CN111525622A - 一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN111525622A
CN111525622A CN202010473552.XA CN202010473552A CN111525622A CN 111525622 A CN111525622 A CN 111525622A CN 202010473552 A CN202010473552 A CN 202010473552A CN 111525622 A CN111525622 A CN 111525622A
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power
grid
energy storage
alternating current
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冯悦鸣
陆水锦
仇群辉
姚敏
包伟峰
郭振
王冬林
徐赟
沈菁菁
蒋宁
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ZHEJIANG TSINGHUA YANGTZE RIVER DELTA RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Jiaxing Hengchuang Electric Equipment Co ltd
Jiaxing Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University Zhejiang
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ZHEJIANG TSINGHUA YANGTZE RIVER DELTA RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Jiaxing Hengchuang Electric Equipment Co ltd
Jiaxing Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统及方法，属于微电网技术领域。本发明的系统包括发电单元，通过太阳能光伏发电并接入交流母线中；公共电网单元，用于将公共电网接入微电网供电，以及将微电网过盈电量上传至公共电网；储能单元，用于将发电单元产生的电能以直流电的形式进行储存；负载单元，用于将负载接入微电网以消耗电能；监控单元，用于监测和控制微电网中的设备。本发明能够有效保证整个微电网的稳定运行，同时提高电能的利用率，降低成本。

Description

一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及微电网技术领域，尤其涉及一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统及方法。
背景技术
近些年，微电网由于建设成本低、运行损耗小、无环境污染等优点蓬勃发展。 而光伏发电因为取材方便，技术成熟等优点是最常用的新能源，被微电网广泛使用。但是不可避免的是，环境和时间的因素对光伏发电的影响极大，太阳辐射量总是在动态变化，光伏发电功率也随之而变，还有夜晚时刻光伏缺少太阳能无法正常工作。为解决该问题，微电网中常会设置储能装置，但是这样又会增加微电网的使用成本和难以管理和调度整个微电网中的能量，导致资源浪费。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题，提供一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统及方法，其能够有效保证整个微电网的稳定运行，同时提高电能的利用率，降低成本。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，包括：
发电单元，通过太阳能光伏发电并接入交流母线中；
公共电网单元，用于将公共电网接入微电网供电，以及将微电网过盈电量上传至公共电网；
储能单元，用于将发电单元产生的电能以直流电的形式进行储存；
负载单元，用于将负载接入微电网以消耗电能；
监控单元，用于监测和控制微电网中的设备。
本发明的工作原理：发电单元产生的电能供给微电网，当发电单元供给不足时，利用储能单元进行补偿供电，若储能单元的供电不足，则再利用公共电网单元补充供电；当发电单元供给过量时，通过储能单元进行储存，当储能单元电量充满后，在将多余电量上传至公共电网。本发明对储能单元的要求较低，所以使用成本较低，同时能够合理地利用公共电网进行电能调度，确保微电网稳定供电的同时避免了电能的浪费。
作为本发明优选，所述发电单元包括光伏板和光伏并网逆变器，所述光伏板通过光伏并网逆变器连接至交流母线。
作为本发明优选，所述公共电网单元包括公共电网和配电变压器，所述公共电网通过配电变压器连接至交流母线。
作为本发明优选，所述储能单元包括储能变流器和储能电池组，所述储能电池组通过储能变流器连接至交流母线。
作为本发明优选，所述负载单元包括直流负载、整流器、交流负载和变压器，所述直流负载通过整流器连接至交流母线，所述交流负载通过变压器连接至交流母线。
作为本发明优选，所述监控单元包括采集控制终端和人机交互端，所述采集控制终端和人机交互端通过开关电源连接至交流母线。
作为本发明优选，所述系统还包括：
应急单元，用于微电网故障或断电的突发状况下的供电。
作为本发明优选，所述应急单元包括发电机、变压器、超级电容和整流器，所述发电机通过变压器连接至交流母线，所述超级电容通过整流器连接至交流母线，所述超级电容连接至所述发电机。
作为本发明优选，所述发电单元、公共电网单元、储能单元、负载单元、监控单元、应急单元与交流母线之间均设有断路器，断路器均连接至所述监控单元。
本发明还提供一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理方法，采用如上所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，所述方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S1，发电单元产生电能以供给负载单元，如果发电功率过盈，则判断储能单元是否充满，若储能单元未充满，则执行步骤S2.1，若储能单元已充满，则执行步骤S2.2；如果发电功率无法满足负载单元的消耗，则计算出负载单元的欠缺功率，并判断当前时间为用电高峰时段或低估时间，若为高峰时段，则执行步骤S3.1，若为低估时段，则执行步骤S3.2；
步骤S2.1，将发电单元过盈的功率供给储能单元充电储存；
步骤S2.2，将发电单元过盈的功率上传至公共电网单元；
步骤S3.1，判断负载单元欠缺功率是否大于储能单元最大输出功率，若是，则执行步骤S3.2，若否，则启用储能单元放电，补偿负载单元的欠缺功率；
步骤S3.2，将公共电网单元接入微电网中，以补偿负载单元的欠缺功率，并判断当前储能单元的放电深度是否小于系统设定的储能单元最大放电深度，若是，则执行步骤S4；
步骤S4，公共电网单元向微电网供电，并使储能单元进行充电。
本发明的优点是：
1、通过合理的电能调度，有效保证了整个微电网的稳定运行，同时提高电能的利用率，降低成本。
2、通过合理高效的能量管理方法，减少了储能单元的充放电次数，延长了其使用寿命，提高来了经济效益。
3、应急单元的设置，能够有效预防故障或断电的突发状况，以保证微电网的平稳运行。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统的结构原理图；
图2为本发明一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统的通讯总线拓扑图；
图3为本发明一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
如图1所示，一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，包括发电单元、公共电网单元、应急单元、储能单元、负载单元、监控单元，每个单元均通过断路器连接至交流母线。其中：
发电单元包括用于将太阳能转换为电能的光伏板和将直流电转换为交流电的光伏并网逆变器，光伏板通过光伏并网逆变器和断路器连接至交流母线。发电单元源源不断地向整个微电网输送电能。
公共电网单元包括10kV电网和配电变压器，10kV电网通过配电变压器和断路器连接至交流母线。当用电低谷时段发电单元不足以支撑微电网的用电功率，或者用电高峰时段发电单元和储能单元并用都不足以支撑微电网的用电功率时，公共电网单元接入微电网，为整个微电网输送电能，以补偿微电网用电欠缺功率。若发电单元发电量过盈且储能单元已充满，则将微电网中多余的电量上传至公共电网单元。
应急单元包括柴油发电机、变压器、超级电容和整流器，柴油发电机通过变压器和断路器连接至交流母线，超级电容通过整流器和断路器连接到交流母线，且超级电容连接到柴油发电机。在微电网故障或断电的突发状况下，微电网需要柴油发电机发电支撑，然而柴油发电机从启动到具有带满负荷能力也需要启动电源作为支撑且耗时较长，多数柴油发电机采用内置蓄电池作为启动电源，这种传统启动方法不仅会使内置蓄电池深度放电，严重影响内置蓄电池的使用寿命，而且在低温条件下，由于内置蓄电池容量下降很快，很难启动成功。利用超级电容快速放电的特性，提供瞬时启动功率和启动转矩来满足柴油发电机尖峰功率的需求，不仅可以有效缩短柴油发电机的启动时间，而且在低温条件下能轻松启动柴油发电机。由于超级电容的自然消耗性，需要通过整流器和断路器定期给超级电容进行充放电保养，以延长超级电容的使用寿命。
储能单元包括储能变流器和储能电池组，储能电池组通过储能变流器和断路器连接至交流母线。当储能单元充电时，储能变流器将交流母线中的交流电经整流后以直流电形式向储能电池组存储电能，当储能单元放电时，储能变流器先将储能电池组释放的直流电逆变为交流电再传入到交流母线中。储能单元能够有效保障微电网全时段全天候稳定运行，且具有较优的经济效益。
负载单元包括变压器、交流负载、整流器和直流负载，交流负载通过变压器和断路器连接至交流母线，直流负载通过整流器和断路器连接至交流母线。负载单元用于消耗电能，交流负载可以是多个并联的交流负载的集合，而不仅仅单指一个交流负载，直流负载也可以是多个并联直流负载的集合，而不仅仅单指一个直流负载。
监控单元包括开关电源、采集控制终端和人机交互端，采集控制终端和人机交互端通过开关电源和断路器连接至交流母线。如图2所示，人机交互端通过工业以太网与采集控制终端进行相互通讯，通过构建拓扑结构和使用TCP/IP、MOUBUS、串口及IEC104通讯方式建立起系统的通讯总线，各个单元中的设备经由通讯总线将数据传送到监控单元，控制指令从监控单元经由通讯总线发至对应设备，从而实现系统能量管理并保证系统的实时性。其中的主要监控数据包括：光伏板的发电功率、电压、电流，超级电容电池电压、电池温度、电池SOC、SOH，交流负载的用电功率、直流负载的用电功率，储能变流器的报警参数、储能电池组的电池电压、电池温度、电池SOC、SOH，以及各个断路器的开闭状态。监控单元将所有数据直观的显示到人机交互端中方便工作人员进行操作。
如图3所示，本发明还提供一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理方法，采用如上所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，所述方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S1，发电单元产生电能以供给负载单元，如果发电功率过盈，则判断储能单元是否充满，若储能单元未充满，则执行步骤S2.1，若储能单元已充满，则执行步骤S2.2；如果发电功率无法满足负载单元的消耗，则计算出负载单元的欠缺功率，并判断当前时间为用电高峰时段或低估时间，若为高峰时段，则执行步骤S3.1，若为低估时段，则执行步骤S3.2；
步骤S2.1，将发电单元过盈的功率供给储能单元充电储存；
步骤S2.2，将发电单元过盈的功率上传至公共电网单元；
步骤S3.1，判断负载单元欠缺功率是否大于储能单元最大输出功率，若是，则执行步骤S3.2，若否，则启用储能单元放电，补偿负载单元的欠缺功率；
步骤S3.2，将公共电网单元接入微电网中，以补偿负载单元的欠缺功率，并判断当前储能单元的放电深度是否小于系统设定的储能单元最大放电深度，若是，则执行步骤S4；
步骤S4，公共电网单元向微电网供电，并使储能单元进行充电。
本方法通过对电能合理的调度，减少了储能单元的充放电次数，延长了其使用寿命，提高来了经济效益。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，该具体实施方式是基于本发明整体构思下的一种实现方式，而且本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，其特征在于，包括：
发电单元，通过太阳能光伏发电并接入交流母线中；
公共电网单元，用于将公共电网接入微电网供电，以及将微电网过盈电量上传至公共电网；
储能单元，用于将发电单元产生的电能以直流电的形式进行储存；
负载单元，用于将负载接入微电网以消耗电能；
监控单元，用于监测和控制微电网中的设备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，其特征在于，所述发电单元包括光伏板和光伏并网逆变器，所述光伏板通过光伏并网逆变器连接至交流母线。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，其特征在于，所述公共电网单元包括公共电网和配电变压器，所述公共电网通过配电变压器连接至交流母线。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，其特征在于，所述储能单元包括储能变流器和储能电池组，所述储能电池组通过储能变流器连接至交流母线。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，其特征在于，所述负载单元包括直流负载、整流器、交流负载和变压器，所述直流负载通过整流器连接至交流母线，所述交流负载通过变压器连接至交流母线。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，其特征在于，所述监控单元包括采集控制终端和人机交互端，所述采集控制终端和人机交互端通过开关电源连接至交流母线。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括：
应急单元，用于微电网故障或断电的突发状况下的供电。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，其特征在于，所述应急单元包括发电机、变压器、超级电容和整流器，所述发电机通过变压器连接至交流母线，所述超级电容通过整流器连接至交流母线，所述超级电容连接至所述发电机。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，其特征在于，所述发电单元、公共电网单元、储能单元、负载单元、监控单元、应急单元与交流母线之间均设有断路器，断路器均连接至所述监控单元。
10.一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理方法，采用如权利要求1所述的一种光储充一体化微电网能量管理系统，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S1，发电单元产生电能以供给负载单元，如果发电功率过盈，则判断储能单元是否充满，若储能单元未充满，则执行步骤S2.1，若储能单元已充满，则执行步骤S2.2；如果发电功率无法满足负载单元的消耗，则计算出负载单元的欠缺功率，并判断当前时间为用电高峰时段或低估时间，若为高峰时段，则执行步骤S3.1，若为低估时段，则执行步骤S3.2；
步骤S2.1，将发电单元过盈的功率供给储能单元充电储存；
步骤S2.2，将发电单元过盈的功率上传至公共电网单元；
步骤S3.1，判断负载单元欠缺功率是否大于储能单元最大输出功率，若是，则执行步骤S3.2，若否，则启用储能单元放电，补偿负载单元的欠缺功率；
步骤S3.2，将公共电网单元接入微电网中，以补偿负载单元的欠缺功率，并判断当前储能单元的放电深度是否小于系统设定的储能单元最大放电深度，若是，则执行步骤S4；
步骤S4，公共电网单元向微电网供电，并使储能单元进行充电。
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