WO2024021352A1 - 一种3d打印随形烧结支撑方法及其装置 - Google Patents

一种3d打印随形烧结支撑方法及其装置 Download PDF

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WO2024021352A1
WO2024021352A1 PCT/CN2022/129059 CN2022129059W WO2024021352A1 WO 2024021352 A1 WO2024021352 A1 WO 2024021352A1 CN 2022129059 W CN2022129059 W CN 2022129059W WO 2024021352 A1 WO2024021352 A1 WO 2024021352A1
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isolation
printing
sintering
print head
area
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PCT/CN2022/129059
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English (en)
French (fr)
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钟伟
段满堂
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钟伟
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/14—Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of sintering and solidification after 3D printing, and in particular to a 3D printing conformal sintering support method and device.
  • 3D printing is a type of rapid prototyping technology, also known as additive manufacturing. It is based on digital model files and uses adhesive materials such as powdered metal or plastic to construct structures through layer-by-layer printing. technology of objects.
  • Binder injection molding technology is an additive manufacturing technology that molds powder by spraying binder.
  • a device for printing using adhesive injection molding technology includes a forming workbench 001, a feeding workbench 002, an inkjet print head 003 and a leveling roller 004.
  • the inside of the forming workbench 001 It has a lifting platform 005.
  • the forming workbench 001 and the feeding workbench 002 are both covered with alloy powder.
  • the inkjet print head 003 sprays the binder into the powder
  • the inkjet print head 003 sprays the binder into the powder.
  • the lifting platform 002 drives the powder sprayed with adhesive downward, and the leveling roller 004 pushes the alloy powder in the feeding workbench 002 to the forming workbench 001 and flattens the powder.
  • the alloy powder is bonded to the underlying alloy powder through a binder.
  • the inkjet print head 003 continues to spray the binder on the alloy powder, so that the alloy powder is bonded layer by layer.
  • Some special-shaped parts need to be printed with some complex structural ribs to ensure the strength of the part.
  • binder injection molding technology is used for such special-shaped parts, a support needs to be made according to the shape of the part, and the ribs of the part are processed. Support, ceramic blocks are often used as supports in related technologies.
  • the inventor believes that the accuracy of the ceramic block affects the printing accuracy of the parts.
  • the processing of the ceramic block is difficult and the processing cycle is long.
  • the ceramic block is processed by a sintering process. After the ceramic block is cooled, the ceramic block will shrink and deform, causing the size of the ceramic block to change and the accuracy to deteriorate, thus affecting the matching accuracy of the parts and the printing accuracy of the parts.
  • this application provides a 3D printing conformal sintering support method and device.
  • This application provides a 3D printing conformal sintering support method and device, which adopts the following technical solution:
  • a 3D printing conformal sintering support method includes the following steps:
  • S1 Make a three-dimensional model according to the part, input the three-dimensional model into the 3D printing device, determine the moving path of the isolation print head (1) and the inkjet print head (003) according to the three-dimensional model, and print the parts in the molding workbench (001) Parts are divided into printing areas, and the parts in the forming workbench (001) that need to be supported are divided into support areas, and an isolation area is formed between the support area and the printing area;
  • the lifting platform drives the powder in the forming workbench (001) to drop, and the leveling roller (004) pushes the alloy powder in the feeding workbench (002) to the forming workbench (001).
  • the upper layer powder and the lower layer powder pass through the adhesive
  • the binder achieves adhesion
  • the isolation print head (1) sprays the isolation film toward the isolation area above the alloy powder;
  • S6 The inkjet print head (003) sprays adhesive toward the printing area and support area;
  • the inkjet print head sprays adhesive onto the alloy powder in the printing area to bond the metal powder layer by layer.
  • the isolation print head faces the support The isolation film is sprayed in the area.
  • the isolation film is located on the upper and lower sides of the support structure so that the support structure will not adhere to the printed parts, which facilitates the subsequent separation of the support structure and the parts.
  • the support structure supports the parts that need to be supported, because the support structure is in Printed during the part printing process, it is easy to control the size of the isolation layer, which can improve the matching accuracy of the support structure and the part, and can improve the printing accuracy of the part.
  • the isolation film in S5 includes a mutually mixed adhesive and an isolation material with high resistance to sintering and adhesion.
  • the adhesive bonds the isolation material, making it easier for the isolation layer to be sprayed in the isolation area.
  • the isolation material with high anti-sintering and adhesion resistance can ensure the isolation effect of the isolation film, making it difficult for parts to adhere to the support structure. Easy to separate.
  • the isolation film in S5 includes an isolation material with high resistance to sintering and adhesion.
  • the isolation material with high resistance to sintering and adhesion can ensure the isolation effect of the isolation film.
  • the isolation material is ceramic powder or refractory metal powder.
  • the strength of the ceramic powder and the refractory metal powder is higher, the strength of the formed support structure is higher, which can meet the support effect for the parts, and the melting point of the ceramic powder and the refractory metal powder is higher ,
  • the structure is stable and is not prone to thermal deformation, making ceramic powder and refractory metal powder less likely to adhere to the surface of the part.
  • the refractory metal powder is one or more of tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium.
  • tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium all have the characteristics of high melting point and high strength, making the formed support structure less likely to undergo thermal deformation, less likely to adhere to parts, and with better isolation effect; it also makes the size of the support structure more stable. , can also meet sufficient structural strength.
  • the isolation print head mixes adhesive and ceramic powder into a paste-like isolation film and sprays it on the isolation area;
  • the isolation print head mixes adhesive and refractory metal powder into a paste-like isolation film and sprays it on the isolation area.
  • the pre-configured paste isolation film is easily attached to the support area.
  • the isolation print head sprays ceramic powder into the isolation area to form a powdery isolation film, and the inkjet print head sprays adhesive toward the surface of the powdery isolation film close to the support area;
  • the isolation print head sprays refractory metal powder into the isolation area to form a powdery isolation film, and the inkjet print head sprays adhesive toward the surface of the powdery isolation film close to the support area.
  • the powdery isolation film separates the parts and the support structure, and the adhesive makes the powdery isolation film adhere to the support structure, reducing the possibility of the powdery isolation film detaching during the isolation process and ensuring isolation. Effect.
  • the isolation material is ceramic powder or refractory metal powder of sub-micron level, micron level, tens of micron level or hundreds of micron level.
  • small particle powder materials of sub-micron level, micron level, tens of micron level or hundreds of micron level can be easily bonded and fixed.
  • sub-micron level, micron level or tens of micron level or hundreds of micron level powder The surface smoothness of the isolation film formed after bonding is relatively high, and the contact part between the support structure and the part is relatively smooth, which can improve the smoothness of the surface of the printed part and improve the printing accuracy of the part.
  • the printed parts are sintered to form high-density parts.
  • the support structure supports the incompletely formed printed parts during the part sintering process, thereby obtaining parts with higher precision. Due to the support structure and the materials of the printed parts The same, the shrinkage rates of the two during the sintering process are consistent, which can ensure the matching effect between the support structure and the parts, thereby improving the accuracy of the parts.
  • a 3D printing conformal sintering support device includes an isolation print head that sprays an isolation film toward the forming workbench.
  • the isolation print head sprays an isolation film at the position where the part needs to be supported.
  • the isolation film prevents adhesion between the part and the support structure. After the support structure supports the part, it is easy to support. Separation of structural and supporting parts.
  • the inkjet print head sprays adhesive onto the alloy powder in the printing area to bond the metal powder layer by layer.
  • the isolation print head sprays an isolation film towards the support area.
  • the isolation film is located on the upper and lower sides of the support structure so that the support structure will not adhere to the printed parts, which facilitates the subsequent separation of the support structure and the parts.
  • the support structure supports the parts that need to be supported, because the support structure is used during the printing of parts. Printed, it is easy to control the size of the isolation layer, can improve the matching accuracy of the support structure and parts, and can improve the printing accuracy of parts;
  • the support structure and the printed parts are made of the same material, the shrinkage rates of the two during the sintering process remain consistent, which can ensure the matching effect between the support structure and the parts, thereby improving the accuracy of the parts;
  • the surface of the support structure formed by ceramic powder and metal powder is relatively smooth, which can ensure the parts
  • the parts that contact the support structure have good smoothness.
  • the support structure can not only support the parts, but also improve the printing accuracy of the parts;
  • the support structure formed has high stability and ensures that the support structure is not prone to thermal deformation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram embodying the structure of a device for printing using binder injection molding technology in the related art
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart embodying the 3D printing method in this embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a 3D printed conformal sintering support device in this embodiment.
  • the embodiments of this application disclose a 3D printing conformal sintering support method and device.
  • a 3D printing conformal sintering support method includes the following steps:
  • S1 Make a three-dimensional model based on the part, input the three-dimensional model into the 3D printing device, determine the moving paths of the isolation print head 1 and the inkjet print head 003 based on the three-dimensional model, and divide the parts within the molding workbench 001 that need to be printed into printing areas.
  • the parts of the molding workbench 001 that need to be supported are divided into support areas, and an isolation area is formed between the support area and the printing area.
  • the support area, printing area and isolation area are not specific areas.
  • the specific areas need to be divided according to the shape of the specific part.
  • the inkjet print head 003 sprays adhesive toward the printing area.
  • the adhesive sprayed by the inkjet print head 003 is a ceramic adhesive.
  • Ceramic binders are classified according to their uses into ceramic organic binders that stick to ceramic materials, ceramic inorganic binders, and ceramic metal powder binders that stick to metal materials. Ceramic adhesives have good bonding effects on different materials. However, the adhesive is not limited to ceramic adhesives, and other adhesives with better bonding effects can also be used.
  • the lifting platform drives the powder in the forming workbench 001 to drop, and the leveling roller 004 pushes the alloy powder in the feeding workbench 002 to the forming workbench 001.
  • the upper powder and the lower powder are bonded through the binder.
  • the lower layer of powder refers to the existing alloy powder in the lifting platform
  • the upper layer of powder refers to the alloy powder pushed into the forming workbench 001 by the leveling roller 004.
  • the isolation print head 1 sprays the isolation film toward the isolation area above the alloy powder in the workbench 001.
  • the inkjet print head 003 sprays adhesive toward the printing area and the support area.
  • the isolation film includes isolation materials with high structural strength and high resistance to sintering and adhesion.
  • the isolation materials are ceramic powder or refractory metal powder that do not react with the substrate of the printed part. Both ceramic powder and refractory metal powder can be formed after solidification.
  • the support structure with high structural strength can meet the support effect of printed parts.
  • the ceramic binder and ceramic powder or the ceramic binder and the refractory metal powder can be mixed into a paste in advance, and the paste-like isolation film is sprayed on the isolation area through the isolation print head 1.
  • the isolation film is more likely to adhere to the surface of the alloy powder. Since the ceramic binder and ceramic powder or ceramic binder and refractory metal powder are premixed, the strength of the formed support structure is relatively stable.
  • powdered ceramic powder or refractory metal powder can also be directly sprayed on the isolation area through the isolation print head 1, and the inkjet print head 003 sprays adhesive toward the surface of the ceramic powder or refractory metal powder close to the support area.
  • Binder is used to bond the ceramic powder or refractory metal powder-like isolation film to the supporting structure, reducing the possibility of the powdery isolation film detaching during the isolation process and ensuring the isolation effect.
  • ceramic powder or refractory metal powder can be selected from different thicknesses.
  • the ceramic powder or refractory metal powder can be sub-micron level, micron level, Powder particles in the order of tens or hundreds of microns make it easy for ceramic powder/refractory metal powder to bond with the binder. Since the powder particles of sub-micron/micron, tens of microns or hundreds of microns are smaller, the surface of the isolation film formed is smoother.
  • the support structure supports the printed part, since the contact point between the isolation film and the part is relatively smooth, the surface of the supported part of the part supported by the support structure has a higher smoothness, thereby improving the printing accuracy of the part.
  • the metal powder is selected from one or more of tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. These metals all have the characteristics of high melting point and high strength.
  • the support structure formed by this type of metal after solidification has high Due to the high melting point of this type of metal, the support structure formed is not prone to thermal deformation, which can improve the matching accuracy between the support structure and printed parts, and improve the printing accuracy of parts.
  • the printing process of the support structure and the part are the same, and the raw materials used for both are the same.
  • the hardness, melting point and other physical properties of the support mechanism and the part are consistent.
  • high-density parts can be obtained. Since parts will undergo thermal deformation during the sintering process, the support structure always maintains support for the parts during the sintering process, making the parts less likely to undergo thermal deformation, thus enabling high-precision parts to be obtained.
  • the shrinkage rates of the support structure and the parts during the sintering process are consistent, so that the support structure and the parts have a high matching accuracy during the sintering and heating process, which can ensure the accuracy of the parts.
  • the isolation film is made of high melting point material, the isolation film is not prone to thermal deformation during the heating process, ensuring the stability of the isolation. Since the shrinkage rates of the support structure and the part are similar, it is also easy to separate the part and the support structure after the part is sintered.
  • a 3D printing conformal sintering support device includes an isolation print head 1 moving above a molding workbench 001.
  • the isolation print head 1 can spray an isolation film on the surface of the alloy powder in the molding workbench 001.
  • the isolation print head 1 sprays an isolation film toward the part of the part that needs to be supported.
  • the isolation film printed by the isolation print head 1 facilitates separation of the support structure and the part.
  • the printed part has some stiffeners with a relatively complex structure, and the stiffeners are not easily attached to the part directly, a support structure is needed to support the part to ensure the printing accuracy of the part.
  • the support structure can be an integrated structure or a split structure.
  • the part structure is relatively simple, you only need to print an overall isolation structure to support the printed part.
  • the structure of the printed part is relatively complex, if an integrated support structure is used for support, the shape of the support structure will also be more complex, making the support structure difficult to print.
  • the support structure is a split structure, the printing difficulty of each support structure is reduced.
  • the printing accuracy of each support structure can be guaranteed, making the support There is good matching accuracy between the structure and the printed parts, which means that the printing accuracy of the parts can be improved.
  • the isolation print head 1 sprays isolation films toward the connection grooves between multiple support structures and parts, so that the support structures and parts are isolated.
  • the implementation principle of a 3D printing conformal sintering support device in the embodiment of this application is as follows: when printing parts, the inkjet print head 003 sprays adhesive in the forming workbench 001, and the lifting platform drives the powder on the forming workbench 001 Descending, the leveling roller 004 pushes the alloy powder in the feeding workbench 002 to the forming workbench 001. The upper layer powder and the lower layer powder are bonded through the adhesive, and the parts are printed layer by layer.
  • the isolation print head 1 sprays an isolation film at the position where the part needs to be supported, and uses the same process as printing the part to print the support structure.
  • the isolation film separates the support structure and the part. Since the support structure is printed during the part printing process, it is easy to control the size of the support structure, and can improve the matching accuracy between the support structure and the part, thereby improving the printing accuracy of the part.
  • the support structure supports the part. Reduce the possibility of thermal deformation of parts and improve the accuracy of parts. After sintering, the parts are separated from the supporting structure.

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Abstract

本申请涉及3D打印技术领域，尤其是涉及一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法及其装置，包括朝向成型工作台内喷射隔离膜的隔离打印头，在进行零件打印过程中，隔离打印头朝向合金粉末上方的支撑区域喷射隔离膜，隔离层和零件相同材料打印后组合形成目标零件在该位置所需要的支撑结构，由于支撑结构是在打印零件过程中打印的，便于控制支撑结构的最佳位置和尺寸，本申请具有提高零件打印精度的效果。

Description

一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法及其装置 技术领域
本申请涉及3D打印成形后烧结固化技术领域，尤其是涉及一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法及其装置。
背景技术
3D打印(3DP)即快速成型技术的一种，又称增材制造，它是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料，通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。
BJ(BinderJetting)又称粘结剂喷射成型技术，粘结剂喷射成型技术是一种通过喷射粘结剂使粉末成型的增材制造技术。参照图1，相关技术中，一种采用粘结剂喷射成型技术进行打印的设备，包括成型工作台001、给料工作台002、喷墨打印头003和整平辊004，成型工作台001内部具有升降台005，在对零件进行打印时，成型工作台001和给料工作台002内均铺满合金粉末，喷墨打印头003将粘结剂喷到粉末里，在喷墨打印头003喷射粘结剂的过程中，升降台002带动喷过粘结剂的粉末下移，整平辊004将给料工作台002内的合金粉末推至成型工作台001内并将粉末展平，上层的合金粉末与下层的合金粉末通过粘结剂实现粘结。喷墨打印头003继续对合金粉末喷射粘结剂，使得合金粉末进行层层粘合。
某些异形零件上需要打印一些结构复杂的加强筋，以保证零件的强度，当采用粘结剂喷射成型技术该类异形零件时，需要根据零件的形状制作支撑体，对零件的加强筋处进行支撑，相关技术中常采用陶瓷块作为支撑体。
针对上述相关技术，发明人认为陶瓷块的精度影响零件的打印精度， 陶瓷块的加工较为困难，且加工周期长。而且陶瓷块是采用烧结工艺加工而成的，陶瓷块冷却后，陶瓷块会产生收缩变形，使得陶瓷块的尺寸变化、精度变差，从而影响零件的配合精度，影响零件的打印精度。
发明内容
为了提高零件的打印精度，本申请提供一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法及其装置。
本申请提供的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法及其装置，采用如下的技术方案：
一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：根据零件制作三维模型，将三维模型输入3D打印装置，根据三维模型确定隔离打印头(1)和喷墨打印头(003)的移动路径，将成型工作台(001)内零件需要打印的部分划分为打印区域，将成型工作台(001)内零件需要支撑的部分划分为支撑区域，支撑区域和打印区域之间形成隔离区域；
S2：喷墨打印头(003)朝向打印区域喷涂粘结剂；
S3:升降台带动成型工作台(001)的粉末下降，整平辊(004)将给料工作台(002)内的合金粉末推至成型工作台(001)内，上层粉末与下层粉末通过粘结剂实现粘合；
S4：重复S2至S3，直至打印到隔离区域；
S5：隔离打印头(1)朝向合金粉末上方的隔离区域喷射隔离膜；
S6：喷墨打印头(003)朝向打印区域和支撑区域喷涂粘结剂；
S7：重复S3、S5和S6，直至支撑结构打印完成；
S8：重复S2和S3，直至零件打印完成。
通过采用上述技术方案，在打印零件的过程中，喷墨打印头通过向打印区域的合金粉末喷射粘结剂，将金属粉末逐层进行粘合，当打印到支撑区域后，隔离打印头朝向支撑区域喷射隔离膜，隔离膜位于支撑结构的上下两侧使得支撑结构不会与打印零件相粘连，便于后续支撑结构与零件的分离，支撑结构对零件需要支撑的部分进行支撑，由于支撑结构是在打印零件过程中打印的，便于控制隔离层的尺寸，能够提高支撑结构与零件的配合精度，能够提高零件的打印精度。
优选的，所述S5中的隔离膜包括互相混合的粘结剂和高防烧结粘连的隔离材料。
通过采用上述技术方案，粘结剂将隔离材料进行粘合，使得隔离层更加容易喷射于隔离区域，高防烧结粘连的隔离材料能够保证隔离膜的隔离效果，使得零件不易与支撑结构出现粘连，便于分离。
优选的，所述S5中的隔离膜包括高防烧结粘连的隔离材料。
通过采用上述技术方案，高防烧结粘连的隔离材料能够保证隔离膜的隔离效果。
优选的，所述隔离材料为陶瓷粉末或难熔金属粉末。
通过采用上述技术方案，陶瓷粉末和难熔金属粉末的强度较高，所形成支撑结构的强度具有较高的强度，能够满足对零件的支撑效果，且陶瓷粉末和难熔金属粉末的熔点较高，结构稳定，不易产生热变形，使得陶瓷粉末和难熔金属粉末不易与零件的表面产生粘连。
优选的，所述难熔金属粉末为钨、钼、钒中的一种或多种。
通过采用上述技术方案，钨、钼、钒均具有高熔点、高强度的特点， 使得形成的支撑结构不容易产生热变形，不易与零件产生粘连，隔离效果好；也使得支撑结构的尺寸较为稳定，也能够满足足够的结构强度。
优选的，所述步骤S5中，所述隔离打印头将粘结剂和陶瓷粉末混合成膏状的隔离膜喷射于隔离区域；
或者，所述隔离打印头将粘结剂和难熔金属粉末混合成膏状的隔离膜喷射于隔离区域。
通过采用上述技术方案，预先配置好的膏状隔离膜容易附着于支撑区域。
优选的，所述步骤S5中，所述隔离打印头将陶瓷粉末喷射于隔离区域，形成粉末状的隔离膜，所述喷墨打印头朝向粉末状隔离膜靠近支撑区域的表面喷涂粘结剂；
所述隔离打印头将难熔金属粉末喷射于隔离区域，形成粉末状的隔离膜，所述喷墨打印头朝向粉末状隔离膜靠近支撑区域的表面喷涂粘结剂。
通过采用上述技术方案，粉末状的隔离膜将零件和支撑结构分离，粘结剂使得粉末状的隔离膜附着于支撑结构，减少粉末状的隔离膜在隔离过程中出现脱离的可能性，保证隔离效果。
优选的，所述隔离材料为亚微米级、微米级、几十微米级或几百微米级的陶瓷粉末或难熔金属粉末。
通过采用上述技术方案，亚微米级、微米级、几十微米级或几百微米级的小颗粒粉末材料便于粘合固定，同时亚微米级、微米级或几十微米级或几百微米级粉末粘合后形成的隔离膜表面的光滑度较高，支撑结构与零件的接触部分较为光滑，从而能够提高打印零件表面的光滑度，提高了零 件的打印精度。
优选的，还包括如下步骤：
S9：将打印后的零件移动至烧结炉内进行烧结，零件烧结完成后，支撑结构与零件分离。
通过采用上述技术方案，打印零件经过烧结后形成高致密度的零件，支撑结构在零件烧结过程中对未完全成型打印零件进行支撑，从而获得精度较高的零件，由于支撑结构和打印零件的材料相同，两者在烧结过程中的收缩率保持一致，能够保证支撑结构与零件的配合效果，从而能够提高零件的精度。
一种3D打印随形烧结支撑装置，包括朝向成型工作台内喷射隔离膜的隔离打印头。
通过采用上述技术方案，在对零件进行打印时，隔离打印头对零件需要支撑的位置处喷射隔离膜，隔离膜使得零件与支撑结构之间不产生粘合，支撑结构对零件支撑后，便于支撑结构与支撑零件的分离。
综上所述，本申请包括以下至少一种有益技术效果：
1.在打印零件的过程中，喷墨打印头通过向打印区域的合金粉末喷射粘结剂，将金属粉末逐层进行粘合，当打印到支撑区域后，隔离打印头朝向支撑区域喷射隔离膜，隔离膜位于支撑结构的上下两侧使得支撑结构不会与打印零件相粘连，便于后续支撑结构与零件的分离，支撑结构对零件需要支撑的部分进行支撑，由于支撑结构是在打印零件过程中打印的，便于控制隔离层的尺寸，能够提高支撑结构与零件的配合精度，能够提高零件的打印精度；
2.由于支撑结构和打印零件的材料相同，两者在烧结过程中的收缩率保持一致，能够保证支撑结构与零件的配合效果，从而能够提高零件的精度；
3.通过选用亚微米级、微米级、几十微米级或几百微米级的陶瓷粉末或金属粉末，由于粉末颗粒较小，陶瓷粉末和金属粉末形成的支撑结构的表面较为光滑，能够保证零件接触支撑结构的部分具有较好的光滑度，支撑结构满足对零件进行支撑的同时，能够提高零件的打印精度；
4.通过选用钨、钼、钒等具有高熔点和高强度的隔离材料，使得形成的支撑结构具有较高的稳定性，同时保证支撑结构不容易产生热变形。
附图说明
图1是相关技术中体现采用粘结剂喷射成型技术进行打印的设备结构的示意图；
图2是本实施例体现3D打印方法的流程图；
图3是本实施例体现3D打印随形烧结支撑装置结构的示意图。
附图标记：001、成型工作台；002、给料工作台；003、喷墨打印头；004、整平辊；1、隔离打印头。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图2-3对本申请作进一步详细说明。
本申请实施例公开的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法及其装置。
参照图2和图3，一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：根据零件制作三维模型，将三维模型输入3D打印装置，根据三维模型确定隔离打印头1和喷墨打印头003的移动路径，将成型工作台001 内零件需要打印的部分划分为打印区域，将成型工作台001内零件需要支撑的部分划分为支撑区域，支撑区域和打印区域之间形成隔离区域。
其中的支撑区域、打印区域和隔离区域并不是特定的区域，具体区域需要根据具体零件的形状具体划分。
S2：喷墨打印头003朝向打印区域喷涂粘结剂。
在本实施例中，其中喷墨打印头003所喷涂的粘结剂选用陶瓷粘结剂。陶瓷粘结剂根据其用途分为粘黏陶瓷材料的陶瓷有机粘合剂、陶瓷无机粘合剂以及粘黏金属材料的陶瓷金属粉末粘合剂。陶瓷粘结剂针对不同的材质均具有较好的粘结效果。但粘结剂不限于陶瓷粘结剂，也可以选用其它具有较好粘合效果的粘结剂。
S3:升降台带动成型工作台001的粉末下降，整平辊004将给料工作台002内的合金粉末推至成型工作台001内，上层粉末与下层粉末通过粘结剂实现粘合。其中，下层粉末指升降台内已有的合金粉末，上层粉末指由整平辊004推至成型工作台001内的合金粉末。
S4：重复S2至S3，直至打印到隔离区域。
S5：隔离打印头1朝向工作台001内合金粉末上方的隔离区域喷射隔离膜。
S6：喷墨打印头003朝向打印区域和支撑区域喷涂粘结剂。
S7：重复S3、S5和S6，直至支撑结构打印完成。
隔离膜包括具有高结构强度和高防烧结粘连等优点的隔离材料，隔离材料选用不与打印零件基材产生反应的陶瓷粉末或者难熔金属粉末，陶瓷粉末和难熔金属粉末凝固后均能够形成结构强度较高的支撑结构，能够满 足对打印零件的支撑效果。
在喷射隔离膜时，可以预先将陶瓷粘结剂和陶瓷粉末或者陶瓷粘结剂和难熔金属粉末混合成膏状，经由隔离打印头1将膏状的隔离膜喷涂于隔离区域，膏状的隔离膜更加容易附着于合金粉末的表面。由于陶瓷粘结剂和陶瓷粉末或陶瓷粘结剂和难熔金属粉末预先混合，形成的支撑结构的强度较为稳定。
在喷射隔离膜时，也可以通过隔离打印头1将粉末状的陶瓷粉末或难熔金属粉末直接喷涂于隔离区域，喷墨打印头003朝向陶瓷粉末或难熔金属粉末靠近支撑区域的表面喷涂粘结剂，通过粘结剂实现陶瓷粉末或难熔金属粉末状的隔离膜在支撑结构上的粘合，减少粉末状的隔离膜在隔离过程中出现脱离的可能性，保证隔离效果。
在本实施例中，陶瓷粉末或熔金属粉末可以选用不同粗细程度的粉末，当零件的被支撑部分的光滑度要求较高时，陶瓷粉末或难熔金属粉末可为亚微米级、微米级、几十微米级或几百微米级的粉末颗粒，使得陶瓷粉末/难熔金属粉末均容易与粘结剂粘合。由于亚微米级/微米级、几十微米级或几百微米级的粉末颗粒较小，因此所形成的隔离膜的表面较为光滑。当支撑结构对打印零件进行支撑时，由于隔离膜与零件的接触处较为光滑，使得零件被支撑结构的支撑部分的表面具有较高的光滑度，从而能够提高零件的打印精度。
当隔离材料为难熔金属粉末时，金属粉末选用钨、钼、钒中的一种或多种，这些金属均具有高熔点和高强度的特点，该类金属凝固后所形成的支撑结构具有较高的结构强度，由于该类金属的熔点较高，所形成的支撑 结构不易产生热变形，能够提高支撑结构与打印零件的配合精度，能够提高零件的打印精度。
在对支撑机构进行打印时，支撑结构与零件的打印工艺相同，且两者选用的原料相同，支撑机构与零件的硬度、熔点等物理属性保持一致。
S8：重复S2和S3，直至零件打印完成。
S9：将打印后的零件移动至烧结炉内进行烧结，零件烧结完成后，支撑结构与零件分离。
零件经过烧结后能够获得高致密度的零件。由于零件在烧结过程中会产生热变形，支撑结构在零件烧结的过程中始终保持对零件进行支撑，使得零件不容易产生热变形，从而能够获得高精度的零件。
由于支撑结构和零件的材料相同，支撑结构和零件在烧结过程中的收缩率保持一致，使得在烧结加热过程中支撑结构与零件具有较高的配合精度，能够保证零件的精度。同时由于隔离膜为高熔点材料，隔离膜在受热过程中不易产生热变形，保证了隔离的稳定性。由于支撑结构与零件的收缩率相近，在零件烧结完成后，也便于将零件和支撑结构进行分离。
参照图3，一种3D打印随形烧结支撑装置，包括移动于成型工作台001上方的隔离打印头1。隔离打印头1能够对成型工作台001内的合金粉末的表面喷涂隔离膜。在对零件进行打印时，隔离打印头1朝向零件需要支撑的部分喷涂隔离膜，隔离打印头1打印的隔离膜便于分隔支撑结构和零件。
当打印零件上具有一些结构较为复杂的加强筋时，而加强筋不容易直接附着到零件上，需要支撑结构对零件进行支撑从而能够保证零件的打印 精度。
根据打印零件结构的不同，支撑结构可以为一体结构或者分体结构。当零件结构较为简单时，只需打印一个整体的隔离结构对打印零件进行支撑。
当打印零件的结构较为复杂时，如果采用一体支撑结构进行支撑时，支撑结构的形状也会较为复杂，支撑结构不易打印。打印多个支撑结构分别对零件的多个需要支撑的部分进行支撑，支撑结构为分体结构时，每个支撑结构的打印难度降低，同时也能够保证每个支撑结构的打印精度，能够使得支撑结构与打印零件之间具有较好的配合精度，即能够提高零件的打印精度。隔离打印头1在朝向多个支撑结构与零件的连接槽喷涂隔离膜，使得支撑结构与零件相隔离。
本申请实施例一种3D打印随形烧结支撑装置的实施原理为：在对零件进行打印时，喷墨打印头003在成型工作台001内喷涂粘结剂，升降台带动成型工作台001的粉末下降，整平辊004将给料工作台002内的合金粉末推至成型工作台001内，上层粉末与下层粉末通过粘结剂实现粘合，对零件进行逐层打印。
在打印零件过程中，隔离打印头1对零件需要支撑的位置处喷射隔离膜，采用与打印零件相同的工艺打印支撑结构，隔离膜将支撑结构和零件进行分隔。由于支撑结构是在打印零件过程中打印的，便于控制支撑结构的尺寸，能够提高支撑结构与零件的配合精度，从而提高零件的打印精度，在零件后续烧结过程中，支撑结构对零件进行支撑，减少零件产生热变形的可能性，提高了零件的精度，经过烧结后，将零件与支撑结构进行分离。
以上均为本申请的较佳实施例，并非依此限制本申请的保护范围，故：凡依本申请的结构、形状、原理所做的等效变化，均应涵盖于本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    S1：根据零件制作三维模型，将三维模型输入3D打印装置，根据三维模型确定隔离打印头(1)和喷墨打印头(003)的移动路径，将成型工作台(001)内零件需要打印的部分划分为打印区域，将成型工作台(001)内零件需要支撑的部分划分为支撑区域，支撑区域和打印区域之间形成隔离区域；
    S2：喷墨打印头(003)朝向打印区域喷涂粘结剂；
    S3:升降台带动成型工作台(001)的粉末下降，整平辊(004)将给料工作台(002)内的合金粉末推至成型工作台(001)内，上层粉末与下层粉末通过粘结剂实现粘合；
    S4：重复S2至S3，直至打印到隔离区域；
    S5：隔离打印头(1)朝向合金粉末上方的隔离区域喷射隔离膜；
    S6：喷墨打印头(003)朝向打印区域和支撑区域喷涂粘结剂；
    S7：重复S3、S5和S6，直至支撑结构打印完成；
    S8：重复S2和S3，直至零件打印完成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，其特征在于：所述S5中的隔离膜包括互相混合的粘结剂和高防烧结粘连的隔离材料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，其特征在于：所述S5中的隔离膜包括高防烧结粘连的隔离材料。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，其特征在于：所述隔离材料为陶瓷粉末或难熔金属粉末。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，其特征在于：所述难熔金属粉末为钨、钼、钒中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S5中，所述隔离打印头(1)将粘结剂和陶瓷粉末混合成膏状的隔离膜喷射于隔离区域；
    或者，所述隔离打印头(1)将粘结剂和难熔金属粉末混合成膏状的隔离膜喷射于隔离区域。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S5中，所述隔离打印头(1)将陶瓷粉末喷射于隔离区域，形成粉末状的隔离膜，所述喷墨打印头(003)朝向粉末状隔离膜靠近支撑区域的表面喷涂粘结剂；
    或者，所述隔离打印头(1)将难熔金属粉末喷射于隔离区域，形成粉末状的隔离膜，所述喷墨打印头(003)朝向粉末状隔离膜靠近支撑区域的表面喷涂粘结剂。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，其特征在于：所述隔离材料为亚微米级、微米级、几十微米级或几百微米级的陶瓷粉末或难熔金属粉末。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，其特征在于：还包括如下步骤：
    S9：将打印后的零件移动至烧结炉内进行烧结，零件烧结完成后，支撑结构与零件分离。
  10. 一种3D打印随形烧结支撑装置，适用于权利要求1-9任一所述的一种3D打印随形烧结支撑方法，其特征在于：包括朝向成型工作台(001)内喷射隔离膜的隔离打印头(1)。
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