WO2024023162A1 - Renewable jet fuel composition having a high content of naphthenic compounds - Google Patents
Renewable jet fuel composition having a high content of naphthenic compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024023162A1 WO2024023162A1 PCT/EP2023/070719 EP2023070719W WO2024023162A1 WO 2024023162 A1 WO2024023162 A1 WO 2024023162A1 EP 2023070719 W EP2023070719 W EP 2023070719W WO 2024023162 A1 WO2024023162 A1 WO 2024023162A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- base
- aromatic
- mass
- volume
- jet fuel
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000206602 Eukaryota Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 25
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 10
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical class CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical class CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000001950 Elaeis guineensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000127993 Elaeis melanococca Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002029 lignocellulosic biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000006527 (C1-C5) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000188595 Brassica sinapistrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001390275 Carinata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000221089 Jatropha Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019714 Triticale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003486 adipose tissue brown Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010460 hemp oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008164 mustard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003606 oligomerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000228158 x Triticosecale Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/08—Jet fuel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of jet fuels and in particular to jet fuel derived from renewable feedstocks with a high content of naphthenic compounds.
- Conventional jet fuel is produced from crude oil and contains a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that typically have 6 to 18 carbon atoms. These hydrocarbons include linear and branched alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Due to the petroleum-based feedstock and production processes, conventional jet fuel, also called jet fuel, typically contains up to 25% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, more specifically typically 10% to 25% by volume. volume of aromatic hydrocarbons. A significant proportion, usually of the order of less than 5% of aromatic hydrocarbons, are polycyclic (i.e. they contain two or more aromatic rings) and generally of the naphthalene type. Such compounds are harmful to health (e.g. carcinogenic) and have poor combustion properties.
- renewable fuels derived from biological matter are an alternative to conventional fossil fuels.
- Conventional jets can be mixed with paraffinic bases from renewable feedstocks as provided for by standard D7566-21, thus allowing the production of alternative aviation fuels.
- the bases for aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks that can be incorporated into fossil fuels are:
- SPK paraffinic kerosenes
- processes such as the Fischer-Tropsch process, the hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids [HEFA-SPK] or produced by the Alcohol-to-jet route (transformation of alcohol into kerosene) [ATJ-SPK]
- SPK paraffinic kerosenes
- renewable fuels are introduced mixed with fossil fuels, but it will quickly be necessary to use pure renewable fuels, without mixing them with fossil fuels. It is therefore necessary to develop renewable fuel formulations that meet current specifications and/or are compatible with current and future aircraft.
- US Patent 8,629,310 describes a production process for converting oxygenated biomass-derived feedstocks into various fuels, including gas-range hydrocarbons, jet fuels and diesel fuels.
- the compositions obtained comprise more than 50% by mass of naphthenic compounds.
- Application WO 2021/237030 describes a kerosene composition produced from crude oil and shale oil, and comprising a substantial quantity of aromatic compounds of between 4 and 10% by mass.
- Application US 2019/0002778 describes a kerosene composition produced by mixing an a) aviation fuel component and a b) diesel fuel component of renewable origin.
- Application US 2009/0253947 describes a production process, in particular an integrated production process, of a fuel mixture from a component rich in paraffins and a component rich in cyclic compounds, each of the components being generated from a renewable raw material.
- US Patent 10,087,374 describes a process for converting triacylglycerides into crude oil precursors and/or distilled hydrocarbon fuels.
- compositions makes it possible to optimize their combustion quality while preserving, or even improving, their properties, such as their compatibility with materials, in particular with seals, their density, their lubricating power, their viscosity and/or their autoignition temperature.
- the invention relates to a jet fuel composition derived from renewable feedstocks comprising, relative to the total volume of the composition: a. from 50 to 90% by volume of at least one paraffinic base resulting from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids, from a Fischer-Tropsch process or from a process for the production of jet fuel from alcohols, and comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins relative to the total mass of the paraffinic base, b.
- Such a composition comprising in particular from 10 to 50% by volume of at least one C8-C16 naphthenic base, makes it possible to resolve the aforementioned technical problems. It presents an improved combustion quality compared to existing jet fuel compositions, while preserving or even improving at least one of their properties chosen from their compatibility with the materials, in particular with the seals, their density, their lubricating power and/or their autoignition temperature.
- the composition comprises a quantity less than or equal to 15% by volume, preferably less than 8% by volume, preferably less than or equal to 5% by volume of aromatic compounds, relative to the total volume of the composition.
- the naphthenic base comprises aromatic compounds and naphthenic compounds, and has a mass ratio between the naphthenic compounds and the aromatic compounds greater than or equal to 1, preferably greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than or equal to 5.
- the composition further comprises from 1 to 18% by volume, preferably from 1 to 10% by volume, relative to the total volume of the composition, of at least one C8-C16 aromatic base, said aromatic base corresponding to the C8-C16 fraction of a biofuel produced by a process for converting at least one C1 -C6 bioalcohol into fuel and characterized in that said aromatic base contains at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said compounds aromatics including least 50% by mass of benzene substituted by at least m methyl, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3.
- the biofuel comprises at least 90% by volume of C4-C40 compounds, preferably C4-C20 compounds, relative to the total volume of the biofuel.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a jet fuel composition from renewable feedstocks, comprising at least the following steps a) the production of at least one paraffinic base from a hydrotreatment of esters and acids fatty, a Fischer-Tropsch process or a process for producing jet fuel from alcohols (called jet alcohols), said paraffinic base comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins, b) the production of at at least one C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least the following steps: i) the production of a biofuel by a process for converting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol into fuel, ii) the recovery of said aromatic base in C8-C16 by fractionation of said biofuel obtained in step i), said C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted by at least m methyl, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C
- step c) comprises the hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base obtained at the end of step b) to obtain a naphthenic base
- the process further comprises step d) mixing 50% to 90% by volume of the at least one paraffin base produced in step a) with 10% to 50% by volume of the naphthenic base produced in step c), and obtaining 'a jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base, the volume % being relative to the total volume of the composition.
- the process comprises, between step b) and step c), a step b') of mixing 50% to 90% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced at step a) with 10 to 50% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b) to obtain a mixture of paraffinic and aromatic bases, the % by volume being relative to the total volume of the mixture, and step c) of hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base comprises the hydrogenation of the mixture of paraffinic and aromatic bases obtained in step b'), and obtaining d 'a jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base.
- the invention therefore relates in particular to a process for producing a jet fuel composition derived from renewable feedstocks, comprising at least the following steps: a) the production of at least one paraffinic base from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids, a Fischer-Tropsch process or a process for producing jet fuel from alcohols, said at least one paraffinic base comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins, b) the production of at least at least one C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least the following steps: i) the production of a biofuel by a process for converting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol into fuel, ii) the recovery of said aromatic base in C8-C16 by fractionation of said biofuel obtained in step i), said C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted by at least m methyls, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally
- the invention also relates in particular to a process for producing a jet fuel composition derived from renewable feedstocks comprising at least the following steps: a) the production of at least one paraffinic base from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids, a Fischer-Tropsch process or a process for producing jet fuel from alcohols, said at least one paraffinic base comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins, b) the production of at least one C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least the following steps: i) the production of a biofuel by a process for converting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol into fuel, ii) recovering said C8-C16 aromatic base by fractionation of said biofuel obtained in step i), said C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass , preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted by at least m methyl, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5
- the hydrogenation of the processes according to the invention is complete.
- the hydrogenation of the processes according to the invention is partial.
- the at least one paraffinic base resulting from step a) is produced from one or more oils chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, preferably highly saturated oils. non-edible, used oils, by-products of the refining of vegetable oils or animal oil(s) containing free fatty acids, tall oils, and oils produced by bacteria, yeasts, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
- the processes according to the invention further comprise a step e) of adding 1% to 18% by volume relative to the total volume of the composition, preferably 1% to 10% by volume, of the base aromatic produced in step b) in the jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base.
- steps a), b), c), d), and optionally e) when present are carried out in separate processes.
- % by weight and % by mass have an equivalent meaning and refer to the proportion of the mass of a product compared to 100g of a composition comprising it.
- % by volume refers to the proportion of the volume of a product compared to 100 L of a composition comprising it.
- naphthenic compounds C8-C16 cycloalkanes or polycycloalkanes, optionally substituted by one or more C1-C5 alkyl groups.
- Paraffinic base means a synthetic paraffinic fuel produced from raw material of non-petroleum origin compatible with the ASTM D7566:21 specification and containing at least 95% by mass of paraffinic compounds.
- Said synthetic paraffinic fuel is advantageously a renewable synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) resulting from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids (SPK-HEFA) or resulting from a Fischer Tropsch process (SPK-FT) or resulting from a process for converting alcohol into isoparaffinic kerosene (SPK-ATJ).
- SPK renewable synthetic paraffinic kerosene
- SPK-HEFA hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids
- SPK-FT Fischer Tropsch process
- SPK-ATJ a process for converting alcohol into isoparaffinic kerosene
- the synthetic paraffinic fuel of the present invention is thus a renewable fuel obtained exclusively from compounds of non-fossil origin.
- SPK-HEFA Renewable Synthetic Paraffin Fuel is compatible with ASTM D7566:21 Annex 2.
- SPK-HEFA renewable synthetic paraffinic fuel can be produced from oil(s) of natural origin by a process of hydrogenation and deoxygenation of fatty acid esters and free fatty acids and subsequent processing of the product comprising hydrocracking, or hydroisomerization, or isomerization, or a combination of these steps, and may include other conventional refining processes.
- SPK-HEFA renewable paraffinic synthetic fuel is produced from the hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids from an oil of natural origin.
- oil of natural origin is defined as an oil of biomass origin and containing no mineral oil.
- oil(s) of natural origin refers indifferently to oils, fats and their mixtures.
- Said oil(s) of natural origin may contain one or more oils chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, preferably highly saturated inedible oils, used oils, by-products of the refining of vegetable oil(s) or animal oil(s) containing free fatty acids, tall oils and oils produced by bacteria, yeast, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
- Suitable vegetable oils are, for example, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil (rapeseed or canola), sunflower oil, linseed oil, bran oil, rice oil, corn oil, olive oil, castor oil, sesame oil, pine oil, peanut oil, mustard oil, carinata oil, hemp oil, coconut oil, babasu oil, cottonseed oil, linola oil, jatropha oil.
- Animal fats include tallow, lard, grease (yellow and brown fat), fish oil/fat, shortening, milk fat.
- Waste oils include used cooking oils (waste cooking oils) and oils recovered from waste water, such as grease/drainage oils, gutter oils, sewage oils, e.g. from sewage stations. water purification, and used fats from the food industry.
- Tall oils including crude tall oil, distilled tall oil (DTO) and tall oil fatty acids (TOFA), preferably DTO and TOFA, can also be used in the present invention.
- Tall oil or otherwise called tall oil, is a liquid by-product of the Kraft wood processing process, making it possible to isolate wood pulp useful for the paper industry.
- Tall oil is mainly obtained when conifers are used in the Kraft process.
- the isolated tall oil is alkaline. The latter is then acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude tall oil.
- the oil(s) of natural origin used in the present invention also include oils produced by microorganisms, either natural microorganisms or genetically modified microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes. In particular, such oils can be recovered by well-known mechanical or chemical extraction methods.
- the SPK-FT renewable paraffinic synthetic fuel comes from a Fischer-Tropsch process and can be produced from solid biomass. It is compatible with the ASTM D7566:21 Annex 1 specification.
- Thermochemical conversion of biomass includes the following steps: conditioning of the biomass (preparation, crushing, roasting), gasification of the biomass (obtaining a synthesis gas), purification of the synthesis gas, Fisher-Tropsch synthesis to transform the gas into synthetic biofuel.
- the synthetic paraffin fuel may have been subjected to an isomerization and/or distillation step before its incorporation into the composition of the invention, in order to eliminate the heaviest linear paraffins which do not would not allow the cold properties of the jet to be respected, in particular the disappearance point of the crystals which must be lower than -47°C for Jet A1.
- the lightest compounds can also be separated by distillation, in order to respect, in particular, the properties of volatility and flash point of jet A1.
- the renewable paraffinic synthetic fuel may have one or more of the following characteristics:
- - a freezing point lower than -30°C, preferably lower than -40°C, for example lower than -47°C,
- SPK-ATJ renewable paraffinic synthetic fuel corresponds, among other things, to the ASTM D7566:21 Annex 5 specification but can also be produced from any alcohol of 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- SPK-ATJ renewable fuel is obtained by dehydrating alcohols to produce olefins, then oligomerizing the olefins to obtain unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules in the boiling temperature range of SAF. These unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules are then hydrogenated to produce the paraffinic base.
- the C8-C16 naphthenic base is produced by hydrogenation of a C8-C16 aromatic base, the aromatic base being as defined below.
- the hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base partially or completely hydrogenates the aromatic compounds.
- the hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base can be carried out on the aromatic base alone or in mixture with other compounds, in particular in the presence of the paraffinic base according to the invention.
- the hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base can therefore be carried out when the aromatic base is mixed with the paraffinic base according to the invention.
- Hydrogenation is for example carried out in one or more reactors in a fixed bed (descending or ascending) and in mixed phase, the fraction to be hydrogenated being mainly in the liquid phase.
- the hydrogenation is for example carried out at a temperature between 50°C and 350°C, in particular between 100°C and 300°C. It is carried out under a pressure preferably greater than 10 bara and in particular between 20 bara and 80 bara.
- a stream of hydrogen is fed into the or each reactor mixed with the aromatic base stream to be hydrogenated.
- the ratio of the volume flow of the hydrogen flow to the volume flow of aromatic base (not counting the recycled flow) to be hydrogenated is advantageously between 50 NL/L and 3000NL/L, in particular between 100 NL/L and 500 NL/L.
- Hydrogen can be added to the aromatic base stream in several stages along the catalyst bed.
- the hourly space speed is advantageously between 0.5 and 3 and in particular between 1 and 2 h'1 . Excess hydrogen can be recycled into the reaction zone after separation and compression.
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one catalyst comprising one or more group VIII metals (typically Pt, Pd, Ni) supported on a support such as silica, alumina or any mixture of these two compounds or carbon.
- the reaction can also be carried out in the presence of a sulfide type catalyst containing an element from group VIB (Cr, Mo, W) and an element from group VI 11 B (Fe, Ru, Co, Os, Co, Rh , Ir, Pd, Ni, Pt) or mixtures of these two groups of metals.
- the hydrogenation step is preferably followed by a step for separating the light compounds, generally carried out by stripping or distillation. This separation step makes it possible to produce a hydrogenated cut of type C8-C16, suitable for incorporation into aviation fuel.
- the hydrogenation of the aromatic base is complete. This means that the aromatic compounds contained in the aromatic base are more than 99% hydrogenated.
- the hydrogenation of the aromatic base is partial.
- Partial hydrogenation can be obtained by choosing the operating conditions to hydrogenate only a fraction of the aromatic compounds, or by subjecting only a fraction of the aromatic base to the hydrogenation step, the non-hydrogenated fraction is then mixed with the fraction totally hydrogenated.
- the naphthenic base comprises a mixture of aromatic compounds and naphthenic compounds.
- the naphthenic base preferably comprises at least 60% by mass of naphthenic compounds, preferably from 70% to 95% by mass of naphthenic compounds, preferably from 75% to 95% by mass of naphthenic compounds.
- the naphthenic base preferably has a mass ratio between the naphthenic compounds and the aromatic compounds greater than or equal to 1, preferably greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than or equal to 5, preferably between 1 and 99 , preferably between 5 and 24, preferably between 5 and 10.
- the naphthenic base has a mass ratio between the mass quantity of C9-C10 naphthenic compounds of the naphthenic base and the mass quantity of C9-C14 naphthenic compounds of the naphthenic base, greater than or equal to 0.10, of preferably greater than or equal to 0.40, preferably greater than or equal to 0.50, preferably greater than or equal to 0.6, preferably between 0.70 and 0.95.
- the naphthenic base has a mass ratio between the mass quantity of C9-C12 naphthenic compounds of the naphthenic base and the mass quantity of C9-C14 naphthenic compounds of the naphthenic base, greater than or equal to 0.60, of preferably greater than or equal to 0.70, preferably greater than or equal to 0.80, preferably greater than or equal to 0.90, preferably between 0.80 and 0.999.
- Aromatic base according to the invention is aromatic base according to the invention.
- the C8-C16 aromatic base is used to prepare the naphthenic base according to the invention.
- the aromatic base is also added as such in the composition according to the invention, in order to adjust the content of aromatic compounds in the composition to the required specifications.
- the C8-C16 aromatic base can be produced according to the following steps: i) production of a biofuel by subjecting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol from at least one renewable feedstock to a process for converting alcohol into fuel , ii) recovery by fractionation of said C8-C16 aromatic base from said biofuel obtained in step i).
- the production of the biofuel according to step i) can be carried out by conversion of at least one C1 -C6 bioalcohol, in a catalytic process.
- the catalytic process can be carried out on a bed of aluminosilicate, preferably of the zeolite type.
- C1 -C6 bioalcohol mainly contains alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanols (n-propanol, i-propanol), butanols (n-butanol, i-butanol), pentanols (n-pentanols, i pentanol) and hexanols.
- the C1 -C6 bioalcohol preferably contains more than 80% by mass of C1 to C6 alcohols, preferably more than 90% by mass of C1 to C6 alcohols.
- the C1-C6 bioalcohol can be:
- Biomass may include wood fuels from natural forests and woodlands (e.g. sawdust), agricultural residues (e.g. rice husks, straw manure), energy crops that are grown exclusively for energy production (e.g. corn and oil palm), urban waste (e.g. wood waste, rice, straw manure), energy crops that are grown exclusively for the production of energy (e.g. corn and oil palm), urban waste (e.g. municipal solid waste and sewage) and waste-derived biomass fuel (e.g. wood pellets).
- Methanol of renewable origin can in particular be obtained by conversion of a synthetic gas rich in CO/H2, this synthetic gas coming from biomass.
- Biomass can for example be gasified to produce a synthetic gas (or “syngas” in English) rich in CO/H2, this synthetic gas then being converted into methanol in the presence of a catalyst.
- a method of this type is for example described in document WO2018134853A1.
- a synthetic gas suitable for subsequent conversion into methanol can also be obtained by partial oxidation in the presence of dioxygen of a biogas containing methane and CO2, this biogas resulting for example from the anaerobic digestion of biomass in the presence of one or more microorganisms.
- a process of this type is for example described in document W02019060988A1.
- the sugars are composed of chains of 6 or 5 carbons, such as glucose, sucrose (dimer of glucose and fructose), xylose and arabinose.
- This substrate can for example include, or come directly from agri-food plants, sugar cane, sugar beet, sugar sorghum, or by depolymerization of starch from corn, wheat, barley, rye, sorghum, triticale, potato, sweet potato, cassava, and/or cellulose and hemicellulose of lignocellulosic biomass.
- the sugar-rich substrate can also be derived from lignocellullosic biomass by a treatment comprising (i) a step of separating the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contained in the lignocellullosic biomass, followed (ii) by a step of conversion of cellulose and/or hemicellulose into sugars.
- a treatment comprising (i) a step of separating the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contained in the lignocellullosic biomass, followed (ii) by a step of conversion of cellulose and/or hemicellulose into sugars.
- Obtaining this type of substrate from lignocellulosic biomass is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the sugar-rich substrate is then subjected to fermentation, for example using microorganisms.
- Ethanol can also be produced by anaerobic fermentation of a gas comprising CO.
- the substrate is then a gaseous substrate (a gas) containing CO.
- This gaseous substrate may be a by-product of an industrial process, such as the manufacturing of ferrous metal products, including steel mills, the manufacturing of non-ferrous products, petroleum refining processes, gasification of coal and/or biomass or biochar, production of electrical energy, production of carbon black, production of ammonia, production of methanol, manufacturing of coke, catalytic cracking (particularly when catalyst regeneration carbon monoxide is produced) and methane reforming.
- the gaseous substrate may come from the gasification of biomass, such as biomass byproducts obtained during the extraction and processing of food products.
- the gasification process involves partial combustion of biomass in a restricted supply of air or oxygen.
- the resulting gas typically comprises primarily CO and H2, with minor volumes of CO2, methane, ethylene and ethane.
- the CO content of the gaseous substrate is typically 15% to 100% by volume, 15% to 95% by volume, 40% to 95% by volume, 40% to 60% by volume, and 45% to 95% by volume. 55% by volume or is in any interval defined by two of these limits.
- Any microorganism capable of fermenting a gaseous substrate comprising CO to produce ethanol can be used.
- Biomass can for example be gasified to produce a synthesis gas (or “syngas” in English) rich in CO/H 2 , this synthetic gas then being converted into methanol in the presence of a catalyst.
- a synthesis gas or “syngas” in English
- CO/H 2 a gas rich in CO/H 2
- a process of this type is for example described in the document WO2012003901.
- ABE fermentation a bacterial fermentation producing a mixture of ethanol, acetone and butanol from carbohydrates such as glucose or starch;
- the biofuel obtained during step i) is fractionated to recover the C8-C16 fraction in order to satisfy the volatility properties of aviation fuels.
- the C8-C16 aromatic base according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
- C8-C16 aromatic compounds in particular monoaromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted by at least m methyl, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3,
- aromatic compounds present in a content of at least 60% by mass, comprise benzene substituted by at least m methyl and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl.
- aromatic compounds can thus comprise a mixture of benzene molecules substituted by at least m methyls, m being an integer ranging from 1 to 3, and optionally benzene molecules substituted by at least m methyls, m being an integer ranging from 1 to 3. 3, and/or n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer ranging from 1 to 3.
- paraffinic and naphthenic bases according to the invention can be carried out from different renewable sources, and in particular by separate processes.
- the process according to the invention comprises a step of mixing the paraffinic base with another base.
- the mixing step is carried out after step c) of hydrogenation of the aromatic base, and corresponds to a step d) of mixing 50 to 90% by volume of the at least one base.
- the mixture of step d) comprises the mixture of 50% to 85% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 15% to 50% by volume of the at least one naphthenic base produced in step c), preferably, step d) comprises mixing 55% to 80% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 20% to 45% by volume of the at least one naphthenic base produced in step c), preferably, step d) comprises the mixture of 55% to 75% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 25% to 45% by volume of the at least one naphthenic base produced in step c).
- the mixing step is carried out between step b) and the hydrogenation step, and corresponds to a mixing step of 50% to 90% by volume of the at least one base paraffinic base produced in step a) with 10 to 50% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b) to obtain a mixture of paraffinic and aromatic bases.
- the mixing step comprises mixing 50% to 85% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 15% to 50% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b), preferably, the mixing step comprises mixing 55% to 80% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 20% at 45% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b), preferably, the mixing step comprises mixing 55% to 75% by volume of the at least one paraffin base produced in step b). step a) with 25% to 45% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b).
- the composition according to the invention comprises from 50% to 85% by volume, preferably from 55% to 80% by volume, preferably from 55% to 75% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base.
- the composition according to the invention comprises from 15% to 50% by volume, preferably from 20% to 45% by volume, preferably from 25% to 45% by volume of the at least one naphthenic base.
- the composition according to the invention comprises less than 18% by volume, preferably less than 10% by volume, preferably less than 8% by volume, preferably less than 5% by volume, preferably from 1% to 18% by volume, preferably from 1 to 10% by volume of at least one aromatic base.
- the composition according to the invention has a mass ratio of naphthenic compounds/aromatic compounds greater than or equal to 1, preferably greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than or equal to 3, preferably between 3 and 5.
- the composition according to the invention comprises from 15% to 48% by mass of naphthenic compounds, preferably from 25% to 45% by mass of naphthenic compounds.
- the composition according to the invention comprises a quantity less than or equal to 15% by volume of aromatic compounds, preferably less than or equal to 8% by volume, preferably less than or equal to 5% by volume, relative to the total volume. of the composition.
- the composition according to the invention comprises a quantity of aromatic compounds of between 1 and 15% by volume, preferably between 1 and 8% by volume, relative to the total volume of the composition.
- the quantity of aromatic compounds included in the composition according to the invention is defined in volume in accordance with the specifications of standard ASTM D7566:21.
- the jet fuel composition according to the invention can comply with the Jet A or Jet A1 requirements as defined in the ASTM D7566:21 standard of July 2021 or in the DefStan 91 -091 Issue which refers to the ASTM D7566 standard: 21.
- the composition according to the invention has a density of between 755 kg/m 3 and 840 kg/m 3 , preferably between 775 kg/m 3 and 840 kg/m 3 .
- the contents of paraffinic base, naphthenic base, and aromatic base when present, in the jet fuel composition according to the invention can be chosen such that the jet fuel composition according to the invention complies with these requirements.
- the at least one paraffinic base and the at least one naphthenic base come from separate treatments of renewable charges (from distinct processes), in particular from distinct renewable charges.
- the jet fuel composition according to the invention consists of paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic bases when present, derived from renewable feedstocks.
- the jet fuel composition according to the invention is free of components of petroleum origin.
- C1 comprises 68% by volume of HEFA conforming to the paraffinic base a) according to the invention and 32% by volume of the naphthenic base b).
- C2 comprises 61% by volume of HEFA conforming to the paraffinic base a) according to the invention and 39% by volume of the naphthenic base b).
- composition of naphthenic base b) is presented in the following Table 1, and was determined by a GC2D method.
- compositions C1 and C2 as well as the HEFA base conforming to the paraffinic base a) and the naphthenic base b) have the characteristics detailed in the following table (these characteristics were determined according to the standards specified in each column):
- naphthenic base b) to a paraffinic base a) therefore makes it possible to obtain compositions with improved properties.
- the addition of naphthenic base b) surprisingly improves the viscosity at - 40°C of the paraffinic base, as well as its lubricity (BOCLE). This shows that it is possible to replace at least part of the aromatic base, frequently used in combination with paraffinic bases, by a naphthenic base, and thus reduce the formation of fine particles and the presence of streaks.
- Example 2 Comparative composition comprising a naphthenic base of fossil origin
- a comparative composition C3* comprising 61% by volume of HEFA conforming to the paraffinic base a) according to the invention (that of Example 1) and 39% by volume of the fossil naphthenic base b') was prepared.
- composition of the naphthenic base b’ was determined by GC2D and is as described in the following table
- the comparative composition C3* as well as the HEFA base and the naphthenic base b’) present the characteristics detailed in the following table (these characteristics were determined according to the standards specified in each column):
- the naphthenic base b') of fossil origin comprises compounds having a higher average carbon number than the naphthenic base b) according to the invention used in example 1.
- the C3* composition has too high a viscosity and does not comply with the ASTM D7566 standard.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a jet fuel composition obtained from renewable feedstocks and comprising, relative to the total volume of the composition: a. 50 to 90% by volume of at least one paraffin base obtained from a hydrotreatment of esters and of fatty acids, from a Fischer-Tropsch process or from a process for the production of jet fuel from alcohols, and comprising at least 90% by weight of paraffins relative to the total weight of the paraffin base, b. 10 to 50% by volume of at least one C8-C16 naphthenic base, said naphthenic base being obtained from the hydrogenation of a C8-C16 aromatic base, said aromatic base corresponding to the C8-C16 fraction of a biofuel produced by a process for converting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol into fuel, and said aromatic base containing at least 60% by weight of aromatic compounds relative to the total weight of the aromatic base, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, of benzene substituted with at least m methyl(s), m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl(s), n being an integer from 1 to 3, wherein said jet fuel composition comprises 10 to 49% by weight of naphthenic compounds relative to the total weight of the composition.
Description
Composition renouvelable de carburéacteur à teneur élevée en composés naphténiques Renewable jet fuel composition with high naphthenic content
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention concerne le domaine des carburéacteurs et en particulier un carburéacteur issu de charges renouvelables à teneur élevée en composés naphténiques. The present invention relates to the field of jet fuels and in particular to jet fuel derived from renewable feedstocks with a high content of naphthenic compounds.
CONTEXTE DE L’INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Le carburant conventionnel de type carburéacteur est produit à partir de pétrole brut et contient un mélange complexe d'hydrocarbures qui ont typiquement 6 à 18 atomes de carbone. Ces hydrocarbures comprennent des alcanes linéaires et ramifiés, des cycloalcanes et des hydrocarbures aromatiques. En raison de la charge d’origine pétrolière et des procédés de production, le carburant conventionnel de type carburéacteur, appelé également jet, contient typiquement jusqu'à 25 % en volume d'hydrocarbures aromatiques, plus spécifiquement typiquement de 10% à 25% en volume d'hydrocarbures aromatiques. Une proportion significative, habituellement de l'ordre de moins de 5 % d’hydrocarbures aromatiques, sont polycycliques (c'est-à-dire qu’ils contiennent deux ou plusieurs cycles aromatiques) et généralement de type naphtalènes. De tels composés sont nocifs pour la santé (par exemple cancérigènes) et ont de mauvaises propriétés de combustion. Conventional jet fuel is produced from crude oil and contains a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that typically have 6 to 18 carbon atoms. These hydrocarbons include linear and branched alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Due to the petroleum-based feedstock and production processes, conventional jet fuel, also called jet fuel, typically contains up to 25% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, more specifically typically 10% to 25% by volume. volume of aromatic hydrocarbons. A significant proportion, usually of the order of less than 5% of aromatic hydrocarbons, are polycyclic (i.e. they contain two or more aromatic rings) and generally of the naphthalene type. Such compounds are harmful to health (e.g. carcinogenic) and have poor combustion properties.
Les contraintes environnementales, économiques et énergétiques ont encouragé la diversification des ressources énergétiques et le développement de nouveaux carburants en particulier dans le domaine de l’aviation. Environmental, economic and energy constraints have encouraged the diversification of energy resources and the development of new fuels, particularly in the field of aviation.
Les carburants renouvelables dérivés de la matière biologique sont une alternative aux combustibles fossiles conventionnels. Les jets conventionnels peuvent être mélangés à des bases paraffiniques issues de charges renouvelables telles que prévues par la norme D7566-21 , permettant ainsi la production de carburants d’aviation alternatifs. Les bases pour carburant d’aviation issues de charges renouvelables pouvant être incorporées à du jet fossile sont : Renewable fuels derived from biological matter are an alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Conventional jets can be mixed with paraffinic bases from renewable feedstocks as provided for by standard D7566-21, thus allowing the production of alternative aviation fuels. The bases for aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks that can be incorporated into fossil fuels are:
- les kérosènes paraffiniques synthétiques [SPK], issus de procédés tels que le procédé Fischer-Tropsch, l’hydrotraitement d’esters et d’acides gras [HEFA- SPK] ou produit par la voie Alcohol-to-jet (transformation d’alcool en kérosène) [ATJ-SPK], - synthetic paraffinic kerosenes [SPK], resulting from processes such as the Fischer-Tropsch process, the hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids [HEFA-SPK] or produced by the Alcohol-to-jet route (transformation of alcohol into kerosene) [ATJ-SPK],
- les isoparaffines synthétiques produites par hydrotraitement à partir de sucres fermentés [SIP-HFS],
les kérosènes aromatiques synthétiques obtenus par alkylation d’aromatiques légers de source non-pétrolière [SPK/A], - synthetic isoparaffins produced by hydrotreatment from fermented sugars [SIP-HFS], synthetic aromatic kerosenes obtained by alkylation of light aromatics from non-petroleum sources [SPK/A],
- les kérosènes de synthèse obtenus à partir de la conversion hydrothermale d’esters d’acide gras et d’acide gras, et - synthetic kerosenes obtained from the hydrothermal conversion of fatty acid esters and fatty acids, and
- les kérosènes paraffiniques synthétiques [SPK] obtenus à partir d’hydrocarbures, d’esters et d’acides gras hydrotraités. - synthetic paraffinic kerosenes [SPK] obtained from hydrocarbons, esters and hydrotreated fatty acids.
A court terme, les carburants renouvelables sont introduits en mélange avec les carburants fossiles, mais il sera rapidement nécessaire d’utiliser des carburants renouvelables purs, sans les mélanger à du jet fossile. Il est donc nécessaire de développer des formulations de carburants renouvelables qui répondent aux spécifications en vigueur et/ou qui soient compatibles avec les avions actuels et futurs In the short term, renewable fuels are introduced mixed with fossil fuels, but it will quickly be necessary to use pure renewable fuels, without mixing them with fossil fuels. It is therefore necessary to develop renewable fuel formulations that meet current specifications and/or are compatible with current and future aircraft.
Actuellement, les bases de carburant d’aviation renouvelables ne peuvent pour la plupart être utilisées seules en raison de leur composition très éloignée des jets fossiles, qui posent notamment des problèmes de compatibilité avec les matériaux des éléments avec lesquels le carburant est en contact. Ceci provient du fait que ces bases sont principalement constituées de paraffines. Elles présentent donc de bonnes propriétés de combustion, mais posent des problèmes d’utilisation dans les avions actuels, notamment des problèmes de compatibilité de matériaux, de faible densité, de faible pouvoir lubrifiant, de température d’auto-inflammation trop basse. Une possibilité pour résoudre ce problème est d’ajouter une base aromatique à la base paraffinique. L’article - Kramer S, Andac G, Heyne J, Ellsworth J, Herzig P and Lewis KC (2022) Perspectives on Fully Synthesized Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Direction and Opportunities. Front. Energy Res. 9:782823. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2021 .782823 - présente ainsi les voies probables de production de SAF dits 100% drop-in, par mélange de bases paraffiniques et de bases aromatiques. Toutefois, même si les composés aromatiques améliorent la lubrification et la tenue des joints, ils ont un impact négatif sur les émissions en combustion, principalement sur la formation de particules fines et la présence de trainées. Currently, most renewable aviation fuel bases cannot be used alone due to their composition, which is very different from fossil jets, which in particular pose compatibility problems with the materials of the elements with which the fuel is in contact. This comes from the fact that these bases are mainly made up of paraffins. They therefore have good combustion properties, but pose problems of use in current aircraft, in particular problems of material compatibility, low density, low lubricity, too low auto-ignition temperature. One possibility to solve this problem is to add an aromatic base to the paraffinic base. The article - Kramer S, Andac G, Heyne J, Ellsworth J, Herzig P and Lewis KC (2022) Perspectives on Fully Synthesized Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Direction and Opportunities. Forehead. Energy Res. 9:782823. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2021.782823 - thus presents the probable routes for producing so-called 100% drop-in SAF, by mixing paraffinic bases and aromatic bases. However, even if aromatic compounds improve lubrication and seal performance, they have a negative impact on combustion emissions, mainly on the formation of fine particles and the presence of streaks.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE STATE OF THE ART
Le brevet US 8,629,310 décrit un procédé de production permettant de convertir des matières premières oxygénées dérivées de la biomasse en différents carburants, notamment des hydrocarbures de la gamme des gaz, des carburéacteurs et des carburants diesel. Les compositions obtenues comprennent plus de 50% en masse de composés naphténiques.
La demande WO 2021/237030 décrit une composition de kérosène produite à partir de pétrole brut et d’huile de schiste, et comprenant une quantité substantielle de composés aromatiques comprise entre 4 et 10% en masse. US Patent 8,629,310 describes a production process for converting oxygenated biomass-derived feedstocks into various fuels, including gas-range hydrocarbons, jet fuels and diesel fuels. The compositions obtained comprise more than 50% by mass of naphthenic compounds. Application WO 2021/237030 describes a kerosene composition produced from crude oil and shale oil, and comprising a substantial quantity of aromatic compounds of between 4 and 10% by mass.
La demande US 2019/0002778 décrit une composition de kérosène produite par mélange d’un a) composant de carburant de gamme aviation et d’un b) composant de carburant de gamme diesel d'origine renouvelable. Application US 2019/0002778 describes a kerosene composition produced by mixing an a) aviation fuel component and a b) diesel fuel component of renewable origin.
La demande US 2009/0253947 décrit un procédé de production, en particulier un procédé de production intégré, d'un mélange de carburant à partir d'un composant riche en paraffines et d'un composant riche en composés cycliques, chacun des composants étant généré à partir d'une matière première renouvelable. Application US 2009/0253947 describes a production process, in particular an integrated production process, of a fuel mixture from a component rich in paraffins and a component rich in cyclic compounds, each of the components being generated from a renewable raw material.
Le brevet US 10,087,374 décrit un procédé de conversion de triacylglycérides en précurseurs de pétrole brut et/ou en combustibles hydrocarbonés distillés. US Patent 10,087,374 describes a process for converting triacylglycerides into crude oil precursors and/or distilled hydrocarbon fuels.
Aucune de ces compositions ne permet d’optimiser leur qualité de combustion tout en préservant, voire en améliorant, leurs propriétés, telles que leur compatibilité avec les matériaux, en particulier avec les joints, leur densité, leur pouvoir lubrifiant, leur viscosité et/ou leur température d’auto-inflammation. None of these compositions makes it possible to optimize their combustion quality while preserving, or even improving, their properties, such as their compatibility with materials, in particular with seals, their density, their lubricating power, their viscosity and/or their autoignition temperature.
Il existe donc un besoin de nouvelles compositions de carburéacteur issues exclusivement de charges renouvelables, présentant une qualité de combustion améliorée par rapport aux compositions de carburéacteur existantes, tout en préservant, voire améliorant au moins une de leurs propriétés choisies parmi leur compatibilité avec les matériaux, en particulier avec les joints, leur densité, leur densité énergétique, leur pouvoir lubrifiant et/ou leur température d’auto-inflammation. There is therefore a need for new jet fuel compositions derived exclusively from renewable feedstocks, presenting improved combustion quality compared to existing jet fuel compositions, while preserving or even improving at least one of their properties chosen from their compatibility with materials, in particular with the seals, their density, their energy density, their lubricity and/or their auto-ignition temperature.
Il existe également un besoin pour un procédé permettant la préparation de compositions de carburéacteur issues exclusivement de charges renouvelables et présentant une qualité de combustion améliorée par rapport aux compositions de carburéacteur existantes, tout en préservant, voire améliorant au moins une de leurs propriétés choisies parmi leur compatibilité avec les matériaux, en particulier avec les joints, leur densité, leur pouvoir lubrifiant, leur viscosité, leur température d’auto-inflammation, et/ou en améliorant leur impact environnemental. There is also a need for a process allowing the preparation of jet fuel compositions derived exclusively from renewable feedstocks and having improved combustion quality compared to existing jet fuel compositions, while preserving or even improving at least one of their properties chosen from their compatibility with materials, in particular with seals, their density, their lubricity, their viscosity, their auto-ignition temperature, and/or by improving their environmental impact.
DESCRIPTION DE L’INVENTION DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A cet effet, l’invention concerne une composition de carburéacteur issue de charges renouvelables comprenant, par rapport au volume total de la composition : a. de 50 à 90% en volume d’au moins une base paraffinique issue d’un hydrotraitement d’esters et d’acides gras, d’un procédé Fischer-Tropsch ou d’un procédé
de production de carburéacteur à partir d’alcools, et comprenant au moins 90% en masse de paraffines par rapport à la masse totale de la base paraffinique, b. de 10 à 50% en volume d’au moins une base naphténique en C8-C16, ladite base naphténique étant issue de l’hydrogénation d’une base aromatique en C8-C16, ladite base aromatique correspondant à la fraction C8-C16 d’un biocarburant produit par un procédé de conversion en carburant d’au moins un bioalcool en C1 -C6, et ladite base aromatique contenant au moins 60% en masse de composés aromatiques par rapport à la masse totale de la base aromatique, lesdits composés aromatiques comprenant au moins 50% en masse, de préférence au moins 80% en masse, de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyle, m étant un entier de 1 à 3, et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier de 1 à 3, dans laquelle ladite composition de carburéacteur comprend de 10 à 49% en masse de composés naphténiques par rapport à la masse totale de la composition. To this end, the invention relates to a jet fuel composition derived from renewable feedstocks comprising, relative to the total volume of the composition: a. from 50 to 90% by volume of at least one paraffinic base resulting from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids, from a Fischer-Tropsch process or from a process for the production of jet fuel from alcohols, and comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins relative to the total mass of the paraffinic base, b. from 10 to 50% by volume of at least one C8-C16 naphthenic base, said naphthenic base being obtained from the hydrogenation of a C8-C16 aromatic base, said aromatic base corresponding to the C8-C16 fraction of a biofuel produced by a process for converting at least one C1 -C6 bioalcohol into fuel, and said aromatic base containing at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds relative to the total mass of the aromatic base, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted by at least m methyl, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3, wherein said jet fuel composition comprises from 10 to 49% by mass of naphthenic compounds relative to the total mass of the composition.
Les inventeurs ont découvert qu’une telle composition, comprenant notamment de 10 à 50% en volume d’au moins une base naphténique en C8-C16, permet de résoudre les problèmes techniques précités. Elle présente une qualité de combustion améliorée par rapport aux compositions de carburéacteur existantes, tout en préservant, voire améliorant au moins une de leurs propriétés choisies parmi leur compatibilité avec les matériaux, en particulier avec les joints, leur densité, leur pouvoir lubrifiant et/ou leur température d’autoinflammation. The inventors have discovered that such a composition, comprising in particular from 10 to 50% by volume of at least one C8-C16 naphthenic base, makes it possible to resolve the aforementioned technical problems. It presents an improved combustion quality compared to existing jet fuel compositions, while preserving or even improving at least one of their properties chosen from their compatibility with the materials, in particular with the seals, their density, their lubricating power and/or their autoignition temperature.
De préférence, la composition comprend une quantité inférieure ou égale à 15% en volume, de préférence inférieure à 8% en volume, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 5% en volume de composés aromatiques, par rapport au volume total de la composition. Preferably, the composition comprises a quantity less than or equal to 15% by volume, preferably less than 8% by volume, preferably less than or equal to 5% by volume of aromatic compounds, relative to the total volume of the composition.
De préférence, la base naphténique comprend des composés aromatiques et des composés naphténiques, et présente un ratio massique entre les composés naphténiques et les composés aromatiques supérieur ou égal à 1 , de préférence supérieur ou égal à 2, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 5. Preferably, the naphthenic base comprises aromatic compounds and naphthenic compounds, and has a mass ratio between the naphthenic compounds and the aromatic compounds greater than or equal to 1, preferably greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than or equal to 5.
De préférence, la composition comprend en outre de 1 à 18% en volume, de préférence de 1 à 10% en volume, par rapport au volume total de la composition, d’au moins une base aromatique en C8-C16, ladite base aromatique correspondant à la fraction C8-C16 d’un biocarburant produit par un procédé de conversion en carburant d’au moins un bioalcool en C1 -C6 et caractérisée en ce que ladite base aromatique contient au moins 60% en masse de composés aromatiques, lesdits composés aromatiques comprenant au
moins 50% en masse de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyle, m étant un entier de 1 à 3, et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier de 1 à 3. Preferably, the composition further comprises from 1 to 18% by volume, preferably from 1 to 10% by volume, relative to the total volume of the composition, of at least one C8-C16 aromatic base, said aromatic base corresponding to the C8-C16 fraction of a biofuel produced by a process for converting at least one C1 -C6 bioalcohol into fuel and characterized in that said aromatic base contains at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said compounds aromatics including least 50% by mass of benzene substituted by at least m methyl, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3.
De préférence, le biocarburant comprend au moins 90% en volume de composés en C4-C40, préférentiellement de composés en C4-C20, par rapport au volume total du biocarburant. Preferably, the biofuel comprises at least 90% by volume of C4-C40 compounds, preferably C4-C20 compounds, relative to the total volume of the biofuel.
L’invention concerne également un procédé de production d’une composition de carburéacteur issue de charges renouvelables, comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes a) la production d’au moins une base paraffinique à partir d’un hydrotraitement d’esters et d’acides gras, d’un procédé Fischer-Tropsch ou d’un procédé de production de carburéacteur à partir d’alcools (dits alcools to jet), ladite base paraffinique comprenant au moins 90% en masse de paraffines, b) la production d’au moins une base aromatique en C8-C16 comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : i) la production d’un biocarburant par un procédé de conversion en carburant d’au moins un bioalcool en C1 -C6, ii) la récupération de ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 par fractionnement dudit biocarburant obtenu à l’étape i), ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 comprenant au moins 60 % en masse de composés aromatiques, lesdits composés aromatiques comprenant au moins 50% en masse, de préférence au moins 80% en masse, de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyle, m étant un entier de 1 à 3, et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier de 1 à 3, et c) l’hydrogénation de la base aromatique en C8-C16. The invention also relates to a method for producing a jet fuel composition from renewable feedstocks, comprising at least the following steps a) the production of at least one paraffinic base from a hydrotreatment of esters and acids fatty, a Fischer-Tropsch process or a process for producing jet fuel from alcohols (called jet alcohols), said paraffinic base comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins, b) the production of at at least one C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least the following steps: i) the production of a biofuel by a process for converting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol into fuel, ii) the recovery of said aromatic base in C8-C16 by fractionation of said biofuel obtained in step i), said C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted by at least m methyl, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3, and c) the hydrogenation of the aromatic base in C8-C16.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’étape c) comprend l’hydrogénation de la base aromatique en C8-C16 obtenue à l’issue de l’étape b) pour obtenir une base naphténique, et le procédé comprend en outre une étape d) de mélange de 50% à 90% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 10% à 50% en volume de la base naphténique produite à l’étape c), et l’obtention d’une composition de carburéacteur comprenant une base paraffinique et une base naphténique, les % en volume étant par rapport au volume total de la composition. According to one embodiment, step c) comprises the hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base obtained at the end of step b) to obtain a naphthenic base, and the process further comprises step d) mixing 50% to 90% by volume of the at least one paraffin base produced in step a) with 10% to 50% by volume of the naphthenic base produced in step c), and obtaining 'a jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base, the volume % being relative to the total volume of the composition.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le procédé comprend, entre l’étape b) et l’étape c), une étape b’) de mélange de 50% à 90% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 10 à 50% en volume de l’au moins une base aromatique produite à l’étape b) pour obtenir un mélange de bases paraffinique et aromatique, les % en volume
étant par rapport au volume total du mélange, et l’étape c) d’hydrogénation de la base aromatique en C8-C16 comprend l’hydrogénation du mélange de bases paraffinique et aromatique obtenu l’étape b’), et l’obtention d’une composition de carburéacteur comprenant une base paraffinique et une base naphténique. According to another embodiment, the process comprises, between step b) and step c), a step b') of mixing 50% to 90% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced at step a) with 10 to 50% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b) to obtain a mixture of paraffinic and aromatic bases, the % by volume being relative to the total volume of the mixture, and step c) of hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base comprises the hydrogenation of the mixture of paraffinic and aromatic bases obtained in step b'), and obtaining d 'a jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base.
L’invention concerne donc en particulier un procédé de production d’une composition de carburéacteur issue de charges renouvelables, comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : a) la production d’au moins une base paraffinique à partir d’un hydrotraitement d’esters et d’acides gras, d’un procédé Fischer-Tropsch ou d’un procédé de production de carburéacteur à partir d’alcools, ladite au moins une base paraffinique comprenant au moins 90% en masse de paraffines, b) la production d’au moins une base aromatique en C8-C16 comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : i) la production d’un biocarburant par un procédé de conversion en carburant d’au moins un bioalcool en C1 -C6, ii) la récupération de ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 par fractionnement dudit biocarburant obtenu à l’étape i), ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 comprenant au moins 60 % en masse de composés aromatiques, lesdits composés aromatiques comprenant au moins 50% en masse, de préférence au moins 80% en masse, de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyles, m étant un entier de 1 à 3, et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier de 1 à 3, c) l’hydrogénation de la base aromatique en C8-C16 obtenue à l’issue de l’étape b) pour obtenir une base naphténique, et d) le mélange de 50% à 90% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 10 à 50% en volume de la base naphténique produite à l’étape c), et l’obtention d’une composition de carburéacteur comprenant une base paraffinique et une base naphténique. The invention therefore relates in particular to a process for producing a jet fuel composition derived from renewable feedstocks, comprising at least the following steps: a) the production of at least one paraffinic base from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids, a Fischer-Tropsch process or a process for producing jet fuel from alcohols, said at least one paraffinic base comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins, b) the production of at least at least one C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least the following steps: i) the production of a biofuel by a process for converting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol into fuel, ii) the recovery of said aromatic base in C8-C16 by fractionation of said biofuel obtained in step i), said C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted by at least m methyls, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3, c) hydrogenation of the C8 aromatic base -C16 obtained at the end of step b) to obtain a naphthenic base, and d) the mixture of 50% to 90% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 10 to 50% by volume of the naphthenic base produced in step c), and obtaining a jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base.
L’invention concerne également en particulier un procédé de production d’une composition de carburéacteur issue de charges renouvelables comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : a) la production d’au moins une base paraffinique à partir d’un hydrotraitement d’esters et d’acides gras, d’un procédé Fischer-Tropsch ou d’un procédé de production de carburéacteur à partir d’alcools, ladite au moins une base paraffinique comprenant au moins 90% en masse de paraffines,
b) la production d’au moins une base aromatique en C8-C16 comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : i) la production d’un biocarburant par un procédé de conversion en carburant d’au moins un bioalcool en C1-C6, ii) la récupération de ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 par fractionnement dudit biocarburant obtenu à l’étape i), ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 comprenant au moins 60 % en masse de composés aromatiques, lesdits composés aromatiques comprenant au moins 50% en masse, de préférence au moins 80% en masse, de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyle, m étant un entier de 1 à 3, et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier de 1 à 3, c) le mélange de 50% à 90% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 10 à 50% en volume de l’au moins une base aromatique produite à l’étape b) pour obtenir un mélange de bases paraffinique et aromatique, et d) l’hydrogénation du mélange de bases paraffinique et aromatique obtenu l’étape c), et l’obtention d’une composition de carburéacteur comprenant une base paraffinique et une base naphténique. The invention also relates in particular to a process for producing a jet fuel composition derived from renewable feedstocks comprising at least the following steps: a) the production of at least one paraffinic base from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids, a Fischer-Tropsch process or a process for producing jet fuel from alcohols, said at least one paraffinic base comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins, b) the production of at least one C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least the following steps: i) the production of a biofuel by a process for converting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol into fuel, ii) recovering said C8-C16 aromatic base by fractionation of said biofuel obtained in step i), said C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass , preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted by at least m methyl, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3, c) the mixture from 50% to 90% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 10 to 50% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b) to obtain a mixture of paraffinic and aromatic bases, and d) hydrogenating the mixture of paraffinic and aromatic bases obtained in step c), and obtaining a jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’hydrogénation des procédés selon l’invention est totale. According to one embodiment, the hydrogenation of the processes according to the invention is complete.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l’invention, l’hydrogénation des procédés selon l’invention est partielle. According to another embodiment of the invention, the hydrogenation of the processes according to the invention is partial.
De préférence, dans les procédés selon l’invention, l’au moins une base paraffinique issue de l’étape a) est produite à partir d'une ou plusieurs huiles choisies parmi les huiles végétales, les graisses animales, préférentiellement les huiles hautement saturées non comestibles, les huiles usagées, les sous-produits du raffinage des huiles végétales ou d'huile(s) animale(s) contenant des acides gras libres, des tallols, et des huiles produites par des bactéries, levures, algues, procaryotes ou eucaryotes. Preferably, in the processes according to the invention, the at least one paraffinic base resulting from step a) is produced from one or more oils chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, preferably highly saturated oils. non-edible, used oils, by-products of the refining of vegetable oils or animal oil(s) containing free fatty acids, tall oils, and oils produced by bacteria, yeasts, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
De préférence, les procédés selon l’invention comprennent en outre une étape e) d’ajout de 1% à 18% en volume par rapport au volume total de la composition, de préférence de 1% à 10% en volume, de la base aromatique produite à l’étape b) dans la composition de carburéacteur comprenant une base paraffinique et une base naphténique. Preferably, the processes according to the invention further comprise a step e) of adding 1% to 18% by volume relative to the total volume of the composition, preferably 1% to 10% by volume, of the base aromatic produced in step b) in the jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base.
De préférence, dans les procédés selon l’invention, les étapes a), b), c), d), et éventuellement e) lorsque présente, sont opérées dans des procédés distincts. Preferably, in the processes according to the invention, steps a), b), c), d), and optionally e) when present, are carried out in separate processes.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L’INVENTION
Les termes « comprenant » et « comprend » tels qu’utilisés ici sont synonymes avec « incluant », « inclut » ou « contient », « contenant », et sont inclusifs ou sans bornes et n’excluent pas de caractéristiques additionnelles, d’éléments ou d’étapes de méthodes non spécifiés. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The terms "comprising" and "comprises" as used herein are synonymous with "including", "includes" or "contains", "containing", and are inclusive or unlimited and do not exclude additional features, unspecified elements or method steps.
Les expressions % en poids et % en masse ont une signification équivalente et se réfèrent à la proportion de la masse d’un produit rapportée à 100g d’une composition le comprenant. The expressions % by weight and % by mass have an equivalent meaning and refer to the proportion of the mass of a product compared to 100g of a composition comprising it.
L’expression % en volume se réfère à la proportion du volume d’un produit rapportée à 100 L d’une composition le comprenant. The expression % by volume refers to the proportion of the volume of a product compared to 100 L of a composition comprising it.
Par « composés naphténiques », on entend des cycloalcanes ou des polycycloalcanes en C8-C16, éventuellement substitués par un ou plusieurs groupements alkyles en C1 -C5. By “naphthenic compounds” is meant C8-C16 cycloalkanes or polycycloalkanes, optionally substituted by one or more C1-C5 alkyl groups.
Base paraffinique selon l’invention Paraffinic base according to the invention
On entend par base paraffinique un carburant synthétique paraffinique produit à partir de matière première d’origine non pétrolière compatible avec la spécification ASTM D7566:21 et contenant au moins 95% en masse de composés paraffiniques. Paraffinic base means a synthetic paraffinic fuel produced from raw material of non-petroleum origin compatible with the ASTM D7566:21 specification and containing at least 95% by mass of paraffinic compounds.
Ledit carburant synthétique paraffinique est avantageusement un kérosène paraffinique synthétique (SPK) renouvelable issu d’un hydrotraitement d’esters et d’acides gras (SPK-HEFA) ou issu d’un procédé Fischer Tropsch (SPK-FT) ou issu d’un procédé de transformation d’alcool en kérosène isoparaffinique (SPK-ATJ). Said synthetic paraffinic fuel is advantageously a renewable synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) resulting from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids (SPK-HEFA) or resulting from a Fischer Tropsch process (SPK-FT) or resulting from a process for converting alcohol into isoparaffinic kerosene (SPK-ATJ).
Le carburant synthétique paraffinique de la présente invention est ainsi un carburant renouvelable obtenu exclusivement à partir de composés d’origine non fossile. The synthetic paraffinic fuel of the present invention is thus a renewable fuel obtained exclusively from compounds of non-fossil origin.
Le carburant synthétique paraffinique renouvelable SPK-HEFA est compatible avec la spécification ASTM D7566:21 Annexe 2. SPK-HEFA Renewable Synthetic Paraffin Fuel is compatible with ASTM D7566:21 Annex 2.
Le carburant synthétique paraffinique renouvelable SPK-HEFA peut être produit à partir d'huile(s) d'origine naturelle par un procédé d'hydrogénation et de désoxygénation d'esters d'acides gras et d'acides gras libres et du traitement ultérieur du produit comprenant l'hydrocraquage, ou l'hydroisomérisation, ou l'isomérisation, ou une combinaison de ces étapes, et peut inclure d'autres procédés de raffinage conventionnels. En d'autres termes, le carburant synthétique paraffinique renouvelable SPK-HEFA est produit à partir de l’hydrotraitement d'esters et d'acides gras d’une huile d’origine naturelle. SPK-HEFA renewable synthetic paraffinic fuel can be produced from oil(s) of natural origin by a process of hydrogenation and deoxygenation of fatty acid esters and free fatty acids and subsequent processing of the product comprising hydrocracking, or hydroisomerization, or isomerization, or a combination of these steps, and may include other conventional refining processes. In other words, SPK-HEFA renewable paraffinic synthetic fuel is produced from the hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids from an oil of natural origin.
Une huile d'origine naturelle est définie comme une huile d'origine biomasse et ne contenant aucune huile minérale. Dans la description « huile(s) d'origine naturelle » désigne indifféremment les huiles, les graisses et leurs mélanges. La ou lesdites huiles d'origine naturelle peuvent contenir une ou plusieurs huiles choisies parmi les huiles végétales, les
graisses animales, préférentiellement les huiles hautement saturées non comestibles, les huiles usagées, les sous-produits du raffinage d'huile(s) végétale(s) ou d'huile(s) animale(s) contenant les acides gras libres, les tallols et les huiles produites par des bactéries, des levures, des algues, des procaryotes ou des eucaryotes. Les huiles végétales appropriées sont par exemple l'huile de palme, l'huile de palmiste, l'huile de soja, l'huile de colza (colza ou canola), l'huile de tournesol, l'huile de lin, l'huile de son, l’huile de riz, l'huile de maïs, l'huile d'olive, l'huile de ricin, l’huile de sésame, l’huile de pin, l’huile d'arachide, l’huile de moutarde, l’huile de carinata, l’huile de chanvre, l’huile de noix de coco, l’huile de babasu, l’huile de coton, l’huile de linola, l’huile de jatropha. Les graisses animales comprennent le suif, le saindoux, la graisse (graisse jaune et brune), l'hu ile/la graisse de poisson, la matière grasse, les graisses de lait. An oil of natural origin is defined as an oil of biomass origin and containing no mineral oil. In the description “oil(s) of natural origin” refers indifferently to oils, fats and their mixtures. Said oil(s) of natural origin may contain one or more oils chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, preferably highly saturated inedible oils, used oils, by-products of the refining of vegetable oil(s) or animal oil(s) containing free fatty acids, tall oils and oils produced by bacteria, yeast, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Suitable vegetable oils are, for example, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil (rapeseed or canola), sunflower oil, linseed oil, bran oil, rice oil, corn oil, olive oil, castor oil, sesame oil, pine oil, peanut oil, mustard oil, carinata oil, hemp oil, coconut oil, babasu oil, cottonseed oil, linola oil, jatropha oil. Animal fats include tallow, lard, grease (yellow and brown fat), fish oil/fat, shortening, milk fat.
Les sous-produits du raffinage des huiles végétales ou animales sont des sous- produits contenant des acides gras libres qui sont éliminés des graisses et huiles brutes par neutralisation ou distillation sous vide ou à la vapeur. Un exemple typique est le PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate). Les huiles usagées comprennent les huiles de cuisson usagées (huiles alimentaires usagées) et les huiles récupérées à partir des eaux résiduelles, telles que les graisses/huiles de vidange, les huiles de gouttière, les huiles d'égout, par exemple des stations d'épuration des eaux, et les graisses usagées de l'industrie alimentaire. Les tall oil, y compris les tall oil bruts, les tall oil distillés (DTO) et les acides gras de tall oil (TOFA), de préférence le DTO et le TOFA, peuvent également être utilisés dans la présente invention. Le tall oil, ou autrement appelé tallol, est un sous-produit liquide du procédé Kraft de transformation du bois, permettant d'isoler d'une part la pâte de bois utile à l'industrie papetière. Le tall oil est essentiellement obtenu lorsque les conifères sont utilisés dans le procédé Kraft. Après traitement des copeaux de bois avec du sulfure de sodium en solution aqueuse, le tall oil isolé est alcalin. Ce dernier est ensuite acidifié avec de l'acide sulfurique pour produire du tall oil brut. La ou les huiles d'origine naturelle utilisées dans la présente invention comprennent également des huiles produites par des micro-organismes, soit des micro-organismes naturels soit des micro-organismes génétiquement modifiés, tels que des bactéries, des levures, des algues, des procaryotes ou des eucaryotes. En particulier de telles huiles peuvent être récupérées par des méthodes d'extraction mécanique ou chimique bien connues. By-products of vegetable or animal oil refining are by-products containing free fatty acids which are removed from crude fats and oils by neutralization or vacuum or steam distillation. A typical example is PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate). Waste oils include used cooking oils (waste cooking oils) and oils recovered from waste water, such as grease/drainage oils, gutter oils, sewage oils, e.g. from sewage stations. water purification, and used fats from the food industry. Tall oils, including crude tall oil, distilled tall oil (DTO) and tall oil fatty acids (TOFA), preferably DTO and TOFA, can also be used in the present invention. Tall oil, or otherwise called tall oil, is a liquid by-product of the Kraft wood processing process, making it possible to isolate wood pulp useful for the paper industry. Tall oil is mainly obtained when conifers are used in the Kraft process. After treatment of wood chips with sodium sulfide in aqueous solution, the isolated tall oil is alkaline. The latter is then acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude tall oil. The oil(s) of natural origin used in the present invention also include oils produced by microorganisms, either natural microorganisms or genetically modified microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes. In particular, such oils can be recovered by well-known mechanical or chemical extraction methods.
Le carburant synthétique paraffinique renouvelable SPK-FT est issu d’un procédé de Fischer-Tropsch et peut être produit à partir de biomasse solide. Il est compatible avec la spécification ASTM D7566:21 Annexe 1 . La conversion thermochimique de la biomasse (gazéification et synthèse Fisher-Tropsch), aussi appelée BtL (Biomass to Liquid),
comprend les étapes suivantes : conditionnement de la biomasse (préparation, trituration, torréfaction), gazéification de la biomasse (obtention d’un gaz de synthèse), purification du gaz de synthèse, synthèse Fisher-Tropsch pour transformer le gaz en biocarburant de synthèse. The SPK-FT renewable paraffinic synthetic fuel comes from a Fischer-Tropsch process and can be produced from solid biomass. It is compatible with the ASTM D7566:21 Annex 1 specification. Thermochemical conversion of biomass (gasification and Fisher-Tropsch synthesis), also called BtL (Biomass to Liquid), includes the following steps: conditioning of the biomass (preparation, crushing, roasting), gasification of the biomass (obtaining a synthesis gas), purification of the synthesis gas, Fisher-Tropsch synthesis to transform the gas into synthetic biofuel.
Quel que soit le procédé précité utilisé, le carburant synthétique paraffinique peut avoir été soumis à une étape d’isomérisation et/ou de distillation avant son incorporation dans la composition de l’invention, afin d’éliminer les paraffines linéaires les plus lourdes qui ne permettraient pas de respecter les propriétés à froid du jet, en particulier le point de disparition des cristaux qui doit être inférieur à -47°C pour le Jet A1 . Les composés les plus légers peuvent également être séparés par distillation, afin de respecter, notamment, les propriétés de volatilité et du point éclair du jet A1 . Quel que soit le procédé précité utilisé, le carburant synthétique paraffinique renouvelable peut présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : Whatever the aforementioned process used, the synthetic paraffin fuel may have been subjected to an isomerization and/or distillation step before its incorporation into the composition of the invention, in order to eliminate the heaviest linear paraffins which do not would not allow the cold properties of the jet to be respected, in particular the disappearance point of the crystals which must be lower than -47°C for Jet A1. The lightest compounds can also be separated by distillation, in order to respect, in particular, the properties of volatility and flash point of jet A1. Regardless of the aforementioned process used, the renewable paraffinic synthetic fuel may have one or more of the following characteristics:
- une teneur en paraffines supérieure à 90% en masse, - a paraffin content greater than 90% by mass,
- une teneur en cycloparaffines inférieure à 10 % en masse, - a cycloparaffin content of less than 10% by mass,
- un point de congélation inférieur à -30°C, de préférence inférieur à -40°C, par exemple inférieur à -47°C, - a freezing point lower than -30°C, preferably lower than -40°C, for example lower than -47°C,
- une densité à 15°C comprise entre 730 et 780kg/m3, - a density at 15°C of between 730 and 780 kg/m 3 ,
- un intervalle de distillation de 145°C à 315°C, - a distillation range of 145°C to 315°C,
- une teneur en isoparaffines de 70 % en masse ou plus. - an isoparaffin content of 70% by mass or more.
Le carburant synthétique paraffinique renouvelable SPK-ATJ correspond entre autre à la spécification ASTM D7566:21 Annexe 5 mais peut également être produit à partir de tout alcool de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone. Le carburant renouvelable SPK-ATJ est obtenu par déshydratation d’alcools pour produire des oléfines, puis par oligomérisation des oléfines pour obtenir des molécules hydrocarbonées insaturées dans la plage de température d’ébullition du SAF. Ces molécules hydrocarbonées insaturées sont ensuite hydrogénées pour produire la base paraffinique. The SPK-ATJ renewable paraffinic synthetic fuel corresponds, among other things, to the ASTM D7566:21 Annex 5 specification but can also be produced from any alcohol of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. SPK-ATJ renewable fuel is obtained by dehydrating alcohols to produce olefins, then oligomerizing the olefins to obtain unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules in the boiling temperature range of SAF. These unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules are then hydrogenated to produce the paraffinic base.
Base naphténique selon l’invention Naphthenic base according to the invention
La base naphténique en C8-C16 est produite par hydrogénation d’une base aromatique en C8-C16, la base aromatique étant telle que définie ci-dessous. The C8-C16 naphthenic base is produced by hydrogenation of a C8-C16 aromatic base, the aromatic base being as defined below.
L’hydrogénation de la base aromatique en C8-C16 hydrogène partiellement ou totalement les composés aromatiques. The hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base partially or completely hydrogenates the aromatic compounds.
L’hydrogénation de la base aromatique en C8-C16 peut être mise en œuvre sur la base aromatique seule ou en mélange avec d’autres composés, en particulier en présence
de la base paraffinique selon l’invention. L’hydrogénation de la base aromatique en C8-C16 peut donc être mise en œuvre lorsque la base aromatique est mélangée avec la base paraffinique selon l’invention. The hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base can be carried out on the aromatic base alone or in mixture with other compounds, in particular in the presence of the paraffinic base according to the invention. The hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base can therefore be carried out when the aromatic base is mixed with the paraffinic base according to the invention.
L’hydrogénation est par exemple réalisée dans un ou plusieurs réacteurs en lit fixe (descendant ou ascendant) et en phase mixte, la fraction à hydrogéner étant principalement en phase liquide. Hydrogenation is for example carried out in one or more reactors in a fixed bed (descending or ascending) and in mixed phase, the fraction to be hydrogenated being mainly in the liquid phase.
L’hydrogénation est par exemple effectuée à une température comprise entre 50°C et 350°C, notamment entre 100°C et 300°C. Elle est réalisée sous une pression de préférence supérieure à 10 bara et notamment comprise entre 20 bara et 80 bara. The hydrogenation is for example carried out at a temperature between 50°C and 350°C, in particular between 100°C and 300°C. It is carried out under a pressure preferably greater than 10 bara and in particular between 20 bara and 80 bara.
Un flux d’hydrogène est alimenté dans le ou chaque réacteur en mélange avec le courant de base aromatique à hydrogéner. Le rapport du débit volumique du flux d’hydrogène au débit volumique de base aromatique (sans compter le flux recyclé) à hydrogéner est compris avantageusement entre 50 NL/L et 3000NL/L, notamment entre 100 NL/L et 500 NL/L. L’hydrogène peut être ajouté au courant de base aromatique en plusieurs étages le long du lit catalytique. La vitesse spatiale horaire est comprise avantageusement entre 0.5 et 3 et notamment entre 1 et 2 h’1. L’excès d’hydrogène peut être recyclé dans la zone réactionnelle après séparation et compression. A stream of hydrogen is fed into the or each reactor mixed with the aromatic base stream to be hydrogenated. The ratio of the volume flow of the hydrogen flow to the volume flow of aromatic base (not counting the recycled flow) to be hydrogenated is advantageously between 50 NL/L and 3000NL/L, in particular between 100 NL/L and 500 NL/L. Hydrogen can be added to the aromatic base stream in several stages along the catalyst bed. The hourly space speed is advantageously between 0.5 and 3 and in particular between 1 and 2 h'1 . Excess hydrogen can be recycled into the reaction zone after separation and compression.
La réaction est mise en œuvre en présence d’au moins un catalyseur comprenant un ou plusieurs métaux du groupe VIII (typiquement Pt, Pd, Ni) supporté sur un support tel que la silice, l’alumine ou tout mélange de ces deux composés ou du carbone. La réaction peut également être mise en œuvre en présence d’un catalyseur de type sulfure contenant un élément du groupe VIB (Cr, Mo, W) et un élément du groupe VI 11 B (Fe, Ru, Co, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Pd, Ni, Pt) ou des mélanges de ces deux groupes de métaux. The reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one catalyst comprising one or more group VIII metals (typically Pt, Pd, Ni) supported on a support such as silica, alumina or any mixture of these two compounds or carbon. The reaction can also be carried out in the presence of a sulfide type catalyst containing an element from group VIB (Cr, Mo, W) and an element from group VI 11 B (Fe, Ru, Co, Os, Co, Rh , Ir, Pd, Ni, Pt) or mixtures of these two groups of metals.
L’étape d’hydrogénation est suivie de préférence d’une étape de séparation des composés légers, généralement réalisée par strippage ou distillation. Cette étape de séparation permet de produire une coupe hydrogénée de type C8-C16, conforme pour incorporation dans le carburant aviation. The hydrogenation step is preferably followed by a step for separating the light compounds, generally carried out by stripping or distillation. This separation step makes it possible to produce a hydrogenated cut of type C8-C16, suitable for incorporation into aviation fuel.
Selon une variante, l’hydrogénation de la base aromatique est totale. Cela signifie que les composés aromatiques contenus dans la base aromatique sont hydrogénés à plus de 99%. According to one variant, the hydrogenation of the aromatic base is complete. This means that the aromatic compounds contained in the aromatic base are more than 99% hydrogenated.
Selon une autre variante, l’hydrogénation de la base aromatique est partielle. De préférence, entre 10% et 99%, de préférence entre 10% et 90% en masse des composés aromatiques contenus dans la base aromatique à hydrogéner, de préférence entre 30% en masse et 80% en masse des composés aromatiques contenus dans la base aromatique à hydrogéner, sont hydrogénés en composés naphténiques. L’hydrogénation partielle peut
être obtenue en choisissant les conditions opératoires pour n’hydrogéner qu’une fraction des composés aromatiques, ou bien en ne soumettant à l’étape d’hydrogénation qu’une fraction de la base aromatique, la fraction non hydrogénée est alors mélangée à la fraction totalement hydrogénée. According to another variant, the hydrogenation of the aromatic base is partial. Preferably, between 10% and 99%, preferably between 10% and 90% by mass of the aromatic compounds contained in the aromatic base to be hydrogenated, preferably between 30% by mass and 80% by mass of the aromatic compounds contained in the base aromatic to be hydrogenated, are hydrogenated to naphthenic compounds. Partial hydrogenation can be obtained by choosing the operating conditions to hydrogenate only a fraction of the aromatic compounds, or by subjecting only a fraction of the aromatic base to the hydrogenation step, the non-hydrogenated fraction is then mixed with the fraction totally hydrogenated.
Selon cette variante, la base naphténique comprend un mélange de composés aromatiques et de composés naphténiques. According to this variant, the naphthenic base comprises a mixture of aromatic compounds and naphthenic compounds.
Selon cette variante, la base naphténique comprend de préférence au moins 60% en masse de composés naphténiques, de préférence de 70% à 95% en masse de composés naphténiques, préférentiellement de 75% à 95% en masse de composés naphténiques. According to this variant, the naphthenic base preferably comprises at least 60% by mass of naphthenic compounds, preferably from 70% to 95% by mass of naphthenic compounds, preferably from 75% to 95% by mass of naphthenic compounds.
Selon cette variante, la base naphténique présente de préférence un ratio massique entre les composés naphténiques et les composés aromatiques supérieur ou égal à 1 , de préférence supérieur ou égal à 2, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 5, de préférence compris entre 1 et 99, de préférence comprise entre 5 et 24, de préférence compris entre 5 et 10. According to this variant, the naphthenic base preferably has a mass ratio between the naphthenic compounds and the aromatic compounds greater than or equal to 1, preferably greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than or equal to 5, preferably between 1 and 99 , preferably between 5 and 24, preferably between 5 and 10.
De préférence, la base naphténique présente un ratio massique entre la quantité massique de composés naphténiques en C9-C10 de la base naphténique et la quantité massique de composés naphténiques en C9-C14 de la base naphténique, supérieur ou égal à 0,10, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 0,40, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 0,50, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 0,6 de préférence compris entre 0,70 et 0,95. Preferably, the naphthenic base has a mass ratio between the mass quantity of C9-C10 naphthenic compounds of the naphthenic base and the mass quantity of C9-C14 naphthenic compounds of the naphthenic base, greater than or equal to 0.10, of preferably greater than or equal to 0.40, preferably greater than or equal to 0.50, preferably greater than or equal to 0.6, preferably between 0.70 and 0.95.
De préférence, la base naphténique présente un ratio massique entre la quantité massique de composés naphténiques en C9-C12 de la base naphténique et la quantité massique de composés naphténiques en C9-C14 de la base naphténique, supérieur ou égal à 0,60, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 0,70, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 0,80, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 0,90, de préférence compris entre 0,80 et 0,999. Preferably, the naphthenic base has a mass ratio between the mass quantity of C9-C12 naphthenic compounds of the naphthenic base and the mass quantity of C9-C14 naphthenic compounds of the naphthenic base, greater than or equal to 0.60, of preferably greater than or equal to 0.70, preferably greater than or equal to 0.80, preferably greater than or equal to 0.90, preferably between 0.80 and 0.999.
Base aromatique selon l’invention Aromatic base according to the invention
La base aromatique en C8-C16 est utilisée pour préparer la base naphténique selon l’invention. Dans certains modes de réalisation, la base aromatique est en outre ajoutée en tant que telle dans la composition selon l’invention, afin d’ajuster la teneur en composés aromatiques de la composition aux spécifications requises. The C8-C16 aromatic base is used to prepare the naphthenic base according to the invention. In certain embodiments, the aromatic base is also added as such in the composition according to the invention, in order to adjust the content of aromatic compounds in the composition to the required specifications.
La base aromatique en C8-C16 peut être produite selon les étapes suivantes : i) production d’un biocarburant en soumettant au moins un bioalcool en C1 - C6 issu d’au moins une charge renouvelable à un procédé de conversion d’alcool en carburant,
ii) récupération par fractionnement de ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 issue dudit biocarburant obtenu à l’étape i). The C8-C16 aromatic base can be produced according to the following steps: i) production of a biofuel by subjecting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol from at least one renewable feedstock to a process for converting alcohol into fuel , ii) recovery by fractionation of said C8-C16 aromatic base from said biofuel obtained in step i).
Etape i) : production d’un biocarburant Step i): production of a biofuel
La production du biocarburant selon l’étape i) peut être mise en oeuvre par conversion d’au moins un bioalcool en C1 -C6, dans un procédé catalytique. Le procédé catalytique peut être réalisé sur un lit d'aluminosilicate, de préférence de type zéolithe. The production of the biofuel according to step i) can be carried out by conversion of at least one C1 -C6 bioalcohol, in a catalytic process. The catalytic process can be carried out on a bed of aluminosilicate, preferably of the zeolite type.
Le bioalcool en C1 -C6 contient majoritairement des alcools tels que le méthanol, l’éthanol, les propanols (n-propanol, i-propanol), les butanols (n-butanol, i-butanol), les pentanols (n-pentanols, i pentanol) et les hexanols. Le bioalcool en C1 -C6 contient de préférence plus de 80% en masse d’alcools en C1 à C6, de préférence plus de 90% en masse d’alcools en C1 à C6. C1 -C6 bioalcohol mainly contains alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanols (n-propanol, i-propanol), butanols (n-butanol, i-butanol), pentanols (n-pentanols, i pentanol) and hexanols. The C1 -C6 bioalcohol preferably contains more than 80% by mass of C1 to C6 alcohols, preferably more than 90% by mass of C1 to C6 alcohols.
Le bioalcool en C1-C6 peut être : The C1-C6 bioalcohol can be:
- Du méthanol obtenu à partir de biomasse : - Methanol obtained from biomass:
La biomasse peut notamment comprendre les combustibles ligneux provenant de forêts et de terres boisées naturelles (par exemple, la sciure de bois), les résidus agricoles (par exemple, les balles de riz, le fumier de paille), les cultures énergétiques qui sont cultivées exclusivement pour la production d'énergie (par exemple, le maïs et le palmier à huile), les déchets urbains (par exemple, les déchets de bois, riz, fumier de paille), les cultures énergétiques qui sont cultivées exclusivement pour la production d'énergie (par exemple, le maïs et le palmier à huile), les déchets urbains (par exemple, les déchets solides municipaux et les eaux usées) et le combustible de biomasse dérivé de déchets (par exemple, les granulés de bois). Le méthanol d’origine renouvelable peut notamment être obtenu par conversion d’un gaz synthétique riche en CO/H2, ce gaz synthétique étant issu de la biomasse. La biomasse peut par exemple être gazéifiée pour produire un gaz synthétique (ou « syngas » en anglais) riche en CO/H2, ce gaz synthétique étant ensuite converti en méthanol en présence d’un catalyseur. Un procédé de ce type est par exemple décrit dans le document WO2018134853A1. Un gaz synthétique convenant à une conversion ultérieure en méthanol peut encore être obtenu par oxydation partielle en présence de dioxygène d’un biogaz contenant du méthane et du CO2, ce biogaz résultant par exemple de la digestion anaérobie de biomasse en présence d’un ou plusieurs microorganismes. Un procédé de ce type est par exemple décrit dans le document W02019060988A1. Biomass may include wood fuels from natural forests and woodlands (e.g. sawdust), agricultural residues (e.g. rice husks, straw manure), energy crops that are grown exclusively for energy production (e.g. corn and oil palm), urban waste (e.g. wood waste, rice, straw manure), energy crops that are grown exclusively for the production of energy (e.g. corn and oil palm), urban waste (e.g. municipal solid waste and sewage) and waste-derived biomass fuel (e.g. wood pellets). Methanol of renewable origin can in particular be obtained by conversion of a synthetic gas rich in CO/H2, this synthetic gas coming from biomass. Biomass can for example be gasified to produce a synthetic gas (or “syngas” in English) rich in CO/H2, this synthetic gas then being converted into methanol in the presence of a catalyst. A method of this type is for example described in document WO2018134853A1. A synthetic gas suitable for subsequent conversion into methanol can also be obtained by partial oxidation in the presence of dioxygen of a biogas containing methane and CO2, this biogas resulting for example from the anaerobic digestion of biomass in the presence of one or more microorganisms. A process of this type is for example described in document W02019060988A1.
- Du méthanol obtenu à partir de dioxyde de carbone :
Plusieurs voies de transformation existent. On peut citer par exemple la conversion catalytique de dioxyde de carbone en méthanol en présence d’hydrogène. Une autre voie consiste à convertir le dioxyde de carbone en monoxyde de carbone par électroconversion ou par réaction du gaz à l’eau inverse en présence d’hydrogène. Le monoxyde de carbone est alors converti par conversion catalytique en méthanol, en présence d’hydrogène. L’hydrogène utilisé pour les différentes opérations décrites précédemment est obtenu notamment par reformage du méthane à la vapeur, par réaction du gaz à l’eau, ou est produit par électrolyse à partir d’énergies renouvelables tel que l’énergie solaire, le vent, la géothermie, les vagues ou les courants. - Methanol obtained from carbon dioxide: Several transformation routes exist. For example, we can cite the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol in the presence of hydrogen. Another route is to convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide by electroconversion or by reverse gas-water reaction in the presence of hydrogen. Carbon monoxide is then converted by catalytic conversion into methanol, in the presence of hydrogen. The hydrogen used for the various operations described above is obtained in particular by steam reforming of methane, by reaction of gas with water, or is produced by electrolysis from renewable energies such as solar energy, wind , geothermal energy, waves or currents.
- Du bioéthanol produit à partir de la fermentation éthanolique par l’action fermentaire de micro-organismes, de levures et/ou de bactéries d’au moins une matière première d’origine végétale : - Bioethanol produced from ethanolic fermentation by the fermentative action of micro-organisms, yeasts and/or bacteria of at least one raw material of plant origin:
Le bioéthanol peut être avantageusement être obtenu par : Bioethanol can advantageously be obtained by:
- fermentation anaérobie d’un substrat riche en sucres issu de biomasse, ou - anaerobic fermentation of a substrate rich in sugars derived from biomass, or
- fermentation anaérobie d’un gaz comprenant du CO, lequel peut être issu de biomasse ou non. - anaerobic fermentation of a gas comprising CO, which may or may not come from biomass.
Pour la fermentation anaérobie d’un substrat riche en sucres, les sucres sont composés des chaines de 6 ou 5 carbones, comme le glucose, le saccharose (dimère de glucose et de fructose), le xylose et l’arabinose. For the anaerobic fermentation of a substrate rich in sugars, the sugars are composed of chains of 6 or 5 carbons, such as glucose, sucrose (dimer of glucose and fructose), xylose and arabinose.
Ce substrat peut par exemple comprendre, ou provenir directement des plantes agroalimentaires, de la canne à sucre, de la betterave sucrière, du sorgho sucrier, ou par dépolymérisation de l’amidon du maïs, du blé, de l’orge, du seigle, du sorgho, du triticale, de la pomme de terre, de la patate douce, du manioc, et/ou de la cellulose et de l’hémicellulose de la biomasse lignocellulosique. This substrate can for example include, or come directly from agri-food plants, sugar cane, sugar beet, sugar sorghum, or by depolymerization of starch from corn, wheat, barley, rye, sorghum, triticale, potato, sweet potato, cassava, and/or cellulose and hemicellulose of lignocellulosic biomass.
Le substrat riche en sucres peut aussi être issu de biomasse lignocellullosique par un traitement comprenant (i) une étape de séparation de la lignine, de la cellulose et de l’hémicellulose contenus dans la biomasse lignocellullosique, suivie (ii) d’une étape de conversion de la cellulose et/ou de l’hémicellulose en sucres. L’obtention de ce type de substrat à partir de biomasse lignocellulosique est bien connue de l’homme du métier. Le substrat riche en sucres est ensuite soumis à la fermentation, par exemple en utilisant des microorganismes. The sugar-rich substrate can also be derived from lignocellullosic biomass by a treatment comprising (i) a step of separating the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contained in the lignocellullosic biomass, followed (ii) by a step of conversion of cellulose and/or hemicellulose into sugars. Obtaining this type of substrate from lignocellulosic biomass is well known to those skilled in the art. The sugar-rich substrate is then subjected to fermentation, for example using microorganisms.
De l’éthanol peut également être produit par fermentation anaérobie d’un gaz comprenant du CO. Le substrat est alors un substrat gazeux (un gaz) contenant du CO. Ce substrat gazeux peut être un sous-produit d'un procédé industriel, comme la fabrication de produits en métal ferreux, notamment les aciéries, la fabrication de produits non ferreux,
les procédés de raffinage du pétrole, la gazéification du charbon et/ou de la biomasse ou biochar, la production d'énergie électrique, la production de noir de carbone, la production d'ammoniac, la production de méthanol, la fabrication de coke, le craquage catalytique (en particulier lors de la régénération du catalyseur le monoxyde de carbone est produite) et le reformage du méthane. Ethanol can also be produced by anaerobic fermentation of a gas comprising CO. The substrate is then a gaseous substrate (a gas) containing CO. This gaseous substrate may be a by-product of an industrial process, such as the manufacturing of ferrous metal products, including steel mills, the manufacturing of non-ferrous products, petroleum refining processes, gasification of coal and/or biomass or biochar, production of electrical energy, production of carbon black, production of ammonia, production of methanol, manufacturing of coke, catalytic cracking (particularly when catalyst regeneration carbon monoxide is produced) and methane reforming.
Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, le substrat gazeux peut provenir de la gazéification de la biomasse, comme les sous-produits de la biomasse obtenus au cours de l'extraction et du traitement de produits alimentaires. Le processus de gazéification implique une combustion partielle de la biomasse dans un apport restreint d'air ou d'oxygène. Le gaz résultant comprend généralement principalement du CO et du H2, avec des volumes minimes de CO2, de méthane, d'éthylène et d'éthane. La teneur en CO du substrat gazeux est typiquement de 15% à 100% en volume, de 15% à 95% en volume, de 40% à 95% en volume, de 40% à 60% en volume, et de 45% à 55% en volume ou est dans tout intervalle défini par deux de ces limites. In other embodiments, the gaseous substrate may come from the gasification of biomass, such as biomass byproducts obtained during the extraction and processing of food products. The gasification process involves partial combustion of biomass in a restricted supply of air or oxygen. The resulting gas typically comprises primarily CO and H2, with minor volumes of CO2, methane, ethylene and ethane. The CO content of the gaseous substrate is typically 15% to 100% by volume, 15% to 95% by volume, 40% to 95% by volume, 40% to 60% by volume, and 45% to 95% by volume. 55% by volume or is in any interval defined by two of these limits.
Tout microorganisme capable de fermenter un substrat gazeux comprenant du CO pour produire de l'éthanol peuvent être utilisé. Any microorganism capable of fermenting a gaseous substrate comprising CO to produce ethanol can be used.
- Du bioéthanol produit à partir à partir de la biomasse par conversion d’un gaz de synthèse riche en CO/H2, ce gaz synthétique étant issu de la biomasse. - Bioethanol produced from biomass by conversion of a synthesis gas rich in CO/H 2 , this synthetic gas being derived from biomass.
La biomasse peut par exemple être gazéifiée pour produire un gaz de synthèse (ou « syngas » en anglais) riche en CO/H2, ce gaz synthétique étant ensuite converti en méthanol en présence d’un catalyseur. Un procédé de ce type est par exemple décrit dans le document WO2012003901 . Biomass can for example be gasified to produce a synthesis gas (or “syngas” in English) rich in CO/H 2 , this synthetic gas then being converted into methanol in the presence of a catalyst. A process of this type is for example described in the document WO2012003901.
- Tout autre alcool comprenant de 3 à 6 atomes de carbone obtenu par exemple par : - Any other alcohol comprising 3 to 6 carbon atoms obtained for example by:
- réaction catalytique d’hydrogène avec du dioxyde de carbone ou monoxyde de carbone ;- catalytic reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide;
- réaction catalytique d’hydrogène avec des carbohydrates ; - catalytic reaction of hydrogen with carbohydrates;
- fermentation ABE, une fermentation bactérienne produisant un mélange d’éthanol, d’acétone et de butanol à partir d’hydrates de carbone tels que glucose ou amidon ; - ABE fermentation, a bacterial fermentation producing a mixture of ethanol, acetone and butanol from carbohydrates such as glucose or starch;
- fermentation anaérobique de sucres issus de biomasse notamment pour obtenir du propanol (iso ou n), du butanol (iso ou n) ou de l’isoamyle alcool ; - anaerobic fermentation of sugars from biomass in particular to obtain propanol (iso or n), butanol (iso or n) or isoamyl alcohol;
- fermentation anaérobique d’un mélange contenant au moins du monoxyde de carbone, du dioxyde de carbone et de l’hydrogène pour obtenir notamment du propanol (iso ou n), du butanol (iso ou n) ou de l’isoamyle alcool.
Etape ii) : récupération de la base aromatique en C8-C16 - anaerobic fermentation of a mixture containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen to obtain in particular propanol (iso or n), butanol (iso or n) or isoamyl alcohol. Step ii): recovery of the C8-C16 aromatic base
Le biocarburant obtenu lors de l’étape i) est fractionné pour récupérer la fraction C8- C16 afin de satisfaire aux propriétés de volatilité des carburants aviation. The biofuel obtained during step i) is fractionated to recover the C8-C16 fraction in order to satisfy the volatility properties of aviation fuels.
La base aromatique en C8-C16 selon l’invention peut présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : The C8-C16 aromatic base according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
- au moins 60 % en masse de composés aromatiques en C8-C16, notamment de composés monoaromatiques, lesdits composés aromatiques comprenant au moins 50% en masse, de préférence au moins 80% en masse, de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyle, m étant un entier de 1 à 3, et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier de 1 à 3, - at least 60% by mass of C8-C16 aromatic compounds, in particular monoaromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted by at least m methyl, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3,
- de 8% en masse à 15% en masse de composés naphténiques, - from 8% by mass to 15% by mass of naphthenic compounds,
- de 5% en masse à 15% en masse d’isoparaffines, - from 5% by mass to 15% by mass of isoparaffins,
- moins de 5% en masse de n-paraffines. - less than 5% by mass of n-paraffins.
On notera que lesdits composés aromatiques, présents en une teneur d’au moins 60% en masse, comprennent du benzène substitué par au moins m méthyle et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5. Ces composés aromatiques peuvent ainsi comprendre un mélange de molécules de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyles, m étant un entier allant de 1 à 3, et optionnellement des molécules de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyles, m étant un entier allant de 1 à 3, et/ou n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier allant de 1 à 3. It will be noted that said aromatic compounds, present in a content of at least 60% by mass, comprise benzene substituted by at least m methyl and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl. These aromatic compounds can thus comprise a mixture of benzene molecules substituted by at least m methyls, m being an integer ranging from 1 to 3, and optionally benzene molecules substituted by at least m methyls, m being an integer ranging from 1 to 3. 3, and/or n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer ranging from 1 to 3.
En particulier, la production des bases paraffiniques et naphténiques selon l’invention peut être réalisée à partir de sources renouvelables différentes, et notamment par des procédés séparés. In particular, the production of paraffinic and naphthenic bases according to the invention can be carried out from different renewable sources, and in particular by separate processes.
Etape de mélange selon l’invention Mixing step according to the invention
De préférence, le procédé selon l’invention comprend une étape de mélange de la base paraffinique avec une autre base. Preferably, the process according to the invention comprises a step of mixing the paraffinic base with another base.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’étape de mélange est effectuée après l’étape c) d’hydrogénation de la base aromatique, et correspond à une étape d) de mélange de 50 à 90% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 10% à 50% en volume de l’au moins une base naphténique produite à l’étape c). According to one embodiment, the mixing step is carried out after step c) of hydrogenation of the aromatic base, and corresponds to a step d) of mixing 50 to 90% by volume of the at least one base. paraffin base produced in step a) with 10% to 50% by volume of the at least one naphthenic base produced in step c).
De préférence selon ce mode de réalisation, le mélange de l’étape d) comprend le mélange de 50% à 85% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 15% à 50% en volume de l’au moins une base naphténique produite à l’étape c),
de préférence, l’étape d) comprend le mélange de 55% à 80% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 20% à 45% en volume de l’au moins une base naphténique produite à l’étape c), préférentiellement, l’étape d) comprend le mélange de 55% à 75% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 25% à 45% en volume de l’au moins une base naphténique produite à l’étape c). Preferably according to this embodiment, the mixture of step d) comprises the mixture of 50% to 85% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 15% to 50% by volume of the at least one naphthenic base produced in step c), preferably, step d) comprises mixing 55% to 80% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 20% to 45% by volume of the at least one naphthenic base produced in step c), preferably, step d) comprises the mixture of 55% to 75% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 25% to 45% by volume of the at least one naphthenic base produced in step c).
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l’étape de mélange est effectuée entre l’étape b) et l’étape d’hydrogénation, et correspond à une étape de mélange de 50% à 90% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 10 à 50% en volume de l’au moins une base aromatique produite à l’étape b) pour obtenir un mélange de bases paraffinique et aromatique. According to another embodiment, the mixing step is carried out between step b) and the hydrogenation step, and corresponds to a mixing step of 50% to 90% by volume of the at least one base paraffinic base produced in step a) with 10 to 50% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b) to obtain a mixture of paraffinic and aromatic bases.
De préférence selon ce mode de réalisation, l’étape de mélange comprend le mélange de 50% à 85% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 15% à 50% en volume de l’au moins une base aromatique produite à l’étape b), de préférence, l’étape de mélange comprend le mélange de 55% à 80% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 20% à 45% en volume de l’au moins une base aromatique produite à l’étape b), préférentiellement, l’étape de mélange comprend le mélange de 55% à 75% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 25% à 45% en volume de l’au moins une base aromatique produite à l’étape b). Preferably according to this embodiment, the mixing step comprises mixing 50% to 85% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 15% to 50% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b), preferably, the mixing step comprises mixing 55% to 80% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 20% at 45% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b), preferably, the mixing step comprises mixing 55% to 75% by volume of the at least one paraffin base produced in step b). step a) with 25% to 45% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b).
Composition de carburéacteur selon l’invention Jet fuel composition according to the invention
De préférence, la composition selon l’invention comprend de 50% à 85% en volume, de préférence de 55% à 80% en volume, préférentiellement de 55% à 75% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises from 50% to 85% by volume, preferably from 55% to 80% by volume, preferably from 55% to 75% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base.
De préférence, la composition selon l’invention comprend de 15% à 50% en volume, de préférence de 20% à 45% en volume, préférentiellement de 25% à 45% en volume de l’au moins une base naphténique. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises from 15% to 50% by volume, preferably from 20% to 45% by volume, preferably from 25% to 45% by volume of the at least one naphthenic base.
De préférence, la composition selon l’invention comprend moins de 18% en volume, de préférence moins de 10% en volume, de préférence moins de 8% en volume, de préférence moins de 5% en volume, de préférence de 1 % à 18% en volume, de préférence de 1 à 10% en volume de l’au moins une base aromatique. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises less than 18% by volume, preferably less than 10% by volume, preferably less than 8% by volume, preferably less than 5% by volume, preferably from 1% to 18% by volume, preferably from 1 to 10% by volume of at least one aromatic base.
De préférence, la composition selon l’invention présente un ratio massique composés naphténiques/composés aromatiques supérieur ou égal à 1 , de préférence supérieur ou égal à 2, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 3, de préférence entre 3 et 5.
De préférence, la composition selon l’invention comprend de 15% à 48% en masse de composés naphténiques, préférentiellement de 25% à 45% en masse de composés naphténiques. Preferably, the composition according to the invention has a mass ratio of naphthenic compounds/aromatic compounds greater than or equal to 1, preferably greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than or equal to 3, preferably between 3 and 5. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises from 15% to 48% by mass of naphthenic compounds, preferably from 25% to 45% by mass of naphthenic compounds.
De préférence, la composition selon l’invention comprend une quantité inférieure ou égale à 15% en volume de composés aromatiques, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 8% en volume, préférentiellement inférieure ou égale à 5% en volume, par rapport au volume total de la composition. De préférence, la composition selon l’invention comprend une quantité de composés aromatiques comprise entre 1 et 15% en volume, de préférence entre 1 et 8% en volume, par rapport au volume total de la composition. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises a quantity less than or equal to 15% by volume of aromatic compounds, preferably less than or equal to 8% by volume, preferably less than or equal to 5% by volume, relative to the total volume. of the composition. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises a quantity of aromatic compounds of between 1 and 15% by volume, preferably between 1 and 8% by volume, relative to the total volume of the composition.
La quantité de composés aromatiques compris dans la composition selon l’invention est définie en volume conformément aux spécifications de la norme ASTM D7566:21 . The quantity of aromatic compounds included in the composition according to the invention is defined in volume in accordance with the specifications of standard ASTM D7566:21.
Avantageusement, la composition de carburéacteur selon l'invention peut être conforme aux exigences Jet A ou Jet A1 telles que définies dans la norme ASTM D7566 :21 de juillet 2021 ou dans la DefStan 91 -091 Issue qui fait référence à la norme ASTM D7566:21. Advantageously, the jet fuel composition according to the invention can comply with the Jet A or Jet A1 requirements as defined in the ASTM D7566:21 standard of July 2021 or in the DefStan 91 -091 Issue which refers to the ASTM D7566 standard: 21.
Par exemple, la composition selon l’invention présente une densité comprise entre 755 kg/m3 et 840 kg/m3, de préférence comprise entre 775 kg/m3 et 840 kg/m3. For example, the composition according to the invention has a density of between 755 kg/m 3 and 840 kg/m 3 , preferably between 775 kg/m 3 and 840 kg/m 3 .
En particulier, les teneurs en base paraffinique, en base naphténique, et en base aromatique lorsque présente, dans la composition de carburéacteur selon l’invention peuvent être choisies de telle sorte que la composition de carburéacteur selon l’invention soit conforme à ces exigences. In particular, the contents of paraffinic base, naphthenic base, and aromatic base when present, in the jet fuel composition according to the invention can be chosen such that the jet fuel composition according to the invention complies with these requirements.
Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, l’au moins une base paraffinique et l’au moins une base naphténique sont issues de traitements séparés de charges renouvelables (de procédés distincts), notamment de charges renouvelables distinctes. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, la composition de carburéacteur selon l’invention est constituée des bases paraffinique, naphténique, et aromatique lorsque présente, issues de charges renouvelables. In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one paraffinic base and the at least one naphthenic base come from separate treatments of renewable charges (from distinct processes), in particular from distinct renewable charges. In a preferred embodiment, the jet fuel composition according to the invention consists of paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic bases when present, derived from renewable feedstocks.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la composition de carburéacteur selon l’invention est exempte de composants d’origine pétrolière. According to one embodiment, the jet fuel composition according to the invention is free of components of petroleum origin.
L’exemple ci-dessous illustre l’invention sans pour autant en limiter la portée. The example below illustrates the invention without limiting its scope.
EXEMPLES EXAMPLES
Exemple 1 Example 1
Deux compositions C1 et C2 selon l’invention sont préparées.
C1 comprend 68% en volume d’HEFA conforme à la base paraffinique a) selon l’invention et 32% en volume de la base naphténique b). Two compositions C1 and C2 according to the invention are prepared. C1 comprises 68% by volume of HEFA conforming to the paraffinic base a) according to the invention and 32% by volume of the naphthenic base b).
C2 comprend 61% en volume d’HEFA conforme à la base paraffinique a) selon l’invention et 39% en volume de la base naphténique b). C2 comprises 61% by volume of HEFA conforming to the paraffinic base a) according to the invention and 39% by volume of the naphthenic base b).
La composition de la base naphténique b) est présentée dans le tableau 1 suivant, et a été déterminée par une méthode GC2D. The composition of naphthenic base b) is presented in the following Table 1, and was determined by a GC2D method.
[Tableau 1 ] - Composition de la base naphténique b
[Table 1] - Composition of the naphthenic base b
Les compositions C1 et C2, ainsi que la base HEFA conforme à la base paraffinique a) et la base naphténique b) présentent les caractéristiques détaillées dans le tableau suivant (ces caractéristiques ont été déterminées selon les normes précisées dans chaque colonne) : Compositions C1 and C2, as well as the HEFA base conforming to the paraffinic base a) and the naphthenic base b) have the characteristics detailed in the following table (these characteristics were determined according to the standards specified in each column):
[Tableau 2]
[Table 2]
L’ajout de la base naphténique b) à une base paraffinique a) permet donc d’obtenir des compositions présentant des propriétés améliorées. En particulier, l’ajout de de la base naphténique b) améliore de manière surprenante la viscosité à - 40°C de la base paraffinique, ainsi que sa lubrifiance (BOCLE). Ceci montre qu’il est possible de remplacer au moins une partie de la base aromatique, fréquemment utilisée en combinaison avec les bases paraffiniques, par une base naphténique, et ainsi réduire la formation de particules fines et la présence de trainées. The addition of naphthenic base b) to a paraffinic base a) therefore makes it possible to obtain compositions with improved properties. In particular, the addition of naphthenic base b) surprisingly improves the viscosity at - 40°C of the paraffinic base, as well as its lubricity (BOCLE). This shows that it is possible to replace at least part of the aromatic base, frequently used in combination with paraffinic bases, by a naphthenic base, and thus reduce the formation of fine particles and the presence of streaks.
Exemple 2 - Composition comparative comprenant une base naphténique d’origine fossile Example 2 - Comparative composition comprising a naphthenic base of fossil origin
Une composition comparative C3* comprenant 61% en volume d’HEFA conforme à la base paraffinique a) selon l’invention (celle de l’exemple 1) et 39% en volume de la base naphténique fossile b’) a été préparée. A comparative composition C3* comprising 61% by volume of HEFA conforming to the paraffinic base a) according to the invention (that of Example 1) and 39% by volume of the fossil naphthenic base b') was prepared.
La composition de la base naphténique b’) a été déterminée par GC2D et est telle que décrite dans le tableau suivant The composition of the naphthenic base b’) was determined by GC2D and is as described in the following table
[Tableau 3] - Composition de la base naphténique b’)
[Table 3] - Composition of the naphthenic base b')
La compositions comparative C3* ainsi que la base HEFA et la base naphténique b’) présentent les caractéristiques détaillées dans le tableau suivant (ces caractéristiques ont été déterminées selon les normes précisées dans chaque colonne) : The comparative composition C3* as well as the HEFA base and the naphthenic base b’) present the characteristics detailed in the following table (these characteristics were determined according to the standards specified in each column):
[Tableau 4]
[Table 4]
La base naphténique b’) d’origine fossile comprend des composés ayant un nombre de carbone moyen plus élevé que la base naphténique b) selon l’invention utilisée dans l’exemple 1 . La composition C3* présente une viscosité trop élevée, et n’est pas conforme à la norme ASTM D7566.
The naphthenic base b') of fossil origin comprises compounds having a higher average carbon number than the naphthenic base b) according to the invention used in example 1. The C3* composition has too high a viscosity and does not comply with the ASTM D7566 standard.
Claims
1. Composition de carburéacteur issue de charges renouvelables comprenant, par rapport au volume total de la composition : a. de 50 à 90% en volume d’au moins une base paraffinique issue d’un hydrotraitement d’esters et d’acides gras, d’un procédé Fischer-Tropsch ou d’un procédé de production de carburéacteur à partir d’alcools, et comprenant au moins 90% en masse de paraffines par rapport à la masse totale de la base paraffinique, b. de 10 à 50% en volume d’au moins une base naphténique en C8-C16, ladite base naphténique étant issue de l’hydrogénation d’une base aromatique en C8-C16, ladite base aromatique correspondant à la fraction C8-C16 d’un biocarburant produit par un procédé de conversion en carburant d’au moins un bioalcool en C1 -C6, et ladite base aromatique contenant au moins 60% en masse de composés aromatiques par rapport à la masse totale de la base aromatique, lesdits composés aromatiques comprenant au moins 50% en masse, de préférence au moins 80% en masse, de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyles, m étant un entier de 1 à 3, et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier de 1 à 3, dans laquelle ladite composition de carburéacteur comprend de 10 à 49% en masse de composés naphténiques par rapport à la masse totale de la composition. 1. Composition of jet fuel derived from renewable feedstocks comprising, relative to the total volume of the composition: a. from 50 to 90% by volume of at least one paraffinic base resulting from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids, from a Fischer-Tropsch process or from a process for producing jet fuel from alcohols, and comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins relative to the total mass of the paraffinic base, b. from 10 to 50% by volume of at least one C8-C16 naphthenic base, said naphthenic base being obtained from the hydrogenation of a C8-C16 aromatic base, said aromatic base corresponding to the C8-C16 fraction of a biofuel produced by a process for converting at least one C1 -C6 bioalcohol into fuel, and said aromatic base containing at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds relative to the total mass of the aromatic base, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted by at least m methyls, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3, in which said jet fuel composition comprises from 10 to 49% by mass of naphthenic compounds relative to the total mass of the composition.
2. Composition de carburéacteur selon la revendication 1 , comprenant une quantité inférieure ou égale à 15% en volume, de préférence inférieure à 8% en volume, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 5% en volume de composés aromatiques, par rapport au volume total de la composition. 2. Jet fuel composition according to claim 1, comprising a quantity less than or equal to 15% by volume, preferably less than 8% by volume, preferably less than or equal to 5% by volume of aromatic compounds, relative to the total volume of the composition.
3. Composition de carburéacteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la base naphténique comprend des composés aromatiques et des composés naphténiques, et présente un ratio massique entre les composés naphténiques et les composés aromatiques supérieur ou égal à 1 , de préférence supérieur ou égal à 2, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 5. 3. Jet fuel composition according to claim 1 or 2, in which the naphthenic base comprises aromatic compounds and naphthenic compounds, and has a mass ratio between the naphthenic compounds and the aromatic compounds greater than or equal to 1, preferably greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than or equal to 5.
4. Composition de carburéacteur selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la base naphténique présente un ratio massique entre la quantité massique de composés naphténiques en C9-C10 de la base naphténique et la quantité massique de composés naphténiques en C9-C14 de la base naphténique,
supérieur ou égal à 0,10, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 0,40, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 0,50, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 0,6 de préférence compris entre 0,70 et 0,95. 4. Jet fuel composition according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the naphthenic base has a mass ratio between the mass quantity of C9-C10 naphthenic compounds of the naphthenic base and the mass quantity of C9-C14 naphthenic compounds of the naphthenic base, greater than or equal to 0.10, preferably greater than or equal to 0.40, preferably greater than or equal to 0.50, preferably greater than or equal to 0.6, preferably between 0.70 and 0.95.
5. Composition de carburéacteur selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre de 1 à 18% en volume, de préférence de 1 à 10% en volume, par rapport au volume total de la composition, d’au moins une base aromatique en C8-C16, ladite base aromatique correspondant à la fraction C8-C16 d’un biocarburant produit par un procédé de conversion en carburant d’au moins un bioalcool en C1 -C6 et caractérisée en ce que ladite base aromatique contient au moins 60% en masse de composés aromatiques, lesdits composés aromatiques comprenant au moins 50% en masse de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyle, m étant un entier de 1 à 3, et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier de 1 à 3. 5. Jet fuel composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising from 1 to 18% by volume, preferably from 1 to 10% by volume, relative to the total volume of the composition, of at least one base aromatic C8-C16, said aromatic base corresponding to the C8-C16 fraction of a biofuel produced by a process for converting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol into fuel and characterized in that said aromatic base contains at least 60 % by mass of aromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass of benzene substituted by at least m methyl, m being an integer of 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer of 1 at 3.
6. Procédé de production d’une composition de carburéacteur issue de charges renouvelables, comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : a) la production d’au moins une base paraffinique à partir d’un hydrotraitement d’esters et d’acides gras, d’un procédé Fischer-Tropsch ou d’un procédé de production de carburéacteur à partir d’alcools, ladite au moins une base paraffinique comprenant au moins 90% en masse de paraffines, b) la production d’au moins une base aromatique en C8-C16 comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : i) la production d’un biocarburant par un procédé de conversion en carburant d’au moins un bioalcool en C1 -C6, ii) la récupération de ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 par fractionnement dudit biocarburant obtenu à l’étape i), ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 comprenant au moins 60 % en masse de composés aromatiques, lesdits composés aromatiques comprenant au moins 50% en masse, de préférence au moins 80% en masse, de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyles, m étant un entier de 1 à 3, et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier de 1 à 3, c) l’hydrogénation de la base aromatique en C8-C16 obtenue à l’issue de l’étape b) pour obtenir une base naphténique, et d) le mélange de 50% à 90% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 10 à 50% en volume de la base naphténique produite à l’étape c), et l’obtention d’une composition de carburéacteur comprenant une base paraffinique et une base naphténique.
6. Process for producing a jet fuel composition from renewable feedstocks, comprising at least the following steps: a) the production of at least one paraffinic base from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids, d 'a Fischer-Tropsch process or a process for producing jet fuel from alcohols, said at least one paraffinic base comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins, b) the production of at least one C8 aromatic base -C16 comprising at least the following steps: i) the production of a biofuel by a process for converting at least one C1 -C6 bioalcohol into fuel, ii) the recovery of said C8-C16 aromatic base by fractionation of said biofuel obtained in step i), said C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, of substituted benzene by at least m methyls, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3, c) the hydrogenation of the C8-C16 aromatic base obtained with from step b) to obtain a naphthenic base, and d) mixing 50% to 90% by volume of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 10 to 50% by volume of the naphthenic base produced in step c), and obtaining a jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base.
7. Procédé de production d’une composition de carburéacteur issue de charges renouvelables comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : a) la production d’au moins une base paraffinique à partir d’un hydrotraitement d’esters et d’acides gras, d’un procédé Fischer-Tropsch ou d’un procédé de production de carburéacteur à partir d’alcools, ladite au moins une base paraffinique comprenant au moins 90% en masse de paraffines, b) la production d’au moins une base aromatique en C8-C16 comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : i) la production d’un biocarburant par un procédé de conversion en carburant d’au moins un bioalcool en C1 -C6, ii) la récupération de ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 par fractionnement dudit biocarburant obtenu à l’étape i), ladite base aromatique en C8-C16 comprenant au moins 60 % en masse de composés aromatiques, lesdits composés aromatiques comprenant au moins 50% en masse, de préférence au moins 80% en masse, de benzène substitué par au moins m méthyle, m étant un entier de 1 à 3, et éventuellement n alkyle en C2-C5, n étant un entier de 1 à 3, c) le mélange de 50% à 90% en volume de l’au moins une base paraffinique produite à l’étape a) avec 10 à 50% en volume de l’au moins une base aromatique produite à l’étape b) pour obtenir un mélange de bases paraffinique et aromatique, et d) l’hydrogénation du mélange de bases paraffinique et aromatique obtenu l’étape c), et l’obtention d’une composition de carburéacteur comprenant une base paraffinique et une base naphténique. 7. Process for producing a jet fuel composition from renewable feedstocks comprising at least the following steps: a) the production of at least one paraffinic base from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids, a Fischer-Tropsch process or a process for producing jet fuel from alcohols, said at least one paraffinic base comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins, b) the production of at least one C8- aromatic base C16 comprising at least the following steps: i) the production of a biofuel by a process for converting at least one C1-C6 bioalcohol into fuel, ii) the recovery of said C8-C16 aromatic base by fractionation of said biofuel obtained in step i), said C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, of benzene substituted with at least m methyl, m being an integer from 1 to 3, and optionally n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3, c) the mixture of 50% to 90% by volume of at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 10 to 50% by volume of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b) to obtain a mixture of paraffinic and aromatic bases, and d) hydrogenation of the mixture of paraffinic and aromatic bases obtained in step c), and obtaining a jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base.
8. Procédé de production d’une composition de carburéacteur issue de charges renouvelables selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel l’hydrogénation est totale. 8. Process for producing a jet fuel composition derived from renewable feedstocks according to claim 6 or 7, in which the hydrogenation is total.
9. Procédé de production d’une composition de carburéacteur issue de charges renouvelables selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel l’hydrogénation est partielle. 9. Process for producing a jet fuel composition from renewable feedstocks according to claim 6 or 7, in which the hydrogenation is partial.
10. Procédé de production d’une composition de carburéacteur issue de charges renouvelables selon l’une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, dans lequel l’au moins une base paraffinique issue de l’étape a) est produite à partir d'une ou plusieurs huiles choisies parmi les huiles végétales, les graisses animales, préférentiellement les huiles hautement saturées non comestibles, les huiles usagées, les sous-produits du raffinage des huiles végétales ou d'huile(s) animale(s) contenant des acides gras libres,
des tallols, et des huiles produites par des bactéries, levures, algues, procaryotes ou eucaryotes. 10. Process for producing a jet fuel composition derived from renewable feedstocks according to any one of claims 6 to 9, in which the at least one paraffinic base resulting from step a) is produced from one or several oils chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, preferably highly saturated inedible oils, used oils, by-products of the refining of vegetable oils or animal oil(s) containing free fatty acids, tall oils, and oils produced by bacteria, yeasts, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
11. Procédé de production d’une composition de carburéacteur selon l’une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, comprenant en outre une étape e) d’ajout de 1% à 18% en volume par rapport au volume total de la composition, de préférence de 1% à 10% en volume, de la base aromatique produite à l’étape b) dans la composition de carburéacteur comprenant une base paraffinique et une base naphténique. 11. Process for producing a jet fuel composition according to any one of claims 6 to 10, further comprising a step e) of adding 1% to 18% by volume relative to the total volume of the composition, of preferably from 1% to 10% by volume, of the aromatic base produced in step b) in the jet fuel composition comprising a paraffinic base and a naphthenic base.
12. Procédé de production d’une composition de carburéacteur selon l’une quelconque des revendications 6 à 1 1 , dans lequel les étapes a), b), c), d), et éventuellement e) lorsque présente, sont opérées dans des procédés distincts.
12. Process for producing a jet fuel composition according to any one of claims 6 to 1 1, in which steps a), b), c), d), and optionally e) when present, are carried out in distinct processes.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2207717A FR3138443A1 (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | Renewable jet fuel composition with high naphthenic content |
| FRFR2207717 | 2022-07-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024023162A1 true WO2024023162A1 (en) | 2024-02-01 |
Family
ID=83506252
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/070719 WO2024023162A1 (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2023-07-26 | Renewable jet fuel composition having a high content of naphthenic compounds |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3138443A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024023162A1 (en) |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090000185A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Energy & Environmental Research Center Foundation | Aviation-grade kerosene from independently produced blendstocks |
| US20090253947A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2009-10-08 | Brandvold Timothy A | Production of Blended Fuel from Renewable Feedstocks |
| WO2012003901A1 (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2012-01-12 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Process for the preparation of ethanol and higher alcohols |
| US8629310B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2014-01-14 | Phillips 66 Company | Transportation fuels from biomass oxygenates |
| RU2510389C1 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-03-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный университет тонких химических технологий имени М.В. Ломоносова" (МИТХТ им. М.В. Ломоносова) | Method of producing reactive fuel from bioethanol |
| WO2018134853A1 (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2018-07-26 | Processi Innovativi Srl | A process and relating apparatus to make pure bio- methanol from a syngas originated from wastes gasification |
| US10087374B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2018-10-02 | Chevron Lummus Global, Llc | Conversion of triacylglycerides-containing oils to hydrocarbons |
| US20190002778A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2019-01-03 | Neste Corporation | Aviation fuel composition |
| WO2019060988A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-04 | Ultra Clean Ecolene Inc. | Bio-methanol production |
| WO2021237030A1 (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2021-11-25 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | High naphthenic content kerosene compositions |
| WO2022073087A1 (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-14 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras | Method for producing renewable aviation kerosene |
-
2022
- 2022-07-27 FR FR2207717A patent/FR3138443A1/en active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-07-26 WO PCT/EP2023/070719 patent/WO2024023162A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090000185A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Energy & Environmental Research Center Foundation | Aviation-grade kerosene from independently produced blendstocks |
| US20090253947A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2009-10-08 | Brandvold Timothy A | Production of Blended Fuel from Renewable Feedstocks |
| WO2012003901A1 (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2012-01-12 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Process for the preparation of ethanol and higher alcohols |
| US8629310B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2014-01-14 | Phillips 66 Company | Transportation fuels from biomass oxygenates |
| RU2510389C1 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-03-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный университет тонких химических технологий имени М.В. Ломоносова" (МИТХТ им. М.В. Ломоносова) | Method of producing reactive fuel from bioethanol |
| US10087374B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2018-10-02 | Chevron Lummus Global, Llc | Conversion of triacylglycerides-containing oils to hydrocarbons |
| US20190002778A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2019-01-03 | Neste Corporation | Aviation fuel composition |
| WO2018134853A1 (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2018-07-26 | Processi Innovativi Srl | A process and relating apparatus to make pure bio- methanol from a syngas originated from wastes gasification |
| WO2019060988A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-04 | Ultra Clean Ecolene Inc. | Bio-methanol production |
| WO2021237030A1 (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2021-11-25 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | High naphthenic content kerosene compositions |
| WO2022073087A1 (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-14 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras | Method for producing renewable aviation kerosene |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| EDWARDS TIM ET AL: "Evaluation of Combustion Performance of Alternative Aviation Fuels", 46TH AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE JOINT PROPULSION CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT, 25 July 2010 (2010-07-25), Reston, Virigina, XP055977514, ISBN: 978-1-60086-958-7, DOI: 10.2514/6.2010-7155 * |
| ELISEO RANZI ET AL: "Reduced Kinetic Schemes of Complex Reaction Systems: Fossil and Biomass-Derived Transportation Fuels", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS, WILEY, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 46, no. 9, 25 July 2014 (2014-07-25), pages 512 - 542, XP071657903, ISSN: 0538-8066, DOI: 10.1002/KIN.20867 * |
| TRET'YAKOV V F ET AL: "Production of aviation fuel by bioethanol conversion on zeolite catalysts", PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY, PLEIADES PUBLISHING, MOSCOW, vol. 56, no. 3, 22 May 2016 (2016-05-22), pages 224 - 229, XP035690614, ISSN: 0965-5441, [retrieved on 20160522], DOI: 10.1134/S0965544116030130 * |
| WOODROFFE JOSANNE-DEE ET AL: "High-Performance, Biobased, Jet Fuel Blends Containing Hydrogenated Monoterpenes and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosenes", ENERGY & FUELS, vol. 34, no. 5, 21 May 2020 (2020-05-21), WASHINGTON, DC, US., pages 5929 - 5937, XP093028014, ISSN: 0887-0624, DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00274 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3138443A1 (en) | 2024-02-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Demirbas | Biorefineries: Current activities and future developments | |
| Demirbas | Competitive liquid biofuels from biomass | |
| EP1866266B1 (en) | Production of diesel fuel from vegetable and animal oils | |
| US8241881B2 (en) | Production of gasoline from fermentable feedstocks | |
| US8148579B2 (en) | Production of gasoline from fermentable feedstocks | |
| RU2491319C2 (en) | Integrated method of obtaining diesel fuel from biological material, products, application and installation related to this method | |
| EP2825617B1 (en) | Method for upgrading bio-oils into hydrocarbon fuels | |
| WO2008081101A2 (en) | Method for converting loads from renewable sources into good-quality diesel fuel bases | |
| FR2932811A1 (en) | METHOD FOR CONVERTING CHARGES FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES TO GOOD GAS FUEL BASES USING A ZEOLITHIC TYPE CATALYST | |
| FR2932812A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR CONVERTING CHARGES FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES TO GOOD QUALITY GASOLINE FUEL BASES USING A ZEOLITHIC CATALYST WITHOUT INTERMEDIATE LIQUID GAS SEPARATION | |
| FR2991335A1 (en) | OPTIMIZED PROCESS FOR THE VALORISATION OF BIO-OILS IN AROMATIC BASES | |
| EP2581436B1 (en) | Method for producing middle distillates from a mixture of a feedstock from renewable sources and a paraffinic effluent | |
| EP2176382B1 (en) | Hydroconversion method in a bubbling bed with biorenewable charges for the production of fuel stocks | |
| WO2024023162A1 (en) | Renewable jet fuel composition having a high content of naphthenic compounds | |
| WO2024023161A1 (en) | Renewable jet fuel composition having a high content of naphthenic compounds, and associated preparation method | |
| FR3012467A1 (en) | OPTIMIZED BIOMASS CONVERSION PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PETROCHEMICAL BASES | |
| Kiatkittipong et al. | Bioresources and biofuels—From classical to perspectives and trends | |
| Malinowski et al. | An analysis of physico-chemical properties of the next generation biofuels and their correlation with the requirements of diesel engine | |
| EP4148103A1 (en) | Renewable jet fuel composition | |
| WO2023170360A1 (en) | Process for manufacturing a jet fuel from loads of renewable origin | |
| WO2023170359A1 (en) | Process for preparing a jet fuel from renewable feedstock | |
| FR3041359A1 (en) | OPTIMIZED PROCESS FOR THE VALORISATION OF BIO-OILS IN AROMATIC AND OLEFINIC BASES | |
| WO2023233098A1 (en) | Process for producing hydrocarbon fluids from feedstocks of renewable origin | |
| CA2678048A1 (en) | Process for fcc pre-processing by mild hydrocracking including dilution of the charge with a charge of organic origin | |
| EP2880126B2 (en) | Process for hydrotreatment and hydroisomerization of feedstocks resulting from biomass in which the effluent to be hydrotreated and the hydrogen stream contain a limited carbon monoxide content |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23751269 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |