WO2024018229A1 - Procédé de gestion de flux d'échappement et système de conversion pour moteurs à eau - Google Patents

Procédé de gestion de flux d'échappement et système de conversion pour moteurs à eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024018229A1
WO2024018229A1 PCT/GB2023/051931 GB2023051931W WO2024018229A1 WO 2024018229 A1 WO2024018229 A1 WO 2024018229A1 GB 2023051931 W GB2023051931 W GB 2023051931W WO 2024018229 A1 WO2024018229 A1 WO 2024018229A1
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Prior art keywords
stream
water
fuel
carbon dioxide
exhaust
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PCT/GB2023/051931
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English (en)
Inventor
Allan Brown
Original Assignee
Allan Brown
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Priority claimed from GBGB2210787.4A external-priority patent/GB202210787D0/en
Application filed by Allan Brown filed Critical Allan Brown
Publication of WO2024018229A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024018229A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/10—Nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to exhaust gas management systems for internal combustion engines. More particularly, the invention pertains to systems for the separation, capture, and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from ship engines, potentially transforming these emissions into beneficial byproducts or recyclable synthetic fuels.
  • CO2 carbon dioxide
  • the current invention presents a novel methodology and accompanying system for managing and processing a ship's engine exhaust stream.
  • This innovative approach promotes safer disposal at sea and allows for the production of synthetic fossil fuel (e.g., Syngas) or valuable byproducts such as electricity or mineral carbonates.
  • the method consolidates various advanced technologies such as on-board fuel emulsification, membrane-based separation of flue gas into water and CO2, and conversion of CO2 into mineral carbonates or synthetic fossil fuels.
  • the invention's method follows a modular design, which begins by cooling the exhaust stream via a heat exchanger. The resultant heat is then harnessed as an auxiliary power source through a Turbosteamer or thermo-electric generator. Subsequently, the cooled gas stream is passed to a hydrophobic membrane device to condense the water content.
  • Water obtained from the membrane device is directed through a computer-controlled valve that separates the water stream for various purposes. Some water is reintroduced to the engine via on-board fuel emulsification, while the remaining water is directed to a post-treatment unit to be converted into potable water.
  • the remaining gas stream once passed through the membrane, is treated to remove contaminants and then directed to a gas separation membrane unit.
  • This unit separates the stream into a CO2-rich segment and a nitrogen/oxygen-rich segment.
  • the nitrogen/oxygen-rich segment is released into the atmosphere or used in human waste treatment.
  • the CO2-rich segment is then directed to a carbon dioxide to mineral carbonates reactor.
  • the reactor generates carbonate precipitates in an aqueous solution, which can be safely disposed of at sea, providing a unique solution to offset ocean acidification.
  • An alternative embodiment of the invention presents a more sophisticated method to process the CO2-rich gas stream. Instead of direct conversion to mineral carbonates, the gas stream is passed through a stack of charged electrochemical plates. This system functions as a large, specialized battery that alternates between charging and discharging cycles. During charging, the battery absorbs CO2 from the gas stream, releasing the gas during discharging.
  • the resultant pure CO2 is further processed in a discharge-only calcium battery that prevents CO2 reform.
  • This system simultaneously generates electricity and produces calcium carbonate, which can be mechanically or chemically harvested for storage or further processing.
  • this invention is a comprehensive eight-part exhaust system: post-combustion exhaust cooling, separation of water from the gas stream using a hydrophobic membrane condenser, water recycling and treatment for various uses, reduction of pollution through SCR/s SOX scrubbers, gas stream separation into a nitrogen/oxygen-rich stream and a CO2-rich stream, conversion of CO2 into mineral carbonates via a Carbon Capture Machine (CCM), disposal of carbonate precipitates at sea to combat ocean acidification, and release of nitrogen/oxygen-rich gas stream into the atmosphere or for human waste treatment.
  • CCM Carbon Capture Machine
  • a parallel or alternative process may involve a synthetic fossil fuel reactor that transforms the CO2 gas stream.
  • An additional alternative setup may include the introduction of the CO2-rich stream to a large, specialized battery (a polyanthraquinone hybrid electrochemical cell), which alternates between charging and discharging cycles, thus absorbing and releasing CO2.
  • the purified CO2 produced is then passed to a calcium-based/CO2 discharge-only battery, which generates calcium carbonate harvested mechanically or chemically, thus providing a new system for continuous CO2 removal and beneficial byproduct generation.
  • FIG.l illustrates a block and flow diagram of an example set of steps in accordance with a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG.2 illustrates a block and flow diagram of an alternative example set of steps in accordance with a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • first means “first,” “second,” and the like are used herein to describe various features or elements, but these features or elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one feature or element from another feature or element. Thus, a first feature or element discussed below could be termed a second feature or element, and similarly, a second feature or element discussed below could be termed a first feature or element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.
  • the system consists of several interconnected components, each playing a crucial role in the processing of the engine's exhaust gas.
  • Cooling Means The system utilizes various well-known cooling mechanisms like heat exchangers, turbo steamers, and thermo-electric generators to cool down the exhaust stream from the engine.
  • Hydrophobic Membrane Condensing Device After cooling, the exhaust stream passes through a hydrophobic membrane that separates the water content from the exhaust gas due to the lower operating temperature and the hydrophobic nature of the membrane.
  • the condensed water is then directed to a computer- controlled water recycling valve.
  • This valve controls the distribution of the water to a fuel emulsification device for re-use in the engine and a post-treatment unit to produce potable water or for electrolysis.
  • the process generates hydrogen and oxygen for enhancing combustion. Any surplus water can be used for the ship's drinking water supply.
  • Gas Separation Membrane The dehydrated gases are passed through a gas separation membrane that separates the exhaust into a nitrogen and oxygen-rich stream, and a CO2 rich stream.
  • Carbon Capture and Conversion A portion of the CO2 rich stream is fed into a carbon capture machine that converts CO2 into carbonate precipitate, which can be safely disposed of at sea. Another portion is directed to a synthetic fossil fuel reactor (28), converting CO2 into usable fuel for the engine.
  • the alternative embodiment of the system differs in the treatment of the dehydrated gases. Instead of passing through the gas separation membrane, the gases are processed through a stack of charged electrochemical plates that absorb CO2 when charged and release it when discharged. The CO2-rich output is then cycled through a discharge-only calcium battery to convert CO2 into calcium carbonate.
  • FIG.l depicts a block and flow diagram illustrating the steps in a method devised according to a primary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the engine (1) drives the exhaust system (2), which then transmits the generated exhaust gas to a cooling mechanism (3).
  • This cooling means may comprise various well-understood technologies, such as heat exchangers, turbo steamers, and thermo-electric generators.
  • the exhaust stream is directed to a hydrophobic membrane condensing device (5) via a conduit (4). Owing to the membrane's hydrophobic properties and the lowered operating temperature, the water contained within the saturated gas is condensed and collected on the retentate side of the membrane module. Meanwhile, the dehydrated gases permeate through the membrane, further prevented from carrying liquid by the hydrophobic nature of the membrane.
  • the condensed water is channeled via pipe (6) to a computer-controlled water recycling valve (7).
  • This valve regulates the recycling of water in measured quantities via pipe (8) to a fuel emulsification device (9).
  • the recycled water is blended with fuel received from pipe (10).
  • the resulting emulsified fuel mixture is then conveyed via pipe (11) to a computer-controlled mixing device (12).
  • the fuel mixture is combined with controlled proportions of CO2 gas, air, recycled exhaust gas, hydrogen, and oxygen.
  • the mixed substances are then sent to the engine via pipe and injectors (13).
  • the water recycling valve (7) channels a portion of the water via pipe (30) to a Post Treatment Unit (31).
  • the water is processed into potable water through established methods, before being delivered via pipe (32) to an electrolysis device (33).
  • This device facilitates the conversion of the water into hydrogen and oxygen, which is then conveyed back to the engine's combustion chamber to boost combustion.
  • These gases are transported via pipes (34) and (35) to the computer-controlled mixing device (12) where they are combined with the fuel/EGR air mix to optimize the fuel/air mix. Any surplus water can be redirected for the ship's drinking water supply.
  • the exhaust gas from the permeate side of the membrane (5) is funneled via pipe (14) to the reduced pollution control devices (15).
  • the cleaned exhaust gas (N2, 02, CO2) is subsequently passed through a gas separation membrane (17), segregating the gas stream into a N2,O2 rich stream and a CO2 rich stream.
  • the N2,O2 rich stream is expelled to the atmosphere via pipe (18), while the CO2 rich stream is channeled via pipe (19) to a computer-controlled Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve (20).
  • This valve partitions the gas stream into an EGR stream, redirecting a portion of the CO2 via pipe (21) to serve as an oxidant in the combustion process.
  • the remaining stream is guided via pipe (22) to a computer-controlled separation valve (23) and subsequently via pipe (24) to a carbon capture machine (CCM proprietary technology) (25).
  • CCM proprietary technology CCM proprietary technology
  • This machine converts the CO2 into a calcium carbonate-based precipitate for safe disposal at sea.
  • a proportion of the CO2 from the separation valve (20) is redirected via pipe (27) to a Synthetic Fossil fuel reactor (28), which converts the CO2 into synthetic fuel.
  • This fuel is then channeled via pipe (29) to the Exhaust gas recirculation/em u Isified fuel valve (12).
  • the resultant calcium carbonate solution is safely disposed of via pipe (26).
  • the CO2 in pipe (21) is channeled to the EGR valve (12) where it is combined with air and on-board emulsified fuel.
  • the exhaust gas from the permeate side of the membrane (5) is directed via pipe (14) to the reduced pollution control devices (15).
  • the resulting pollution-free exhaust gas (N2, CO2, residual 02) is sent via pipe 16 to a gas separation membrane(17), which divides the gas stream into a N2(99%) 02(1%) rich stream and a C02 rich stream.
  • the N2O2 rich stream is passed to the atmosphere or human waste processing unit (45) via pipe (18).
  • the C02 rich stream is sent via pipe (19) to a computer-controlled Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve (20), where it is divided into an EGR stream and is sent via pipe (21) to the Exhaust gas recirculation/emulsified fuel/synthetic fuel/oxygen/hydrogen computer-controlled mixing device (12). A part of this stream is also sent via pipe (22) and the Computer controlled CO2/sodium hydroxide mixing valve (23) and pipe (24) to a CO2 to Carbonate Precipitate chemical reactor (Carbon Capture Machine) (25) for conversion into carbonate precipitate for safe disposal at sea.
  • CO2/sodium hydroxide mixing valve (23)
  • CO2 to Carbonate Precipitate chemical reactor Carbon Capture Machine
  • the Carbon Capture Machine (25) necessitates inputs of concentrated desalination brine and fresh water, which are provided by the ship's reverse osmosis plant (42). Additionally, CO2 is passed to the CCM (25) via pipe (24), and sodium hydroxide, which is stored in tank (38), is passed to the CCM (25) via pipe (39) and a computer-controlled CO2/sodium hydroxide mixing valve (23).
  • This system is designed to be retrofittable, and thus, the existing reverse osmosis plant on board the ship can still be used as the ship's drinking water supply is now provisioned by the water derived from the exhaust.
  • FIG.2 an alternative set of steps is demonstrated in a block and flow diagram, aligning with the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the extraction of water using membrane (3) and subsequent usage of water recaptured from the exhaust remain consistent with the primary embodiment, but the handling of gas introduces a variant approach.
  • the gas first traverses a stack of charged electrochemical plates (39), essentially forming a sizable, specialized battery.
  • This battery functions to absorb carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream that sweeps over its electrodes during the charging phase, and releases the gas when discharged.
  • the device continuously alternates between charging and discharging phases, propelling feed gas through the system during the charging cycle, and ejecting pure, concentrated carbon dioxide during discharging.
  • the gas stream is partitioned by valve (53) and directed via separation pipes (54) to two hybrid batteries (55), which alternately operate in charge and discharge modes.
  • the output from this is channeled via charging/discharging pipes (56) to a computer-controlled recombining exhaust gas recycling valve (57).
  • This valve divides the gas stream into an EGR stream, sent via pipe (59) to the Exhaust gas recirculation/emulsified fuel valve (12) to serve as an oxidant in the combustion process.
  • Another stream is directed via pipe (58) to a discharge-only calcium battery (60).
  • a mechanical vibrating device (61) gently dislodges the solid formed on the cathode, maintaining it clear for ongoing reaction. Positioned within an exhaust stream, such a system could perpetually eliminate CO2 emissions while generating electricity and concurrently producing calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate is then conveyed to storage or further processing means via pipe (62).
  • the invention employs batteries as a method of extracting CO2 from a gas stream. By doing so, it addresses the energy expenditure historically associated with CO2 removal from a gas stream. Optimal performance necessitates the batteries to be within a gas stream with a temperature as proximate to their ambient temperature as feasible.
  • a discharge-only setup prevents the reformation of gaseous CO2.
  • the cathode is kept clear for sustained reaction through the gentle removal of the solid form via mechanical vibration.
  • this setup could incessantly mitigate CO2 emissions, generate electricity, and produce calcium carbonate simultaneously.
  • the transition of captured CO2 into calcium carbonate may be facilitated by electrochemical processes, specifically those unfolding within lithium-CO2 batteries that release electrical energy during battery discharge.
  • the invention could incorporate the nitrogen output (18), human waste (46), and iron (48) processed in unit (45), resulting in a substance that could be disposed of at sea with potentially beneficial effects.
  • FIGURES 1&2 are identical to FIGURES 1&2
  • Cooling means eg. Sea water chillers, thermo electric generators, turbo steamers, wESPs
  • FIGURE 1 only
  • FIGURE 2 only
  • the invention provides a method of processing an exhaust stream of a ship engine that involves passing the flue gas through a gas separation system.
  • the flue gas, or exhaust stream is passed through a gas separation system.
  • This system comprises: a) A membrane designed to separate CO2 from the rest of the gas stream. b) A mechanism to apply a low overpressure on one side of the membrane while simultaneously applying a vacuum on the other side. This differential pressure facilitates the transport of gas through the membrane. c) The system incorporates means for compressing the feed gas and/or sweep gas on the permeate side of the membrane. This compression aids the overall process of gas separation. d) The membrane features a water vapor permeation element that allows water vapor to permeate through the membrane along with CO2, efficiently separating both components from the exhaust gas. e) The system includes a mechanism for condensing the water vapor on the permeate side. This condensation process helps maintain a vacuum with reduced energy consumption, thereby increasing the efficiency of the system. f) The gas separation system is composed of modules containing hollow fiber- or flat sheetshaped membranes. These specific shapes are designed to maximize the surface area for gas separation.
  • the exhaust stream is separated into a dry stream and a wet stream. This involves: a) Some of the wet stream, which contains the condensed water vapor, is funneled to an electrolysis device. This device splits the water into hydrogen and oxygen streams. b) The electrolysis process requires power, which is supplied by an auxiliary source, such as a thermo-electric generator. c) Some of the wet stream is directed to a fuel emulsification device or a post-treatment unit. Here, contaminants are removed to produce potable water. d) Part of the wet stream may also be funneled back to the combustion chamber to enhance the combustion process. This could be achieved through steam injection, water injection, or fully vaporized fuel.
  • the dry stream which is essentially the dehydrated gases, is treated to remove non- CO2, N2, and 02 contaminants. Once these contaminants are removed, the dry stream is then prepared for safe disposal at sea.
  • the carbon-rich stream is passed to a reactor that converts carbon dioxide to mineral carbonates in solution.
  • the mineral carbonates produced by the reactor are discharged to the sea.
  • the discharged carbonates serve as bio-nutrients, and the alkaline nature of the discharge (at pH 10.5) can potentially neutralize ocean acidity.
  • the nitrogen and oxygen-rich stream is directed to a waste treatment unit.
  • the dry stream can be directed through a valve to two separate calcium batteries composed of stacks of charged electrochemical plates. This procedure involves: i) Alternating the funneling of the dry stream between the two batteries according to a charge/discharge cycle of the batteries. ii) The resultant mineralized carbonate deposit from the batteries is released into the sea.
  • the dry stream can be directed to a CO2 to methanol reactor or CO2 to syngas reactor.
  • the resulting product can either be passed to the combustion chamber in controlled amounts to enhance combustion or directed to a fuel supply tank for an auxiliary power source.
  • the dry stream is treated to remove non CO2, N2, and 02 contaminants and prepared for safe disposal at sea. This involves separating the dry stream into a carbon-rich stream and a nitrogen and oxygen-rich stream, passing the carbon-rich stream to a carbon dioxide to mineral carbonates in solution reactor, and discharging mineral carbonates produced by the reactor to the sea.
  • the nitrogen/oxygen stream is passed to a waste treatment unit.
  • the method further includes cooling the exhaust stream to an ambient temperature before it is processed.
  • the cooling is performed by passing the exhaust stream through a heat exchanger.
  • the method can also involve utilizing water recovered from the exhaust and heat recovered from the exhaust to increase the temperature in the syngas generator to a level exceeding 150 degrees Celsius. This facilitates the production of carbon monoxide from the exhaust gas along with hydrogen from the electrolysis process, thereby generating syngas and passing the syngas back to the combustion chamber.
  • At least a portion of the wet stream is used for fuel emulsification, and the output of the fuel emulsification device is passed to a ship engine fuel intake.
  • At least a portion of the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolysis cell are passed separately to the combustion chamber to enhance combustion.
  • the method also includes the removal of Sox and NOx contaminants from the dry stream.
  • the step of funnelling some of the wet stream to a fuel emulsification device or a posttreatment unit is implemented by a computer-controlled valve.
  • the system also uses desalination brine from the ship's reverse osmosis process to assist in the mineralisation of the carbon-rich flue gas for disposal at sea.
  • the sodium hydroxide produced is used to pre-treat seawater going into the desalination plant.
  • the carbon-based product produced by the system can be Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3), carbonate ions, bicarbonate ions or carbonic acid, suitable for offloading as saleable products or safe disposal at sea.
  • the system stores NaCI onboard for use in the carbon dioxide to carbon-based product reactor.
  • the system uses the brine produced by the onboard reverse osmosis process in the carbon dioxide to carbon-based product reactor.
  • the system uses the nitrogen separated from the flue gas by the gas separation membrane to mix with the ship's human waste to create a beneficial product for disposal at sea.
  • the system mixes iron particles stored onboard with the human waste/nitrogen mix to create a beneficial product for disposal at sea.
  • the system disposes of the carbonate ions produced by the carbon dioxide to carbonate reactor in the turbulent wake of the ship to aid diffusion.
  • the carbon-based product produced by the system is Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) for onboard storage and offloading in port.
  • CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate
  • the system includes a CO2 gas stream passed to a CO2 to mineral carbonate reactor that forms an aqueous alkaline solution containing carbonate anions by dissolving captured carbon dioxide and alkali in water.
  • the CO2 source for the chemical reactor that forms an aqueous alkaline solution containing carbonate anions is a waterborne transport Ship/barge engine.
  • Treated water from the exhaust provides dilution water for the CO2 to mineral carbonate reactor that forms an aqueous alkaline solution containing carbonate anions.
  • the invention involves a system for converting CO2 to carbonate precipitate.
  • This system comprises a CO2 to mineral carbonate reactor that forms an alkaline aqueous solution containing carbonate anions by dissolving captured carbon dioxide and alkali in water.
  • the carbonates produced are bio-nutrients, and the alkaline discharge has a pH of 10.5.
  • the system also includes means for providing fresh water from the exhaust, sodium hydroxide from onboard seawater brine, and calcium or magnesium chloride stored onboard. Furthermore, it has means for disposing of the aqueous solution product of capture.
  • the hot engine exhaust gas is cooled to less than 25°C before passing to the absorption process.
  • This cooling process involves passing the exhaust gas through a heat exchanger prior to entering the chemical reactor that forms the alkaline aqueous solution.
  • the system also comprises a gas processing stage of the waterborne engine exhaust.
  • This includes a membrane condenser in accordance with claim 1, along with a heat exchanger and/or particulate matter (PM) filter.
  • PM particulate matter
  • the process of producing the alkaline aqueous solution within this system utilises an onboard water source containing magnesium cations and calcium cations.
  • This water source is supplied from a water separation and treatment plant connected to the waterborne transport engine exhaust.

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  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système de traitement d'un flux d'échappement d'un moteur de navire, qui permettent de convertir efficacement des polluants en sous-produits bénéfiques. Le système utilise des technologies avancées telles que : un système de séparation de gaz avec une membrane unique capable de séparer le CO2 et la vapeur d'eau du flux d'échappement ; un mécanisme de recyclage d'eau ; un dispositif d'émulsification de combustible ; une unité de post-traitement pour la purification de l'eau ; et une machine de capture de carbone (CCM) qui convertit le CO2 en carbonates minéraux ou combustibles synthétiques. Un autre mode de réalisation utilise un empilement de plaques électrochimiques chargées, ce qui forme une batterie spécialisée qui absorbe et libère du CO2, génère de l'électricité et produit du carbonate de calcium. Ce procédé de traitement d'échappement contribue à la réduction de gaz à effet de serre, produit des sous-produits de valeur, et favorise une élimination plus sûre en mer, ce qui permet de corriger des problèmes environnementaux significatifs.
PCT/GB2023/051931 2022-07-22 2023-07-21 Procédé de gestion de flux d'échappement et système de conversion pour moteurs à eau WO2024018229A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2210787.4 2022-07-22
GBGB2210787.4A GB202210787D0 (en) 2022-07-22 2022-07-22 Methods and related systems for processing an exhaust stream of a ship engine for safe disposal at sea of conversion to carbon based fuel for recycling to
GBGB2212946.4A GB202212946D0 (en) 2022-07-22 2022-09-05 Methods and related systems for processing an exhaust stream of an engine
GB2212946.4 2022-09-05

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WO2024018229A1 true WO2024018229A1 (fr) 2024-01-25

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