WO2024021248A1 - Battery cell, battery and electric device - Google Patents
Battery cell, battery and electric device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024021248A1 WO2024021248A1 PCT/CN2022/118501 CN2022118501W WO2024021248A1 WO 2024021248 A1 WO2024021248 A1 WO 2024021248A1 CN 2022118501 W CN2022118501 W CN 2022118501W WO 2024021248 A1 WO2024021248 A1 WO 2024021248A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery cell
- battery
- electrode assembly
- buffer member
- cavity
- Prior art date
Links
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
- the space utilization, safety performance, strength, and long-term charge and discharge performance of the battery cells are crucial to the performance of the battery. Therefore, how to improve battery performance is an urgent problem that needs to be solved.
- Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment, which can improve the performance of the battery.
- a battery cell including: a casing; an electrolyte; an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly and the electrolyte are accommodated in the casing; and a buffer member, the buffer member is accommodated in the The outer casing is connected to the electrode assembly.
- a cavity is provided inside the buffer member. The cavity is isolated from the electrolyte.
- the buffer member is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly.
- the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly accommodated in the casing, an electrolyte and a buffer.
- the buffer member is accommodated in the housing and connected to the electrode assembly.
- the buffer member is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly. Since the buffer members are arranged inside the battery cells, when the internal space of the battery is constant, the space of the buffer members originally provided between the battery cells in the battery can be transferred to the internal space of the battery cells, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery cells. Battery space utilization.
- a cavity is provided inside the buffer, and the cavity is isolated from the electrolyte.
- the cavity in the buffer can provide a space for the electrode assembly to deform, improve the weight energy density of the battery cell, and reduce the distance between the cavity and the electrode assembly or casing. temperature difference between. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve battery performance.
- the cavity communicates with the outside of the housing.
- the cavity can conduct heat exchange with the outside of the shell, which is beneficial to reducing the temperature difference between the cavity and the outside of the shell.
- the cavity is used to accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell.
- the fluid in the cavity can heat or cool the battery cells to reduce the temperature difference between the cavity and the exterior of the casing or the electrode assembly.
- the buffer member is configured to adjust the thickness through pressure changes of the fluid in the cavity.
- the thickness of the cavity can be increased by increasing the pressure of the fluid, which is beneficial to reducing the gap between the electrode assembly and the housing or can make the electrode assembly contact the housing, thereby reducing the thermal resistance, Improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery cell;
- the force exerted by the buffer member on the electrode assembly can be adjusted, so that the electrode assembly can be evenly stressed on both sides along the thickness direction of the buffer member.
- the expansion force of the electrode assembly can be released evenly, thereby reducing the accumulation of polarization of the electrode assembly, which is beneficial to improving the cycle life and safety performance of the battery cell.
- an elastic support structure is provided in the cavity, and the elastic support structure is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly.
- the arrangement of the elastic support structure is conducive to further improving the deformation ability of the buffer member and is conducive to providing more expansion space for the electrode assembly.
- the elastic support structure is parallel to the thickness direction of the buffer member. In this way, the installation of the elastic support structure is facilitated.
- the elastic support structure includes elastic support columns or elastic support plates. In this way, the elastic support structure has a simple structure and is easy to process.
- the elastic support structure is a metal elastic support structure or a polymer elastic support structure. In this way, it is convenient to flexibly select the type of elastic support structure according to actual needs.
- the housing includes a housing and an end cover, the housing has an opening and is used to accommodate the electrode assembly, and the end cover is used to cover the opening; wherein the buffer
- the surface of the component facing the end cap is provided with an inlet and outlet, and the cavity communicates with the outside of the housing through the inlet and outlet. In this way, the communication between the cavity of the buffer member and the outside of the housing is achieved through the arrangement of the inlet and outlet of the buffer member.
- the end cover is provided with a connection port corresponding to the inlet and outlet, and the inlet and outlet communicates with the outside of the housing through the connection port.
- the connection port corresponding to the inlet and outlet on the end cover, there is no need to set up additional pipes to connect the inlet and outlet and the connection port.
- the battery cell has a simple structure and is easy to produce and assemble.
- the inlet and outlet includes an inlet and an outlet. Fluid enters the cavity through the inlet and flows out of the cavity through the outlet. In this way, the arrangement of the inlet and outlet facilitates the circulation of fluid in the cavity and improves the efficiency of heat exchange.
- the ratio of the size of the buffer member to the size of the battery cell is 1% to 20%. In this way, it is easy to balance the buffering effect of the buffer member and the space utilization of the battery cells.
- the battery cell includes a plurality of electrode assemblies, and the buffer member is disposed between adjacent electrode assemblies. In this way, it is convenient to cool down or heat up the electrode assembly, and is beneficial to the temperature difference between the electrode assembly and the shell.
- the buffer member is an aluminum buffer member, an aluminum alloy buffer member or a polymer buffer member. In this way, it is convenient to flexibly select the type of buffer according to actual needs.
- the side surface of the electrode assembly includes a planar portion, and the buffer member is connected to the planar portion. In this way, the connection between the buffer member and the electrode assembly is facilitated.
- the planar portion is a surface with the largest area of the electrode assembly. In this way, it is beneficial to realize the uniform release of the expansion force of the electrode assembly, and at the same time, it is beneficial to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the fluid in the cavity and the electrode assembly, and to improve the heat dissipation efficiency.
- embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including: the battery cell according to any one of the first aspect and its implementation; and a box, the box being used to accommodate the battery. monomer.
- embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device, including: the battery described in the second aspect, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
- the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly accommodated in the casing, an electrolyte and a buffer.
- the buffer member is accommodated in the housing and connected to the electrode assembly.
- the buffer member is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly. Since the buffer members are arranged inside the battery cells, when the internal space of the battery is constant, the space of the buffer members originally provided between the battery cells in the battery can be transferred to the internal space of the battery cells, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery cells. Battery space utilization.
- a cavity is provided inside the buffer, and the cavity is isolated from the electrolyte.
- the cavity in the buffer can provide a space for the electrode assembly to deform, improve the weight energy density of the battery cell, and reduce the distance between the cavity and the electrode assembly or casing. temperature difference between. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve battery performance.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell in Figure 3 along the A-A direction;
- Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer member according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer member in Figure 5 along the B-B direction;
- Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer member in Figure 5 along the C-C direction;
- Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
- “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
- the battery cells may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
- the battery cells may be in the shape of a round body, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
- Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
- the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
- the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
- Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
- the battery may include multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
- Hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connection.
- multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery.
- multiple battery cells can directly form a battery, or they can first form a battery module, and then the battery module can form a battery.
- the battery is further installed in the electrical equipment to provide electrical energy to the electrical equipment.
- Buffers in batteries are usually arranged between battery cells to buffer the battery cells, but this arrangement is complicated to assemble and is not conducive to improving the internal space utilization of the battery. Placing buffers inside the battery cells can improve the above problems to a certain extent. However, during the use of the battery cells, more heat accumulates inside the battery cells. Conventional buffers have large thermal resistance and cannot be used. It is beneficial to the heat dissipation of the battery cell, resulting in a large temperature difference between the interior of the battery cell and the outer surface of the battery cell.
- the heat accumulated inside causes the temperature of the battery cell to rise, which is not conducive to improving the safety of the battery cell; on the other hand, the temperature difference between the inside of the battery cell and the outer surface of the battery cell is not conducive to the improvement of the battery cell.
- the choice of charging strategy affects charge and discharge performance. It can be seen that the internal settings of the battery cells are crucial to the performance of the battery. Therefore, how to provide a battery cell to improve battery performance is an urgent problem to be solved.
- a battery cell which includes a casing, an electrode assembly accommodated in the casing, an electrolyte and a buffer.
- the buffer member is accommodated in the housing and connected to the electrode assembly.
- the buffer member is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly. Since the buffer members are arranged inside the battery cells, when the internal space of the battery is constant, the space of the buffer members originally provided between the battery cells in the battery can be transferred to the internal space of the battery cells, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery cells. Battery space utilization.
- a cavity is provided inside the buffer, and the cavity is isolated from the electrolyte.
- the cavity in the buffer can provide a space for the electrode assembly to deform, which is beneficial to improving the weight energy density of the battery cell and reducing the distance between the cavity and the electrode assembly. or the temperature difference between enclosures. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve battery performance.
- batteries such as mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc.
- spacecraft include Airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.
- FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
- the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a new energy vehicle. Extended range vehicles, etc.
- a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1 .
- the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to provide power to the motor 40 .
- the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
- the battery 10 can be used to supply power to the vehicle 1 .
- the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 and used in the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation, and operation of the vehicle 1 .
- the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source of the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
- the battery 10 may include multiple battery cells.
- FIG. 2 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 .
- the battery 10 may also include a box 11.
- the inside of the box 11 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box 11.
- a plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in parallel or in series or in a mixed combination and then placed in the box 11 .
- the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be described in detail here.
- the battery 10 may further include a bus component, which is used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection, or mixed connection.
- the bus component can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 .
- the bus part may be fixed to the electrode terminal of the battery cell 20 by welding. The electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the box through the conductive mechanism.
- the electrically conductive means can also be part of the busbar.
- the number of battery cells 20 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed connection to achieve larger capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 20 included in each battery 10 may be large, in order to facilitate installation, the battery cells 20 may be arranged in groups, and each group of battery cells 20 forms a battery module. The number of battery cells 20 included in the battery module is not limited and can be set according to requirements.
- the battery may include multiple battery modules, which may be connected in series, parallel or mixed connection.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell in FIG. 3 along the direction A-A.
- the battery cell 20 includes a casing 21 , an electrolyte, an electrode assembly 22 and a buffer 25 .
- the casing 21 is used to accommodate the electrolyte, the electrode assembly 22 and the buffer member 25.
- the shell 21 is determined according to the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 22.
- the shell 21 can be a hollow rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or a cylinder.
- the electrode assembly 22 may be composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separation film.
- the battery cell 20 mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
- the separator is used to isolate the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and the material of the separator can be polypropylene or polyethylene.
- the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
- the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
- the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
- the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
- the current collector coated with the negative active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
- the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon. In order to ensure that large currents can pass through without melting, the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
- the electrode assembly 22 may have a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the electrode assembly 22 may be provided as a single or multiple electrode components according to actual usage requirements. As shown in FIG. 3 , the battery cell 20 is provided with two independent electrode assemblies 22 .
- the electrolyte is disposed inside the casing 21 and plays a role in transmitting ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
- the electrolyte can be liquid, gel or solid. This application does not specifically limit the type of electrolyte, and can be selected according to needs.
- the buffer member 25 is accommodated in the housing 21 and connected to the electrode assembly 22 .
- the buffer member 25 can be directly connected to the electrode assembly 22 or indirectly connected to the electrode assembly 22 . Since the buffer member 25 is disposed inside the battery cell 20 , when the internal space of the battery 10 is constant, the space of the buffer member 25 originally provided between the battery cells 20 in the battery 10 can be transferred to the battery cells 20 internal space, thereby improving the space utilization of the battery 10.
- a cavity 251 is provided inside the buffer member 25, and the cavity 251 is isolated from the electrolyte.
- the cavity 251 in the buffer member 25 can be elastically deformed when acted upon by an external force.
- the cavity 251 can be compressed after being subjected to pressure.
- the cavity 251 in the buffer member 25 can provide space for the expansion of the electrode assembly 22;
- the arrangement of the cavity 251 is conducive to reducing the weight of the buffer member 25, thereby helping to increase the weight of the battery cell 20.
- Energy density on the other hand, the arrangement of the cavity 251 is beneficial to reducing the thermal resistance of the buffer member 25, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the cavity 251 and the electrode assembly 22 or the shell 21.
- the buffer member 25 is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly 22 .
- the buffering member 25 will exert pressure on the buffering member 25 , and after being compressed, the buffering member 25 will exert a reverse pressure on the electrode assembly 22 . Due to the function of the buffer member 25, the overall force on the surface of the electrode assembly 22 that is in contact with or connected to the buffer member 25 can be in an appropriate range, which is beneficial to achieving a uniform release of the expansion force of the electrode assembly 22.
- the shape of the buffer member 25 may be a rectangular parallelepiped or a shape adapted to the electrode assembly 22 , which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20.
- the battery cell 20 includes a casing 21, an electrode assembly 22 accommodated in the casing 21, an electrolyte and a buffer 25.
- the buffer member 25 is accommodated in the housing 21 and connected to the electrode assembly 22 .
- the buffer member 25 is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly 22 . Since the buffer member 25 is disposed inside the battery cell 20 , when the internal space of the battery 10 is constant, the space of the buffer member 25 originally provided between the battery cells 20 in the battery 10 can be transferred to the battery cells 20 internal space, thereby improving the space utilization of the battery 10.
- a cavity 251 is provided inside the buffer member 25, and the cavity 251 is isolated from the electrolyte.
- the cavity 251 in the buffer member 25 can provide a deformation space for the electrode assembly 22, thereby increasing the weight energy density of the battery cell 20 and reducing the energy density of the battery cell 20.
- the cavity 251 is connected with the outside of the housing 21 .
- the outside of the casing 21 may also refer to the outside of the battery cell 20 , that is to say, the cavity 251 is connected to the external environment outside the casing 21 .
- the cavity 251 can exchange heat with the external environment.
- the cavity 251 can dissipate heat to the external environment to reduce the temperature of the cavity 251 , thereby further reducing the temperature of the cavity 251 .
- Temperature differences will affect the charge and discharge performance of the battery. For example, the temperature difference leads to the existence of a low-temperature region and a high-temperature region (relative to the low-temperature region). For the low-temperature region, the dynamic characteristics of the low-temperature region are poor, so the low-temperature region requires a smaller charging current, and a smaller charging current Current affects how quickly the battery charges.
- the cavity 251 is used to accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20 .
- the fluid can be circulated to achieve better temperature regulation effect.
- the fluid may be a gas or a liquid, such as water, a mixture of water and ethanol, refrigerant, or air.
- the fluid in the cavity 251 can further cool down or heat up the cavity 251 and the area around the cavity 251 inside the battery cell 20 to adjust the temperature of the cavity 251 and its surrounding area. . In this way, during the process of using the thermal management component to cool down or heat up the battery cell 20 , the temperature difference between the housing 21 and the electrode assembly 22 and the cavity 251 can be reduced.
- the buffer member 25 is configured to adjust the thickness through pressure changes of the fluid in the cavity 251 .
- the thickness of the buffer member 25 may refer to the size of the buffer member 25 along the thickness direction of the buffer member 25, such as the x direction.
- the thickness of the cushioning member 25 can be adjusted by pressurizing the fluid. For example, when the fluid pressure increases, the size of the buffer member 25 along the thickness direction becomes larger, so that the space occupied by the buffer member 25 becomes larger, the gap between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 becomes smaller, and even the gap between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 becomes smaller. 21 contacts. In this way, it is beneficial to reduce the thermal resistance between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21, improve the heat dissipation efficiency, and effectively reduce the temperature of the electrode assembly 22.
- the thickness of the buffer member 25 can also be adjusted by reducing the pressure of the fluid.
- the size of the electrode assembly 22 becomes larger compared to the early use stage of the battery cell 20 , and the gap between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 becomes smaller.
- the size of the buffer member 25 can be changed by adjusting the pressure of the fluid, for example, reducing the pressure of the fluid so that the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 are in a state of mutual extrusion to a state where the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 are in perfect contact.
- the thickness of the buffer 25 can be adjusted through changes in the pressure of the fluid within the cavity 251 .
- adjusting the thickness of the buffer member 25 can help reduce the thermal resistance between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 and improve the heat dissipation efficiency.
- the force on the first surface and the second surface of the electrode assembly 22 can be made uniform and constant, that is, the force on the first surface and the second surface of the electrode assembly 22 can be relatively consistent, where the first surface can be the electrode assembly.
- the suspension of the first surface may mean that the first surface is not in contact with the buffer member 25 and the second surface is in contact with the housing 21; the suspension of the second surface may be that the second surface is not in contact with the housing 21 and the first surface is in contact with the buffer.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer member according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer member in FIG. 5 along the B-B direction.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer member in FIG. 5 along the C-C direction.
- an elastic support structure 252 is provided in the cavity 251, and the elastic support structure 252 is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly 22.
- the provision of the elastic support structure 252 is conducive to further improving the deformation ability of the buffer member 25 and is conducive to providing more expansion space for the electrode assembly 22 .
- the elastic support structure 252 is parallel to the thickness direction of the buffer member 25 .
- the elastic support structure 252 is parallel to the thickness direction of the buffer member 25 . It can also be said that the elastic support structure 252 extends along the thickness direction of the buffer member 25 . In this way, the installation of the elastic support structure 252 is facilitated.
- multiple elastic support structures 252 are provided in the cavity 251 .
- the plurality of elastic support structures 252 may be distributed at certain intervals along the height direction of the battery cell 20 , such as the z direction in the figure.
- multiple elastic support structures 252 are arranged parallel to each other.
- multiple elastic support structures 252 may also be connected to each other at a certain angle.
- the arrangement of the elastic support structure 252 can be specifically set according to actual needs, and this application does not impose specific restrictions on this.
- the elastic support structure 252 includes elastic support columns or elastic support plates. In this way, the elastic support structure 252 has a simple structure and is easy to process.
- the elastic support structure 252 is a metal elastic support structure or a polymer elastic support structure. In this way, it is convenient to flexibly select the type of elastic support structure according to actual needs.
- the material of the polymer elastic support structure is a polymer, which can also be called a polymer compound, such as polypropylene.
- the elastic support structure 252 can also be made of other elastically deformable polymer compounds, and is not specifically limited here.
- the elastic support structure 252 can also be made of other elastic materials, as long as the elastic deformation of the elastic support structure 252 can be achieved.
- the housing 21 includes a housing 211 and an end cover 212.
- the housing 211 has an opening and is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22.
- the end cover 212 is used to cover the opening; wherein, the surface of the buffer member 25 facing the end cover 212
- An inlet and outlet 253 is provided, through which the cavity 251 communicates with the outside of the housing 21 .
- One face of the housing 211 has an opening so that one or more electrode assemblies 22 can be placed within the housing 211 .
- the housing 211 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped or a cube
- one of the planes of the housing 211 is an opening surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 211 are connected.
- the housing 211 can be a hollow cylinder
- the end surface of the housing 211 is an open surface, that is, the end surface does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 211 are connected.
- the end cap 212 covers the opening and is connected with the housing 211 to form a closed cavity in which the electrode assembly 22 is placed.
- two of the faces of the housing 211 have openings.
- the housing 211 has two opposite openings, and two end caps are respectively used to cover the two openings.
- the end cap 212 may be provided with electrode terminals 214, which are respectively a positive electrode terminal 214a and a negative electrode terminal 214b.
- the end cap 212 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and the two electrode terminals 214 are fixed on the flat surface of the end cap 212 .
- Each electrode terminal 214 may be provided with a corresponding connecting member.
- the connecting member is located between the end cover 212 and the electrode assembly 22 and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 214 .
- the surface of the buffer member 25 facing the end cover 212 is provided with an inlet and outlet 253, and the cavity 251 communicates with the outside of the housing 21 through the inlet and outlet 253. In this way, the communication between the cavity 251 of the buffer member 25 and the outside of the housing 21 is achieved through the arrangement of the inlet and outlet 253 of the buffer member 25 .
- the end cover 212 is provided with a connection port 2121 corresponding to the inlet and outlet 253, and the inlet and outlet 253 communicates with the outside of the housing 21 through the connection port 2121.
- the connection port 2121 corresponding to the inlet and outlet 253 on the end cover 212 there is no need to provide additional pipes to connect the inlet and outlet 253 and the connection port 2121.
- the battery cell 20 has a simple structure and is easy to produce and assemble.
- the inlet and outlet 253 includes an inlet 2531 and an outlet 2532.
- the fluid enters the cavity 251 of the buffer member 25 through the inlet 2531, and flows out of the cavity 251 of the buffer member 25 through the outlet 2532.
- the arrangement of the inlet 2531 and the outlet 2532 facilitates the circulation of fluid in the cavity 251 and helps improve the efficiency of heat exchange.
- the shape and size of the inlet 2531 and the outlet 2532 can be specifically set according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present application does not impose specific restrictions on this.
- the ratio of the size of the buffer member 25 to the size of the battery cells 20 is 1% to 20%.
- the size of the buffer member 25 may be L1, and the size of the battery cell 20 may be L2.
- the ratio of L1 to L2 is less than 1%, the thickness of the buffer 25 is too small and it is difficult to realize the buffering effect of the buffer 25; when the ratio of L1 to L2 is greater than 20%, the thickness of the buffer 25 is too large and occupies more space. space, which is not conducive to improving the space utilization of the battery cell 20 and increasing the volumetric energy density.
- the ratio of the size of the buffer member 25 to the size of the battery cell 20 is 1% to 20%, which facilitates balancing the buffering effect of the buffer member 25 and the space of the battery cell 20 Utilization.
- the ratio of the size L1 of the buffer member 25 to the size L2 of the battery cell 20 is 5% to 10%.
- the ratio of L1 to L2 can be specifically set according to the actual situation.
- the battery cell 20 includes a plurality of electrode assemblies 22 , and the buffer members 25 are disposed between adjacent electrode assemblies 22 . In this way, it is convenient to cool down or heat up the electrode assembly 22, and it is beneficial to reduce the temperature difference between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21.
- a buffer member 25 is also provided between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 , which is beneficial to further reducing the temperature difference between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 and increasing the heating or cooling rate of the battery cell 20 .
- the buffer member 25 is an aluminum buffer member, an aluminum alloy buffer member or a polymer buffer member. In this way, it is convenient to flexibly select the type of buffer member 25 according to actual needs.
- the buffer member 25 is a polymer buffer member, which may mean that the material of the buffer member 25 is a polymer (or polymer compound), such as polypropylene, polyethylene, etc.
- a polymer or polymer compound
- the embodiments of the present application do not place specific restrictions on the specific type of polymer, as long as the buffering member 25 can achieve the buffering function and the function of isolating the electrolyte.
- the buffer member 25 is an aluminum buffer member, so that the buffer member 25 can have better thermal conductivity.
- the buffer member 25 can also be made of other materials that have excellent thermal conductivity and do not absorb electrolyte.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the side surface of the electrode assembly 22 includes a planar portion 27
- the buffer member 25 is connected to the planar portion 27 .
- Electrode assembly 22 includes side surfaces and end surfaces.
- the electrode assembly 22 includes two end surfaces that are opposite to each other and parallel to the end cover 212 , and the side surfaces of the electrode assembly 22 are respectively connected to the two end surfaces.
- Figure 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrode assembly 22.
- the electrode assembly 22 may include a planar portion 27 and a curved portion 28.
- the planar portion 27 and the curved portion 28 are connected to each other to form the electrode assembly 22.
- the electrode assembly 22 may be rolled. structure.
- the electrode assembly 22 may not include a curved portion, but only a planar portion, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the flat portion 27 is connected to the electrode assembly 22 to facilitate the connection between the buffer member 25 and the electrode assembly 22 .
- the planar portion 27 is the largest surface of the electrode assembly 22 . In this way, it is beneficial to realize the uniform release of the expansion force of the electrode assembly 22, and at the same time, it is beneficial to increase the heat exchange area between the electrode assembly 22 and the buffer member 25, and can improve the heat exchange between the fluid in the cavity 251 and the electrode assembly 22. Efficiency, for example, can improve the heat dissipation efficiency inside the battery cell 20 .
- the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20 , which includes a casing 21 , an electrode assembly 22 accommodated in the casing 21 , an electrolyte and a buffer 25 .
- the buffer member 25 is accommodated in the housing 21 and connected to the electrode assembly 22.
- the buffer member 25 is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly 22.
- a cavity 251 is provided inside the buffer member 25.
- the cavity 251 is isolated from the electrolyte and is separated from the shell 21. Connected to the outside, the cavity 251 is used to contain fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20 .
- the cavity 251 in the buffer member 25 can provide space for the electrode assembly 22 to deform, improve the weight energy density of the battery cell 20 , and reduce the temperature difference between the cavity 251 and the electrode assembly 22 or the housing 21 . Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve the performance of the battery 10 .
- the embodiment of the present application provides a battery 10, including: the battery cell 20 of any one of the above embodiments; and a box 11, the box 11 is used to accommodate the battery cell 20.
- the embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including: the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application.
- the battery 10 is used to provide electric energy to the electrical device.
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Abstract
Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are a battery cell, a battery and an electric device. The battery cell comprises: a shell; an electrolyte; an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly and the electrolyte being accommodated in the shell; and a buffer member, which is accommodated in the shell and is connected to the electrode assembly, a cavity being provided inside the buffer member and being isolated from the electrolyte, and the buffer member being configured to buffer the swelling of the electrode assembly. By means of the technical solution of the present application, the performance of the battery can be improved.
Description
相关申请的交叉引用Cross-references to related applications
本申请要求享有于2022年07月27日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池及用电设备”的中国专利申请202221954778.2的优先权,该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。This application claims priority to Chinese patent application 202221954778.2 titled "Battery Cells, Batteries and Electrical Equipment" submitted on July 27, 2022. The entire content of this application is incorporated herein by reference.
本申请涉及电池技术领域,更为具体地,涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下,电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言,电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。Energy conservation and emission reduction are the key to the sustainable development of the automobile industry. In this case, electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their energy-saving and environmentally friendly advantages. For electric vehicles, battery technology is an important factor related to their development.
电池单体的空间利用率,安全性能、强度,长期充放电性能等对电池的性能至关重要。因此,如何提高电池的性能是一项亟需解决的问题。The space utilization, safety performance, strength, and long-term charge and discharge performance of the battery cells are crucial to the performance of the battery. Therefore, how to improve battery performance is an urgent problem that needs to be solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电设备,可以提高电池的性能。Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment, which can improve the performance of the battery.
第一方面,本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体,包括:外壳;电解质;电极组件,所述电极组件和所述电解质容纳于所述外壳;缓冲件,所述缓冲件容纳于所述外壳并与所述电极组件连接,所述缓冲件的内部设置有空腔,所述空腔与所述电解质隔离,所述缓冲件用于缓冲所述电极组件的膨胀。In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, including: a casing; an electrolyte; an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly and the electrolyte are accommodated in the casing; and a buffer member, the buffer member is accommodated in the The outer casing is connected to the electrode assembly. A cavity is provided inside the buffer member. The cavity is isolated from the electrolyte. The buffer member is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly.
在本申请实施例中,电池单体包括外壳,容纳于外壳中的电极组件,电解 质和缓冲件。缓冲件容纳于外壳内并与电极组件连接,缓冲件用于缓冲电极组件的膨胀。由于缓冲件设置在电池单体的内部,当电池的内部空间一定时,可以将原本设置于电池中的电池单体之间的缓冲件的空间让渡给电池单体的内部空间,从而可以提高电池的空间利用率。缓冲件的内部设置有空腔,空腔与电解质隔离,这样,缓冲件内的空腔可以为电极组件提供变形的空间,提高电池单体的重量能量密度,减小空腔与电极组件或外壳之间的温差。因此,本申请实施例的技术方案可以提高电池的性能。In the embodiment of the present application, the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly accommodated in the casing, an electrolyte and a buffer. The buffer member is accommodated in the housing and connected to the electrode assembly. The buffer member is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly. Since the buffer members are arranged inside the battery cells, when the internal space of the battery is constant, the space of the buffer members originally provided between the battery cells in the battery can be transferred to the internal space of the battery cells, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery cells. Battery space utilization. A cavity is provided inside the buffer, and the cavity is isolated from the electrolyte. In this way, the cavity in the buffer can provide a space for the electrode assembly to deform, improve the weight energy density of the battery cell, and reduce the distance between the cavity and the electrode assembly or casing. temperature difference between. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve battery performance.
在一种可能的实现方式中,空腔与外壳的外部连通。这样,空腔可以与外壳的外部进行热交换,有利于减小空腔与外壳的外部之间的温差。In one possible implementation, the cavity communicates with the outside of the housing. In this way, the cavity can conduct heat exchange with the outside of the shell, which is beneficial to reducing the temperature difference between the cavity and the outside of the shell.
在一种可能的实现方式中,空腔用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度。这样,通过空腔内的流体可以给电池单体升温或降温,以减小空腔和外壳的外部或电极组件之间的温差。In a possible implementation, the cavity is used to accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell. In this way, the fluid in the cavity can heat or cool the battery cells to reduce the temperature difference between the cavity and the exterior of the casing or the electrode assembly.
在一种可能的实现方式中,缓冲件被配置为通过所述空腔中的流体的压力变化调节厚度。在该实现方式中,一方面,可以通过增加流体的压力以增加空腔的厚度,这样有利于减小电极组件与外壳之间的间隙或者可以使电极组件与外壳接触,从而可以降低热阻,提高电池单体的散热效率;另一方面,通过调节空腔的厚度可以调节缓冲件施加在电极组件上的力,从而可以使电极组件在沿缓冲件的厚度方向的两侧的受力均匀,可以实现电极组件的膨胀力的均匀释放,从而减少电极组件的极化累积,有利于提高电池单体的循环寿命和安全性能。In a possible implementation, the buffer member is configured to adjust the thickness through pressure changes of the fluid in the cavity. In this implementation, on the one hand, the thickness of the cavity can be increased by increasing the pressure of the fluid, which is beneficial to reducing the gap between the electrode assembly and the housing or can make the electrode assembly contact the housing, thereby reducing the thermal resistance, Improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery cell; on the other hand, by adjusting the thickness of the cavity, the force exerted by the buffer member on the electrode assembly can be adjusted, so that the electrode assembly can be evenly stressed on both sides along the thickness direction of the buffer member. The expansion force of the electrode assembly can be released evenly, thereby reducing the accumulation of polarization of the electrode assembly, which is beneficial to improving the cycle life and safety performance of the battery cell.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述空腔内设置有弹性支撑结构,所述弹性支撑结构用于缓冲所述电极组件的膨胀。在电池单体的使用过程中,弹性支撑结构的设置有利于进一步提高缓冲件的变形能力,有利于向电极组件提供更多的膨胀空间。In a possible implementation, an elastic support structure is provided in the cavity, and the elastic support structure is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly. During the use of the battery cell, the arrangement of the elastic support structure is conducive to further improving the deformation ability of the buffer member and is conducive to providing more expansion space for the electrode assembly.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述弹性支撑结构平行于所述缓冲件的厚度方向。这样,便于弹性支撑结构的安装。In a possible implementation, the elastic support structure is parallel to the thickness direction of the buffer member. In this way, the installation of the elastic support structure is facilitated.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述弹性支撑结构包括弹性支撑柱或弹性支撑板。这样,弹性支撑结构的结构简单,便于加工。In a possible implementation, the elastic support structure includes elastic support columns or elastic support plates. In this way, the elastic support structure has a simple structure and is easy to process.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述弹性支撑结构为金属弹性支撑结构或聚合物弹性支撑结构。这样,便于根据实际需要灵活选择弹性支撑结构的类型。In a possible implementation, the elastic support structure is a metal elastic support structure or a polymer elastic support structure. In this way, it is convenient to flexibly select the type of elastic support structure according to actual needs.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述外壳包括壳体和端盖,所述壳体具有开口并用于容纳所述电极组件,所述端盖用于盖合所述开口;其中,所述缓冲件的朝向所述端盖的表面设置有进出口,所述空腔通过所述进出口与所述外壳的外部连通。这样,通过缓冲件的进出口的设置实现了缓冲件的空腔与外壳的外部的连通。In a possible implementation, the housing includes a housing and an end cover, the housing has an opening and is used to accommodate the electrode assembly, and the end cover is used to cover the opening; wherein the buffer The surface of the component facing the end cap is provided with an inlet and outlet, and the cavity communicates with the outside of the housing through the inlet and outlet. In this way, the communication between the cavity of the buffer member and the outside of the housing is achieved through the arrangement of the inlet and outlet of the buffer member.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述端盖设置有与所述进出口对应的连接口,所述进出口通过所述连接口与所述外壳的外部连通。这样,通过在端盖上设置与进出口对应的连接口,不需要额外设置管道以连接进出口和连接口,该电池单体的结构简单,便于生产和组装。In a possible implementation, the end cover is provided with a connection port corresponding to the inlet and outlet, and the inlet and outlet communicates with the outside of the housing through the connection port. In this way, by arranging the connection port corresponding to the inlet and outlet on the end cover, there is no need to set up additional pipes to connect the inlet and outlet and the connection port. The battery cell has a simple structure and is easy to produce and assemble.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述进出口包括进口和出口,流体通过所述进口进入所述空腔,通过所述出口流出所述空腔。这样,通过进口和出口的设置,便于实现空腔内的流体的循环流动,有利于提高热交换的效率。In a possible implementation, the inlet and outlet includes an inlet and an outlet. Fluid enters the cavity through the inlet and flows out of the cavity through the outlet. In this way, the arrangement of the inlet and outlet facilitates the circulation of fluid in the cavity and improves the efficiency of heat exchange.
在一种可能的实现方式中,沿所述缓冲件的厚度方向,所述缓冲件的尺寸与所述电池单体的尺寸之比为1%~20%。这样,便于兼顾缓冲件的缓冲作用和电池单体的空间利用率。In a possible implementation, along the thickness direction of the buffer member, the ratio of the size of the buffer member to the size of the battery cell is 1% to 20%. In this way, it is easy to balance the buffering effect of the buffer member and the space utilization of the battery cells.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述电池单体包括多个所述电极组件,所述缓冲件设置于相邻的所述电极组件之间。这样,便于对电极组件进行降温或升温,有利于电极组件与外壳之间的温差。In a possible implementation, the battery cell includes a plurality of electrode assemblies, and the buffer member is disposed between adjacent electrode assemblies. In this way, it is convenient to cool down or heat up the electrode assembly, and is beneficial to the temperature difference between the electrode assembly and the shell.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述缓冲件为铝制缓冲件、铝合金缓冲件或聚合物缓冲件。这样,便于根据实际需求灵活选择缓冲件的类型。In a possible implementation, the buffer member is an aluminum buffer member, an aluminum alloy buffer member or a polymer buffer member. In this way, it is convenient to flexibly select the type of buffer according to actual needs.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述电极组件的侧面包括平面部,所述缓冲件与所述平面部连接。这样,便于实现缓冲件与电极组件之间的连接。In a possible implementation, the side surface of the electrode assembly includes a planar portion, and the buffer member is connected to the planar portion. In this way, the connection between the buffer member and the electrode assembly is facilitated.
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述平面部为所述电极组件的面积最大的表面。这样,有利于实现电极组件的膨胀力的均匀释放,同时有利于提高空腔内的流体与电极组件之间的热交换效率,有利于提高散热效率。In a possible implementation, the planar portion is a surface with the largest area of the electrode assembly. In this way, it is beneficial to realize the uniform release of the expansion force of the electrode assembly, and at the same time, it is beneficial to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the fluid in the cavity and the electrode assembly, and to improve the heat dissipation efficiency.
第二方面,本申请实施例提供了一种电池,包括:根据第一方面及其实现方式中的任一项所述的电池单体;和箱体,所述箱体用于容纳所述电池单体。In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including: the battery cell according to any one of the first aspect and its implementation; and a box, the box being used to accommodate the battery. monomer.
第三方面,本申请实施例提供了一种用电设备,包括:第二方面所述的电 池,所述电池用于向所述用电设备提供电能。In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device, including: the battery described in the second aspect, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
在本申请实施例中,电池单体包括外壳,容纳于外壳中的电极组件,电解质和缓冲件。缓冲件容纳于外壳内并与电极组件连接,缓冲件用于缓冲电极组件的膨胀。由于缓冲件设置在电池单体的内部,当电池的内部空间一定时,可以将原本设置于电池中的电池单体之间的缓冲件的空间让渡给电池单体的内部空间,从而可以提高电池的空间利用率。缓冲件的内部设置有空腔,空腔与电解质隔离,这样,缓冲件内的空腔可以为电极组件提供变形的空间,提高电池单体的重量能量密度,减小空腔与电极组件或外壳之间的温差。因此,本申请实施例的技术方案可以提高电池的性能。In the embodiment of the present application, the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly accommodated in the casing, an electrolyte and a buffer. The buffer member is accommodated in the housing and connected to the electrode assembly. The buffer member is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly. Since the buffer members are arranged inside the battery cells, when the internal space of the battery is constant, the space of the buffer members originally provided between the battery cells in the battery can be transferred to the internal space of the battery cells, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery cells. Battery space utilization. A cavity is provided inside the buffer, and the cavity is isolated from the electrolyte. In this way, the cavity in the buffer can provide a space for the electrode assembly to deform, improve the weight energy density of the battery cell, and reduce the distance between the cavity and the electrode assembly or casing. temperature difference between. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve battery performance.
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on the drawings without exerting creative efforts.
图1为本申请一实施例的车辆的示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请一实施例的电池的示意图;Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请一实施例的电池单体的结构示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application;
图4为为图3中的电池单体沿A-A方向的截面图;Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell in Figure 3 along the A-A direction;
图5为为本申请一实施例的缓冲件的结构示意图;Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer member according to an embodiment of the present application;
图6为图5中的缓冲件沿B-B方向的截面图;Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer member in Figure 5 along the B-B direction;
图7为图5中的缓冲件沿C-C方向的截面图;Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer member in Figure 5 along the C-C direction;
图8为本申请一实施例的电极组件的结构示意图。Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理,但不能用来限制本申请的范围,即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。The embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The detailed description of the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of the present application, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application, that is, the present application is not limited to the described embodiments.
在本申请的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个以上;术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便 于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直,而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行,而是在误差允许范围之内。In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, "plurality" means more than two; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", " The orientation or positional relationship indicated such as "outside" is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description. It does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. Application restrictions. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. "Vertical" is not vertical in the strict sense, but within the allowable error range. "Parallel" is not parallel in the strict sense, but within the allowable error range.
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向,并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中,还需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。The directional words appearing in the following description are the directions shown in the figures and do not limit the specific structure of the present application. In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a removable connection. Detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application may be understood based on specific circumstances.
本申请中术语“和/或”,仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。另外,本申请中字符“/”,一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。The term "and/or" in this application is just an association relationship describing related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, alone There are three situations B. In addition, the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the related objects are an "or" relationship.
在本申请的实施例中,相同的附图标记表示相同的部件,并且为了简洁,在不同实施例中,省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解,附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸,以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明,而不应对本申请构成任何限定。In the embodiments of the present application, the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of simplicity, detailed descriptions of the same components in different embodiments are omitted. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of various components in the embodiments of the present application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are only illustrative illustrations and should not constitute any limitation to the present application. .
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。"Plural" appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
本申请中,电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等,本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆主体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等,本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种:柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体,本申请实施例对此也不限定。In this application, the battery cells may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application. The battery cells may be in the shape of a round body, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如,本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。The battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity. For example, the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack. Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
为了满足不同的电力需求,电池可以包括多个电池单体,其中,多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联,混联是指串联和并联的混合。可选地,多个电池单 体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块,多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说,多个电池单体可以直接组成电池,也可以先组成电池模块,电池模块再组成电池。电池再进一步设置于用电设备中,为用电设备提供电能。In order to meet different power requirements, the battery may include multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connection. Alternatively, multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery. In other words, multiple battery cells can directly form a battery, or they can first form a battery module, and then the battery module can form a battery. The battery is further installed in the electrical equipment to provide electrical energy to the electrical equipment.
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素,例如,能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率、安全性等。电池中的缓冲件通常设置在电池单体与电池单体之间以对电池单体进行缓冲,但这种设置方式装配复杂并且不利于电池的内部空间利用率的提高。将缓冲件设置于电池单体的内部可以在一定程度上改善上述问题,但在电池单体的使用过程中,电池单体的内部积聚较多的热量,常规的缓冲件热阻较大,不利于电池单体的散热,导致电池单体的内部与电池单体的外表面之间有较大的温差。一方面,内部积聚的热量导致电池单体的温度上升,不利于电池单体的安全性的提高;另一方面,电池单体的内部与电池单体的外表面之间的温差不利于电池的充电策略的选择,影响充放电性能。由此可见,电池单体的内部设置对于电池的性能至关重要。因此,如何提供一种电池单体,以提高电池的性能是一项亟待解决的问题。The development of battery technology must consider multiple design factors at the same time, such as energy density, cycle life, discharge capacity, charge and discharge rate, safety, etc. Buffers in batteries are usually arranged between battery cells to buffer the battery cells, but this arrangement is complicated to assemble and is not conducive to improving the internal space utilization of the battery. Placing buffers inside the battery cells can improve the above problems to a certain extent. However, during the use of the battery cells, more heat accumulates inside the battery cells. Conventional buffers have large thermal resistance and cannot be used. It is beneficial to the heat dissipation of the battery cell, resulting in a large temperature difference between the interior of the battery cell and the outer surface of the battery cell. On the one hand, the heat accumulated inside causes the temperature of the battery cell to rise, which is not conducive to improving the safety of the battery cell; on the other hand, the temperature difference between the inside of the battery cell and the outer surface of the battery cell is not conducive to the improvement of the battery cell. The choice of charging strategy affects charge and discharge performance. It can be seen that the internal settings of the battery cells are crucial to the performance of the battery. Therefore, how to provide a battery cell to improve battery performance is an urgent problem to be solved.
鉴于此,本申请实施例提供一种电池单体,电池单体包括外壳,容纳于外壳中的电极组件,电解质和缓冲件。缓冲件容纳于外壳内并与电极组件连接,缓冲件用于缓冲电极组件的膨胀。由于缓冲件设置在电池单体的内部,当电池的内部空间一定时,可以将原本设置于电池中的电池单体之间的缓冲件的空间让渡给电池单体的内部空间,从而可以提高电池的空间利用率。缓冲件的内部设置有空腔,空腔与电解质隔离,这样,缓冲件内的空腔可以为电极组件提供变形的空间,有利于提高电池单体的重量能量密度,减小空腔与电极组件或外壳之间的温差。因此,本申请实施例的技术方案可以提高电池的性能。In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, which includes a casing, an electrode assembly accommodated in the casing, an electrolyte and a buffer. The buffer member is accommodated in the housing and connected to the electrode assembly. The buffer member is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly. Since the buffer members are arranged inside the battery cells, when the internal space of the battery is constant, the space of the buffer members originally provided between the battery cells in the battery can be transferred to the internal space of the battery cells, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery cells. Battery space utilization. A cavity is provided inside the buffer, and the cavity is isolated from the electrolyte. In this way, the cavity in the buffer can provide a space for the electrode assembly to deform, which is beneficial to improving the weight energy density of the battery cell and reducing the distance between the cavity and the electrode assembly. or the temperature difference between enclosures. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve battery performance.
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的装置,例如,手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等,例如,航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are applicable to various devices using batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc., for example, spacecraft include Airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.
应理解,本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备,还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备,但为描述简洁,下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。It should be understood that the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the devices described above, but can also be applied to all devices using batteries. However, for the sake of simplicity, the following embodiments take electric vehicles as examples for description.
例如,如图1所示,为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图,车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车,新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力 汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40,控制器30以及电池10,控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如,在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电,例如,电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源,用于车辆1的电路系统,例如,用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中,电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源,还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源,替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。For example, as shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application. The vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle. The new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a new energy vehicle. Extended range vehicles, etc. A motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1 . The controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to provide power to the motor 40 . For example, the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1 . The battery 10 can be used to supply power to the vehicle 1 . For example, the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 and used in the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation, and operation of the vehicle 1 . In another embodiment of the present application, the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source of the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
为了满足不同的使用电力需求,电池10可以包括多个电池单体。例如,如图2所示,为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图,电池10可以包括多个电池单体20。电池10还可以包括箱体11,箱体11内部为中空结构,多个电池单体20容纳于箱体11内。例如,多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于箱体11内。In order to meet different power usage requirements, the battery 10 may include multiple battery cells. For example, as shown in FIG. 2 , it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application. The battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 . The battery 10 may also include a box 11. The inside of the box 11 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box 11. For example, a plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in parallel or in series or in a mixed combination and then placed in the box 11 .
可选地,电池10还可以包括其他结构,在此不再一一赘述。例如,该电池10还可以包括汇流部件,汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接,例如并联或串联或混联。具体地,汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地,汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。可选地,导电机构也可属于汇流部件。Optionally, the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be described in detail here. For example, the battery 10 may further include a bus component, which is used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection, or mixed connection. Specifically, the bus component can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 . Furthermore, the bus part may be fixed to the electrode terminal of the battery cell 20 by welding. The electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the box through the conductive mechanism. Alternatively, the electrically conductive means can also be part of the busbar.
根据不同的电力需求,电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池10中包括的电池单体20的数量可能较多,为了便于安装,可以将电池单体20分组设置,每组电池单体20组成电池模块。电池模块中包括的电池单体20的数量不限,可以根据需求设置。电池可以包括多个电池模块,这些电池模块可通过串联、并联或混联的方式进行连接。According to different power requirements, the number of battery cells 20 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed connection to achieve larger capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 20 included in each battery 10 may be large, in order to facilitate installation, the battery cells 20 may be arranged in groups, and each group of battery cells 20 forms a battery module. The number of battery cells 20 included in the battery module is not limited and can be set according to requirements. The battery may include multiple battery modules, which may be connected in series, parallel or mixed connection.
图3为本申请一实施例的电池单体的结构示意图,图4为图3中的电池单体沿A-A方向的截面图。结合图3和图4所示,在本申请一实施例中,电池单体20包括外壳21,电解质,电极组件22和缓冲件25。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell in FIG. 3 along the direction A-A. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , in an embodiment of the present application, the battery cell 20 includes a casing 21 , an electrolyte, an electrode assembly 22 and a buffer 25 .
在电池单体20中,外壳21用于容纳电解质,电极组件22和缓冲件25。外壳21根据一个或多个电极组件22组合后的形状而定,例如,外壳21可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体。In the battery cell 20, the casing 21 is used to accommodate the electrolyte, the electrode assembly 22 and the buffer member 25. The shell 21 is determined according to the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 22. For example, the shell 21 can be a hollow rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or a cylinder.
电极组件22可以由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体20主要依靠金 属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。其中,隔膜用于隔离正极片和负极片,隔膜的材质可以为聚丙烯或聚乙烯等。The electrode assembly 22 may be composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separation film. The battery cell 20 mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work. Among them, the separator is used to isolate the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and the material of the separator can be polypropylene or polyethylene.
正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层,正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面,未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体,未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例,正极集流体的材料可以为铝,正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。The positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector. The current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer. The current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab. Taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层,负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面,未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体,未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜,负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断,正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起,负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。The negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector. The current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer. The current collector coated with the negative active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab. The material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon. In order to ensure that large currents can pass through without melting, the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
电极组件22可以是卷绕式结构,也可以是叠片式结构,本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。The electrode assembly 22 may have a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
在电池单体20中,根据实际使用需求,电极组件22可设置为单个,或多个,如图3所示,电池单体20内设置有2个独立的电极组件22。In the battery cell 20 , the electrode assembly 22 may be provided as a single or multiple electrode components according to actual usage requirements. As shown in FIG. 3 , the battery cell 20 is provided with two independent electrode assemblies 22 .
电解质设置于外壳21的内部,在正极片和负极片之间起到传到离子的作用。电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或全固态的,本申请对电解质的种类没有具体地限制,可根据需求进行选择。The electrolyte is disposed inside the casing 21 and plays a role in transmitting ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. The electrolyte can be liquid, gel or solid. This application does not specifically limit the type of electrolyte, and can be selected according to needs.
缓冲件25容纳于外壳21内并与电极组件22连接。其中,缓冲件25可以直接与电极组件22连接,也可以间接与电极组件22连接。由于缓冲件25设置在电池单体20的内部,当电池10的内部空间一定时,可以将原本设置于电池10中的电池单体20之间的缓冲件25的空间让渡给电池单体20的内部空间,从而可以提高电池10的空间利用率。The buffer member 25 is accommodated in the housing 21 and connected to the electrode assembly 22 . The buffer member 25 can be directly connected to the electrode assembly 22 or indirectly connected to the electrode assembly 22 . Since the buffer member 25 is disposed inside the battery cell 20 , when the internal space of the battery 10 is constant, the space of the buffer member 25 originally provided between the battery cells 20 in the battery 10 can be transferred to the battery cells 20 internal space, thereby improving the space utilization of the battery 10.
缓冲件25的内部设置有空腔251,空腔251与电解质隔离。缓冲件25内的空腔251在受到外力的作用时,可以发生弹性变形,例如,空腔251在受到压力后,可以压缩。一方面,缓冲件25内的空腔251可以为电极组件22的膨胀提供空间;另一方面,空腔251的设置,有利于减少缓冲件25的重量,从而有利于提高电池单体20的重量能量密度;再一方面,空腔251的设置,有利于减小缓冲件25的热阻,从而有利于减小空腔251与电极组件22或外壳21的温差。A cavity 251 is provided inside the buffer member 25, and the cavity 251 is isolated from the electrolyte. The cavity 251 in the buffer member 25 can be elastically deformed when acted upon by an external force. For example, the cavity 251 can be compressed after being subjected to pressure. On the one hand, the cavity 251 in the buffer member 25 can provide space for the expansion of the electrode assembly 22; on the other hand, the arrangement of the cavity 251 is conducive to reducing the weight of the buffer member 25, thereby helping to increase the weight of the battery cell 20. Energy density; on the other hand, the arrangement of the cavity 251 is beneficial to reducing the thermal resistance of the buffer member 25, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the cavity 251 and the electrode assembly 22 or the shell 21.
缓冲件25用于缓冲电极组件22的膨胀。电极组件22在膨胀时会向缓冲件25施加压力,缓冲件25在压缩后会向电极组件22施加一个反向的压力。由于缓冲件25的作用,电极组件22的与缓冲件25接触或连接的表面整体上受力可以处于一个合适的范围,有利于实现电极组件22的膨胀力的均匀释放。The buffer member 25 is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly 22 . When the electrode assembly 22 expands, it will exert pressure on the buffering member 25 , and after being compressed, the buffering member 25 will exert a reverse pressure on the electrode assembly 22 . Due to the function of the buffer member 25, the overall force on the surface of the electrode assembly 22 that is in contact with or connected to the buffer member 25 can be in an appropriate range, which is beneficial to achieving a uniform release of the expansion force of the electrode assembly 22.
缓冲件25的形状可以为长方体形或与电极组件22相适配的形状,本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。The shape of the buffer member 25 may be a rectangular parallelepiped or a shape adapted to the electrode assembly 22 , which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体20,电池单体20包括外壳21,容纳于外壳21中的电极组件22,电解质和缓冲件25。缓冲件25容纳于外壳21内并与电极组件22连接,缓冲件25用于缓冲电极组件22的膨胀。由于缓冲件25设置在电池单体20的内部,当电池10的内部空间一定时,可以将原本设置于电池10中的电池单体20之间的缓冲件25的空间让渡给电池单体20的内部空间,从而可以提高电池10的空间利用率。缓冲件25的内部设置有空腔251,空腔251与电解质隔离,这样,缓冲件25内的空腔251可以为电极组件22提供变形的空间,提高电池单体20的重量能量密度,减小空腔251与电极组件22或外壳21的温差。因此,本申请实施例的技术方案可以提高电池10的性能。The embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20. The battery cell 20 includes a casing 21, an electrode assembly 22 accommodated in the casing 21, an electrolyte and a buffer 25. The buffer member 25 is accommodated in the housing 21 and connected to the electrode assembly 22 . The buffer member 25 is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly 22 . Since the buffer member 25 is disposed inside the battery cell 20 , when the internal space of the battery 10 is constant, the space of the buffer member 25 originally provided between the battery cells 20 in the battery 10 can be transferred to the battery cells 20 internal space, thereby improving the space utilization of the battery 10. A cavity 251 is provided inside the buffer member 25, and the cavity 251 is isolated from the electrolyte. In this way, the cavity 251 in the buffer member 25 can provide a deformation space for the electrode assembly 22, thereby increasing the weight energy density of the battery cell 20 and reducing the energy density of the battery cell 20. The temperature difference between the cavity 251 and the electrode assembly 22 or the housing 21. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve the performance of the battery 10 .
在本申请一实施例中,空腔251与外壳21的外部连通。In an embodiment of the present application, the cavity 251 is connected with the outside of the housing 21 .
壳体21的外部也可以指电池单体20的外部,也就是说,空腔251与壳体21外部的外界环境连通。The outside of the casing 21 may also refer to the outside of the battery cell 20 , that is to say, the cavity 251 is connected to the external environment outside the casing 21 .
在该实施例中,空腔251可以与外界环境进行热交换,例如,在空腔251的温度较高时,空腔251可以向外界环境散热,以降低空腔251的温度,从而可以进一步减小空腔251与电极组件22及外壳21之间的温差。In this embodiment, the cavity 251 can exchange heat with the external environment. For example, when the temperature of the cavity 251 is relatively high, the cavity 251 can dissipate heat to the external environment to reduce the temperature of the cavity 251 , thereby further reducing the temperature of the cavity 251 . The temperature difference between the cavity 251, the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21.
温差会影响电池的充放电性能。例如,温差导致低温区域和高温区域(相对于低温区域而言)的存在,对于低温区域而言,低温区域的动力学特性较差,因此低温区域需要较小的充电电流,而较小的充电电流影响电池的充电速度。Temperature differences will affect the charge and discharge performance of the battery. For example, the temperature difference leads to the existence of a low-temperature region and a high-temperature region (relative to the low-temperature region). For the low-temperature region, the dynamic characteristics of the low-temperature region are poor, so the low-temperature region requires a smaller charging current, and a smaller charging current Current affects how quickly the battery charges.
在本申请一实施例中,空腔251用于容纳流体以给电池单体20调节温度。In an embodiment of the present application, the cavity 251 is used to accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20 .
可选地,流体可以是循环流动的,以达到更好的温度调节的效果。可选地,流体可以可以为气体或液体,例如水、水和乙醇的混合液、制冷剂或者空气等。Optionally, the fluid can be circulated to achieve better temperature regulation effect. Alternatively, the fluid may be a gas or a liquid, such as water, a mixture of water and ethanol, refrigerant, or air.
在该实施例中,通过空腔251内的流体可以进一步地为空腔251以及电池单体20内部的空腔251周围的区域降温或升温,实现对空腔251及其周围区域的温度的 调节。这样,在使用热管理部件对电池单体20降温或升温的过程中,可以减小外壳21和电极组件22与空腔251之间的温差。In this embodiment, the fluid in the cavity 251 can further cool down or heat up the cavity 251 and the area around the cavity 251 inside the battery cell 20 to adjust the temperature of the cavity 251 and its surrounding area. . In this way, during the process of using the thermal management component to cool down or heat up the battery cell 20 , the temperature difference between the housing 21 and the electrode assembly 22 and the cavity 251 can be reduced.
在本申请一实施例中,缓冲件25被配置为通过空腔251中的流体的压力变化调节厚度。In an embodiment of the present application, the buffer member 25 is configured to adjust the thickness through pressure changes of the fluid in the cavity 251 .
缓冲件25的厚度可以指,沿缓冲件25的厚度方向,例如x方向,缓冲件25的尺寸。The thickness of the buffer member 25 may refer to the size of the buffer member 25 along the thickness direction of the buffer member 25, such as the x direction.
在该实施例中,可以通过对流体加压调节缓冲件25的厚度。例如,在流体压力增加的情况下,缓冲件25的沿厚度方向的尺寸变大,从而缓冲件25占据的空间变大,电极组件22与外壳21之间的间隙变小甚至电极组件22与外壳21接触。这样,有利于减小电极组件22与外壳21之间的热阻,提高散热效率,有效降低电极组件22的温度。In this embodiment, the thickness of the cushioning member 25 can be adjusted by pressurizing the fluid. For example, when the fluid pressure increases, the size of the buffer member 25 along the thickness direction becomes larger, so that the space occupied by the buffer member 25 becomes larger, the gap between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 becomes smaller, and even the gap between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 becomes smaller. 21 contacts. In this way, it is beneficial to reduce the thermal resistance between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21, improve the heat dissipation efficiency, and effectively reduce the temperature of the electrode assembly 22.
在该实施例中,也可以通过对流体降压调节缓冲件25的厚度。随着电池单体20的使用,电极组件22的尺寸相对于电池单体20的使用前期变大,电极组件22与外壳21之间的间隙变小。此时,可以通过调节流体的压力改变缓冲件25的尺寸,例如,减小流体的压力以使电极组件22和外壳21处于相互挤压的状态变为电极组件22与外壳21恰好接触的状态。In this embodiment, the thickness of the buffer member 25 can also be adjusted by reducing the pressure of the fluid. As the battery cell 20 is used, the size of the electrode assembly 22 becomes larger compared to the early use stage of the battery cell 20 , and the gap between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 becomes smaller. At this time, the size of the buffer member 25 can be changed by adjusting the pressure of the fluid, for example, reducing the pressure of the fluid so that the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 are in a state of mutual extrusion to a state where the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 are in perfect contact.
在该实施例中,通过空腔251内的流体的压力的变化可以实现对缓冲件25的厚度的调节。一方面,通过调节缓冲件25的厚度,有利于减小电极组件22与外壳21之间的热阻,提高散热效率。另一方面,可以使电极组件22的第一表面和第二表面的受力均匀、恒定,即电极组件22的第一表面和第二表面的受力相对一致,其中第一表面可以为电极组件22与缓冲件25接触的表面,第二表面为电极组件22与外壳21接触的表面;从而可以避免第一表面和第二表面中的一个悬空而导致的电极组件22的极化累积,从而可以避免极化累积导致的析锂等现象的发生,可以保证电池的安全性能,长期充放电性能,容量等。其中,第一表面的悬空可以指,第一表面未与缓冲件25接触,第二表面与外壳21接触;第二表面的悬空可以指,第二表面未与外壳21接触,第一表面与缓冲件25接触。In this embodiment, the thickness of the buffer 25 can be adjusted through changes in the pressure of the fluid within the cavity 251 . On the one hand, adjusting the thickness of the buffer member 25 can help reduce the thermal resistance between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 and improve the heat dissipation efficiency. On the other hand, the force on the first surface and the second surface of the electrode assembly 22 can be made uniform and constant, that is, the force on the first surface and the second surface of the electrode assembly 22 can be relatively consistent, where the first surface can be the electrode assembly. 22 is the surface in contact with the buffer member 25, and the second surface is the surface in contact between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21; thus, the polarization accumulation of the electrode assembly 22 caused by one of the first surface and the second surface being suspended can be avoided, so that the electrode assembly 22 can be avoided. Avoiding the occurrence of lithium precipitation and other phenomena caused by polarization accumulation can ensure the safety performance, long-term charge and discharge performance, capacity, etc. of the battery. The suspension of the first surface may mean that the first surface is not in contact with the buffer member 25 and the second surface is in contact with the housing 21; the suspension of the second surface may be that the second surface is not in contact with the housing 21 and the first surface is in contact with the buffer. Piece 25 contacts.
图5为本申请一实施例的缓冲件的结构示意图,图6为图5中的缓冲件沿B-B方向的剖面图,图7为图5中的缓冲件沿C-C方向的剖面图。在一实施例中,结合图5至图7所示,空腔251内设置有弹性支撑结构252,弹性支撑结构252用于缓冲电极 组件22的膨胀。在电池单体20的使用过程中,弹性支撑结构252的设置有利于进一步提高缓冲件25的变形能力,有利于向电极组件22提供更多的膨胀空间。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer member according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer member in FIG. 5 along the B-B direction. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer member in FIG. 5 along the C-C direction. In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 5 to 7, an elastic support structure 252 is provided in the cavity 251, and the elastic support structure 252 is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly 22. During the use of the battery cell 20 , the provision of the elastic support structure 252 is conducive to further improving the deformation ability of the buffer member 25 and is conducive to providing more expansion space for the electrode assembly 22 .
在一实施例中,弹性支撑结构252平行于缓冲件25的厚度方向。In one embodiment, the elastic support structure 252 is parallel to the thickness direction of the buffer member 25 .
弹性支撑结构252平行于缓冲件25的厚度方向,也可以说,弹性支撑结构252沿缓冲件25的厚度方向延伸。这样,便于弹性支撑结构252的安装。The elastic support structure 252 is parallel to the thickness direction of the buffer member 25 . It can also be said that the elastic support structure 252 extends along the thickness direction of the buffer member 25 . In this way, the installation of the elastic support structure 252 is facilitated.
可选地,空腔251内设置有多个弹性支撑结构252。多个弹性支撑结构252可以沿电池单体20的高度方向,例如图中的z方向,按一定间隔分布。Optionally, multiple elastic support structures 252 are provided in the cavity 251 . The plurality of elastic support structures 252 may be distributed at certain intervals along the height direction of the battery cell 20 , such as the z direction in the figure.
可选地,多个弹性支撑结构252彼此平行设置。可选地,多个弹性支撑结构252也可以成一定角度彼此连接。弹性支撑结构252的排布方式可以根据实际需要具体设置,本申请对此不作具体限制。Optionally, multiple elastic support structures 252 are arranged parallel to each other. Optionally, multiple elastic support structures 252 may also be connected to each other at a certain angle. The arrangement of the elastic support structure 252 can be specifically set according to actual needs, and this application does not impose specific restrictions on this.
在一实施例中,弹性支撑结构252包括弹性支撑柱或弹性支撑板。这样,弹性支撑结构252的结构简单,便于加工。In one embodiment, the elastic support structure 252 includes elastic support columns or elastic support plates. In this way, the elastic support structure 252 has a simple structure and is easy to process.
在一实施例中,弹性支撑结构252为金属弹性支撑结构或聚合物弹性支撑结构。这样,便于根据实际需要灵活选择弹性支撑结构的类型。In one embodiment, the elastic support structure 252 is a metal elastic support structure or a polymer elastic support structure. In this way, it is convenient to flexibly select the type of elastic support structure according to actual needs.
聚合物弹性支撑结构的材料为聚合物,也可称为高分子化合物,例如聚丙烯。在本申请实施例中,弹性支撑结构252也可以由其他可以弹性变形的高分子化合物制得,在此不作具体限制。The material of the polymer elastic support structure is a polymer, which can also be called a polymer compound, such as polypropylene. In the embodiment of the present application, the elastic support structure 252 can also be made of other elastically deformable polymer compounds, and is not specifically limited here.
可选地,弹性支撑结构252也可以由其他具有弹性的材料制成,只要可以实现弹性支撑结构252的弹性变形即可。Optionally, the elastic support structure 252 can also be made of other elastic materials, as long as the elastic deformation of the elastic support structure 252 can be achieved.
在一实施例中,外壳21包括壳体211和端盖212,壳体211具有开口并用于容纳电极组件22,端盖212用于盖合开口;其中,缓冲件25的朝向端盖212的表面设置有进出口253,空腔251通过进出口253与外壳21的外部连通。In one embodiment, the housing 21 includes a housing 211 and an end cover 212. The housing 211 has an opening and is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22. The end cover 212 is used to cover the opening; wherein, the surface of the buffer member 25 facing the end cover 212 An inlet and outlet 253 is provided, through which the cavity 251 communicates with the outside of the housing 21 .
壳体211的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件22可以放置于壳体211内。例如,当壳体211为中空的长方体或正方体时,壳体211的其中一个平面为开口面,即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。当壳体211可以为中空的圆柱体时,壳体211的端面为开口面,即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。端盖212覆盖开口并且与壳体211连接,以形成放置电极组件22的封闭的腔体。One face of the housing 211 has an opening so that one or more electrode assemblies 22 can be placed within the housing 211 . For example, when the housing 211 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped or a cube, one of the planes of the housing 211 is an opening surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 211 are connected. When the housing 211 can be a hollow cylinder, the end surface of the housing 211 is an open surface, that is, the end surface does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 211 are connected. The end cap 212 covers the opening and is connected with the housing 211 to form a closed cavity in which the electrode assembly 22 is placed.
可选地,壳体211的其中两个面具有开口。例如,壳体211具有相对设置的两个开口,两个端盖分别用于盖合该两个开口。Optionally, two of the faces of the housing 211 have openings. For example, the housing 211 has two opposite openings, and two end caps are respectively used to cover the two openings.
端盖212上可以设置有电极端子214,电极端子214分别为正电极端子214a和负电极端子214b。端盖212通常是平板形状,两个电极端子214固定在端盖212的平板面上。每个电极端子214可以各对应设置一个连接构件,连接构件位于端盖212与电极组件22之间,用于将电极组件22和电极端子214实现电连接。The end cap 212 may be provided with electrode terminals 214, which are respectively a positive electrode terminal 214a and a negative electrode terminal 214b. The end cap 212 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and the two electrode terminals 214 are fixed on the flat surface of the end cap 212 . Each electrode terminal 214 may be provided with a corresponding connecting member. The connecting member is located between the end cover 212 and the electrode assembly 22 and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 214 .
在该实施例中,缓冲件25的朝向端盖212的表面设置有进出口253,空腔251通过进出口253与外壳21的外部连通。这样,通过缓冲件25的进出口253的设置实现了缓冲件25的空腔251与外壳21的外部的连通。In this embodiment, the surface of the buffer member 25 facing the end cover 212 is provided with an inlet and outlet 253, and the cavity 251 communicates with the outside of the housing 21 through the inlet and outlet 253. In this way, the communication between the cavity 251 of the buffer member 25 and the outside of the housing 21 is achieved through the arrangement of the inlet and outlet 253 of the buffer member 25 .
在一实施例中,端盖212设置有与进出口253对应的连接口2121,进出口253通过连接口2121与外壳21的外部连通。这样,通过在端盖212上设置与进出口253对应的连接口2121,不需要额外设置管道以连接进出口253和连接口2121,该电池单体20的结构简单,便于生产和组装。In one embodiment, the end cover 212 is provided with a connection port 2121 corresponding to the inlet and outlet 253, and the inlet and outlet 253 communicates with the outside of the housing 21 through the connection port 2121. In this way, by providing the connection port 2121 corresponding to the inlet and outlet 253 on the end cover 212, there is no need to provide additional pipes to connect the inlet and outlet 253 and the connection port 2121. The battery cell 20 has a simple structure and is easy to produce and assemble.
在一实施例中,进出口253包括进口2531和出口2532,流体通过进口2531进入缓冲件25的空腔251,通过出口2532流出缓冲件25的空腔251。这样,通过进口2531和出口2532的设置,便于实现空腔251内的流体的循环流动,有利于提高热交换的效率。In one embodiment, the inlet and outlet 253 includes an inlet 2531 and an outlet 2532. The fluid enters the cavity 251 of the buffer member 25 through the inlet 2531, and flows out of the cavity 251 of the buffer member 25 through the outlet 2532. In this way, the arrangement of the inlet 2531 and the outlet 2532 facilitates the circulation of fluid in the cavity 251 and helps improve the efficiency of heat exchange.
可选地,进口2531和出口2532的形状和大小可以根据实际需求具体设置,本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。Optionally, the shape and size of the inlet 2531 and the outlet 2532 can be specifically set according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present application does not impose specific restrictions on this.
在一实施例中,沿缓冲件25的厚度方向,缓冲件25的尺寸与电池单体20的尺寸之比为1%~20%。In one embodiment, along the thickness direction of the buffer member 25 , the ratio of the size of the buffer member 25 to the size of the battery cells 20 is 1% to 20%.
沿缓冲件25的厚度方向,缓冲件25的尺寸可以为L1,电池单体20的尺寸为L2。当L1与L2的比值小于1%时,缓冲件25的厚度过小,难以实现缓冲件25的缓冲作用;当当L1与L2的比值大于20%时,缓冲件25的厚度过大,占据较多的空间,不利于电池单体20的空间利用率的提升以及体积能量密度的增加。Along the thickness direction of the buffer member 25, the size of the buffer member 25 may be L1, and the size of the battery cell 20 may be L2. When the ratio of L1 to L2 is less than 1%, the thickness of the buffer 25 is too small and it is difficult to realize the buffering effect of the buffer 25; when the ratio of L1 to L2 is greater than 20%, the thickness of the buffer 25 is too large and occupies more space. space, which is not conducive to improving the space utilization of the battery cell 20 and increasing the volumetric energy density.
在该实施例中,沿缓冲件25的厚度方向,缓冲件25的尺寸与电池单体20的尺寸之比为1%~20%,便于兼顾缓冲件25的缓冲作用和电池单体20的空间利用率。In this embodiment, along the thickness direction of the buffer member 25 , the ratio of the size of the buffer member 25 to the size of the battery cell 20 is 1% to 20%, which facilitates balancing the buffering effect of the buffer member 25 and the space of the battery cell 20 Utilization.
可选地,缓冲件25的尺寸L1与电池单体20的尺寸L2之比为5%~10%。Optionally, the ratio of the size L1 of the buffer member 25 to the size L2 of the battery cell 20 is 5% to 10%.
可选地,L1与L2的比值可以根据实际情况具体设置。Optionally, the ratio of L1 to L2 can be specifically set according to the actual situation.
在一实施例中,电池单体20包括多个电极组件22,缓冲件25设置于相邻的电极组件22之间。这样,便于对电极组件22进行降温或升温,有利于减小电极组件 22与外壳21之间的温差。In one embodiment, the battery cell 20 includes a plurality of electrode assemblies 22 , and the buffer members 25 are disposed between adjacent electrode assemblies 22 . In this way, it is convenient to cool down or heat up the electrode assembly 22, and it is beneficial to reduce the temperature difference between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21.
可选地,电极组件22与外壳21之间还设置有缓冲件25,这样,有利于进一步减小电极组件22与外壳21之间的温差,以及提高对电池单体20的升温或降温速率。Optionally, a buffer member 25 is also provided between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 , which is beneficial to further reducing the temperature difference between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21 and increasing the heating or cooling rate of the battery cell 20 .
在一实施例中,缓冲件25为铝制缓冲件、铝合金缓冲件或聚合物缓冲件。这样,便于根据实际需求灵活选择缓冲件25的类型。In one embodiment, the buffer member 25 is an aluminum buffer member, an aluminum alloy buffer member or a polymer buffer member. In this way, it is convenient to flexibly select the type of buffer member 25 according to actual needs.
缓冲件25为聚合物缓冲件,可以指,缓冲件25的材料为聚合物(或高分子化合物),例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯等。本申请实施例对聚合物的具体类型不作具体限制,只要可以实现缓冲件25的缓冲作用以及隔离电解液的作用即可。The buffer member 25 is a polymer buffer member, which may mean that the material of the buffer member 25 is a polymer (or polymer compound), such as polypropylene, polyethylene, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not place specific restrictions on the specific type of polymer, as long as the buffering member 25 can achieve the buffering function and the function of isolating the electrolyte.
可选地,缓冲件25为铝制缓冲件,这样,缓冲件25可以具有较好的导热性能。可选地,缓冲件25也可以由其他导热性能优异,并且不吸收电解液的材料制成。Optionally, the buffer member 25 is an aluminum buffer member, so that the buffer member 25 can have better thermal conductivity. Alternatively, the buffer member 25 can also be made of other materials that have excellent thermal conductivity and do not absorb electrolyte.
图8为本申请一实施例的电极组件的结构示意图。在一实施例中,如图8所示,电极组件22的侧面包括平面部27,缓冲件25与平面部27连接。Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8 , the side surface of the electrode assembly 22 includes a planar portion 27 , and the buffer member 25 is connected to the planar portion 27 .
电极组件22包括侧面和端面。例如,电极组件22包括两个端面,该两个端面相对设置且平行于端盖212,电极组件22的侧面分别与两个端面连接。 Electrode assembly 22 includes side surfaces and end surfaces. For example, the electrode assembly 22 includes two end surfaces that are opposite to each other and parallel to the end cover 212 , and the side surfaces of the electrode assembly 22 are respectively connected to the two end surfaces.
图8示出了一种电极组件22的截面示意图,电极组件22可以包括平面部27和曲面部28,平面部27与曲面部28相互连接形成电极组件22,该电极组件22可以为卷绕式结构。Figure 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrode assembly 22. The electrode assembly 22 may include a planar portion 27 and a curved portion 28. The planar portion 27 and the curved portion 28 are connected to each other to form the electrode assembly 22. The electrode assembly 22 may be rolled. structure.
可选地,电极组件22也可以不包括曲面部,只有平面部,本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。Alternatively, the electrode assembly 22 may not include a curved portion, but only a planar portion, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
在该实施例中,平面部27与电极组件22连接,从而便于实现缓冲件25与电极组件22之间的连接。In this embodiment, the flat portion 27 is connected to the electrode assembly 22 to facilitate the connection between the buffer member 25 and the electrode assembly 22 .
在一实施例中,平面部27为电极组件22的面积最大的表面。这样,有利于实现电极组件22的膨胀力的均匀释放,同时有利于增加电极组件22与缓冲件25之间的换热面积,可以提高空腔251内的流体与电极组件22之间的热交换效率,例如可以提高电池单体20内部的散热效率。In one embodiment, the planar portion 27 is the largest surface of the electrode assembly 22 . In this way, it is beneficial to realize the uniform release of the expansion force of the electrode assembly 22, and at the same time, it is beneficial to increase the heat exchange area between the electrode assembly 22 and the buffer member 25, and can improve the heat exchange between the fluid in the cavity 251 and the electrode assembly 22. Efficiency, for example, can improve the heat dissipation efficiency inside the battery cell 20 .
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20,该电池单体20包括外壳21,容纳于外壳21中的电极组件22,电解质和缓冲件25。缓冲件25容纳于外壳21内并与电极组件22连接,缓冲件25用于缓冲电极组件22的膨胀,缓冲件25的内部设置有空腔251, 空腔251与电解质隔离并与壳体21的外部连通,该空腔251用于容纳流体以给电池单体20调节温度。缓冲件25内的空腔251可以为电极组件22提供变形的空间,提高电池单体20的重量能量密度,减小空腔251与电极组件22或外壳21的温差。因此,本申请实施例的技术方案可以提高电池10的性能。The embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20 , which includes a casing 21 , an electrode assembly 22 accommodated in the casing 21 , an electrolyte and a buffer 25 . The buffer member 25 is accommodated in the housing 21 and connected to the electrode assembly 22. The buffer member 25 is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly 22. A cavity 251 is provided inside the buffer member 25. The cavity 251 is isolated from the electrolyte and is separated from the shell 21. Connected to the outside, the cavity 251 is used to contain fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20 . The cavity 251 in the buffer member 25 can provide space for the electrode assembly 22 to deform, improve the weight energy density of the battery cell 20 , and reduce the temperature difference between the cavity 251 and the electrode assembly 22 or the housing 21 . Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve the performance of the battery 10 .
应理解,本申请各实施例中相关的部分可以相互参考,为了简洁不再赘述。It should be understood that relevant parts in the various embodiments of the present application may be referred to each other and will not be described again for the sake of brevity.
本申请实施例提供了一种电池10,包括:上述实施例中的任一项的电池单体20;和箱体11,箱体11用于容纳电池单体20。The embodiment of the present application provides a battery 10, including: the battery cell 20 of any one of the above embodiments; and a box 11, the box 11 is used to accommodate the battery cell 20.
本申请实施例提供了一种用电设备,包括:本申请实施例中的电池10,电池10用于向所述用电设备提供电能。The embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including: the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application. The battery 10 is used to provide electric energy to the electrical device.
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述,但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下,可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是,只要不存在结构冲突,各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例,而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。While the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for components thereof without departing from the scope of the application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (18)
- 一种电池单体(20),其特征在于,包括:A battery cell (20), characterized by including:外壳(21);Shell(21);电解质;electrolytes;电极组件(22),所述电极组件(22)和所述电解质容纳于所述外壳(21);An electrode assembly (22), the electrode assembly (22) and the electrolyte are contained in the housing (21);缓冲件(25),所述缓冲件(25)容纳于所述外壳(21)并与所述电极组件(22)连接,所述缓冲件(25)的内部设置有空腔(251),所述空腔(251)与所述电解质隔离,所述缓冲件(25)用于缓冲所述电极组件(22)的膨胀。Buffering member (25). The buffering member (25) is accommodated in the housing (21) and connected to the electrode assembly (22). A cavity (251) is provided inside the buffering member (25), so The cavity (251) is isolated from the electrolyte, and the buffer member (25) is used to buffer the expansion of the electrode assembly (22).
- 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述空腔(251)与所述外壳(21)的外部连通。The battery cell (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity (251) is connected to the outside of the housing (21).
- 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述空腔(251)用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体(20)调节温度。The battery cell (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity (251) is used to accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell (20).
- 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述缓冲件(25)被配置为通过所述空腔(251)中的流体的压力变化调节厚度。The battery cell (20) according to claim 3, characterized in that the buffer (25) is configured to adjust the thickness by pressure changes of the fluid in the cavity (251).
- 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述空腔(251)内设置有弹性支撑结构(252),所述弹性支撑结构(252)用于缓冲所述电极组件(22)的膨胀。The battery cell (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that an elastic support structure (252) is provided in the cavity (251), and the elastic support structure (252) is used to buffer the electrode assembly. expansion of (22).
- 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述弹性支撑结构(252)平行于所述缓冲件(25)的厚度方向。The battery cell (20) according to claim 5, characterized in that the elastic support structure (252) is parallel to the thickness direction of the buffer member (25).
- 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述弹性支撑结构(252)包括弹性支撑柱或弹性支撑板。The battery cell (20) according to claim 5, characterized in that the elastic support structure (252) includes an elastic support column or an elastic support plate.
- 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述弹性支撑结构(252)为金属弹性支撑结构或聚合物弹性支撑结构。The battery cell (20) according to claim 5, characterized in that the elastic support structure (252) is a metal elastic support structure or a polymer elastic support structure.
- 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述外壳(21)包括壳体(211)和端盖(212),所述壳体(211)具有开口并用于容纳所述电极组件(22),所述端盖(212)用于盖合所述开口;The battery cell (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the outer casing (21) includes a housing (211) and an end cover (212), and the housing (211) It has an opening and is used to accommodate the electrode assembly (22), and the end cover (212) is used to cover the opening;其中,所述缓冲件(25)的朝向所述端盖(212)的表面设置有进出口(253),所述空腔(251)通过所述进出口(253)与所述外壳(21)的外部连通。Wherein, the surface of the buffer member (25) facing the end cover (212) is provided with an inlet and outlet (253), and the cavity (251) communicates with the shell (21) through the inlet and outlet (253). external connectivity.
- 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述端盖(212)设置有与所 述进出口(253)对应的连接口(2121),所述进出口(253)通过所述连接口(2121)与所述外壳(21)的外部连通。The battery cell (20) according to claim 9, characterized in that the end cover (212) is provided with a connection port (2121) corresponding to the inlet and outlet (253), and the inlet and outlet (253) It communicates with the outside of the housing (21) through the connection port (2121).
- 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述进出口(253)包括进口(2531)和出口(2532),流体通过所述进口(2531)进入所述空腔(251),通过所述出口(2532)流出所述空腔(251)。The battery cell (20) according to claim 9, wherein the inlet and outlet (253) includes an inlet (2531) and an outlet (2532), and fluid enters the cavity (2531) through the inlet (2531). 251), out of the cavity (251) through the outlet (2532).
- 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,沿所述缓冲件(25)的厚度方向,所述缓冲件(25)的尺寸与所述电池单体(20)的尺寸之比为1%~20%。The battery cell (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, along the thickness direction of the buffer member (25), the size of the buffer member (25) is consistent with the size of the battery cell. The size ratio of the body (20) is 1% to 20%.
- 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述电池单体(20)包括多个所述电极组件(22),所述缓冲件(25)设置于相邻的所述电极组件(22)之间。The battery cell (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the battery cell (20) includes a plurality of the electrode assemblies (22), and the buffer member (25) Disposed between adjacent electrode assemblies (22).
- 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述缓冲件(25)为铝制缓冲件、铝合金缓冲件或聚合物缓冲件。The battery cell (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the buffer member (25) is an aluminum buffer member, an aluminum alloy buffer member or a polymer buffer member.
- 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述电极组件(22)的侧面包括平面部(27),所述缓冲件(25)与所述平面部(27)连接。The battery cell (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the side surface of the electrode assembly (22) includes a planar portion (27), and the buffer member (25) and the The flat part (27) is connected.
- 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体(20),其特征在于,所述平面部(27)为所述电极组件(22)的面积最大的表面。The battery cell (20) according to claim 15, wherein the planar portion (27) is the largest surface of the electrode assembly (22).
- 一种电池(10),其特征在于,包括:A battery (10), characterized by including:根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述电池单体(20);The battery cell (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 16;箱体(11),所述箱体(11)用于容纳所述电池单体(20)。A box (11) is used to accommodate the battery cell (20).
- 一种用电设备,其特征在于,包括:根据权利要求17所述的电池(10),所述电池(10)用于向所述用电设备提供电能。An electric device, characterized by comprising: the battery (10) according to claim 17, the battery (10) being used to provide electric energy to the electric device.
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CN114730963A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-07-08 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrochemical device and electronic device including the same |
-
2022
- 2022-07-27 CN CN202221954778.2U patent/CN217562707U/en active Active
- 2022-09-13 CN CN202280062035.0A patent/CN117941126A/en active Pending
- 2022-09-13 WO PCT/CN2022/118501 patent/WO2024021248A1/en active Application Filing
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CN109860693A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-06-07 | 湖南妙盛汽车电源有限公司 | A kind of lithium-ion-power cell |
CN207743363U (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-08-17 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery case with built-in water-cooling channel |
CN114730963A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-07-08 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrochemical device and electronic device including the same |
CN216084979U (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-03-18 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery monomer, battery and power consumption device |
CN216750201U (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-06-14 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery and power consumption device |
CN114069167A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-02-18 | 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司 | Secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and electric device |
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CN117941126A (en) | 2024-04-26 |
CN217562707U (en) | 2022-10-11 |
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