WO2024021545A1 - 一种风力发电机的控制方法和相关装置 - Google Patents

一种风力发电机的控制方法和相关装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024021545A1
WO2024021545A1 PCT/CN2023/072756 CN2023072756W WO2024021545A1 WO 2024021545 A1 WO2024021545 A1 WO 2024021545A1 CN 2023072756 W CN2023072756 W CN 2023072756W WO 2024021545 A1 WO2024021545 A1 WO 2024021545A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
target
wind turbine
acceleration
yaw
preset
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PCT/CN2023/072756
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙涛
陈勇
黄晓芳
孙兆冲
Original Assignee
北京金风科创风电设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2024021545A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024021545A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0296—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular to a control method and related devices for a wind power generator.
  • Wind turbine yaw refers to the change in the direction of the wind turbine. During the yaw process of the wind turbine, abnormal vibration conditions may be caused by a variety of factors. These abnormal vibration conditions may affect wind power generation. The normal operation of the machine will bring certain harm.
  • the protection scheme for excessive vibration of the unit during the yaw process is to shut down immediately when the unit is in the yaw process and the effective acceleration value detected by the acceleration sensor installed in the cabin exceeds the preset fault threshold.
  • the vibration over-limit protection scheme in related technologies can easily cause frequent shutdowns of wind turbines, which not only affects the power generation of the unit but also increases the fatigue load caused by the startup and shutdown of the unit.
  • this application provides a control method for a wind turbine.
  • the processing equipment can perform targeted control based on accurate analysis results of yaw vibration, ensuring the stable operation of the wind turbine while reducing the frequency of shutdowns. , improve the power generation of the unit and reduce the startup and shutdown losses.
  • embodiments of the present application disclose a control method for a wind turbine, which method includes:
  • the target wind turbine does not meet the wind condition factor determination condition, it is determined that the effective acceleration value of the target wind turbine exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold due to the yaw brake disc system factor;
  • the operating state of the target wind turbine is controlled.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the maximum absolute value of acceleration corresponding to the first preset period before the target wind turbine of the target wind turbine is greater than the instantaneous acceleration threshold, and the method further includes:
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the maximum absolute value of the acceleration change rate of the vibration dominant direction of the target wind turbine corresponding to the second preset period before the target time is greater than the first change rate.
  • the threshold value, or the absolute mean value of the acceleration change rate of the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the target wind turbine in the third preset period before the target time is greater than the second change rate threshold, and the third preset period is smaller than the second preset period. Assuming a time period, the method further includes:
  • the absolute mean value of the change rate, the target time is the time when the effective acceleration value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the average effective value of the acceleration corresponding to the fourth preset period before the target time of the target wind turbine is less than the average effective value threshold, and the method further includes:
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the target duration corresponding to the target wind turbine is greater than a first duration threshold, and the method further includes:
  • the target duration is the duration between the last zero-crossing moment of the acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration before the target moment and the target moment.
  • the target moment is the effective value of the acceleration.
  • the first duration threshold is determined based on the first-order frequency and rotation frequency of the tower corresponding to the target wind turbine.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the dominant frequency of acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the target wind turbine is less than a frequency threshold, and the method further includes:
  • the factor that responds to the acceleration effective value exceeding the vibration over-limit threshold is a wind condition factor or a yaw brake disc system factor
  • controlling the operating state of the target wind turbine includes :
  • the target wind turbine In response to the effective acceleration value of the target wind turbine exceeding the vibration over-limit threshold due to the yaw brake disc system factor, the target wind turbine is shut down.
  • the method further includes:
  • yaw warning information is generated, and the yaw warning information is used to identify that the target wind turbine has a risk of failure.
  • the N preset yaw periods include a target preset yaw period, and the N preset yaw periods are determined based on acceleration parameters corresponding to the N preset yaw periods.
  • Abnormal yaw periods in the preset yaw period include:
  • the target preset yaw period in response to the length of the interval between two adjacent zero-crossing points in the front-rear direction or the left-right direction within the target preset yaw period being greater than the second duration threshold, determining the target preset yaw period to be the abnormal yaw period;
  • the target preset yaw period in response to the number of acceleration zero crossings being no more than one in the target preset period, determining the target preset yaw period to be the abnormal yaw period.
  • inventions of the present application disclose a control device for a wind turbine.
  • the device includes a first acquisition unit, a first determination unit, a second determination unit, a third determination unit and a control unit:
  • the first acquisition unit is used to acquire the acceleration parameters corresponding to the target wind turbine in real time
  • the first determination unit is configured to determine whether the target wind turbine meets wind condition factors in response to the target wind turbine being in a yaw state and the effective acceleration value corresponding to the acceleration parameter exceeding the vibration over-limit threshold. Judgment conditions;
  • the second determination unit is configured to determine that the effective acceleration value of the target wind turbine exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold due to the wind condition factor if the target wind turbine meets the wind condition factor determination condition;
  • the third determination unit is used to determine that the effective acceleration value of the target wind turbine exceeds the vibration due to the yaw brake disc system factor of the target wind turbine if the target wind turbine does not meet the wind condition factor determination condition. exceed threshold;
  • the control unit is configured to control the operating state of the target wind turbine in response to the factor that the acceleration effective value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold being a wind condition factor or a yaw brake disc system factor.
  • the wind condition factor determination conditions include the target wind power generation The maximum absolute value of the acceleration corresponding to the first preset period before the target time of the motor is greater than the instantaneous acceleration threshold.
  • the device also includes a fourth determination unit:
  • the fourth determination unit is used to determine the maximum absolute value of acceleration corresponding to the first preset period before the target generator target time, where the target time is the time when the effective acceleration value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the maximum absolute value of the acceleration change rate of the vibration dominant direction of the target wind turbine corresponding to the second preset period before the target time is greater than the first change rate.
  • the threshold value, or the absolute mean value of the acceleration change rate of the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the target wind turbine in the third preset period before the target time is greater than the second change rate threshold, and the third preset period is smaller than the second preset period.
  • the device further includes a fifth determining unit:
  • the fifth determination unit is used to determine the absolute value of the acceleration change rate of the vibration dominant direction of the target generator corresponding to the second preset period before the target time, and determine the absolute value of the acceleration change rate of the target wind turbine in the third preset period before the target time.
  • the absolute average value of the acceleration change rate in the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the preset period, and the target time is the time when the effective value of acceleration exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the average effective value of acceleration corresponding to the fourth preset period before the target time of the target wind turbine is less than the average effective value threshold, and the device further includes a third Six determined units:
  • the sixth determination unit is used to determine the mean acceleration effective value of the target wind turbine corresponding to the fourth preset period before the target time, and the target time is the time when the acceleration effective value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the target duration corresponding to the target wind turbine is greater than the first duration threshold, and the device further includes a seventh determination unit:
  • the seventh determination unit is used to determine the target duration corresponding to the target wind turbine.
  • the target duration is the duration between the last zero-crossing moment of the acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration before the target moment and the target moment, so
  • the target time is the time when the effective acceleration value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold, and the first duration threshold is determined based on the first-order frequency and rotation frequency of the tower corresponding to the target wind turbine.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the dominant frequency of acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the target wind turbine is less than a frequency threshold, and the device further includes an eighth determination unit:
  • the eighth determination unit is used to determine the dominant frequency of acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the target wind turbine.
  • control unit is specifically used to:
  • the target wind turbine In response to the effective acceleration value of the target wind turbine exceeding the vibration over-limit threshold due to the yaw brake disc system factor, the target wind turbine is shut down.
  • the device further includes a second acquisition unit, an eighth determination unit and a generation unit:
  • the second acquisition unit is used to obtain the acceleration parameters corresponding to the target wind turbine in the N preset yaw periods in units of the preset yaw period;
  • the eighth determination unit is configured to determine the abnormal yaw period among the N preset yaw periods based on the acceleration parameters corresponding to the N preset yaw periods;
  • the generating unit is configured to generate yaw warning information in response to the proportion of abnormal yaw periods in the N preset yaw periods being greater than a proportion threshold, where the yaw warning information is used to identify the target wind force. There is a risk of generator failure.
  • the N preset yaw periods include a target preset yaw period
  • the eighth determination unit is specifically configured to:
  • the target preset yaw period in response to the length of the interval between two adjacent zero-crossing points in the front-rear direction or the left-right direction within the target preset yaw period being greater than the second duration threshold, determining the target preset yaw period to be the abnormal yaw period;
  • the target preset yaw period in response to the number of acceleration zero crossings being no more than one in the target preset period, determining the target preset yaw period to be the abnormal yaw period.
  • embodiments of the present application disclose a processing device, which includes a processor and a memory:
  • the memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor
  • the processor is configured to execute the control method of a wind turbine according to any one of the first aspects according to instructions in the program code.
  • embodiments of the present application disclose a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium being used to store a computer program, the computer program being used to execute the wind power generation method described in any one of the first aspects. Machine control method.
  • embodiments of the present application disclose a computer program product including instructions that, when run on a processing device, cause the processing device to execute the control method for a wind turbine described in any one of the first aspects. .
  • this application provides a control method for a wind turbine, which obtains the acceleration parameters corresponding to the target wind turbine in real time, and responds to the target wind turbine being in a yaw state, and the acceleration parameters corresponding to If the effective acceleration value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold, it can be determined whether the target wind turbine meets the wind condition factor determination conditions.
  • the wind condition factor determination conditions are used to determine the cause of the wind turbine's yaw vibration exceeding the limit. If the target wind turbine meets the wind condition factor determination conditions, it can be determined that the effective acceleration value of the wind turbine exceeds the vibration due to wind condition factors.
  • the dynamic over-limit threshold if the target wind turbine does not meet the wind condition factor determination conditions, it can be determined that the effective acceleration value of the target wind turbine exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold due to the yaw brake disc system factors.
  • the operating state of the target generator can be controlled, so that the operation status of the target generator can be controlled based on a relatively accurately analyzed cause of the over-limit.
  • the wind turbine is controlled to avoid frequent shutdown operations in response to overruns caused by wind conditions, reducing the start and stop frequency of the wind turbine, thereby increasing the power generation of the wind turbine and reducing the risk of wind turbines. Losses caused by starting and stopping the generator.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of a wind turbine control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a control method for a wind turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a control method for a wind turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a control method for a wind turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a control method for a wind turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a control method for a wind turbine in an actual application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a control method for a wind turbine in an actual application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 8 is a structural block diagram of a control device for a wind turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the main factors causing vibration during the yaw process are complex wind conditions, excessive wear of the yaw brake disc, or pollution.
  • the current vibration protection strategy during yaw does not further distinguish the factors causing vibration, so the crew cannot implement adaptive control based on the root cause of the problem. It cannot issue an early warning when the yaw brake disc is excessively worn or the pollution is not serious (that is, before the vibration exceeds the limit and causes shutdown), and guides the operation and maintenance personnel to formulate an operation and maintenance plan in light wind conditions. It also cannot deal with excessive vibration caused by complex wind conditions. fault ride-through and short-term load shedding control. When the vibration during the yaw process exceeds the limit, a fault shutdown will be performed directly, which will not only affect the power generation of the unit but also increase the fatigue load caused by the unit starting and stopping.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a control method for a wind turbine.
  • the processing equipment can perform targeted control based on accurate analysis results of yaw vibration, ensuring the stable operation of the wind turbine while reducing the cost of the wind turbine.
  • the frequency of shutdowns increases the power generation of the unit and reduces startup and shutdown losses.
  • the above-mentioned processing equipment may be a terminal device or server with a wind turbine control function.
  • This method can be executed independently by the terminal device or the server, or can be applied to a network scenario in which the terminal device and the server communicate, and can be executed by the terminal device and the server in cooperation.
  • the terminal device can be a desktop computer, a notebook and other devices.
  • the server can be understood as an application server or a Web server. In actual deployment, the server can be an independent server, a cluster server, or a cloud platform.
  • the above-mentioned processing device may be a controller of a wind turbine, and the controller may execute the control method of the wind turbine described in any of the following embodiments based on a computer program.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of a wind turbine control method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The method includes:
  • the target wind turbine can be any wind turbine that needs to be controlled.
  • the acceleration parameter is used to reflect the vibration condition of the target wind turbine.
  • the acceleration parameter can include the acceleration x in the front and rear direction and the left and right direction of the target wind turbine.
  • acceleration y can be obtained through an acceleration sensor.
  • the processing equipment needs to accurately analyze the reasons why the vibration of the target wind turbine exceeds the limit in the yaw state.
  • the processing equipment can detect in real time whether the target wind turbine is in a yaw state, and preset a vibration over-limit threshold, which is used to determine whether the target wind turbine has abnormal vibration.
  • the processing device may determine that the target wind turbine is in a yaw vibration over-limit state. At this time, the processing device may determine that the target Whether the wind turbine meets the wind condition factor determination conditions.
  • the wind condition factor determination conditions are used to determine whether the yaw vibration exceeding the limit is caused by wind condition factors.
  • the wind condition factor refers to the wind factor in the environment. Due to the short period of time, Reasons such as excessive wind speed may cause the wind turbine to vibrate excessively in a certain direction and exceed the limit.
  • the effective value of the acceleration can be the combined acceleration value in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction.
  • the combined formula is:
  • A is the effective value of acceleration.
  • the processing equipment can control the target wind turbine in a targeted manner based on the factors that lead to vibration exceeding the limit determined in the above steps, thereby avoiding shutdown processing for any vibration exceeding the limit factors and reducing startup and shutdown losses.
  • the processing device in response to the target wind turbine causing the effective acceleration value to exceed the vibration over-limit threshold due to wind conditions, can perform fault ride-through for the target wind turbine, that is, the processing device can transfer the wind speed corresponding to the target wind turbine. Add 1 to the number of abnormal wind conditions, and then count the number of abnormal wind conditions corresponding to the target wind turbine during the target period. In response to the number of abnormal wind conditions corresponding to the target wind turbine within the target period reaching the preset threshold, it means that the current target wind turbine is in abnormal wind conditions, and the processing equipment can perform load reduction control on the target wind turbine to ensure wind power generation. machine operation safety.
  • the processing equipment can shut down the target wind turbine to avoid more serious equipment failure caused by the target wind turbine.
  • this application provides a control method for a wind turbine, which obtains the acceleration parameters corresponding to the target wind turbine in real time, and responds to the target wind turbine being in a yaw state, and the acceleration parameters corresponding to If the effective acceleration value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold, it can be determined whether the target wind turbine meets the wind condition factor determination conditions.
  • the wind condition factor determination conditions are used to determine the cause of the wind turbine's yaw vibration exceeding the limit.
  • the target wind turbine meets the wind condition factor determination conditions, it can be determined that the effective acceleration value of the wind turbine exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold due to wind condition factors; if the target wind turbine does not meet the wind condition factor determination conditions, it can be determined The effective acceleration value of the target wind turbine exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold due to the yaw brake disc system factor.
  • the operating state of the target generator can be controlled, so that the operation status of the target generator can be controlled based on a relatively accurately analyzed cause of the over-limit.
  • the wind turbine is controlled to avoid frequent shutdown operations in response to overruns caused by wind conditions, reducing the start and stop frequency of the wind turbine, thereby increasing the power generation of the wind turbine and reducing the risk of wind turbines. Losses caused by starting and stopping the generator.
  • the processing equipment can first analyze the data characteristics corresponding to the two factors that cause the yaw vibration to exceed the limit.
  • k represents the left signal line
  • b represents the right signal line
  • power represents the unit power
  • yawposition represents the yaw position
  • accx represents the front and rear acceleration
  • accy represents the left and right acceleration
  • fftaccx represents the front and rear acceleration spectrum
  • fftaccy represents the left and right
  • the abscissa axis 0 represents the moment when the vibration exceeds the limit
  • the abscissa axis greater than 0 represents the moment before the vibration exceeds the limit.
  • the characteristics shown in Figure 2 are the rotational frequency vibration of the unit caused by complex wind conditions during the yaw process, which is caused by wear or pollution of the non-yaw braking system. It can be seen that the accx amplitude is greater than the accy amplitude before the vibration exceeds the limit.
  • Figure 3 shows the characteristics of a typical vibration overrun caused by wear or contamination of the yaw brake system. It can be seen that the dominant direction of vibration is accy. Before the vibration exceeds the limit, the accy is seriously convex, and the curve is extremely unsmooth. The corresponding accy change rate The absolute value is greater than the vibration exceeding the limit caused by complex wind conditions.
  • Figure 4 shows another vibration over-limit characteristic caused by wear or contamination of the yaw brake system. It can be seen that the instantaneous value of accx or accy will be relatively large, which is also a diagnostic feature.
  • Figure 5 is also a vibration over-limit characteristic caused by wear or contamination of the yaw brake system. It can be seen that the dominant direction of vibration is the left and right directions, that is, accy. The normal period of the accy signal is t1, and t2 is equivalent to 0.5 periods. It can be seen that the time for the acceleration to cross the zero point has been extended, which is equivalent to the period becoming longer. This method can also be used to determine whether the yaw brake system is worn or contaminated. One way to vibrate beyond limits.
  • the processing device can perform condition judgment in various ways as follows.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the maximum absolute value of the acceleration of the target wind turbine corresponding to the first preset period before the target time is greater than the instantaneous acceleration threshold, and the processing device can determine the target time of the target wind turbine.
  • the maximum absolute value of acceleration corresponding to the first preset period, and the target time is the time when the effective value of acceleration exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the maximum absolute value of acceleration is the maximum acceleration value in the left and right or front and rear directions.
  • the first preset period can refer to the range of 30s to 90s.
  • the value of the instantaneous acceleration threshold should be greater than the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the factor is the wind condition factor. If the maximum absolute value of acceleration corresponding to the period is not greater than the instantaneous acceleration threshold, the factor can be determined to be the yaw brake disc system factor.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the maximum absolute value of the acceleration change rate of the vibration dominant direction of the target wind turbine corresponding to the second preset period before the target time is greater than the first change rate threshold, or the target wind turbine is greater than the first change rate threshold.
  • the average absolute value of the acceleration change rate of the dominant vibration direction of the wind turbine corresponding to the third preset period before the target time is greater than the second change rate threshold, and the third preset period is smaller than the second preset period.
  • the processing device may determine the absolute value of the acceleration change rate of the vibration dominant direction of the target wind turbine corresponding to the second preset period before the target time, and determine the acceleration change of the vibration dominant direction of the target wind turbine corresponding to the third preset period before the target time.
  • the absolute mean value of the rate, the target moment is the moment when the effective value of acceleration exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the dominant frequency of vibration is the spectrum obtained by performing fast Fourier transform on the acceleration signal.
  • the frequency value corresponding to the maximum point of the spectrum amplitude is the dominant frequency of vibration.
  • the dominant direction of vibration is within a specific time period. If the maximum absolute value of the acceleration peak or trough value in the front-to-back direction is greater than the maximum absolute value of the acceleration peak or trough value in the left-right direction, then the dominant direction of vibration is judged to be the front-to-back direction; otherwise, the dominant direction of vibration is judged to be left and right direction.
  • Acceleration change rate (accx detected in the period - accx detected in the previous period)/detection period, detection period
  • the unit of measurement period is time unit (second); the same is true for accy change rate.
  • the second preset time period can be set to 30s to 90s
  • the first change rate threshold is a constant, and can take a value of 4
  • the third preset time period can refer to the range of 10s to 60s
  • the second change rate threshold is a constant and can take a value of 4. Value needs to be greater than 0.3.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the average effective value of the acceleration corresponding to the fourth preset period before the target time of the target wind turbine is less than the average effective value threshold.
  • the processing device can determine the target wind force The average acceleration effective value of the generator corresponding to the fourth preset period before the target time.
  • the target time is the time when the acceleration effective value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the fourth preset period can be set to a range of 10s to 60s, and the effective mean value threshold can be set to 0.02.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the target duration corresponding to the target wind turbine is greater than the first duration threshold.
  • the processing device can determine the target duration corresponding to the target wind turbine, and the target duration is The duration between the last zero-crossing moment of the acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration before the target moment and the target moment.
  • the target moment is the moment when the effective value of acceleration exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the first duration threshold is based on the first order of the tower corresponding to the target wind turbine.
  • the frequency and frequency are determined. Among them, the zero-crossing moment refers to the moment when the acceleration direction of the target wind turbine changes reversely.
  • the first-order frequency of the tower refers to the first-order natural mode frequency of the tower, which ranges from 0.1Hz to 0.3Hz.
  • the unit rotation frequency vibration is mainly 1 times the rotation frequency, 3 times the rotation frequency, and 6 times the rotation frequency.
  • the frequency range is 0.08Hz- between 1.2Hz.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the dominant frequency of acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the target wind turbine is less than the frequency threshold.
  • the processing equipment can first determine the dominant vibration direction acceleration frequency corresponding to the target wind turbine. If the dominant frequency of acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the target wind turbine is less than the frequency threshold, the factor can be determined to be the wind condition factor, otherwise it is the yaw brake disc system factor.
  • the frequency threshold is a constant, and the value range must be larger than the frequency range.
  • the processing device can first determine whether the wind turbine is in an acceleration effective value > vibration over-limit threshold a, and the unit is in the yaw process, then the processing device can determine whether the wind turbine is in The yaw vibration exceeds the limit state, and then the processing equipment can determine whether the maximum absolute value of acceleration x or y in the first preset period Ta time before the acceleration exceeds the limit > the acceleration instantaneous threshold b, and the vibration in Ta time statistics before the acceleration exceeds the limit is dominant.
  • the determined factor is the wind condition factor, and the processing equipment can perform certain Fault ride-through within frequency, limited power and load reduction control; if any of the above conditions are not met, the judgment factor is wear or contamination of the yaw brake disc system, and the processing equipment can perform cabin acceleration over-limit fault protection shutdown during the yaw process.
  • the processing device can also provide an early warning before the yaw exceeds the limit.
  • the processing device can obtain the acceleration parameters corresponding to the target wind turbine in N preset yaw periods in units of preset yaw periods, and then determine N based on the acceleration parameters corresponding to the N preset yaw periods.
  • the abnormal yaw period in the preset yaw period refers to the yaw period in which the acceleration parameters are relatively abnormal.
  • the processing device can still generate yaw alarm information.
  • the yaw alarm information is used to identify the risk of failure of the target wind turbine.
  • the N preset yaw periods include a target preset yaw period.
  • the processing device can Based on the acceleration parameters corresponding to the target's preset yaw period, it is determined whether the mean absolute value of acceleration corresponding to the target's preset yaw period is greater than the absolute mean threshold, and in response to the fact that the mean absolute value of acceleration corresponding to the target's preset yaw period is greater than the absolute value
  • the mean threshold determines that the target's preset yaw period is an abnormal yaw period; and/or, in response to the target's preset yaw period in the front and rear or left and right directions, the interval between two adjacent zero-crossing points is longer than the second duration threshold, determines The target preset yaw period is the abnormal yaw period; and/or, in response to the fact that the number of acceleration zero crossings within
  • the processing device can determine whether the x or y absolute mean value of the preset yaw period Td time statistics is > the absolute mean mean threshold h, and if it is greater than the The preset yaw period is the abnormal yaw period. If not, it is determined that the duration of two adjacent zero-crossing points of acceleration x or y in Td time is longer than the second duration threshold Tc or only one zero-crossing point is detected or not detected. Zero crossing point or no zero crossing point is detected. If so, it is judged as an abnormal yaw period.
  • the processing equipment can increase the yaw brake system wear or pollution risk frequency by 1, in response to the cumulative yaw duration being greater than Te, and the yaw brake system wear or pollution risk frequency/(Te/Td) >i), indicating that among the multiple preset yaw periods within the Te period, many of the preset yaw periods have experienced abnormalities.
  • the processing equipment can output a high-risk warning for yaw brake system wear or pollution. After the warning is completed The frequency of wear or pollution risk of the yaw brake system and the accumulated yaw duration are cleared.
  • the wind turbine control method provided by the embodiments of this application can self-diagnose the root cause of vibration during the yaw process, and the processing equipment can provide early warning based on the diagnosis results, or perform adaptive control to reduce power generation losses and increase profits. Improve operation and maintenance efficiency.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a control device for a wind turbine. See Figure 8 .
  • Figure 8 shows a control device of a wind turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 800 includes a first acquisition unit 801, a first determination unit 802, a second determination unit 803, a third determination unit 804 and a control unit 805:
  • the first acquisition unit 801 is used to acquire the acceleration parameters corresponding to the target wind turbine in real time;
  • the first determination unit 802 is configured to determine whether the target wind turbine meets wind conditions in response to the target wind turbine being in a yaw state and the effective acceleration value corresponding to the acceleration parameter exceeding the vibration over-limit threshold. Factor judgment conditions;
  • the second determination unit 803 is configured to determine that the effective acceleration value of the target wind turbine exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold due to the wind condition factor if the target wind turbine meets the wind condition factor determination condition. ;
  • the third determination unit 804 is used to determine that if the target wind turbine does not meet the wind condition factor determination condition, the effective value of the acceleration of the target wind turbine exceeds the yaw brake disc system factor. Vibration exceedance threshold;
  • the control unit 805 is configured to control the operating state of the target wind turbine in response to the factor that the acceleration effective value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold being a wind condition factor or a yaw brake disc system factor.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the maximum absolute value of acceleration corresponding to the first preset period before the target time of the target wind turbine is greater than the instantaneous acceleration threshold, and the device further includes a third Four determined units:
  • the fourth determination unit is used to determine the maximum absolute value of acceleration corresponding to the first preset period before the target generator target time, where the target time is the time when the effective acceleration value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the maximum absolute value of the acceleration change rate of the vibration dominant direction of the target wind turbine corresponding to the second preset period before the target time is greater than the first change rate.
  • the threshold value, or the absolute mean value of the acceleration change rate of the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the target wind turbine in the third preset period before the target time is greater than the second change rate threshold, and the third preset period is smaller than the second preset period.
  • the device further includes a fifth determining unit:
  • the fifth determination unit is used to determine the absolute value of the acceleration change rate of the vibration dominant direction of the target generator corresponding to the second preset period before the target time, and determine the absolute value of the acceleration change rate of the target wind turbine in the third preset period before the target time.
  • the absolute average value of the acceleration change rate in the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the preset period, and the target time is the time when the effective value of acceleration exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the average effective value of acceleration corresponding to the fourth preset period before the target time of the target wind turbine is less than the average effective value threshold, and the device further includes a third Six determined units:
  • the sixth determination unit is used to determine the mean acceleration effective value of the target wind turbine corresponding to the fourth preset period before the target time, and the target time is the time when the acceleration effective value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the target duration corresponding to the target wind turbine is greater than the first duration threshold, and the device further includes a seventh determination unit:
  • the seventh determination unit is used to determine the target duration corresponding to the target wind turbine.
  • the target duration is the duration between the last zero-crossing moment of the acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration before the target moment and the target moment, so
  • the target time is the time when the effective acceleration value exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold, and the first duration threshold is determined based on the first-order frequency and rotation frequency of the tower corresponding to the target wind turbine.
  • the wind condition factor determination condition includes that the dominant frequency of acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the target wind turbine is less than a frequency threshold, and the device further includes an eighth determination unit:
  • the eighth determination unit is used to determine the dominant frequency of acceleration in the dominant direction of vibration corresponding to the target wind turbine.
  • control unit 805 is specifically used to:
  • the target wind turbine In response to the effective acceleration value of the target wind turbine exceeding the vibration over-limit threshold due to the yaw brake disc system factor, the target wind turbine is shut down.
  • the device further includes a second acquisition unit, an eighth determination unit and a generation unit:
  • the second acquisition unit is used to obtain the acceleration parameters corresponding to the target wind turbine in the N preset yaw periods in units of the preset yaw period;
  • the eighth determination unit is configured to determine the abnormal yaw period among the N preset yaw periods based on the acceleration parameters corresponding to the N preset yaw periods;
  • the generating unit is configured to generate yaw warning information in response to the proportion of abnormal yaw periods in the N preset yaw periods being greater than a proportion threshold, where the yaw warning information is used to identify the target wind force. There is a risk of generator failure.
  • the N preset yaw periods include a target preset yaw period
  • the eighth determination unit is specifically configured to:
  • the target preset yaw period in response to the number of acceleration zero crossings being no more than one in the target preset period, determining the target preset yaw period to be the abnormal yaw period.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a processing device.
  • the processor included in the processing device also has the following functions:
  • the target wind turbine does not meet the wind condition factor determination condition, it is determined that the effective acceleration value of the target wind turbine exceeds the vibration over-limit threshold due to the yaw brake disc system factor;
  • the operating state of the target wind turbine is controlled.
  • the processing device also includes a memory.
  • the memory is used to store the program code and transmit the program code to the processor.
  • the processor is used to execute the control method of the wind turbine described in any one of the above embodiments according to the instructions in the program code. .
  • the units involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in software or hardware. Among them, the name of a unit does not constitute a limitation on the unit itself under certain circumstances.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a storage medium, the storage medium is used to store a computer program, and the computer program is used to execute the control method of the wind turbine provided in the above embodiments.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product including instructions that, when run on a processing device, cause the processing device to execute the wind turbine control method provided by the above embodiments.
  • the foregoing program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the execution includes: The steps of the above method embodiment; and the aforementioned storage medium can be at least one of the following media: read-only memory (English: read-only memory, abbreviation: ROM), RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk, etc., which can store The medium for program code.
  • each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.
  • Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. at.
  • the device and system embodiments are described simply because they are basically similar to the method embodiments.
  • the device and system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, in which as separate components
  • the illustrated units may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed to multiple network units.
  • Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement the method without any creative effort.

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Abstract

一种风力发电机的控制方法和相关装置，可以基于实时获取目标风力发电机对应的加速度参数，确定该目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件，该风况因素判定条件用于判断风力发电机出现偏航振动超限的原因。若该目标风力发电机满足风况因素判定条件，则可以确定该风力发电机因风况因素导致加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值；若目标风力发电机不满足风况因素判定条件，则可以确定该目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值。从而可以基于较为准确分析出的超限原因的基础上对风力发电机进行控制，避免针对由于风况因素导致的超限也进行频繁的停机操作，降低了风力发电机的启停频率，降低损耗

Description

一种风力发电机的控制方法和相关装置
本申请要求于2022年07月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210909604.2、申请名称为“一种风力发电机的控制方法和相关装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及风力发电技术领域，特别是涉及一种风力发电机的控制方法和相关装置。
背景技术
风力发电机偏航是指风力发电机的朝向发生变化的情况，在风力发电机偏航的过程中，可能会由于多种因素导致异常的振动情况，这些异常的振动情况有可能会影响风力发电机的正常运行，带来一定的危害。
因此，在相关技术中，需要对风力发电机的偏航过程进行监控和保护。目前，偏航过程机组振动超限的保护方案为，当机组处于偏航过程中且安装在机舱的加速度传感器检测的加速度有效值超过预设故障阈值后就立即故障停机。
然而，相关技术中的振动超限保护方案容易造成风力发电机的频繁停机，影响机组发电量的同时增加了机组启停机带来的疲劳载荷。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请提供了一种风力发电机的控制方法，处理设备可以基于对偏航振动的准确分析结果进行针对性的控制，在保障风力发电机稳定运行的同时降低了停机频率，提高机组的发电量，降低了启停机损耗。
本申请实施例公开了如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请实施例公开了一种风力发电机的控制方法，所述方法包括：
实时获取目标风力发电机对应的加速度参数；
响应于所述目标风力发电机处于偏航状态，且所述加速度参数对应的加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，确定所述目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件；
若所述目标风力发电机满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
若所述目标风力发电机不满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
响应于所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，控制所述目标风力发电机的运行状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值大于加速度瞬时阈值，所述方法还包括：
确定所述目标发电机目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第二预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值最大值大于第一变化率阈值，或所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第三预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值大于第二变化率阈值，所述第三预设时段小于所述第二预设时段，所述方法还包括：
确定所述目标发电机在目标时刻前第二预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值，以及确定所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第三预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第四预设时段对应的加速度有效值均值小于有效值均值阈值，所述方法还包括：
确定所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第四预设时段对应的加速度有效值均值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机对应的目标时长大于第一时长阈值，所述方法还包括：
确定所述目标风力发电机对应的目标时长，所述目标时长为在目标时刻前振动主导方向加速度最后一次过零点时刻到所述目标时刻之间的时长，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻，所述第一时长阈值是基于所述目标风力发电机对应的塔架一阶频率和转频确定的。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率小于频率阈值，所述方法还包括：
确定所述目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述响应于所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，控制所述目标风力发电机的运行状态包括：
响应于所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值，将所述目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数加1；
响应于目标时段内所述目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数达到预设阈值，对所述目标风力发电机进行降载控制；
响应于所述目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值，对所述目标风力发电机进行停机处理。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：
以预设偏航时段为单位，获取所述目标风力发电机在N个所述预设偏航时段中分别对应的加速度参数，所述N为正整数；
基于所述N个预设偏航时段分别对应的加速度参数，确定所述N个预设偏航时段中的异常偏航时段；
响应于所述N个预设偏航时段中异常偏航时段的占比大于占比阈值，生成偏航告警信息，所述偏航告警信息用于标识所述目标风力发电机存在故障风险。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述N个预设偏航时段中包括目标预设偏航时段，所述基于所述N个预设偏航时段分别对应的加速度参数，确定所述N个预设偏航时段中的异常偏航时段，包括：
响应于所述目标预设偏航时段对应的加速度绝对值均值大于绝对值均值阈值，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段；
和/或，响应于所述目标预设偏航时段内前后方向或左右方向加速度两次相邻过零点间隔时长大于第二时长阈值，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段；
和/或，响应于所述目标预设时段内加速度过零点次数不超过1次，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段。
第二方面，本申请实施例公开了一种风力发电机的控制装置，所述装置包括第一获取单元、第一确定单元、第二确定单元、第三确定单元和控制单元：
所述第一获取单元，用于实时获取目标风力发电机对应的加速度参数；
所述第一确定单元，用于响应于所述目标风力发电机处于偏航状态，且所述加速度参数对应的加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，确定所述目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件；
所述第二确定单元，用于若所述目标风力发电机满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
所述第三确定单元，用于若所述目标风力发电机不满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
所述控制单元，用于响应于所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，控制所述目标风力发电机的运行状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发 电机在目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值大于加速度瞬时阈值，所述装置还包括第四确定单元：
所述第四确定单元，用于确定所述目标发电机目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第二预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值最大值大于第一变化率阈值，或所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第三预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值大于第二变化率阈值，所述第三预设时段小于所述第二预设时段，所述装置还包括第五确定单元：
所述第五确定单元，用于确定所述目标发电机在目标时刻前第二预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值，以及确定所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第三预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第四预设时段对应的加速度有效值均值小于有效值均值阈值，所述装置还包括第六确定单元：
所述第六确定单元，用于确定所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第四预设时段对应的加速度有效值均值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机对应的目标时长大于第一时长阈值，所述装置还包括第七确定单元：
所述第七确定单元，用于确定所述目标风力发电机对应的目标时长，所述目标时长为在目标时刻前振动主导方向加速度最后一次过零点时刻到所述目标时刻之间的时长，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻，所述第一时长阈值是基于所述目标风力发电机对应的塔架一阶频率和转频确定的。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率小于频率阈值，所述装置还包括第八确定单元：
所述第八确定单元，用于确定所述目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元具体用于：
响应于所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值，将所述目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数加1；
响应于目标时段内所述目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数达到预设阈值，对所述目标风力发电机进行降载控制；
响应于所述目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值，对所述目标风力发电机进行停机处理。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括第二获取单元、第八确定单元和生成单元：
所述第二获取单元，用于以预设偏航时段为单位，获取所述目标风力发电机在N个所述预设偏航时段中分别对应的加速度参数；
所述第八确定单元，用于基于所述N个预设偏航时段分别对应的加速度参数，确定所述N个预设偏航时段中的异常偏航时段；
所述生成单元，用于响应于所述N个预设偏航时段中异常偏航时段的占比大于占比阈值，生成偏航告警信息，所述偏航告警信息用于标识所述目标风力发电机存在故障风险。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述N个预设偏航时段中包括目标预设偏航时段，所述第八确定单元具体用于：
响应于所述目标预设偏航时段对应的加速度绝对值均值大于绝对值均值阈值，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段；
和/或，响应于所述目标预设偏航时段内前后方向或左右方向加速度两次相邻过零点间隔时长大于第二时长阈值，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段；
和/或，响应于所述目标预设时段内加速度过零点次数不超过1次，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段。
第三方面，本申请实施例公开了一种处理设备，所述处理设备包括处理器以及存储器：
所述存储器用于存储程序代码，并将所述程序代码传输给所述处理器；
所述处理器用于根据所述程序代码中的指令执行第一方面中任意一项所述的风力发电机的控制方法。
第四方面，本申请实施例公开了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行第一方面中任意一项所述的风力发电机的控制方法。
第五方面，本申请实施例公开了一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，当其在处理设备上运行时，使得所述处理设备执行第一方面中任意一项所述的风力发电机的控制方法。
由上述技术方案可以看出，本申请提供了一种风力发电机的控制方法，在实时获取目标风力发电机对应的加速度参数，响应于目标风力发电机处于偏航状态，且该加速度参数对应的加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，可以确定该目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件，该风况因素判定条件用于判断风力发电机出现偏航振动超限的原因。若该目标风力发电机满足风况因素判定条件，则可以确定该风力发电机因风况因素导致加速度有效值超过振 动超限阈值；若目标风力发电机不满足风况因素判定条件，则可以确定该目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值。响应于所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，可以控制该目标发电机的运行状态，从而可以基于较为准确分析出的超限原因的基础上对风力发电机进行控制，避免针对由于风况因素导致的超限也进行频繁的停机操作，降低了风力发电机的启停频率，从而提高了风力发电机的发电量，降低了因风力发电机启停机带来的损耗。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机的控制方法的流程图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机的控制方法的示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机的控制方法的示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机的控制方法的示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机的控制方法的示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种实际应用场景中风力发电机的控制方法的示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种实际应用场景中风力发电机的控制方法的示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机的控制装置的结构框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本申请的实施例进行描述。
造成偏航过程振动的因素主要有复杂风况因素、偏航刹车盘过度磨损或污染两种。当前的偏航过程中振动保护策略没有对导致振动的因素进一步区分，因此机组无法根据问题根因实行自适应控制。无法在偏航刹车盘过度磨损或污染不严重时(即未导致振动超限故障停机前)发出预警，指导运维人员制定小风天气运维计划，也无法对复杂风况因素导致的振动超限进行识别进而执行故障穿越和短时降载控制。偏航过程振动超限时直接进行故障停机，既影响机组发电量又增加机组启停机带来的疲劳载荷。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供了一种风力发电机的控制方法，处理设备可以基于对偏航振动的准确分析结果进行针对性的控制，在保障风力发电机稳定运行的同时降低了停机频率，提高机组的发电量，降低了启停机损耗。
可以理解的是，该方法可以应用于处理设备上，该处理设备为能够进行 风力发电机控制的处理设备，在一个示例中，上述处理设备可以为具有风力发电机控制功能的终端设备或服务器。该方法可以通过终端设备或服务器独立执行，也可以应用于终端设备和服务器通信的网络场景，通过终端设备和服务器配合执行。其中，终端设备可以为台式计算机、笔记本等设备。服务器可以理解为是应用服务器，也可以为Web服务器，在实际部署时，该服务器可以为独立服务器，也可以为集群服务器，还可以是云平台。在另一个示例中，上述处理设备可以是风力发电机的控制器，该控制器可以基于计算机程序来执行下述任意一个实施例中所述的风力发电机的控制方法。
接下来，将结合附图，对本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机的控制方法进行介绍。
参见图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机的控制方法的流程图，该方法包括：
S101：实时获取目标风力发电机对应的加速度参数。
该目标风力发电机可以为任意一台需要进行控制的风力发电机，该加速度参数用于体现目标风力发电机的振动情况，其中，加速度参数可以包括目标风力发电机前后方向的加速度x和左右方向的加速度y。可选地，上述加速度参数可以通过加速度传感器获取。
S102：响应于目标风力发电机处于偏航状态，且加速度参数对应的加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，确定目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件。
为了实现对目标风力发电机的合理控制，处理设备需要准确分析目标风力发电机在偏航状态下发生振动超限的原因进行准确分析。处理设备可以实时检测目标风力发电机是否处于偏航状态，并预设一个振动超限阈值，该振动超限阈值用于判断目标风力发电机是否出现异常的振动情况。
响应于目标风力发电机处于偏航状态，且加速度参数对应的加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，处理设备可以判定该目标风力发电机处于偏航振动超限状态，此时处理设备可以确定该目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件，该风况因素判定条件用于判断偏航振动超限是否是由于风况因素导致的，风况因素是指环境中的风力因素，由于短时间内的风力过大等原因可能会导致风力发电机在某一方向上振动过大从而超限。其中，该加速度有效值可以是前后方向和左右方向合成的加速度值，合成公式为：
A为加速度有效值。
S103：若目标风力发电机满足风况因素判定条件，确定目标风力发电机因风况因素导致加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值。
S104：若目标风力发电机不满足风况因素判定条件，确定目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值。
S105：响应于加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，控制目标风力发电机的运行状态。
处理设备可以基于上述步骤中所确定出的导致振动超限的因素，有针对性的对目标风力发电机进行控制，从而可以避免针对任何振动超限因素都进行停机处理，降低启停机损耗。
具体的，响应于所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，处理设备可以针对该目标风力发电机进行故障穿越，即处理设备可以将目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数加1，然后统计目标时段内目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数。响应于目标时段内目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数达到预设阈值，则说明当前目标风力发电机处于异常的风况中，处理设备可以对目标风力发电机进行降载控制，保障风力发电机的运行安全。
响应于目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，处理设备可以对目标风力发电机进行停机处理，以避免目标风力发电机造成更加严重的设备故障。
由上述技术方案可以看出，本申请提供了一种风力发电机的控制方法，在实时获取目标风力发电机对应的加速度参数，响应于目标风力发电机处于偏航状态，且该加速度参数对应的加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，可以确定该目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件，该风况因素判定条件用于判断风力发电机出现偏航振动超限的原因。若该目标风力发电机满足风况因素判定条件，则可以确定该风力发电机因风况因素导致加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值；若目标风力发电机不满足风况因素判定条件，则可以确定该目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值。响应于所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，可以控制该目标发电机的运行状态，从而可以基于较为准确分析出的超限原因的基础上对风力发电机进行控制，避免针对由于风况因素导致的超限也进行频繁的停机操作，降低了风力发电机的启停频率，从而提高了风力发电机的发电量，降低了因风力发电机启停机带来的损耗。
具体的，在设定风况因素判定条件时，处理设备可以先对两种引起偏航振动超限的因素所对应的数据特点进行分析。
如附图2～附图5所示。示意图标题中k代表左侧信号线，b代表右侧信号线，power代表机组功率，yawposition代表偏航位置，accx代表前后方向加速度，accy代表左右方向加速度，fftaccx代表前后方向加速度频谱，fftaccy代表左右方向加速度频谱，横坐标轴0代表振动超限时刻，横坐标轴大于0代表振动超限前时刻。
图2所示特征为偏航过程中复杂风况导致的机组转频振动，非偏航刹车系统磨损或污染导致，可以看出振动超限前accx幅值大于accy幅值。复杂风 况导致的振动，振动主导方向的振动频率主要为3倍转频或者塔架一阶频率均小于1.2Hz，且加速度曲线相对光滑。
图3为一种典型的偏航刹车系统磨损或污染导致的振动超限特征，可以看出振动主导方向为accy，振动超限前accy凸起严重，且曲线极不光滑，相应的accy变化率绝对值较复杂风况导致的振动超限更大。
图4是另外一种偏航刹车系统磨损或污染导致的振动超限特征，可以看出accx或accy瞬时值会比较大，这也是一种诊断特征。
图5也是一种偏航刹车系统磨损或污染导致的振动超限特征，可以看出振动主导方向为左右方向，即accy。accy信号的正常周期为t1，t2相当于0.5个周期，由此可以看出加速度过零点的时间延长了，即相当于周期变长，使用这种方法也是判断偏航刹车系统磨损或污染导致的振动超限的一种方法。
基于此，处理设备可以通过如下多种方式进行条件判断。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该风况因素判定条件包括目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值大于加速度瞬时阈值，处理设备可以确定目标发电机目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值，目标时刻为加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。其中，加速度绝对值最大值为左右或前后方向的加速度最大值，第一预设时段可以参考30s～90s范围，加速度瞬时阈值的取值应当大于振动超限阈值。即，若目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值大于加速度瞬时阈值，则可以确定因素为风况因素，若目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值不大于加速度瞬时阈值，则可以确定因素为偏航刹车盘系统因素。
在一种可能的实现方式中，风况因素判定条件包括目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第二预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值最大值大于第一变化率阈值，或目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第三预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值大于第二变化率阈值，第三预设时段小于第二预设时段。
处理设备可以确定目标发电机在目标时刻前第二预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值，以及确定目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第三预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值，目标时刻为加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。其中，振动主导频率为对加速度信号进行快速傅里叶变换，得到频谱，频谱幅值最大点对应的频率值即为振动主导频率。
振动主导方向为特定时间段内，如前后方向加速度波峰或波谷值得绝对值最大值大于左右方向加速度波峰或波谷的绝对值最大值，则判断振动主导方向为前后方向，反之则判断振动主导方向为左右方向。
加速度变化率为(期检测的accx-上周期检测到的accx)/检测周期，检 测周期的单位为时间单位(秒)；accy变化率同理。
其中，第二预设时段可以设定为30s～90s，第一变化率阈值为常数，可以取值为4，第三预设时段可以参考10s～60s范围，第二变化率阈值为常数，取值需要大于0.3。
在一种可能的实现方式中，风况因素判定条件包括目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第四预设时段对应的加速度有效值均值小于有效值均值阈值，在判定之前，处理设备可以确定目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第四预设时段对应的加速度有效值均值，目标时刻为加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。其中，第四预设时段可以设定为10s～60s范围，有效值均值阈值可以取值为0.02。
在一种可能的实现方式中，风况因素判定条件包括目标风力发电机对应的目标时长大于第一时长阈值，在判定之前，处理设备可以确定目标风力发电机对应的目标时长，目标时长为在目标时刻前振动主导方向加速度最后一次过零点时刻到目标时刻之间的时长，目标时刻为加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻，第一时长阈值是基于目标风力发电机对应的塔架一阶频率和转频确定的。其中，过零点时刻是指目标风力发电机的加速度方向发生反向变化的时刻。塔架一阶频率是指塔架一阶固有模态频率，范围在0.1Hz-0.3Hz之间。机组转频是指机组转速/60*n，当n＝1时为1倍转频，机组转频振动主要是1倍转频，3倍转频，6倍转频，频率范围为0.08Hz-1.2Hz之间。
在一种可能的实现方式中，风况因素判定条件包括目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率小于频率阈值。在进行因素判定之前，处理设备可以先确定目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率。若目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率小于频率阈值，则可以判定因素为风况因素，否则为偏航刹车盘系统因素。其中，频率阈值为常数，取值范围需大于转频范围。
可以理解的是，基于不同的控制精确度需求，上述多个判定条件可以单独使用，也可以组合使用。例如，在一种实际应用场景中，参见图6，处理设备可以先判断风力发电机是否处于加速度有效值>振动超限阈值a，且机组处于偏航过程中，则处理设备可以风力发电机处于偏航振动超限状态，然后处理设备可以判断加速度超限前第一预设时段Ta时间统计的加速度x或y绝对值最大值是否>加速度瞬时阈值b，加速度超限前Ta时间统计的震动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值是否>第一变化率阈值c或加速度超限前第三预设时段Tb时间统计的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值是否>第二变化率阈值d，以及加速度超限前Tb时间内加速度有效值均值是否<有效值均值阈值e，振动超限前，振动主导方向加速度最后1次过零点时刻到振动超限时刻时间是否>第一时长阈值Tc，振动主导方向加速度主导频率是否<频率阈值g，若以上条件均满足，则确定因素为风况因素，处理设备可以进行一定 频次内的故障穿越，限功率降载控制；若以上条件有任意一条未满足，则判定因素为偏航刹车盘系统磨损或污染，处理设备可以进行偏航过程中机舱加速度超限故障保护停机。
此外，在一种可能的实现方式中，处理设备还可以在未出现偏航超限前提前预警。处理设备可以以预设偏航时段为单位，获取目标风力发电机在N个预设偏航时段中分别对应的加速度参数，然后基于N个预设偏航时段分别对应的加速度参数，确定N个预设偏航时段中的异常偏航时段，异常偏航时段是指加速度参数较为异常的偏航时段。
响应于N个预设偏航时段中异常偏航时段的占比大于占比阈值，说明该目标风力发电机在较长时间中都处于加速度参数较为异常的状态。此时，虽然加速度参数并不满足超限故障阈值，处理设备仍然可以生成偏航告警信息，偏航告警信息用于标识目标风力发电机存在故障风险。
具体的，在一种可能的实现方式中，N个预设偏航时段中包括目标预设偏航时段，针对该目标预设偏航时段，在分析是否为异常偏航时段时，处理设备可以基于目标预设偏航时段对应的加速度参数，判断该目标预设偏航时段对应的加速度绝对值均值是否大于绝对值均值阈值，响应于目标预设偏航时段对应的加速度绝对值均值大于绝对值均值阈值，确定目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段；和/或，响应于目标预设偏航时段内前后方向或左右方向加速度两次相邻过零点间隔时长大于第二时长阈值，确定目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段；和/或，响应于目标预设时段内加速度过零点次数不超过1次，确定目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段。
参见图7，响应于机组处于偏航过程中且机组处于发电状态，处理设备可以判断预设偏航时段Td时间统计的x或y绝对值均值是否>绝对值均值阈值h，若大于则判定该预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段，若否，则判断Td时间统计到加速度x或y两次相邻过零点持续时长大于第二时长阈值Tc或仅检测到1次过零点或未检测到过零点或未检测到过零点，若是，则判断为异常偏航时段。每次判断出异常偏航时段，处理设备可以将偏航刹车系统磨损或污染风险频次+1，响应于累计偏航时长大于Te，且偏航刹车系统磨损或污染风险频次/(Te/Td)>i)，说明在Te时段内的多个预设偏航时段中，有较多预设偏航时段都出现了异常，处理设备可以输出偏航刹车系统磨损或污染高风险预警，预警完毕后偏航刹车系统磨损或污染风险频次和累计偏航时长清零。
此时，维护人员可以待小风天气(不损失发电量)及时维护，避免严重磨损了直接停机，损失电量；如果磨损严重，则只能故障停机。
另外，本申实施例提供的风力发电机的控制方法，可以对偏航过程振动根因进行自行诊断，处理设备可以依据诊断结果提前预警，或者进行自适应控制，减少发电量损失，提高收益，提升运维效率。
基于上述实施例提供的一种风力发电机的控制方法，本申请实施例还提供了一种风力发电机的控制装置，参见图8，图8为本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机的控制装置800的结构框图，所述装置800包括第一获取单元801、第一确定单元802、第二确定单元803、第三确定单元804和控制单元805：
所述第一获取单元801，用于实时获取目标风力发电机对应的加速度参数；
所述第一确定单元802，用于响应于所述目标风力发电机处于偏航状态，且所述加速度参数对应的加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，确定所述目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件；
所述第二确定单元803，用于若所述目标风力发电机满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
所述第三确定单元804，用于若所述目标风力发电机不满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
所述控制单元805，用于响应于所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，控制所述目标风力发电机的运行状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值大于加速度瞬时阈值，所述装置还包括第四确定单元：
所述第四确定单元，用于确定所述目标发电机目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第二预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值最大值大于第一变化率阈值，或所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第三预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值大于第二变化率阈值，所述第三预设时段小于所述第二预设时段，所述装置还包括第五确定单元：
所述第五确定单元，用于确定所述目标发电机在目标时刻前第二预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值，以及确定所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第三预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第四预设时段对应的加速度有效值均值小于有效值均值阈值，所述装置还包括第六确定单元：
所述第六确定单元，用于确定所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第四预设时段对应的加速度有效值均值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机对应的目标时长大于第一时长阈值，所述装置还包括第七确定单元：
所述第七确定单元，用于确定所述目标风力发电机对应的目标时长，所述目标时长为在目标时刻前振动主导方向加速度最后一次过零点时刻到所述目标时刻之间的时长，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻，所述第一时长阈值是基于所述目标风力发电机对应的塔架一阶频率和转频确定的。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率小于频率阈值，所述装置还包括第八确定单元：
所述第八确定单元，用于确定所述目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元805具体用于：
响应于所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值，将所述目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数加1；
响应于目标时段内所述目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数达到预设阈值，对所述目标风力发电机进行降载控制；
响应于所述目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值，对所述目标风力发电机进行停机处理。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括第二获取单元、第八确定单元和生成单元：
所述第二获取单元，用于以预设偏航时段为单位，获取所述目标风力发电机在N个所述预设偏航时段中分别对应的加速度参数；
所述第八确定单元，用于基于所述N个预设偏航时段分别对应的加速度参数，确定所述N个预设偏航时段中的异常偏航时段；
所述生成单元，用于响应于所述N个预设偏航时段中异常偏航时段的占比大于占比阈值，生成偏航告警信息，所述偏航告警信息用于标识所述目标风力发电机存在故障风险。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述N个预设偏航时段中包括目标预设偏航时段，所述第八确定单元具体用于：
响应于所述目标预设偏航时段对应的加速度绝对值均值大于绝对值均值阈值，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段；
和/或，响应于所述目标预设偏航时段内前后方向或左右方向加速度两次相邻过零点间隔时长大于第二时长阈值，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常 偏航时段；
和/或，响应于所述目标预设时段内加速度过零点次数不超过1次，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段。
本申请实施例还提供了一种处理设备，该处理设备恩所包括的处理器还具有以下功能：
实时获取目标风力发电机对应的加速度参数；
响应于所述目标风力发电机处于偏航状态，且所述加速度参数对应的加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，确定所述目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件；
若所述目标风力发电机满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
若所述目标风力发电机不满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
响应于所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，控制所述目标风力发电机的运行状态。
该处理设备还包括存储器，存储器用于存储程序代码，并将程序代码传输给处理器，该处理器用于根据程序代码中的指令执行上述实施例中任意一项所述的风力发电机的控制方法。
描述于本公开实施例中所涉及到的单元可以通过软件的方式实现，也可以通过硬件的方式来实现。其中，单元的名称在某种情况下并不构成对该单元本身的限定。
另外，本申请实施例还提供了一种存储介质，所述存储介质用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行上述实施例提供的风力发电机的控制方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，当其在处理设备上运行时，使得处理设备执行上述实施例提供的风力发电机的控制方法。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质可以是下述介质中的至少一种：只读存储器(英文：read-only memory，缩写：ROM)、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
需要说明的是，本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。尤其，对于设备及系统实施例而言，由于其基本相似于方法实施例，所以描述得比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。以上所描述的设备及系统实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中作为分离部件 说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
以上所述，仅为本申请的一种具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种风力发电机的控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    实时获取目标风力发电机对应的加速度参数；
    响应于所述目标风力发电机处于偏航状态，且所述加速度参数对应的加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，确定所述目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件；
    若所述目标风力发电机满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
    若所述目标风力发电机不满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
    响应于所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，控制所述目标风力发电机的运行状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值大于加速度瞬时阈值，所述方法还包括：
    确定所述目标发电机目标时刻前第一预设时段对应的加速度绝对值最大值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第二预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值最大值大于第一变化率阈值，或所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第三预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值大于第二变化率阈值，所述第三预设时段小于所述第二预设时段，所述方法还包括：
    确定所述目标发电机在目标时刻前第二预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值，以及确定所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第三预设时段对应的振动主导方向加速度变化率的绝对值均值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第四预设时段对应的加速度有效值均值小于有效值均值阈值，所述方法还包括：
    确定所述目标风力发电机在目标时刻前第四预设时段对应的加速度有效值均值，所述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机对应的目标时长大于第一时长阈值，所述方法还包括：
    确定所述目标风力发电机对应的目标时长，所述目标时长为在目标时刻前振动主导方向加速度最后一次过零点时刻到所述目标时刻之间的时长，所 述目标时刻为所述加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值的时刻，所述第一时长阈值是基于所述目标风力发电机对应的塔架一阶频率和转频确定的。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述风况因素判定条件包括所述目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率小于频率阈值，所述方法还包括：
    确定所述目标风力发电机对应的振动主导方向加速度主导频率。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述响应于所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，控制所述目标风力发电机的运行状态包括：
    响应于所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值，将所述目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数加1；
    响应于目标时段内所述目标风力发电机对应的风况异常次数达到预设阈值，对所述目标风力发电机进行降载控制；
    响应于所述目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值，对所述目标风力发电机进行停机处理。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    以预设偏航时段为单位，获取所述目标风力发电机在N个所述预设偏航时段中分别对应的加速度参数，所述N为正整数；
    基于所述N个预设偏航时段分别对应的加速度参数，确定所述N个预设偏航时段中的异常偏航时段；
    响应于所述N个预设偏航时段中异常偏航时段的占比大于占比阈值，生成偏航告警信息，所述偏航告警信息用于标识所述目标风力发电机存在故障风险。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述N个预设偏航时段中包括目标预设偏航时段，所述基于所述N个预设偏航时段分别对应的加速度参数，确定所述N个预设偏航时段中的异常偏航时段，包括：
    响应于所述目标预设偏航时段对应的加速度绝对值均值大于绝对值均值阈值，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段；
    和/或，响应于所述目标预设偏航时段内前后方向或左右方向加速度两次相邻过零点间隔时长大于第二时长阈值，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段；
    和/或，响应于所述目标预设时段内加速度过零点次数不超过1次，确定所述目标预设偏航时段为异常偏航时段。
  10. 一种风力发电机的控制装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括第一获取单元、第一确定单元、第二确定单元、第三确定单元和控制单元：
    所述第一获取单元，用于实时获取目标风力发电机对应的加速度参数；
    所述第一确定单元，用于响应于所述目标风力发电机处于偏航状态，且 所述加速度参数对应的加速度有效值超过振动超限阈值，确定所述目标风力发电机是否满足风况因素判定条件；
    所述第二确定单元，用于若所述目标风力发电机满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因风况因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
    所述第三确定单元，用于若所述目标风力发电机不满足所述风况因素判定条件，确定所述目标风力发电机因偏航刹车盘系统因素导致所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值；
    所述控制单元，用于响应于所述加速度有效值超过所述振动超限阈值的因素为风况因素或偏航刹车盘系统因素，控制所述目标风力发电机的运行状态。
  11. 一种处理设备，其特征在于，所述处理设备包括处理器以及存储器：
    所述存储器用于存储程序代码，并将所述程序代码传输给所述处理器；
    所述处理器用于根据所述程序代码中的指令执行权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的风力发电机的控制方法。
  12. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的风力发电机的控制方法。
  13. 一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，当其在处理设备上运行时，使得所述处理设备执行权利要求1-9任意一项所述的风力发电机的控制方法。
PCT/CN2023/072756 2022-07-29 2023-01-18 一种风力发电机的控制方法和相关装置 WO2024021545A1 (zh)

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