WO2024017346A1 - 一种径向定向钻井装置 - Google Patents

一种径向定向钻井装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024017346A1
WO2024017346A1 PCT/CN2023/108441 CN2023108441W WO2024017346A1 WO 2024017346 A1 WO2024017346 A1 WO 2024017346A1 CN 2023108441 W CN2023108441 W CN 2023108441W WO 2024017346 A1 WO2024017346 A1 WO 2024017346A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
drill
directional
drill pipe
sidetrack
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Application number
PCT/CN2023/108441
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐梓辰
万晓跃
杨忠华
郭庆波
Original Assignee
蓝土地能源技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2024017346A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024017346A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/05—Swivel joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to drilling equipment, in particular to a radial directional drilling device.
  • bottom hole drilling tools are also very demanding, resulting in high overall cost of the drilling device, which is not conducive to better exploitation of the above-mentioned oil reservoirs.
  • oil and gas are in deep wells, and the drilling cycle is long. Long-term drilling operations seriously affect the operation efficiency.
  • a coiled tubing orienting device is used to act on the coiled tubing body with a counter-torque, which makes it easy to twist the coiled tubing and is not suitable for small holes.
  • the present invention solves the problem of the existing window sidetracking drilling device, which is difficult to adjust the orientation due to the long drill pipe and is easy to twist off the coiled tubing during drilling, and has high requirements on power, drilling tools and bottom hole drilling tools, resulting in high costs.
  • the technical problem is to provide a radial directional drilling device that can facilitate directional adjustment and reduce the high configuration requirements for power, drilling tools and bottom hole drilling tools, thereby reducing costs.
  • a radial directional drilling device includes a sidetrack string 5, a guide structure 9 and a measurement and control system;
  • the sidetrack string 5 includes a continuous flexible pipe 2 connected from top to bottom, an anti-rotation device 3, and a rotation device 4 , sidetrack drill pipe 10, directional motor 6, drill bit 8, continuous flexible pipe 2 and the anti-rotation device 3 are in an upper and lower tensile connection relationship, the lower part of the anti-rotation device 3 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the rotation device 4, and the rotation
  • the device 4 includes a rotary drive mechanism and a rotary drive mechanism control module that is electrically or hydraulically connected to the rotary drive mechanism.
  • the sidetrack drill pipe 10 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the rotary drive mechanism; the guide structure 9 is provided in the sidetrack in the wellbore.
  • the measurement and control system includes a measurement module and a control device installed downhole module, the control module controls the directional motor 6 or the elbow joint 6 according to the status of the drill bit 8 measured by the measurement module. Or the tool face angle of rib 6 to achieve directional drilling.
  • the measurement module includes a tool face angle measurement module 11 and a near-bit attitude measurement module 12;
  • the tool face angle measurement module 11 is provided inside the drill bit 8 or inside the directional motor 6 or behind the directional motor 6 on the sidetrack drill pipe 10 inside, and the tool face angle measurement module 11 is within 50 meters from the drill bit;
  • the near-bit attitude measurement module 12 is provided inside the drill bit 8 or inside the directional motor 6 or inside the sidetrack drill pipe 10 behind the directional motor 6, and the The near-bit attitude measurement module 12 is within 20 meters from the drill bit.
  • the measurement and control system should also include a ground control center, which is communicatively connected with the downhole measurement module and the control module.
  • the guide structure 9 is a whipstock;
  • the continuous flexible pipe 2 is a coiled tubing, a plastic metal pipe, a flexible composite pipe, an armored hose or a rubber pipe;
  • the sidetrack drill pipe 10 has a diameter less than 90 mm elastic metal drill pipe, or an articulated drill pipe with a diameter in the range of 10-100 mm, or a flexible drill pipe with a diameter in the range of 10-100 mm consisting of multiple torque transmission sections connected in series;
  • the side drill The drill pipe 10 has a hollow structure and is used for circulating drilling circulation medium.
  • the elastic metal drill pipe is a drill pipe that does not undergo plastic deformation, such as a steel drill pipe or a titanium alloy drill pipe
  • the articulated drill pipe is a flexible drill pipe that is composed of multiple universal joints connected in series and can transmit torque. Drill pipe.
  • a directional motor 6 is provided at the lower part of the sidetrack drill pipe 10.
  • the directional motor 6 includes an elbow joint or other structure that can realize the guiding function, including a screw with an elbow joint or a push-type guide. Structural turbine drilling tool.
  • the orientation motor 6 is directly connected to the drill bit 8 .
  • the anti-rotation device includes an anti-rotation control device and a pipe string fixing device, evenly distributed along the circumferential direction;
  • the anti-rotation control device is any device such as electronic control, hydraulic control, electromagnetic control, mechanical control, etc.;
  • the pipe string is fixed.
  • the device includes a pressing mechanism 32 and a roller 31 connected with the pressing mechanism 32 .
  • the rotary drive mechanism control module is located at the wellhead and is communicatively connected to the rotary drive mechanism 41 through circuits and cables; the rotary drive mechanism includes a motor 41 and a gearbox 42 sleeved on the sidetrack string 10.
  • the gearbox 42 includes a plurality of planetary gear sets, which convert the high-speed rotational motion output by the electric motor into a low-speed rotational motion suitable for directional adjustment.
  • the other transfer pipe strings include necessary downhole tools such as hooking devices or anchoring devices.
  • the hooking devices or anchoring devices are arranged on the sidetrack string 5 being transferred.
  • the upper part is used to hook the sidetrack string 5 to the wellhead or the casing of other open casings.
  • the continuous flexible pipe 2 and the anti-rotation device 3 are only in an upper and lower tensile connection relationship, and the lower part of the anti-rotation device 3 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the rotating device 4, and the sidetrack drill pipe 10 is fixedly connected to the rotating drive.
  • the lower part of the mechanism, so the continuous flexible pipe 2 forms an independent drill string with the sidetrack drill pipe 10 through the rotating device 4.
  • the present invention facilitates directional adjustment, avoids twisting off the coiled tubing, and is suitable for small holes, reducing the impact on power and
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention embodying the connection relationship between the continuous flexible pipe 2 and the sidetrack drill pipe 10 through the rotating seal 7;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram embodying the details of the anti-rotation device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the guide structure suspension mechanism of the present invention.
  • a radial directional drilling device can be used for sidetracking directional well construction, including a sidetracking string 5, a guide structure 9 and a measurement and control system; the sidetracking string 5 refers to a sidetracking string that can meet the directional requirements.
  • the sidetrack drilling string includes a continuous flexible pipe 2 connected from top to bottom, an anti-rotation device 3, a rotation device 4, a sidetrack drill pipe 10, a directional motor 6, and a drill bit 8.
  • the continuous flexible pipe 2 and the anti-rotation device The device 3 has an upper and lower tensile connection relationship.
  • the lower part of the anti-rotation device 3 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the rotating device 4.
  • the anti-rotation device 3 includes an anti-rotation control device and a pipe string fixing device provided at the lower part of the continuous flexible pipe 2.
  • the anti-rotation control device controls the fixation of the continuous flexible pipe 2 by the pipe string fixing device
  • the rotation device 4 includes a rotation drive mechanism and a rotation drive mechanism control module that is electrically or hydraulically connected to the rotation drive mechanism, sidetrack drill
  • the rod 10 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the rotary drive mechanism;
  • the guide structure 9 is arranged on the wellbore wall corresponding to the sidetrack outlet of the sidetrack string 5 in the wellbore;
  • the directional motor 6 or the elbow joint 6 or the rib 6 are arranged Control the orientation of the drill bit close to the drill bit 8;
  • the measurement and control system includes a measurement module and a control module located close to the directional motor.
  • the control module controls the directional motor 6) or the elbow joint 6 or Directional drilling of rib 6.
  • the control module is installed at the wellhead, and the control module controls the
  • the rotation device is used to control the rotation of the rotation drive mechanism 41 in the rotation device located downhole, thereby driving the directional motor 6 or the elbow joint 6 or the rib 6 at the tool face angle to achieve directional drilling.
  • the bend Joints or ribs can take over the role of directional motors.
  • the rotating device 4 may be an electric rotating device or a hydraulic rotating device, and the coiled tubing directional device may be an equivalent replacement for the hydraulic rotating device or the electric rotating device.
  • the rotating device is an electric rotating device or a hydraulic rotating device, and a coiled tubing directional device of any principle can be used as an equivalent replacement for the hydraulic rotating device or the electric rotating device.
  • the measurement and control system should also include a ground control center, which is communicatively connected with the underground measurement module and the control module.
  • the measurement module includes a tool face angle measurement module 11 and a near-bit attitude measurement module 12; the tool face angle measurement module 11 is provided inside the drill bit 8 or inside the directional motor 6 or inside the sidetrack drill pipe 10 behind the directional motor 6.
  • the tool face angle measurement module 11 is within 50 meters from the drill bit; the near-bit attitude measurement module 12 is provided inside the drill bit 8 or inside the directional motor 6 or behind the directional motor 6 Drill inside the drill pipe 10, and the near-bit attitude measurement module 12 is within 20 meters from the drill bit.
  • the tool face angle measurement module 11 and the near-bit attitude measurement module 12 are installed inside the sidetrack drill pipe 10 behind the directional motor 6.
  • the advantage of being installed in this position is that the measurement module is close enough to the drill bit. Real bottom hole data can be measured, and the measurement module is located inside the sliding drilling tool, which can avoid data distortion caused by vibration of the drilling tool and extend the service life of the module.
  • a radial directional drilling device of the present invention can be lowered into the wellbore string such as casing, slotted pipe, perforated pipe, etc., and drill branch holes to the side of the wellbore 1 Then continue to extend drilling.
  • the guide structure 9 In order to realize the lateral drilling of the tool of the present invention from the main wellbore, it is also necessary to lower the guide structure 9 into the predetermined well depth position in the main wellbore.
  • the guide structure 9 in this embodiment is a whipstock.
  • the whipstock can be lowered into the well first or along with the operation string to guide the sidetrack string 5 to implement the sidetracking operation.
  • the continuous flexible pipe 2 located at the top of the drill string is a coiled tubing, and the coiled tubing is connected to the lower drilling tool and sent into the well; the sidetrack drill pipe 10 is used as a sidetrack extension to drill into the lower drilling tool of the formation. It must be flexible enough so that it can pass through the guide structure 9 smoothly and at the same time satisfy the transmission of bottom hole weight and torque.
  • the sidetrack drill pipe 10 is an articulated drill pipe with a diameter in the range of 10-100 mm.
  • the articulated drill pipe is a flexible drill pipe formed by multiple universal joints connected in series and capable of transmitting torque; at the same time, , the sidetrack drill pipe 10 is a hollow structure, which can satisfy the circulation of drilling medium.
  • the sidetrack drill pipe 10 can also be an elastic metal drill pipe with a diameter less than 90 mm.
  • the elastic metal drill pipe is a steel drill pipe or a titanium alloy drill pipe that does not undergo plastic deformation.
  • the lower part of the sidetrack drill pipe 10 it is usually necessary to set a bottom hole power tool to provide drilling power for the drill bit.
  • the lower part of the sidetrack drill pipe 10 is provided with a directional motor 6.
  • the directional motor 6 6 Including elbow joints or other structures or devices that can realize the guiding function, such as screws with elbow joints or turbine drilling tools with push-type guide structures, etc.
  • the orientation motor 6 is usually directly connected to the drill bit 8 .
  • the continuous flexible pipe 2 and the sidetrack drill pipe 10 are connected by a rotating dynamic seal 7 to achieve flow channel sealing.
  • the two are independent drill strings.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that they can be adjusted according to the drilling tools. Functional selection and design of appropriate bottom hole tools.
  • the sidetrack drill pipe 10 making it independent of the continuous flexible pipe 2 can realize its own function more conveniently.
  • the sidetrack drill pipe 10 can be an articulated drill pipe composed of multi-stage universal joints connected in series, which can better pass through the guide structure 9 and extend further forward.
  • Drilling or, during the directional drilling process, if the orientation needs to be adjusted, it is usually necessary to repeatedly move the drilling tool up and down or rotate the drill string, so that the guiding direction is consistent with the predetermined orientation. Since the sidetrack drill pipe 10 is independent of The continuous flexible pipe 2 makes it no longer necessary to lift or lower the entire drill string during the orientation adjustment process, but only needs to control the rotation of the sidetrack drill pipe 10 to complete the orientation.
  • the directional motor 6 is a screw motor with a single bend joint.
  • the direction of the single bend joint determines the drilling direction of the screw motor and the drill bit.
  • the tool face angle measurement module 11 and the near-bit attitude measurement module 12 measure the well inclination and orientation in real time and transmit them to the ground control center.
  • the ground control center determines whether positioning adjustment is needed based on the bottom hole data. When positioning adjustment is required, the ground center issues an instruction, and the rotation control module analyzes and controls the rotation device or the rotation structure to move, so that the independent sidetrack drill pipe 10 rotates to complete the directional adjustment.
  • the rotation device 4 includes a rotation drive mechanism 41 and a rotation drive mechanism control module electrically connected to the rotation drive mechanism 41.
  • the rotation drive mechanism 41 is an electric rotation drive mechanism or a hydraulic rotation drive mechanism, and its connection control method includes Cables, hydraulic pipelines or channels; the rotary drive mechanism control module is arranged at the wellhead and is connected to the rotary drive mechanism 41 through cable hydraulic pipelines or channels.
  • the rotary drive mechanism 41 in this embodiment is a motor, and the rotary motion output by the motor can drive the sidetrack string 5 to rotate to adjust the orientation; usually, the rotary motion output by the motor has a high speed and cannot Directly applied to orientation adjustment, the slow rotational motion must be output after deceleration through the deceleration mechanism to facilitate orientation.
  • this is achieved through the gearbox 42.
  • the gearbox 42 includes several planetary gear sets, which can be The high-speed rotational motion output by the motor is converted into a low-speed rotational motion suitable for directional adjustment.
  • 43 in Figure 2 is the dynamic seal of the rotating device.
  • the anti-rotation device 3 is sleeved on the lower part of the continuous flexible pipe 2, along the circumferential direction. Evenly distributed, the part fixedly connected to the continuous flexible pipe 2 is the anti-rotation device 3 body.
  • the anti-rotation device includes an anti-rotation control device and a pipe string fixing device that are sequentially set at the lower part of the continuous flexible pipe 2.
  • the anti-rotation control device controls
  • the pipe string fixing device fixes the continuous flexible pipe 2
  • the anti-rotation control device is any device such as electronic control, hydraulic control, electromagnetic control, mechanical control, etc.
  • the pipe string fixing device includes a roller 31 and is connected to the roller 31 , the pressing mechanism 32 that presses the roller 31 in the working state.
  • the pressing mechanism 32 serves as a support structure for the roller 31 to support the roller against the well wall. Therefore, while realizing the anti-rotation function, the roller 31 allows the pipe string system ( Including continuous flexible pipe 2, side-rotating drill pipe 10, directional motor 6, etc.) moves along the wellbore axis.
  • the pipe string system Including continuous flexible pipe 2, side-rotating drill pipe 10, directional motor 6, etc.
  • the pressing mechanism 32 is connected to the anti-rotation device 3 body through the hydraulic cylinder 35.
  • the hydraulic pump 33 can provide the hydraulic source required by the hydraulic system, so The electric motor 34 provides pressurizing power to drive the hydraulic pump 33.
  • the pressing mechanism 32 at least includes a hydraulic cylinder 35 with a hydraulic piston and a hydraulic pipeline 36.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 35 is connected to the hydraulic pump through a hydraulic pipeline 36 or a hydraulic channel. 33 is connected.
  • the hydraulic pump 33 can inject hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic cylinder 35 of the pressing mechanism 32 through the hydraulic pipeline 36 or the hydraulic channel. Under the action of the high-pressure fluid, the pressing mechanism 32
  • the hydraulic piston drives the roller 31 to extend and push against the well wall.
  • the continuous flexible pipe 2 can be pressed and fixed inside the wellbore without being rotated by the side under the dynamic seal 7 The influence of the rotation of the rotating column 10.
  • the guide structure 9 is connected to the sidetrack drill pipe 10 through a suspension mechanism 44 in one direction.
  • the guide structure 9 can be suspended from the sidetrack drill pipe 10 through the suspension mechanism 44.
  • the connection facilitates the drill string system to lift the guide structure 9 out of the wellbore together.
  • the suspension mechanism 44 includes a through hole 45.
  • the diameter of the through hole 45 is larger than the diameter of the sidetrack drill pipe 10 and smaller than the diameter of the drill bit or directional motor. Therefore, the drill string system can The guide structure 9 is lifted out of the wellbore together.
  • the guide structure also includes necessary fixing devices such as hooking devices or anchoring devices.
  • the hooking devices or anchoring devices are arranged outside the guide structure and are used to attach the guide structure to Hooked into the casing wall or well wall.

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Abstract

一种径向定向钻井装置，包括侧钻管柱(5)、导引结构(9)和测控系统；侧钻管柱(5)包括自上而下相连的连续柔性管(2)、防转装置(3)、旋转装置(4)、侧钻钻杆(10)、定向马达(6)、钻头(8)，侧钻钻杆(10)顶部通过旋转动密封(7)与连续柔性管(2)的底部连通；导引结构(9)设置在井筒内所述侧钻管柱(5)侧钻出口对应的井筒壁上；定向马达(6)设置在靠近钻头(8)处控制钻头的定向；测控系统包括井下设置的测量模块和控制模块，控制模块根据测量模块测到的钻头(8)的状态控制定向马达(6)的定向钻进。该径向定向钻井装置解决了钻具钻进时不利于调整定向、容易拧断连续油管的技术问题。

Description

一种径向定向钻井装置 技术领域
本发明涉及钻井设备，具体涉及一种径向定向钻井装置。
背景技术
套管开窗侧钻井可以有效地开发构造复杂、剩余可采储量明显达不到标准的井区及钻新井费用较高的油藏、低渗透油藏、裂缝性油藏、薄油藏等，通过侧钻井可以减缓水、气锥进，延长无水开采期，改善驱油效果。
但是，侧钻井不但需要确保钻井动力的传递，还要在钻井过程中调整定向钻进，通常需要反复上下活动整个钻具或者是旋转整个钻柱，操作上需要上提或下放整个钻柱并控制其旋转。在油田钻杆过长的条件下，需求的动力大、旋转阻力大，不利于定向调整，且准确控制难度大，即不但对动力要求高动力配置，造成成本高，而且调整过程对钻柱的耐受力要求也高，因此对钻具的配置也要求高，同样对井底钻具的设计也很苛刻，导致钻井装置整体成本高居不下，不利于更好地开采上述油藏。此外，油气在深井中，钻井周期长，长时间起下钻严重影响作业效率。急需一种可以高效率高精度的侧钻分支井的装置。
发明内容
现有近似技术中，采用连续油管定向装置将反扭矩作用于连续油管本体，容易将连续油管拧断且不适合小孔眼。本发明解决现有技术开窗侧钻钻井装置由于钻具钻进时由于钻杆长不利于调整定向、容易拧断连续油管，而且对动力、钻具和井底钻具都要求高导致成本高的技术问题，提供一种径向定向钻井装置，能够便于定向调整，减少对动力、钻具和井底钻具的高配要求，从而降低成本。
本发明的技术方案是这样的：
一种径向定向钻井装置，包含侧钻管柱5、导引结构9和测控系统；所述侧钻管柱5包括自上而下相连的连续柔性管2、防转装置3、旋转装置4、侧钻钻杆10、定向马达6、钻头8，连续柔性管2与所述防转装置3为上下承拉连接关系，所述防转装置3的下部与旋转装置4的上部固定连接，旋转装置4包括旋转驱动机构和与旋转驱动机构电连接或液压连接的旋转驱动机构控制模块，侧钻钻杆10固定连接在旋转驱动机构下部；所述导引结构9设置在井筒内所述侧钻管柱5侧钻出口对应的井筒壁上；所述定向马达6或弯接头6或肋翼6设置在靠近钻头8处，以控制钻头的定向；所述测控系统包括井下设置的测量模块和控制模块，所述控制模块根据测量模块测到的钻头8的状态控制定向马达6或弯接头6 或肋翼6的工具面角度以实现定向钻进。
优选地，所述测量模块包括工具面角度测量模块11和近钻头姿态测量模块12；所述工具面角度测量模块11设置于钻头8内部或定向马达6内部或定向马达6后方侧钻钻杆10内部，且所述工具面角度测量模块11距离钻头50米以内；所述近钻头姿态测量模块12设置于钻头8内部或定向马达6内部或定向马达6后方侧钻钻杆10内部，且所述近钻头姿态测量模块12距离钻头20米以内。
优选地，所述测控系统还应包括地面控制中心，所述地面控制中心与井下测量模块、控制模块之间通信连接。
优选地，导引结构9是斜向器；所述连续柔性管2为连续油管、塑性金属管、柔性复合材料管、铠皮软管或橡胶管；所述侧钻钻杆10为直径小于90毫米的弹性金属钻杆，或者直径在10-100毫米范围内的铰接式钻杆，或者直径在10-100毫米范围内的由多个扭矩传递节串联而成的柔性钻杆；所述侧钻钻杆10为中空结构，用于流通钻井循环介质。
优选地，所述弹性金属钻杆为钢制钻杆或钛合金钻杆等不会发生塑性形变的钻杆，所述铰接式钻杆为多个万向节串联而成的能传递扭矩的柔性钻杆。
优选地，在所述侧钻钻杆10的下部设置有定向马达6，所述定向马达6包括弯接头或其他能够实现导向功能的结构，包括带有弯接头的螺杆或者带有推靠式导向结构的涡轮钻具。
优选地，所述定向马达6与钻头8直接连接。
优选地，防转装置包括防转控制装置和管柱固定装置，沿周向均匀分布；所述防转控制装置为电控、液压控制、电磁控制、机械控制等任何一种装置；管柱固定装置包括压紧机构32和与压紧机构32连接的滚轮31。
优选地，所述旋转驱动机构控制模块设置于井口处，通过电路、电缆与旋转驱动机构41通信连接；所述旋转驱动机构包括套设于侧钻管柱10上的电动机41和齿轮箱42，所述齿轮箱42包括若干行星齿轮组，将所述电动机输出的高速旋转运动转化为适合定向调整的低速旋转运动。
优选地，还包括其他传送管柱，所述其他传送管柱包括挂接装置或锚定装置等必须的井下工具，所述挂接装置或锚定装置设置于所传送的侧钻管柱5的上部，用于将所述侧钻管柱5挂接于井口或者其他开次套管的套内。
技术效果：
本发明由于连续柔性管2与所述防转装置3仅仅为上下承拉连接关系，而所述防转装置3的下部与旋转装置4的上部固定连接，侧钻钻杆10固定连接在旋转驱动机构下部，因此所述连续柔性管2通过旋转装置4与所述侧钻钻杆10成相互独立的钻柱，这样，在钻井过程中调整定向钻进时，不需要反复上下活动整个钻具或者是旋转整个钻柱，只需要通过侧钻钻杆10上部的旋转装置4控制侧钻钻杆10旋转；同时，由于连续柔性管2与所述防转装置3为上下承拉连接关系，侧钻钻杆10和旋转装置4的扭矩就不会传递给连续柔性管2，防止连续柔性管2发生断裂；再加上定向马达靠近钻头设置，控制模块靠近钻头设置，能及时获得钻头的状态并进行定向调整，也不再需要侧钻钻杆10反复上下活动来调节钻头的定向钻进，因此本发明便于定向调整、避免了将连续油管拧断，且适合小孔眼，减少对动力、钻具和井底钻具的高配要求，从而降低成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明结构示意图；
图2是本发明体现连续柔性管2和侧钻钻杆10通过旋转密封7连接关系的结构示意图；
图3是本发明体现防转装置细部的结构示意图；
图4是本发明导引结构悬挂机构示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1-3：一种径向定向钻井装置，可用于侧钻定向井施工，包含侧钻管柱5、导引结构9和测控系统；所述侧钻管柱5指的是能够满足定向侧钻的钻井管柱，包括自上而下相连的连续柔性管2、防转装置3、旋转装置4、侧钻钻杆10、定向马达6、钻头8，连续柔性管2与所述防转装置3为上下承拉连接关系，所述防转装置3的下部与旋转装置4的上部固定连接，所述防转装置3包括在连续柔性管2下部设置的防转控制装置和管柱固定装置，所述防转控制装置控制所述管柱固定装置对连续柔性管2的固定，，旋转装置4包括旋转驱动机构和与旋转驱动机构电连接或液压连接的旋转驱动机构控制模块，侧钻钻杆10固定连接在旋转驱动机构下部；所述导引结构9设置在井筒内所述侧钻管柱5侧钻出口对应的井筒壁上；所述定向马达6或弯接头6或肋翼6设置在靠近钻头8处控制钻头的定向；所述测控系统包括靠近定向马达设置的测量模块和控制模块，所述控制模块根据测量模块测到的钻头8的状态控制定向马达6)或弯接头6或肋翼6的定向钻进。本实施例中，控制模块设置于井口处，所述控制模块通过电缆控制 旋转装置，以控制位于井下的旋转装置中旋转驱动机构41的旋转转动，从而驱动定向马达6或弯接头6或肋翼6在工具面角度以实现定向钻进，当钻头为射流钻头时，弯接头或肋翼可以取代定向马达的作用。旋转装置4可为电动旋转装置或液压旋转装置，连续油管定向器可以作为液压旋转装置或电动旋转装置的同等替代。旋转装置为电动旋转装置或液压旋转装置，任意原理的连续油管定向器可以作为液压旋转装置或电动旋转装置的同等替代。
进一步，所述测控系统还应包括地面控制中心，所述地面控制中心与井下测量模块、控制模块之间通信连接。所述测量模块包括工具面角度测量模块11、近钻头姿态测量模块12；所述工具面角度测量模块11设置于钻头8内部或定向马达6内部或定向马达6后方侧钻钻杆10内部，为了确保测量模块所测井底数据的可靠性，所述工具面角度测量模块11距离钻头50米以内；所述近钻头姿态测量模块12设置于钻头8内部或定向马达6内部或定向马达6后方侧钻钻杆10内部，且所述近钻头姿态测量模块12距离钻头20米以内。
其中优选的是：所述工具面角度测量模块11以及所述近钻头姿态测量模块12均安装于定向马达6后方侧钻钻杆10内部，安装在该位置的优势在于：测量模块足够靠近钻头，可测得真实的井底数据，同时测量模块位于滑动前行的钻具内部，可避免因钻具震动造成的数据失真并延长模块使用寿命。
在钻井施工过程中，一般的情况下，本发明的一种径向定向钻井装置可以从套管、割缝管、打孔管等井筒管柱内下入，并向井筒1的侧面钻分支孔后继续延伸钻进。为了能够实现本发明工具由主井眼侧向钻进，还需要在主井眼内预定井深位置下入导引结构9。
作为优选，本实施例所述导引结构9即为斜向器，所述斜向器可以先下入井内或随作业管柱一同入井，用于引导侧钻管柱5实现侧钻作业。
优选地，位于钻柱最上方的所述连续柔性管2为连续油管，所述连续油管连接下部钻具送入井内；所述侧钻钻杆10作为侧钻延伸钻进地层的下部钻具，必须具有足够的柔性使其能够顺利通过所述导引结构9，同时满足井底钻压扭矩的传递。作为优选，所述侧钻钻杆10为直径在10-100毫米范围内的铰接式钻杆，所述铰接式钻杆为多个万向节串联而成的能传递扭矩的柔性钻杆；同时，所述侧钻钻杆10为中空结构，可满足钻井介质的循环流通。
作为优选，所述侧钻钻杆10还可以是直小于90毫米的弹性金属钻杆，所述弹性金属钻杆为钢制钻杆或钛合金钻杆等不会发生塑性形变的钻杆。
在所述侧钻钻杆10的下部，通常需要设置井底动力工具为钻头提供钻进动力，作为优选方案之一，所述侧钻钻杆10的下部设置有定向马达6，所述定向马达6包括弯接头或其他能够实现导向功能的结构或装置，如带有弯接头的螺杆或者带有推靠式导向结构的涡轮钻具等。所述定向马达6通常与钻头8直接连接。
从图2可见，所述连续柔性管2与所述侧钻钻杆10为旋转动密封7相连，实现流道密封，两者为相互独立的钻柱，这样设置的好处在于，可以根据钻具功能选择和设计合适的井底钻具。尤其是对于所述侧钻钻杆10而言，使其独立于所述连续柔性管2，能够更方便的实现其自身功能。例如：为了能够确保钻井动力的传递，所述侧钻钻杆10可以选择由多级万向节串联而成的铰接式钻杆，可以更好的通过所述导引结构9，进一步向前延伸钻进；或者，在定向钻进过程中，若需要调整定向通常需要反复上下活动钻具或者是旋转钻柱，从而使所述导向方向与预定方位一致，由于所述侧钻钻杆10独立于所述连续柔性管2，使得在调整定向过程中，不再需要上提或下方整个钻柱，而仅仅需要控制所述侧钻钻杆10旋转即可完成定向。
具体的，所述的定向马达6为带有单弯接头的螺杆马达，所述单弯接头的指向决定了所述螺杆马达及钻头的钻进方向，钻进过程中，由井底测控系统中的工具面角度测量模块11以及近钻头姿态测量模块12实时测量井斜和方位并传输至地面控制中心，地面控制中心根据井底数据判断是否需要进行定位调整。当需要进行定位调整时，地面中心下达指令，由旋转控制模块解析并控制旋转装置或旋转结构进行动作，使独立的侧钻钻杆10旋转完成定向调整。
作为优选，所述旋转装置4包括旋转驱动机构41和与旋转驱动机构41电连接的旋转驱动机构控制模块，所述旋转驱动机构41为电动旋转驱动机构或液压旋转驱动机构，其连接控制方式包括电缆、液压管线或通道；所述旋转驱动机构控制模块设置于井口处，通过电缆液压管线或通道与旋转驱动机构41进行连接。
作为优选，本实施例所述的旋转驱动机构41为电动机，所述电动机输出旋转运动可带动所述侧钻管柱5进行旋转从而调整定向；通常所述电动机输出的旋转运动速度较高而不能直接应用于定向调整，必须通过减速机构减速之后输出缓慢的旋转运动才能有利于定向，本实施例中就是通过齿轮箱42来实现的，所述齿轮箱42包括若干行星齿轮组，可将所述电动机输出的高速旋转运动转化为适合定向调整的低速旋转运动。图2中43为旋转装置动密封。
参见图3：所述防转装置3所述防转装置套设于连续柔性管2下部，沿周向 均匀分布，与连续柔性管2固定连接的部分为防转装置3本体，防转装置包括在连续柔性管2下部依次套设的防转控制装置和管柱固定装置，所述防转控制装置控制所述管柱固定装置对连续柔性管2的固定，所述防转控制装置为电控、液压控制、电磁控制、机械控制等任何一种装置；管柱固定装置包括滚轮31和与滚轮31相连、在工作状态下抵压滚轮31的压紧机构32，压紧机构32作为滚轮31的支撑结构用于支撑滚轮抵靠井壁，因此滚轮31在实现防转功能的同时，许可管柱系统(包括连续柔性管2、侧转钻杆10定向马达6等)沿井眼轴线运动。
压紧机构32通过液压缸35连接于防转装置3本体上，在防转控制装置还包括电动机34和液压泵33的情况下，所述液压泵33可以提供液压系统所需的液压源，所述电动机34提供加压动力以驱动液压泵33，所述压紧机构32至少包括带液压活塞的液压缸35和液压管线36，所述液压缸35通过液压管线36或液压通道与所述液压泵33进行连接，当所述电动机34工作时，液压泵33即可通过液压管线36或液压通道向压紧机构32的液压缸35内注入液压流体，在高压流体的作用下，使压紧机构32的液压活塞带动滚轮31伸出推靠井壁。由于所述压紧机构32及滚轮31是圆周均匀分布的，当周向的液压活塞都伸出时，即可将连续柔性管2压紧固定在井筒内部而不受旋转动密封7下的侧转管柱10转动的影响。
图4中，所述导引结构9通过悬挂机构44与侧钻钻杆10单向承拉连接，起钻时所述导引结构9能通过悬挂机构44与所述侧钻钻杆10实现悬挂连接，便于钻柱系统将导引结构9一并起出井眼。本实施例中，所述悬挂机构44包括贯通孔45，所述贯通孔45的直径大于所述侧钻钻杆10的直径，小于钻头或定向马达的直径，因此起钻时钻柱系统能将导引结构9一并起出井眼。
作为优选，所述导引结构还包括挂接装置或锚定装置等必须的固定装置，所述挂接装置或锚定装置设置于所述导引结构的外侧，用于将所述导引结构挂接于套管管壁内或井壁内。
本实施例钻井施工通常需要以下步骤：
1、下入通井工具清理井眼；
2、下入导引结构9并调整定向，使其导向斜面指向设计方位；
3、下入开窗工具开窗侧钻，在井壁上形成侧钻窗口；
4、下入本发明所述径向定向钻井工具，沿侧钻窗口定向钻进直至预定井深；
5、取出井下工具，开展后续的固井和注采作业。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种径向定向钻井装置，包含侧钻管柱(5)、导引结构(9)和测控系统；其特征在于所述侧钻管柱(5)包括自上而下相连的连续柔性管(2)、防转装置(3)、旋转装置(4)、侧钻钻杆(10)、定向马达(6)、钻头(8)，连续柔性管(2)与所述防转装置(3)为上下承拉连接关系，所述防转装置(3)的下部与旋转装置(4)的上部固定连接，旋转装置(4)包括旋转驱动机构和与旋转驱动机构电连接或液压连接的旋转驱动机构控制模块，侧钻钻杆(10)固定连接在旋转驱动机构下部；所述导引结构(9)设置在井筒内所述侧钻管柱(5)侧钻出口对应的井筒壁上；所述定向马达(6)或弯接头(6)或肋翼(6)设置在靠近钻头(8)处，以控制钻头的定向；所述测控系统包括井下设置的测量模块和控制模块，所述控制模块根据测量模块测到的钻头(8)的状态控制定向马达(6)或弯接头(6)或肋翼(6)的工具面角度以实现定向钻进。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种径向定向钻井装置，其特征在于：所述测量模块包括工具面角度测量模块(11)和近钻头姿态测量模块(12)；所述工具面角度测量模块(11)设置于钻头(8)内部或定向马达(6)内部或定向马达(6)后方侧钻钻杆(10)内部，且所述工具面角度测量模块(11)距离钻头50米以内；所述近钻头姿态测量模块(12)设置于钻头(8)内部或定向马达(6)内部或定向马达(6)后方侧钻钻杆(10)内部，且所述近钻头姿态测量模块(12)距离钻头20米以内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种径向定向钻井装置，其特征在于所述测控系统还应包括地面控制中心，所述地面控制中心与井下测量模块、控制模块之间通信连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种径向定向钻井装置，其特征在于导引结构(9)是斜向器；所述连续柔性管(2)为连续油管、塑性金属管、柔性复合材料管、铠皮软管或橡胶管；所述侧钻钻杆(10)为直径小于90毫米的弹性金属钻杆，或者直径在10-100毫米范围内的铰接式钻杆，或者直径在10-100毫米范围内的由多个扭矩传递节串联而成的柔性钻杆；所述侧钻钻杆10为中空结构，用于流通钻井循环介质。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种径向定向钻井装置，其特征在于所述弹性金属钻杆为钢制钻杆或钛合金钻杆等不会发生塑性形变的钻杆，所述铰接式钻杆为多个万向节串联而成的能传递扭矩的柔性钻杆。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种径向定向钻井装置，其特征在于在所述侧钻 钻杆(10)的下部设置有定向马达(6)，所述定向马达(6)包括弯接头或其他能够实现导向功能的结构，包括带有弯接头的螺杆或者带有推靠式导向结构的涡轮钻具。
  7. 根据权利要求4或6所述的一种径向定向钻井装置，其特征在于所述定向马达(6)与钻头(8)直接连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种径向定向钻井装置，其特征在于，防转装置包括防转控制装置和管柱固定装置，沿周向均匀分布；所述防转控制装置为电控、液压控制、电磁控制、机械控制等任何一种装置；管柱固定装置包括压紧机构(32)和与压紧机构(32)连接的滚轮(31)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种径向定向钻井装置，其特征在于所述旋转驱动机构控制模块设置于井口处，通过电路、电缆与旋转驱动机构(41)通信连接；所述旋转驱动机构包括套设于侧钻管柱(5)上的电动机(41)和齿轮箱(42)，所述齿轮箱(42)包括若干行星齿轮组，将所述电动机输出的高速旋转运动转化为适合定向调整的低速旋转运动。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种径向定向钻井装置，其特征在于所述导引结构还包括挂接装置或锚定装置等必须的固定装置，所述挂接装置或锚定装置设置于所述导引结构的外侧，用于将所述导引机构挂接于套管管壁内或井壁内。
PCT/CN2023/108441 2022-07-20 2023-07-20 一种径向定向钻井装置 WO2024017346A1 (zh)

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