WO2024021052A1 - Appareil de test de performance d'atomisation de carburant - Google Patents

Appareil de test de performance d'atomisation de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024021052A1
WO2024021052A1 PCT/CN2022/109072 CN2022109072W WO2024021052A1 WO 2024021052 A1 WO2024021052 A1 WO 2024021052A1 CN 2022109072 W CN2022109072 W CN 2022109072W WO 2024021052 A1 WO2024021052 A1 WO 2024021052A1
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atomization
image
fuel
field
grayscale
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PCT/CN2022/109072
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Chinese (zh)
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刘子钰
杨晓奕
顾骁宇
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北京航空航天大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
    • G06T7/62—Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10004—Still image; Photographic image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of fuel performance testing, and in particular to a fuel atomization performance testing device.
  • the atomization quality of fuel determines its combustion efficiency, flame temperature distribution, emission indicators, etc., which directly affects the safety, performance and emission requirements of the engine.
  • aviation alternative fuels Taking aviation alternative fuels as an example, the "ready-to-use" nature of aviation alternative fuels requires that the structure and operating performance of aviation engines are not changed, and the safety, performance and emission requirements of the alternative fuels are not reduced. How to certify the "ready-to-use" atomization performance of aviation alternative fuels requires accurate evaluation of their atomization performance.
  • the aviation fuel atomization process forms a huge number of atomized droplets. Not only does the injection speed be high and the particle size distribution is wide, but the size and speed of the droplets will further change due to evaporation, collision, adhesion, etc. How to use the fuel in the fuel atomization process? Achieving accurate measurement of the fuel atomization effect when the atomization field changes rapidly is a problem that needs to be solved.
  • This application provides a fuel atomization performance testing device to solve the problem of achieving accurate measurement of the fuel atomization effect when the fuel atomization field changes rapidly.
  • a fuel atomization performance testing device including: a fuel spray unit, a first atomization parameter acquisition unit corresponding to primary atomization, and a second atomization parameter acquisition unit corresponding to secondary atomization;
  • the fuel spray unit is used to spray the fuel to be tested to form a first atomization field and a second atomization field, wherein the second atomization field is composed of a second form of fuel, and the second form of fuel is composed of the The first form of fuel in the first atomization field is formed after fragmentation;
  • the first fog parameter acquisition unit includes a first fog field image acquisition sub-unit and a first fog parameter test sub-unit.
  • the first fog field image acquisition sub-unit is used to acquire light passing through the first fog field image acquisition sub-unit.
  • the first atomization field image corresponding to the atomization field, the first atomization field image includes the shadow image corresponding to the first form of fuel;
  • the first atomization parameter testing subunit is used to determine the first atomization field image based on the first atomization field image. Perform image processing and data processing on a fog field image to obtain the first fog parameters;
  • the second atomization parameter acquisition unit is used to detect the second form of fuel in the second atomization field and obtain the second atomization parameter of the second form of fuel.
  • the first fog field image acquisition subunit includes a light source that illuminates the first fog field, a concave reflector, and an image capture device, and the fog field is disposed on the concave reflector.
  • the light source is used to illuminate the first atomization field and form reflected light reflected by the concave reflector to the image capture device.
  • the image capture device uses The reflected light is captured to form the first atomization field image including a shadow image corresponding to the first form of fuel.
  • performing image processing and data processing based on the first fog field image to obtain the first fog parameters includes:
  • Data processing is performed based on the grayscale image to obtain at least one of a target value of the atomization cone angle, a target length of the atomized liquid film, and a target thickness of the atomized liquid film.
  • image extraction of the first fog field image includes:
  • a rectangular image with the nozzle axis of the nozzle of the fuel spray unit as the center line in the first atomization field image is extracted as a target image for identifying the atomization cone angle.
  • the data processing based on the grayscale image to obtain the target value of the atomization cone angle includes:
  • the grayscale values are taken along the horizontal direction at different heights in the grayscale image, and the pixels at each height whose grayscale value exceeds the threshold are determined as boundary pixels, and the left and right corresponding to each height are recorded. Boundary pixel points and right boundary pixel points, and obtain position information corresponding to the left boundary pixel point and position information corresponding to the right boundary pixel point;
  • performing data processing based on the grayscale image to obtain the target length of the atomized liquid film and the target thickness of the atomized liquid film includes:
  • the grayscale value of each pixel is taken from left to right and from bottom to top, and the pixels whose grayscale value step exceeds the grayscale value step threshold in each pixel are
  • the abscissa and ordinate are respectively determined as the pixel value of the length and the pixel value of the thickness of the atomized liquid film corresponding to the grayscale image;
  • the length and thickness of the atomized liquid film corresponding to the plurality of grayscale images are averaged, and the average value is determined as the target length of the atomized liquid film and the target thickness of the atomized liquid film.
  • the target object is a spherical object with a preset diameter suspended next to the nozzle of the fuel spray unit, and the center of the spherical object is on the same optical path as the nozzle axis of the nozzle. within the normal plane.
  • the spray is a centrifugal nozzle.
  • the device further includes: a test environment maintaining unit, configured to adjust the external environment of the fuel combustion performance testing device to maintain a preset test state before testing the combustion performance of the fuel to be tested. .
  • detecting the second form of fuel in the second atomization field includes: using a laser Doppler testing method to detect the second form of fuel in the second atomization field.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a scene using a fuel atomization performance testing device to obtain the first atomization parameter provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which a fuel atomization performance testing device is used to obtain a second atomization parameter provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fuel spray unit 10 first atomization parameter acquisition unit 11 corresponding to primary atomization, second atomization parameter acquisition unit 12 corresponding to secondary atomization, first atomization field image acquisition sub-unit 111, first atomization parameter Test subunit 112, light source 1111, concave reflector 1112, image capture device 1113, preset target 1114
  • a list of items connected by the terms “at least one of,” “at least one of,” “at least one of,” or other similar terms may mean any combination of the listed items. For example, if items A and B are listed, the phrase “at least one of A or B” means only A; only B; or A and B. In another example, if the items A, B, and C are listed, then the phrase "at least one of A, B, or C” means only A; or only B; only C; A and B (excluding C); A and C (excluding B); B and C (excluding A); or all of A, B and C.
  • Item A may contain a single component or multiple components.
  • Item B may contain a single component or multiple components.
  • Item C may contain a single component or multiple components.
  • this application provides a fuel atomization performance test device. Examples are provided below to describe the device in detail.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fuel atomization performance testing device provided in this embodiment.
  • the device provided in this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • the examples involved in the following description are used to explain the principle of the method and are not intended to limit actual use.
  • the fuel atomization performance testing device includes: a fuel spray unit 10, a first atomization parameter acquisition unit 11 corresponding to primary atomization, and a second atomization parameter corresponding to secondary atomization. Get unit 12.
  • the fuel spray unit 10 is used to spray the fuel to be tested to form a first atomization field and a second atomization field, wherein the second atomization field is composed of a second form of fuel, and the second form of fuel is composed of The first form of fuel in the first atomization field is formed after fragmentation.
  • Fuel atomization is a process in which the fuel flows from the atomizing nozzle into the ambient gas at high speed and is broken into discrete droplets. This process not only includes the jet breakup process (also called primary atomization), but the broken droplets will continue to split. Fine atomized droplets (also called secondary atomization) are formed, and the atomization performance of the fuel is determined by these two processes.
  • the fuel forms a liquid film and atomization cone angle at its nozzle through the atomization nozzle (if the atomization cone angle is reduced, the length of the liquid film becomes longer, which will lead to a reduction in the combustion efficiency of the fuel).
  • the film and atomization cone angle are broken and broken into liquid filaments, liquid flakes or large droplets under the action of aerodynamic force, and then through secondary atomization, the liquid filaments, liquid flakes or large droplets formed by the above-mentioned primary atomization are further broken. into fine atomized droplets.
  • the above-mentioned first atomization parameter refers to the atomization cone angle, atomization liquid film length, atomization liquid film thickness and other parameter values in the first atomization
  • the second atomization parameter refers to the second atomization
  • the above-mentioned first form of fuel is the above-mentioned liquid film, atomization cone angle, liquid filament, liquid sheet or large droplets, etc.
  • the above-mentioned second form of fuel is the above-mentioned fine atomized liquid droplets.
  • the first fog parameter acquisition unit 11 includes a first fog field image acquisition sub-unit 111 and a first fog parameter testing sub-unit 112.
  • the first fog field image acquisition sub-unit 111 is used to acquire light passing through the first The first atomization field image corresponding to the atomization field, the first atomization field image includes the shadow image corresponding to the first form of fuel;
  • the first atomization parameter testing sub-unit 112 is used to perform image processing based on the first atomization field image Processing and data processing to obtain the first atomization parameters, such as the atomization cone angle, atomization liquid film length, and atomization liquid film thickness in one atomization.
  • the second atomization parameter acquisition unit 12 is used to detect the second form of fuel in the second atomization field and obtain the second atomization parameter of the second form of fuel, for example, measure and obtain the fine atomization liquid in the secondary atomization. Drop speed, diameter and other parameters.
  • a laser Doppler testing method can be specifically used to detect the second form of fuel in the second atomization field.
  • a phase Doppler dynamic particle analyzer (PDA) is used to measure the liquid spray.
  • the droplet size and three-dimensional velocity field are based on the pre-designed grid distribution to measure the flow field information of the velocity field, particle size and concentration field of each atomized droplet particle, for example, laser irradiation to atomization
  • the detector receives scattered light from three color beams, including green light, blue light, and violet light, and calculates the particle velocity through frequency difference, the diameter of the droplet through phase difference, and the concentration through the number of particles and droplet diameter.
  • the laser light emitted by the laser generator is divided into two parallel incident laser beams through a spectrometer. After passing through a convex lens, they intersect at the focal point of the lens to form a measurement point.
  • the measurement is caused by light scattering.
  • the interference fringes change at the point.
  • the frequency of change of the interference fringe in unit time is measured by the detector, and the droplet velocity is calculated.
  • the atomized droplet at the measurement point is calculated. diameter.
  • no less than a predetermined number of effective samples are collected at each measurement point, and the measured data are calculated and processed to obtain the particle size, particle size, and particle size of different fuels during atomization. Characteristics of droplet velocity, concentration, etc. along the spatial distribution.
  • the first fog field image acquisition sub-unit 111 includes a light source 1111 that illuminates the first fog field, a concave reflector 1112, and an image capture device 1113.
  • the fog field is disposed between the concave reflector and the image capture device.
  • the light source is used to illuminate the first atomization field to form reflected light that is reflected by the concave reflector to the image capturing device.
  • the image capturing device is used to capture the reflected light to form a shadow corresponding to the first form of fuel.
  • the first fog field image of the image can be an LED point light source with a luminous flux greater than 1000LM.
  • the diameter of the concave reflector can be 203mm and the focal length can be 800mm.
  • the image capture device can be a camera, because light will be reflected when passing through atomized liquid films and droplets. and refraction. Therefore, the image obtained by focusing the light will have shadows at the corresponding positions of the atomized liquid film and droplets. Therefore, the shadow image in the first atomized field image captured above can carry the atomization of the fuel to be measured. Performance information.
  • the above-mentioned first fog parameter testing sub-unit performs image processing and data processing based on the first fog field image to obtain the first fog parameter, which may specifically refer to:
  • image extraction is performed on the first atomization field image to obtain a target image for identifying the atomization cone angle; in this embodiment, this process specifically refers to extracting the nozzle of the fuel spray unit from the first atomization field image.
  • the rectangular image with the central axis of the nozzle as the center line is extracted as the target image for identifying the atomization cone angle.
  • convert the target image into a grayscale image for example, enlarge the target image and convert it into a grayscale image.
  • the above-mentioned data processing based on the grayscale image is used to obtain the target value of the atomization cone angle, which may specifically refer to:
  • the grayscale value is taken along the horizontal direction at different heights in the grayscale image. Since there is an obvious step at the edge of the atomized liquid film, that is, the grayscale value of the liquid film area and the grayscale value of the air area exist. There is an obvious difference, so the pixels whose gray value at the edge of the liquid film exceeds the above threshold among the pixels at each height are determined as boundary pixels, the left boundary pixels and right boundary pixels corresponding to each height are recorded, and the left boundary pixel is obtained The position information corresponding to the point and the position information corresponding to the right boundary pixel point;
  • a linear fitting is performed based on the position information corresponding to the left boundary pixel point to obtain the slope of the left boundary of the atomization cone angle, and a linear fitting is performed based on the position information corresponding to the right boundary pixel point to obtain the right slope of the atomization cone angle. the slope of the boundary;
  • the atomization cone angle values corresponding to the multiple grayscale images are averaged, and the average value is determined as the target value of the atomization cone angle.
  • multiple first fog field images can be captured through an image capture device, the Pillow image processing module in Python can be used to batch process the multiple first fog field images, and extracted from each first fog field image.
  • multiple atomization cone angle values corresponding to each grayscale image are obtained, and the average value of the multiple atomization cone angle values is calculated, This average value is used as the target value of the atomization cone angle.
  • the above-mentioned data processing based on the grayscale image is used to obtain the target length of the atomized liquid film and the target thickness of the atomized liquid film, which may specifically refer to:
  • the grayscale value step threshold is determined.
  • the median value of the grayscale value in the grayscale image is selected as the grayscale value step threshold.
  • the grayscale image take the grayscale value of each pixel from left to right and from bottom to top, and compare the abscissa and vertical coordinates of the pixels whose grayscale value exceeds the grayscale value step threshold in each pixel.
  • the coordinates are respectively determined as the pixel value of the length and the pixel value of the thickness of the atomized liquid film corresponding to the above grayscale image.
  • the pixel values of the length and thickness of the above-mentioned atomized liquid film are converted into the length and thickness of the atomized liquid film corresponding to the above-mentioned grayscale image; in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 shown.
  • the above-mentioned preset target 1114 is a spherical object with a preset diameter suspended next to the nozzle of the fuel spray unit.
  • the center of the spherical object and the nozzle axis of the nozzle are in the same normal plane of the optical path (irradiation light), so that Make the change rate of image enlargement or reduction consistent.
  • the length and thickness of the atomized liquid film corresponding to multiple grayscale images are averaged, and the average value is determined as the target length of the atomized liquid film and the target thickness of the atomized liquid film.
  • multiple first atomization field images can be captured through an image capture device, and the Pillow image processing module in Python is used to batch process the multiple first atomization field images.
  • the above-mentioned grayscale image is extracted from each first atomization field image, and after each grayscale image is processed in the above manner, the length and thickness of multiple atomized liquid films corresponding to each grayscale image are obtained.
  • the lengths and thicknesses of the plurality of atomized liquid films are averaged, and the average values are used as the target length and the target thickness of the atomized liquid film.
  • the nozzle of the above-mentioned fuel spray unit is a centrifugal nozzle.
  • the centrifugal nozzle has a simple structure and reliable operation. It has the ability to atomize fuel in the ambient atmosphere and can eliminate the influence of ambient gas flow during the atomization process. Interference in the fuel atomization process is helpful to reflect the impact of different fuel properties on atomization performance.
  • the above-mentioned fuel atomization performance testing device also includes a test environment maintaining unit, which is used to adjust the internal environment of the fuel atomization performance testing device to maintain it in a standard state (i.e., before testing the atomization performance of the fuel to be tested). Standard atmospheric conditions), and maintain the air temperature, humidity, density, and flow state unchanged, eliminating the impact of the environment on fuel atomization performance.
  • the fuel atomization performance testing device includes: a fuel spray unit, a first atomization parameter acquisition unit corresponding to primary atomization, and a second atomization parameter acquisition unit corresponding to secondary atomization; the fuel spray unit is used for The fuel to be tested is sprayed to form a first atomization field and a second atomization field, wherein the second atomization field is composed of the second form of fuel, and the second form of fuel is fragmented by the first form of fuel in the first atomization field.
  • the first fog parameter acquisition unit includes a first fog field image acquisition sub-unit and a first fog parameter test sub-unit, the first fog field image acquisition sub-unit is used to acquire light passing through the first fog field The first atomization field image corresponding to when , obtain the first atomization parameter; the second atomization parameter acquisition unit is used to detect the second form of fuel in the second atomization field, and obtain the second atomization parameter of the second form of fuel. Since the shadow image in the first atomization field image can carry the atomization performance information of the fuel to be tested, and the device can perform efficient batch processing of the first atomization field image through image processing, thereby being able to quickly analyze the fuel atomization field. Meets the demand for atomization parameter measurement under changing conditions.
  • the fuel atomization effect can be accurately measured when the fuel atomization field changes rapidly, and the atomization flow field will not be affected during the measurement process. interference.
  • using the above fuel atomization performance test device can clearly identify the difference in atomization performance between the alternative jet fuel and traditional petroleum-based jet fuel caused by the change in performance. This device not only satisfies the "ready-to-use" evaluation process of aviation alternative fuels, but also provides usage strategies for the suitability of fuels and engines.

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Abstract

La présente demande concerne un appareil de test de performance d'atomisation de carburant. Dans l'appareil, une unité de pulvérisation de carburant est utilisée pour pulvériser du carburant à tester, afin de former un premier champ d'atomisation et un second champ d'atomisation ; une première unité d'acquisition de paramètres d'atomisation comprend une première sous-unité d'acquisition d'image de champ d'atomisation et une première sous-unité de test de paramètre d'atomisation, la première sous-unité d'acquisition d'image de champ d'atomisation est utilisée pour acquérir une première image de champ d'atomisation correspondante lorsque la lumière traverse le premier champ d'atomisation, et la première image de champ d'atomisation comprend une image d'ombre correspondant à un carburant de première forme ; la première sous-unité de test de paramètre d'atomisation est utilisée pour effectuer un traitement d'image et un traitement de données sur la base de la première image de champ d'atomisation pour obtenir des premiers paramètres d'atomisation ; une seconde unité d'acquisition de paramètres d'atomisation est utilisée pour tester un carburant de seconde forme du second champ d'atomisation afin d'obtenir des seconds paramètres d'atomisation du carburant de seconde forme. A l'aide de l'appareil, une mesure précise de l'effet d'atomisation de carburant peut être mise en oeuvre lorsque les champs d'atomisation de carburant sont rapidement modifiés.
PCT/CN2022/109072 2022-07-25 2022-07-29 Appareil de test de performance d'atomisation de carburant WO2024021052A1 (fr)

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US20060225489A1 (en) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-12 Giles Durham K System and method for determining atomization characteristics of spray liquids
CN101865786A (zh) * 2010-04-30 2010-10-20 中国科学技术大学 一种用于测量低气压条件下喷雾特性的实验装置
CN202304805U (zh) * 2011-10-21 2012-07-04 中国航空动力机械研究所 喷雾锥角测量装置
CN104634279A (zh) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-20 中国科学院沈阳计算技术研究所有限公司 基于视觉的航空油雾喷嘴雾化角度自动检测装置及方法
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CN113074927A (zh) * 2021-04-01 2021-07-06 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 燃油喷嘴雾化特性综合基础试验装置及试验方法

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