40) ledit premier seuil est compris entre 40 A et 50 A. [Claim 4] Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in said step (10-40) said first threshold is between 40 A and 50 A.
[Revendication 5] Procédé selon l’une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que dans ladite étape (10-40) ladite limitation consiste i) soit en une réduction progressive de ladite puissance électrique fournie jusqu’à une première valeur choisie sur une première durée choisie lorsqu’une machine motrice électrique (MME), équipant ledit véhicule (V) et alimentée en énergie électrique par ladite batterie principale (BP), doit fournir un couple de sortie positif, ii) soit en une réduction progressive de ladite puissance électrique reçue jusqu’à une deuxième valeur choisie sur une deuxième durée choisie lorsque ladite machine motrice électrique (MME) doit fournir un couple de sortie négatif, iii) soit en une réduction à une troisième valeur choisie d’un courant de recharge maximal pouvant alimenter ladite batterie principale (BP), après écoulement d’une troisième durée choisie.
[Claim 5] Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in said step (10-40) said limitation consists of i) either a progressive reduction of said electrical power supplied up to a first value chosen on a first duration chosen when an electric motor machine (MME), equipping said vehicle (V) and supplied with electrical energy by said main battery (BP), must provide a positive output torque, ii) either in a progressive reduction of said electrical power received up to a second chosen value over a second chosen duration when said electric motor machine (MME) must provide a negative output torque, iii) or in a reduction to a third chosen value of a maximum recharge current which can power said main battery (BP), after the expiration of a third chosen duration.
[Revendication 6] Procédé selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que dans ladite étape (10-40), en cas d’imposition temporaire de ladite limitation, on effectue aussi dans ledit véhicule (V) au moins une action complémentaire choisie parmi une génération d’une alerte d’un usager dudit véhicule (V) requérant un arrêt dudit véhicule (V), un enregistrement d’au moins un code défaut représentatif d’un problème de fonctionnement de l’un au moins desdits premier (D1 ) et second (D2) détecteurs, et un isolement électrique de ladite batterie principale (BP). [Claim 6] Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in said step (10-40), in the event of temporary imposition of said limitation, at least one is also carried out in said vehicle (V). complementary action chosen from a generation of an alert from a user of said vehicle (V) requiring a stop of said vehicle (V), a recording of at least one fault code representative of an operating problem of at least one said first (D1) and second (D2) detectors, and electrical insulation of said main battery (BP).
[Revendication 7] Procédé selon l’une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que dans ladite étape (10-40) ledit premier détecteur (D1 ) est de type ampérométrique et offre un premier niveau de précision et ledit second détecteur (D2) est de type ampérométrique et offre un second niveau de précision strictement inférieur audit premier niveau de précision. [Claim 7] Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in said step (10-40) said first detector (D1) is of the amperometric type and offers a first level of precision and said second detector (D2 ) is of the amperometric type and offers a second level of precision strictly lower than said first level of precision.
[Revendication 8] Produit programme d’ordinateur comprenant un jeu d’instructions qui, lorsqu’il est exécuté par des moyens de traitement, est propre à mettre en œuvre le procédé de surveillance selon l’une des revendications 1 à 7 pour surveiller, dans un véhicule (V) comprenant une batterie principale (BP) ayant des bornes entre lesquelles circule un courant, et des premier (D1 ) et second (D2) détecteurs propres à effectuer respectivement des premières et secondes mesures dudit courant, le fonctionnement dudit premier détecteur (D1 ). [Claim 8] Computer program product comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by processing means, is suitable for implementing the monitoring method according to one of claims 1 to 7 to monitor, in a vehicle (V) comprising a main battery (BP) having terminals between which a current flows, and first (D1) and second (D2) detectors capable of carrying out respectively first and second measurements of said current, the operation of said first detector (D1).
[Revendication 9] Dispositif de surveillance (DS) pour un véhicule (V) comprenant une batterie principale (BP) ayant des bornes entre lesquelles circule un courant, et des premier (D1 ) et second (D2) détecteurs propres à effectuer respectivement des premières et secondes mesures dudit courant, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend au moins un processeur (PR1 ) et au moins une mémoire (MD) agencés pour effectuer les opérations consistant à déterminer au moins une valeur d’écart entre lesdites première et seconde mesures, et lorsque ladite valeur d’écart est supérieure à un premier seuil choisi à déclencher une imposition d’une limitation temporaire d’une puissance électrique fournie ou reçue par ladite batterie principale (BP). [Claim 9] Monitoring device (DS) for a vehicle (V) comprising a main battery (BP) having terminals between which a current flows, and first (D1) and second (D2) detectors capable of respectively carrying out first and second measurements of said current, characterized in that it comprises at least one processor (PR1) and at least one memory (MD) arranged to carry out the operations consisting of determining at least one difference value between said first and second measurements, and when said deviation value is greater than a first threshold chosen to trigger an imposition of a temporary limitation of an electrical power supplied or received by said main battery (BP).
[Revendication 10] Véhicule (V) comprenant une batterie principale (BP) ayant des bornes entre lesquelles circule un premier courant, et des premier
(D1 ) et second (D2) détecteurs propres à effectuer respectivement des premières et secondes mesures dudit premier courant, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend en outre un dispositif de surveillance (DS) selon la revendication 9.
[Claim 10] Vehicle (V) comprising a main battery (BP) having terminals between which a first current flows, and first (D1) and second (D2) detectors capable of respectively carrying out first and second measurements of said first current, characterized in that it further comprises a monitoring device (DS) according to claim 9.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR2207756A FR3138528B1 (en) | 2022-07-28 | 2022-07-28 | MONITORING A CURRENT DETECTOR CIRCULATING IN A MAIN BATTERY OF A VEHICLE |
FRFR2207756 | 2022-07-28 |
Publications (1)
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WO2024023407A1 true WO2024023407A1 (en) | 2024-02-01 |
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PCT/FR2023/050826 WO2024023407A1 (en) | 2022-07-28 | 2023-06-09 | Monitoring a detector of current flowing in a main battery of a vehicle |
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FR (1) | FR3138528B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2024023407A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014014470A1 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-03-19 | Daimler Ag | Circuit arrangement for detecting a triggering case of a safety device, motor vehicle with such a circuit arrangement and method for detecting a triggering case of a safety device |
DE102014208680A1 (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for monitoring current sensors |
US20170089955A1 (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Electrical current detection device equipped with shunt resistor, and power supply device |
DE102016224492A1 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-14 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | A method of operating a traction battery for a motor vehicle and battery management device therefor |
-
2022
- 2022-07-28 FR FR2207756A patent/FR3138528B1/en active Active
-
2023
- 2023-06-09 WO PCT/FR2023/050826 patent/WO2024023407A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014208680A1 (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for monitoring current sensors |
US20170089955A1 (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Electrical current detection device equipped with shunt resistor, and power supply device |
DE102014014470A1 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-03-19 | Daimler Ag | Circuit arrangement for detecting a triggering case of a safety device, motor vehicle with such a circuit arrangement and method for detecting a triggering case of a safety device |
DE102016224492A1 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-14 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | A method of operating a traction battery for a motor vehicle and battery management device therefor |
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