WO2024021549A1 - 光伏发电储能控制方法、系统及存储介质 - Google Patents

光伏发电储能控制方法、系统及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024021549A1
WO2024021549A1 PCT/CN2023/073801 CN2023073801W WO2024021549A1 WO 2024021549 A1 WO2024021549 A1 WO 2024021549A1 CN 2023073801 W CN2023073801 W CN 2023073801W WO 2024021549 A1 WO2024021549 A1 WO 2024021549A1
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Prior art keywords
energy storage
power
storage device
load
photovoltaic
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PCT/CN2023/073801
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴跃波
赵开学
赖灿辉
张波
袁玉春
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重庆跃达新能源有限公司
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Publication of WO2024021549A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024021549A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/20Systems characterised by their energy storage means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage, and specifically to photovoltaic power generation and energy storage control methods, systems and storage media.
  • Photovoltaic power generation projects have instability in terms of power generation time and intensity, such as the intensity of sunlight in the morning, middle and evening, the intensity of sunlight on cloudy and rainy days, the intensity of sunlight throughout the year, the impact of dust accumulation and shading.
  • the impact of photovoltaic power generation, etc., these factors will affect the stability of power supply, so the power supply system of photovoltaic power generation must have a certain capacity to absorb, otherwise it will easily cause instability of the entire power supply network.
  • the energy storage system of photovoltaic power generation can collect the unstable electric energy of photovoltaic power generation and then supply it to the power supply network stably. This can avoid the fluctuation of power supply network and reduce the impact of photovoltaic power generation on the power supply network, achieving a complementary effect.
  • the energy storage system of photovoltaic power generation has the inherent advantage of charging and discharging electric energy at any time.
  • Combining the traditional power grid with the energy storage system can achieve the effect of avoiding time-of-use peak and valley electricity prices.
  • the traditional power generation and energy storage management method mainly uses the electric energy of the energy storage device to supply the load during the peak electricity price, and uses the electric energy from the grid to supply the energy storage device and the load during the low electricity price, so as to reduce the cost of electricity and balance the load.
  • the current management method is relatively rough, especially after the introduction of photovoltaic power generation systems. In reality, there are more factors that need to be considered, such as lighting conditions, power supply reliability, energy storage device capacity configuration, etc.
  • the present invention is intended to provide a photovoltaic power generation and energy storage control method, which can control photovoltaic power generation and energy storage through changes in real-time electricity prices, conduct refined management of the use of electric energy, and effectively reduce the electricity cost of the load.
  • a photovoltaic power generation energy storage control method including:
  • S1 Obtain the photovoltaic power generation and load power, compare the photovoltaic power generation and load power, if the photovoltaic power generation is not less than the load power, execute S2, otherwise execute S3;
  • S2 Control photovoltaic power supply to load and energy storage device
  • S3 Obtain the real-time electricity price, compare the real-time electricity price with the preset electricity price, if the real-time electricity price is greater than the preset electricity price, execute S5, otherwise execute S4;
  • S4 Control the power grid to supply power to the load, and control the photovoltaic and power grid to supply power to the energy storage device;
  • S5 Control photovoltaic and energy storage devices to supply power to the load
  • the method of the present invention first obtains photovoltaic power generation data and load operation energy consumption power data in real time to make a preliminary judgment. If the power generation power is not less than the load power, it means that the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation system in real time at this time can cover the energy consumption required for load operation. Then the energy self-sufficiency step of S2 is executed: part of the solar energy is converted into alternating current through the inverter to power the load, and the remaining inverter will store the electric energy in the battery of the energy storage device.
  • the generated power is less than the load power, that is, the real-time electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation system cannot cover the energy consumption required for load operation, it is necessary to start the energy storage device or access the electric energy from the external grid to meet the load operation, and calculate the electricity price by executing the steps of S3 Comparative judgment: If the real-time electricity price is greater than the preset electricity price, it means that the electricity price of the grid is too high at this time, and it is not suitable to use grid electricity. You can consider starting the energy storage device to survive the period of high electricity prices. By executing S5 The steps are self-sufficient. If the real-time electricity price is less than or equal to the preset electricity price, that is, the electricity price has reached a lower position at this time. You can consider using the current lower electricity price to realize arbitrage of peak and valley electricity prices and reduce the overall operating cost of the load. This is achieved by executing the steps of S4. Make full use of grid power.
  • the method of the present invention controls photovoltaic power generation and energy storage according to changes in real-time electricity prices, conducts refined management of the use of electric energy, and can effectively reduce the electricity cost of the load.
  • the preset electricity price is a valley electricity price.
  • the electricity cost is the lowest at the valley electricity price.
  • Using the valley electricity price in the peak and valley electricity price as the preset electricity price can achieve better cost management.
  • the S6 includes:
  • S6-1 Obtain the power supply level of the load and set the warning capacity of the energy storage device according to the power supply level;
  • the energy storage device also serves as a reserve power supply
  • the energy storage device when a power failure or natural disaster occurs, the energy storage device is required to supply the reserved power to important loads to avoid power interruption during the fault repair process and ensure important The load is continuously powered. Therefore, the warning capacity of the energy storage device is set according to the different power supply levels. After the capacity of the energy storage device reaches the warning capacity, the grid switches to power supply to the load and photovoltaic power supplies to the energy storage device to maintain the capacity of the energy storage device above the warning capacity. to ensure power supply reliability.
  • the power supply levels in S6-1 include primary power supply, secondary power supply and third-level power supply.
  • the alert capacity of the primary power supply is 70%
  • the alert capacity of the secondary power supply is 40%
  • the alert capacity of the third-level power supply is 40%.
  • the warning capacity of level power supply is 10%.
  • the grading standards are mainly divided into the above three levels, and the warning capacity of the energy storage device is set respectively to ensure the maximum utilization of the energy storage device on the premise of ensuring the reliability of the power supply. Rate.
  • the S4 includes:
  • S4-2 Control the power grid to supply power to the load, and control the photovoltaic and power grid to supply power to the energy storage device so that the capacity of the energy storage device reaches the reserve capacity.
  • Future weather conditions determine the photovoltaic power generation situation.
  • the method of the present invention needs to take into account the subsequent weather conditions to set the reserve capacity that needs to be prepared in advance, so that when bad weather leads to poor photovoltaic power generation and high electricity prices, It can rely on the reserve capacity of the energy storage device itself to avoid using peak electricity prices and increasing the cost of load operation.
  • the charging power of the power grid to the energy storage device is adjusted according to the real-time electricity price; when the real-time electricity price is the valley electricity price, the charging power of the energy storage device is the rated power, and the charging power is proportional to the real-time electricity price. Inversely proportional.
  • the charging power of the power grid to the energy storage device is adjusted according to the real-time electricity price to improve the economy of the charging process of the power grid to the energy storage device.
  • the valley electricity price As the benchmark, when the real-time electricity price is the valley electricity price, the charging power of the energy storage device is the rated power, and the charging power is inversely proportional to the real-time electricity price. That is, the more the real-time electricity price is higher than the valley electricity price, the smaller the charging power will be.
  • the charging power will be dynamically adjusted in real time until the capacity of the energy storage device reaches the reserve capacity.
  • the S4-1 is: obtaining the weather forecast, analyzing and predicting the power generation based on the weather forecast and historical power generation data, and setting the reserve capacity of the energy storage device based on the predicted power generation and load energy consumption; and also includes S4-3: in energy storage When the device capacity is higher than the reserve capacity, the energy storage device is controlled to also supply power to the load.
  • Obtain weather forecast information refer to the power generation data recorded in the past under various weather conditions, analyze and obtain the predicted power generation under tomorrow's weather conditions, and set the reserve capacity of the energy storage device based on the predicted power generation and current load energy consumption. If the lighting is sufficient tomorrow, the reserve capacity can be set lower. If the weather is bad tomorrow and the lighting is insufficient, the reserve capacity needs to be set higher to prepare for emergencies. Through the above method, the actual required reserve capacity can be calculated more accurately.
  • S7 is also included, and S7 includes:
  • S7-1 Group the batteries of the energy storage device according to battery efficiency
  • S7-2 In the process of photovoltaic power supply to the energy storage device, select the priority battery pack according to the power supply level.
  • the battery efficiency data of each battery group of the energy storage device is collected, and batteries with similar efficiencies are grouped into high-efficiency groups, medium-efficiency groups, and low-efficiency groups.
  • batteries with similar efficiencies are grouped into high-efficiency groups, medium-efficiency groups, and low-efficiency groups.
  • the batteries with different battery efficiencies By grouping batteries with different battery efficiencies, subsequent charging management and battery replacement in batches are facilitated, and the overall efficiency of the energy storage device is maintained.
  • the batteries are grouped, in the process of photovoltaic power supply to the energy storage device, in order to keep the energy storage device in a high-efficiency state, it is necessary to plan to replace the batteries with low battery efficiency so that the entire energy storage device can be maintained in a high-efficiency state. Therefore, it is necessary to use low-efficiency batteries frequently so that the batteries in low-efficiency batteries can meet the replacement standards as soon as possible and be replaced.
  • the lower reliability and energy storage efficiency of low-efficiency batteries must also be considered. It is necessary to use batteries from low-efficiency batteries as much as possible. At the same time, the power supply reliability of the energy storage device is not reduced. Therefore, taking the power supply level of the load as a reference, we can try to meet the use of low-efficiency battery packs without reducing the power supply reliability of the energy storage device.
  • the present invention also provides a photovoltaic power generation energy storage control system, which adopts the above photovoltaic power generation energy storage control method.
  • the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • a computer program is stored on the storage medium.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the above photovoltaic power generation and energy storage control method is implemented.
  • Figure 1 is a logic block diagram of a photovoltaic power generation energy storage control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • this embodiment discloses a photovoltaic power generation energy storage control method, which specifically includes the following steps (the numbers of each step in this solution are only used to distinguish the steps and do not limit the specific execution order of each step, and each step also Can be performed simultaneously):
  • S1 Obtain photovoltaic power generation and load power, compare photovoltaic power generation and load power, if photovoltaic power generation is greater than load power, execute S2, otherwise execute S3.
  • the generated power is less than the load power, that is, the real-time electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation system cannot cover the energy consumption required for load operation, it is necessary to start the energy storage device or access the electric energy from the external grid to meet the load operation, and calculate the electricity price by executing the steps of S3. Comparative judgment.
  • S2 Control photovoltaic power supply to load and energy storage device.
  • the photovoltaic power generation is greater than the load power, part of the solar energy is converted into alternating current through the inverter to supply power to the load, and the remaining inverter stores the electrical energy in the battery of the energy storage device.
  • S3 Obtain the real-time electricity price, compare the real-time electricity price with the preset electricity price, if the real-time electricity price is greater than the preset electricity price, execute S5, otherwise execute S4.
  • the energy storage device When the photovoltaic power generation cannot cover the needs of the load, the energy storage device must be activated or the power from the external grid must be connected to meet the operation of the load.
  • analysis is conducted with reference to the peak and valley electricity price models commonly used in power grid billing, and the valley electricity price in the peak and valley electricity prices is used as the preset electricity price.
  • the real-time electricity price is greater than the valley electricity price, it means that the electricity price of the grid is too high at this time and it is not suitable to use grid energy. You can consider starting the energy storage device to survive the period of high electricity prices, and then perform self-supply by executing the steps of S5. able. If the real-time electricity price is less than or equal to the valley electricity price, that is, the electricity price has reached a lower position at this time. You can consider using the current lower electricity price to realize arbitrage of peak and valley electricity prices and reduce the overall operating cost of the load. This is achieved by executing the steps of S4. Make full use of grid power.
  • S4-1 Obtain the weather forecast, analyze and predict power generation based on the weather forecast and historical power generation data, and predict power generation based on the forecast and load energy consumption set the reserve capacity of the energy storage device.
  • Future weather conditions determine the photovoltaic power generation situation.
  • tomorrow's weather conditions need to be taken into consideration to set the reserve capacity that needs to be prepared in advance, so that when bad weather leads to poor photovoltaic power generation and high electricity prices, It can rely on the reserve capacity of the energy storage device itself to avoid using peak electricity prices and increasing the cost of load operation.
  • the amount of reserve capacity is determined based on tomorrow's weather.
  • Weather forecast information is obtained, and with reference to the power generation data recorded in the past under various weather conditions, the predicted power generation amount under tomorrow's weather conditions is analyzed and the power generation is obtained based on the forecast.
  • photovoltaic power generation capacity is insufficient and a large amount of grid power is used, resulting in additional electricity expenses. If the weather is sunny tomorrow and the light is sufficient, photovoltaics can provide a certain amount of power support during tomorrow's peak electricity price period.
  • the reserve capacity of the energy storage device can be appropriately reduced so that the energy storage device has at least 40% of the capacity of electricity before tomorrow's peak electricity price arrives. That’s it.
  • S4-2 Control the power grid to supply power to the load, and control the photovoltaic and power grid to supply power to the energy storage device so that the capacity of the energy storage device reaches the reserve capacity. Since electricity prices are at a low level at this time, the advantages of low electricity prices can be fully utilized to operate the system.
  • the load is directly powered by the grid, and at the same time, the photovoltaic (photovoltaic power generation is usually low or zero at this time) and the grid are controlled to supply power to the energy storage device, so that the capacity of the energy storage device reaches the set reserve capacity.
  • the electricity price may fluctuate at any time.
  • the charging power of the power grid to the energy storage device is adjusted according to the real-time electricity price.
  • the valley electricity price is used as the benchmark.
  • the charging power of the energy storage device is the rated power, and the charging power is inversely proportional to the real-time electricity price. That is, the more the real-time electricity price is higher than the valley electricity price, the smaller the charging power will be.
  • the charging power will be dynamically adjusted in real time until the capacity of the energy storage device reaches the reserve capacity.
  • S4-3 When the capacity of the energy storage device is higher than the reserve capacity, control the energy storage device to also supply power to the load. In order to utilize electric energy as efficiently as possible, when the capacity of the energy storage device is higher than the reserve capacity, the energy storage device is controlled to also supply power to the load, reducing the power supply pressure on the grid end, saving electricity bills, and when the capacity of the energy storage device is equal to or lower than the reserve capacity Stop supplying power to the load.
  • S5 Control photovoltaic and energy storage devices to supply power to the load.
  • the real-time electricity price is greater than the valley electricity price, and it is temporarily unsuitable to use power from the grid.
  • the energy storage device is started, and the energy from the energy storage device is mainly used, combined with the electricity generated by photovoltaic (photovoltaic power generation is usually very low or zero at this time), which affects the load. Stay powered through times of high electricity prices.
  • S6-1 Obtain the power supply level of the load and set the warning capacity of the energy storage device according to the power supply level.
  • energy storage devices are required to supply the reserved power to important loads to avoid failure during the repair process. power interruption to ensure continuous power supply to important loads.
  • this embodiment is mainly divided into the following three levels: Level 1 power supply, loads where interruption of power supply will cause personal casualties or heavy losses.
  • Level 3 power supply refers to general power supply in addition to primary power supply and secondary power supply. The losses caused by short-term power outage of this level of load are not large, and short-term power outage can be tolerated.
  • the warning capacity of the energy storage device is set according to the power supply level.
  • the warning capacity of the first-level power supply is 70%
  • the warning capacity of the second-level power supply is 40%
  • the warning capacity of the third-level power supply is 10%.
  • the warning capacity of the first-level power supply is set to 70%, that is, only 30% of the capacity of the energy storage device of the first-level power supply is used for peak shaving and valley filling to reduce electricity costs, and the remaining 70% of the capacity of the energy storage device is used.
  • the main consideration here is the reliability of power supply. When the power supply from the grid unexpectedly fails, the energy storage device can provide power supply for a long time until the power supply from the grid is restored.
  • the power supply reliability requirements of the second-level power supply and the third-level power supply are relatively low, so a larger proportion of energy storage capacity can be used to reduce electricity costs.
  • the second-level power supply is 60%
  • the third-level power supply is 90%
  • the third-level power supply is 90%.
  • the 10% warning capacity reserved for level power supply is to prevent the energy storage device from being completely depleted and affecting battery life.
  • S6-2 After the capacity of the energy storage device reaches the warning capacity, switch to the power grid to supply power to the load, and control the photovoltaic power supply to the energy storage device.
  • the set warning capacity that is, when the energy storage device supplies power to the load, when the capacity of the energy storage device with primary power supply is less than or equal to 70%, and when the capacity of the energy storage device with secondary power supply is less than or equal to 40%, the capacity of the energy storage device with secondary power supply is less than or equal to 40%.
  • the capacity of the energy storage device is less than or equal to 10%
  • the energy storage device is controlled to suspend power supply to the load, and the power grid is changed to directly supply power to the load, and reserve electric energy is made to ensure the reliability of power supply.
  • the photovoltaic power supply is controlled to the energy storage device to maintain the warning capacity of the energy storage device.
  • Step S7 includes the following steps:
  • S7-1 Group the batteries of the energy storage device according to battery efficiency. After each charge and discharge, the battery efficiency data of each battery group of the energy storage device is collected, and batteries with similar efficiencies are grouped into high-efficiency groups, medium-efficiency groups, and low-efficiency groups. By grouping batteries with different battery efficiencies, subsequent charging management and battery replacement in batches are facilitated. Maintain the overall efficiency of the energy storage device.
  • S7-2 In the process of photovoltaic power supply to the energy storage device, select the priority battery pack according to the power supply level. After the batteries are grouped, in the process of photovoltaic power supply to the energy storage device, in order to keep the energy storage device in a high-efficiency state, it is necessary to plan to replace the batteries with low battery efficiency so that the entire energy storage device can be maintained in a high-efficiency state. Therefore, it is necessary to use low-efficiency batteries frequently so that the batteries in low-efficiency batteries can meet the replacement standards as soon as possible and be replaced. At the same time, the lower reliability and energy storage efficiency of low-efficiency batteries must also be considered. It is necessary to use batteries from low-efficiency batteries as much as possible. At the same time, the power supply reliability of the energy storage device is not reduced.
  • the power supply level of the load is used as a reference.
  • the energy storage device for the second-level power supply and the third-level power supply is mainly to meet the economic needs. When the electricity price is high, the energy storage device can be used temporarily to save electricity bills. For Energy storage devices with secondary power supply and third-level power supply are charged and discharged more frequently, and the preset warning capacity is not high.
  • the battery of the low-efficiency group is charged first, then the medium-efficiency group is supplied, and finally the high-efficiency group, the energy storage device During the discharge process, low-efficiency batteries are also used first, which can maintain a higher frequency of use of low-efficiency batteries, facilitate replacement of low-efficiency batteries to meet new standards quickly, and ensure the overall high efficiency of the entire energy storage device.
  • the primary power supply energy storage device is mainly to maintain the reliability of power supply to the load, and can play the role of emergency power supply when the grid power supply fails.
  • the primary power supply energy storage device is mainly for power supply reliability, and charging and discharging are relatively less, the preset warning capacity is higher. Therefore, for energy storage devices with primary power supply, during the process of photovoltaic power supply to the energy storage device, priority is given to charging the batteries in the high-efficiency group. If the energy storage device has not reached the warning capacity after the batteries in the high-efficiency group are full, the medium-efficiency group will be charged.
  • the batteries in the high-efficiency group are charged, and finally the batteries in the low-efficiency group are charged; if the energy storage device reaches the warning capacity after the batteries in the high-efficiency group are full, the batteries in the low-efficiency group are charged directly.
  • priority is given to using high-efficiency groups and medium-efficiency groups to ensure power supply reliability.
  • batteries from the low-efficiency group are used first. When the warning capacity is below the warning capacity and the grid power supply fails, batteries from the high-efficiency group are directly used.
  • This embodiment also provides a photovoltaic power generation energy storage control system, which adopts the above photovoltaic power generation energy storage control method.
  • This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • a computer program is stored on the storage medium.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the above photovoltaic power generation and energy storage control method is implemented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及光伏发电储能技术领域,公开了光伏发电储能控制方法,包括:S1:获取光伏发电功率、负载功率,比较光伏发电功率和负载功率,若光伏发电功率不小于负载功率,则执行S2,否则执行S3;S2:控制光伏向负载和储能装置供电;S3:获取实时电价,比较实时电价和预设电价,若实时电价大于预设电价,则执行S5,否则执行S4;S4:控制电网向负载供电,控制光伏和电网向储能装置供电;S5:控制光伏和储能装置向负载供电;S6:在储能装置容量达到警戒容量后,切换为电网向负载供电。本发明通过实时电价的变化进行光伏发电储能的控制,对电能的使用进行精细化管理,能够有效降低负载的用电成本。

Description

光伏发电储能控制方法、系统及存储介质 技术领域
本发明涉及光伏发电储能技术领域,具体涉及光伏发电储能控制方法、系统及存储介质。
背景技术
随着世界能源短缺问题的日益严重,太阳能作为公认的可替代能源得到了越来越广泛的应用,其中太阳能光伏发电成为主流。作为环境友好型可再生能源,目前全世界的太阳能光伏发电装机规模越来越大。
光伏发电项目在发电时间、发电强度等方面都存在不稳定性,比如早中晚太阳的照射强度、阴天和雨天的太阳照射强度、一年四季的太阳的照射强度、积尘及遮荫对光伏发电的影响等,这些因素都会影响供电的稳定,所以对光伏发电的供电系统必须具有一定的消纳能力,否则容易造成整个供电网络的不稳定。光伏发电的储能系统可以将光伏发电不稳定的电能收集起来,然后稳定的向供电网供应,这样就能避免供电网供电的波动,减少光伏发电对供电网的影响,达到互补的作用。
在传统的电网系统中,由于发电高峰与用电高峰不匹配,导致电网中潮流的变动,配电网络节点电压标幺值的改变,影响电网的稳定性。因此,出现了峰谷电价的商业模式,即在用电高峰期,提高居民电价,通过价格杠杆抑制居民用电量,优先保证工业、国防等重要领域的用电,在夜间等非工业用电的高峰时段,降低居民用电价格。
光伏发电的储能系统对电能天生具有随充随放的优点,将传统电网与储能系统搭配使用,可实现规避分时峰谷电价的效果。目前传统的发电储能管理方法主要是通过在电价高峰采用储能装置的电能供给负载,在电价低谷采用电网的电能供给储能装置和负载的手段,以减少用电成本、平衡负荷。目前的管理方法比较粗略,特别是引入了光伏发电系统后,现实情况中需要考虑的因素更多,例如光照情况、供电可靠性情况、储能装置容量配置等。因此,在峰谷电价的背景下,如何利用光伏发电储能系统的特点,根据居民用电的综合因素考量,对电能的使用进行精细化管理,对电价起到削峰填谷的作用,进而降低用电成本,是目前亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明意在提供光伏发电储能控制方法,通过实时电价的变化进行光伏发电储能的控制,对电能的使用进行精细化管理,能够有效降低负载的用电成本。
本发明提供的技术方案为:光伏发电储能控制方法,包括:
S1:获取光伏发电功率、负载功率,比较光伏发电功率和负载功率,若光伏发电功率不小于负载功率,则执行S2,否则执行S3;
S2:控制光伏向负载和储能装置供电;
S3:获取实时电价,比较实时电价和预设电价,若实时电价大于预设电价,则执行S5,否则执行S4;
S4:控制电网向负载供电,控制光伏和电网向储能装置供电;
S5:控制光伏和储能装置向负载供电;
S6:在储能装置容量达到警戒容量后,切换为电网向负载供电。
本发明的工作原理及优点在于:
本发明方法首先实时获取光伏的发电功率数据和负载运行的能耗功率数据进行初步判断,若发电功率不小于负载功率,说明此时光伏发电系统实时发出的电能能够覆盖负载运行所需能耗,则执行S2的能耗自给步骤:太阳能一部分通过逆变器转换成交流电给负载供电,剩下的逆变器会将电能储存至储能装置蓄电池内。
若发电功率小于负载功率,即光伏发电系统实时发出的电能不能覆盖负载运行所需能耗,需要启动储能装置或接入外部电网的电能,以满足负载的运行,通过执行S3的步骤进行电价比较的判断:若实时电价大于预设电价,说明此时电网的用电价格过高,不宜使用电网电能,可以考虑先启动储能装置的电能以渡过高电价的时间段,通过执行S5的步骤进行自给供能。若实时电价小于或等于预设电价,即此时电价已经到了较低的位置,可以考虑利用当前较低位的电价实现峰谷电价的套利,降低负载的整体运行成本,通过执行S4的步骤实现对电网电能的充分利用。
最后在储能装置容量达到警戒容量后,切换为电网向负载供电,避免储能装置过度放电影响系统的稳定性。本发明方法通过以上步骤,根据实时电价的变化进行光伏发电储能的控制,对电能的使用进行精细化管理,能够有效降低负载的用电成本。
进一步,所述预设电价为谷值电价。
参照电网计费中常用的峰谷电价模式进行分析,谷值电价时的用电成本最低,将峰谷电价中的谷值电价作为预设电价,能够实现较好的成本管理。
进一步,所述S6包括:
S6-1:获取负载的供电等级,根据供电等级设置储能装置的警戒容量;
S6-2:在储能装置容量达到警戒容量后,切换为电网向负载供电,控制光伏向储能装置供电。
考虑到储能装置还具有作为储备电源的作用,发生断电故障或者遭遇自然灾害等意外时,需要储能装置将储备的电能供应给重要负载,以避免故障修复过程中的电能中断,保证重要负荷持续供电。因此根据供电等级的不同设置储能装置的警戒容量,并在储能装置容量达到警戒容量后,切换为电网向负载供电,光伏向储能装置供电,以维持储能装置容量在警戒容量以上,以保障供电可靠性。
进一步,所述S6-1中供电等级包括一级供电、二级供电和三级供电,所述一级供电的警戒容量为70%,所述二级供电的警戒容量为40%,所述三级供电的警戒容量为10%。
根据供电系统中负载对供电可靠性的要求不同进行的分级标准,主要分为以上三个等级,并分别设置其储能装置的警戒容量,以保证供电可靠性为前提实现对储能装置最大利用率。
进一步,所述S4包括:
S4-1:获取天气预报,根据天气预报设置储能装置的储备容量;
S4-2:控制电网向负载供电,控制光伏和电网向储能装置供电,使储能装置容量达到储备容量。
未来的天气情况决定了光伏的发电情况,本发明方法需要到考虑到后面的天气情况,来设置需要提前准备的储备容量,使得在天气不好导致光伏发电不佳且电价较高的情况下,能够依靠储能装置自身的储备容量渡过,避免使用峰值电价,增加负载运行的成本。
进一步,所述S4-2中电网向储能装置的充电功率根据实时电价进行调整;所述实时电价为谷值电价时,储能装置的充电功率为额定功率,所述充电功率与实时电价成反比。
在电网向储能装置供电的过程中,电价可能随时在浮动,在此情况下为最大程度实现 电价利用的经济性,电网向储能装置的充电功率根据实时电价进行调整,以提高电网向储能装置充电过程中的经济性。以谷值电价为基准,实时电价为谷值电价时,储能装置的充电功率为额定功率,充电功率与实时电价成反比。即实时电价高出谷值电价越多,充电功率越小,对充电功率实时动态调节,直到储能装置的容量达到储备容量。通过上述方法,确保了储能装置充电过程中的用电经济性。
进一步,所述S4-1为:获取天气预报,根据天气预报和历史发电数据分析预测发电量,根据预测发电量和负载能耗设置储能装置的储备容量;还包括S4-3:在储能装置容量高于储备容量时,控制储能装置也向负载供电。
获取天气预报信息,参照以往记录的各种天气情况下的发电数据,分析得出明日天气情况下的预测发电量,根据预测发电量和当前负载能耗设置储能装置的储备容量。若明日光照比较充足,储备容量可以设置得较低,若明日天气不佳,光照不足,则需要设置较高的储备容量以备不时之需。通过上述方法能够比较精确地计算出实际需要的储备容量。
进一步,还包括S7,所述S7包括:
S7-1:根据电池效率将储能装置的电池进行分组;
S7-2:在光伏向储能装置供电的过程中,根据供电等级选取优先供电的电池组。
每次充放电结束后,对储能装置各个电池组的电池效率数据进行采集,并将相近效率的电池进行分组,分为高效组、中效组和低效组。通过对不同电池效率的电池进行分组,便于后续的充电管理以及分批次电池更换,保持储能装置的整体效率。对电池进行分组后,在光伏向储能装置供电的过程中,为使储能装置保持在高效率状态,需要对低电池效率的电池计划换新,使得整个储能装置维持在高效率状态。因此需要频繁使用低效组电池,使低效组的电池尽快达到换新标准进行更换,同时也要考虑低效组电池较低的可靠性和储能效率,需要尽量使用低效组的电池的同时不降低储能装置的供电可靠性。因此以负载的供电等级为参考,能够尽量满足低效组的电池的使用,同时不降低储能装置的供电可靠性。
本发明还提供光伏发电储能控制系统,该系统采用了上述光伏发电储能控制方法。
本发明还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,所述存储介质上存储有计算机程序,当所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,实现上述光伏发电储能控制方法。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例光伏发电储能控制方法的逻辑框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,因此只作为示例,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
需要注意的是,除非另有说明,本申请使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
实施例一:
如图1所示,本实施例公开了光伏发电储能控制方法,具体包括以下步骤(本方案中对各步骤的编号仅做步骤区分作用,不限制各步骤的具体执行顺序,且各步骤还可同时进行):
S1:获取光伏发电功率、负载功率,比较光伏发电功率和负载功率,若光伏发电功率大于负载功率,则执行S2,否则执行S3。实时获取光伏的发电功率数据和负载运行的能耗功率数据进行初步判断,若发电功率不小于负载功率,说明此时光伏发电系统实时发出的电能能够覆盖负载运行所需能耗,则执行S2的能耗自给步骤。若发电功率小于负载功率,即光伏发电系统实时发出的电能不能覆盖负载运行所需能耗,需要启动储能装置或接入外部电网的电能,以满足负载的运行,通过执行S3的步骤进行电价比较的判断。
S2:控制光伏向负载和储能装置供电。光伏发电功率大于负载功率时,太阳能一部分通过逆变器转换成交流电给负载供电,剩下的逆变器会将电能储存至储能装置蓄电池内。
S3:获取实时电价,比较实时电价和预设电价,若实时电价大于预设电价,则执行S5,否则执行S4。光伏发电功率不能覆盖负载需要时,要启动储能装置或接入外部电网的电能,以满足负载的运行,在判断是否需要接入外部电网的电能时,需要根据此时电网的实时电价来判断。本实施例中参照电网计费中常用的峰谷电价模式进行分析,将峰谷电价中的谷值电价作为预设电价。若实时电价大于谷值电价,说明此时电网的用电价格过高,不宜使用电网电能,可以考虑先启动储能装置的电能以渡过高电价的时间段,通过执行S5的步骤进行自给供能。若实时电价小于或等于谷值电价,即此时电价已经到了较低的位置,可以考虑利用当前较低位的电价实现峰谷电价的套利,降低负载的整体运行成本,通过执行S4的步骤实现对电网电能的充分利用。
S4-1:获取天气预报,根据天气预报和历史发电数据分析预测发电量,根据预测发电量 和负载能耗设置储能装置的储备容量。未来的天气情况决定了光伏的发电情况,本实施例中需要考虑到明日的天气情况,来设置需要提前准备的储备容量,使得在天气不好导致光伏发电不佳且电价较高的情况下,能够依靠储能装置自身的储备容量渡过,避免使用峰值电价,增加负载运行的成本。本实施例中设置储备容量的多少根据明日的天气好坏决定,获取天气预报信息,参照以往记录的各种天气情况下的发电数据,分析得出明日天气情况下的预测发电量,根据预测发电量和当前负载能耗设置储能装置的储备容量。若明日光照比较充足,储备容量可以设置得较低,若明日天气不佳,光照不足,则需要设置较高的储备容量以备不时之需。例如,明日为阴天,光照不足,当前负载能耗在峰值电价时段需要用到70%容量的电能,则需要在明日峰值电价到来之前使储能装置至少具备70%容量的电能,避免在峰值电价时段光伏发电能力不足大量使用电网电能,造成额外的电费支出。若明日天气晴朗,光照充足,在明日峰值电价时段,光伏能够提供一定的电能支持,则可以适当降低储能装置的储备容量,在明日峰值电价到来之前使储能装置至少具备40%容量的电能即可。
S4-2:控制电网向负载供电,控制光伏和电网向储能装置供电,使储能装置容量达到储备容量。由于此时电价处于低位,可以充分利用低电价优势进行系统的运转。负载直接由电网供电,同时控制光伏(此时光伏发电功率通常很低或为零)和电网向储能装置供电,使储能装置的容量达到设置的储备容量。
在电网向储能装置供电的过程中,电价可能随时在浮动,在此情况下为最大程度实现电价利用的经济性,电网向储能装置的充电功率根据实时电价进行调整。本实施例中以谷值电价为基准,实时电价为谷值电价时,储能装置的充电功率为额定功率,充电功率与实时电价成反比。即实时电价高出谷值电价越多,充电功率越小,对充电功率实时动态调节,直到储能装置的容量达到储备容量。
S4-3:在储能装置容量高于储备容量时,控制储能装置也向负载供电。为尽量高效利用电能,在储能装置的容量高于储备容量时,控制储能装置也向负载供电,减小电网端的供电压力,节省电费,并在储能装置的容量等于或低于储备容量时停止向负载供电。
S5:控制光伏和储能装置向负载供电。此时实时电价大于谷值电价,暂时不宜使用电网电能,启动储能装置,以储能装置的电能为主,结合光伏发出的电能(此时光伏发电功率通常很低或为零),对负载保持供电,以渡过高电价的时间段。
S6-1:获取负载的供电等级,根据供电等级设置储能装置的警戒容量。像医院、精密生产线、数据中心这些用电可靠性要求较高的场所,发生断电故障或者遭遇自然灾害等意外时,需要储能装置将储备的电能供应给重要负载,以避免故障修复过程中的电能中断,保证重要负荷持续供电。根据供电系统中负载对供电可靠性的要求不同进行的分级标准,本实施例中主要分为以下三级:一级供电,中断供电将造成人身伤亡或重大损失的负载,如发生重大设备损坏,产品出现大量废品,引起生产混乱,重要交通枢纽、干线受阻,广播通信中断或城市水源中断,严重环境污染等,对于这级负载要保证不间断供电。二级供电,中断供电将造成严重停产、停工,局部地区交通阻塞,部分人的正常生活秩序被打乱等,对这级负载在可能的情况下也要保证不间断供电。三级供电,除一级供电、二级供电之外的一般供电,这级负载短时停电造成的损失不大,可以短时停电。根据供电等级设置储能装置的警戒容量,一级供电的警戒容量为70%,二级供电的警戒容量为40%,三级供电的警戒容量为10%。其中,一级供电的警戒容量设置为70%,即一级供电的储能装置只有30%的容量用于削峰填谷降低用电成本的作用,储能装置用到剩余70%的容量则立刻改为电网供电,此处是以供电可靠性作为主要考虑,在电网供电意外失效时,储能装置能够提供较长时间的供电续航,直到电网供电恢复。同样,二级供电和三级供电的供电可靠性要求相对较低,因此可以采用更大比例的储能容量用于降低用电成本,二级供电为60%,三级供电为90%,三级供电预留10%的警戒容量是为了避免储能装置容量完全耗尽影响电池寿命。
S6-2:在储能装置容量达到警戒容量后,切换为电网向负载供电,控制光伏向储能装置供电。根据设置的警戒容量,即储能装置向负载供电的过程中,一级供电的储能装置容量小于或等于70%时,二级供电的储能装置容量小于或等于40%时,三级供电的储能装置容量小于或等于10%时,控制储能装置暂停向负载供电,改为电网直接向负载供电,做好备用电能的储备,以保证供电可靠性。同时控制光伏向储能装置供电,以保持储能装置的警戒容量。
实施例二:
本实施例与实施例一不同之处在于,还包括S7,步骤S7包括以下步骤:
S7-1:根据电池效率将储能装置的电池进行分组。每次充放电结束后,对储能装置各个电池组的电池效率数据进行采集,并将相近效率的电池进行分组,分为高效组、中效组和低效组。通过对不同电池效率的电池进行分组,便于后续的充电管理以及分批次电池更换, 保持储能装置的整体效率。
S7-2:在光伏向储能装置供电的过程中,根据供电等级选取优先供电的电池组。对电池进行分组后,在光伏向储能装置供电的过程中,为使储能装置保持在高效率状态,需要对低电池效率的电池计划换新,使得整个储能装置维持在高效率状态。因此需要频繁使用低效组电池,使低效组的电池尽快达到换新标准进行更换,同时也要考虑低效组电池较低的可靠性和储能效率,需要尽量使用低效组的电池的同时不降低储能装置的供电可靠性。
本实施例中以负载的供电等级为参考,二级供电和三级供电的储能装置主要是为了满足经济性,在电价偏高时能够通过临时使用储能装置起到节省电费的作用,对于二级供电和三级供电的储能装置,充放电比较频繁,预设的警戒容量也不高。因此对于二级供电和三级供电的储能装置,在光伏向储能装置供电的过程中,优先向低效组的电池进行充电,然后供电中效组,最后才是高效组,储能装置放电的过程中也是优先使用低效组,这样能够保持对低效组电池较高的使用频率,便于低效组电池快速达到换新标准进行更换,保障了整个储能装置的整体高效率。
而一级供电的储能装置主要是为了保持对负载的供电可靠性,在电网供电出现故障时能够起到应急供电的作用,一级供电的储能装置以供电可靠性为主,充放电比较少,预设的警戒容量较高。因此对于一级供电的储能装置,在光伏向储能装置供电的过程中,优先向高效组的电池进行充电,若高效组的电池充满后储能装置还未达到警戒容量,则向中效组的电池进行充电,最后向低效组的电池进行充电;若高效组的电池充满后储能装置已到警戒容量,则直接向低效组的电池进行充电。储能装置放电的过程中也是优先使用高效组和中效组,以保证供电可靠性。储能装置放电的过程中,未到警戒容量时,优先使用低效组的电池,在警戒容量以下且电网供电故障,则直接采用高效组的电池。一级供电的储能装置通过以上充放电分配方式,能够尽量满足低效组的电池的使用,同时不降低储能装置的供电可靠性。
本实施例还提供光伏发电储能控制系统,该系统采用了上述光伏发电储能控制方法。
本实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,所述存储介质上存储有计算机程序,当所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,实现上述光伏发电储能控制方法。
以上的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述,所属领域普通技术人员知晓申请日或者优先权日之前发明所属技术领域所有的普通技术知 识,能够获知该领域中所有的现有技术,并且具有应用该日期之前常规实验手段的能力,所属领域普通技术人员可以在本申请得出的启示下,结合自身能力完善并实施本方案,一些典型的公知结构或者公知方法不应当成为所属领域普通技术人员实施本申请的障碍。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 光伏发电储能控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
    S1:获取光伏发电功率、负载功率,比较光伏发电功率和负载功率,若光伏发电功率不小于负载功率,则执行S2,否则执行S3;
    S2:控制光伏向负载和储能装置供电;
    S3:获取实时电价,比较实时电价和预设电价,若实时电价大于预设电价,则执行S5,否则执行S4;
    S4:控制电网向负载供电,控制光伏和电网向储能装置供电;
    S5:控制光伏和储能装置向负载供电;
    S6:在储能装置容量达到警戒容量后,切换为电网向负载供电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电储能控制方法,其特征在于:所述预设电价为谷值电价。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电储能控制方法,其特征在于:所述S6包括:
    S6-1:获取负载的供电等级,根据供电等级设置储能装置的警戒容量;
    S6-2:在储能装置容量达到警戒容量后,切换为电网向负载供电,控制光伏向储能装置供电。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光伏发电储能控制方法,其特征在于:所述S6-1中供电等级包括一级供电、二级供电和三级供电,所述一级供电的警戒容量为70%,所述二级供电的警戒容量为40%,所述三级供电的警戒容量为10%。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电储能控制方法,其特征在于:所述S4包括:
    S4-1:获取天气预报,根据天气预报设置储能装置的储备容量;
    S4-2:控制电网向负载供电,控制光伏和电网向储能装置供电,使储能装置容量达到储备容量。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光伏发电储能控制方法,其特征在于:所述S4-2中电网向储能装置的充电功率根据实时电价进行调整;所述实时电价为谷值电价时,储能装置的充电功率为额定功率,所述充电功率与实时电价成反比。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的窃电分析方法,其特征在于:所述S4-1为:获取天气预报, 根据天气预报和历史发电数据分析预测发电量,根据预测发电量和负载能耗设置储能装置的储备容量;还包括S4-3:在储能装置容量高于储备容量时,控制储能装置也向负载供电。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的光伏发电储能控制方法,其特征在于:还包括S7,所述S7包括:
    S7-1:根据电池效率将储能装置的电池进行分组;
    S7-2:在光伏向储能装置供电的过程中,根据供电等级选取优先供电的电池组。
  9. 光伏发电储能控制系统,其特征在于:该系统采用了权利要求1至8任一项所述的光伏发电储能控制方法。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述存储介质上存储有计算机程序,当所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,实现如权利要求1至8任一项所述的光伏发电储能控制方法。
PCT/CN2023/073801 2022-07-29 2023-01-30 光伏发电储能控制方法、系统及存储介质 WO2024021549A1 (zh)

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