WO2024016371A1 - Magnétomètre atomique miniaturisé - Google Patents

Magnétomètre atomique miniaturisé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024016371A1
WO2024016371A1 PCT/CN2022/107796 CN2022107796W WO2024016371A1 WO 2024016371 A1 WO2024016371 A1 WO 2024016371A1 CN 2022107796 W CN2022107796 W CN 2022107796W WO 2024016371 A1 WO2024016371 A1 WO 2024016371A1
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alkali metal
detection
gas chamber
pump
atomic
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PCT/CN2022/107796
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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盛经纬
马啸
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北京昆迈医疗科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2024016371A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024016371A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/242—Detecting biomagnetic fields, e.g. magnetic fields produced by bioelectric currents
    • A61B5/245—Detecting biomagnetic fields, e.g. magnetic fields produced by bioelectric currents specially adapted for magnetoencephalographic [MEG] signals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a diagnostic device in the medical field, and in particular to a miniaturized atomic magnetometer for measuring brain magnetism.
  • Alkali metal atom magnetometers based on non-spin exchange relaxation effects are widely used in frontier fields such as basic physics research and biomagnetism measurements due to their ultra-high sensitivity potential in magnetic field measurement.
  • Atomic magnetometer (also called optical pump magnetometer, namely OPM, atomic magnetometer, atomic magnetometer) is a technology that uses the interaction between light and atoms to detect magnetic fields.
  • the implementation of extremely weak magnetic field measurements by atomic magnetometers mainly includes optical pumping and atomic spin precession detection.
  • Optical pumping uses polarized laser to microscopically change the distribution of electrons outside the nucleus of alkali metal atoms (generally K, Rb, Cs) at various energy levels, thereby achieving macroscopic polarization of atomic spins.
  • Atomic spin polarizability is a physical quantity that characterizes the degree of polarization of atoms, and is an important parameter that affects the atomic magnetic field measurement device. The stability of atomic spin polarizability directly affects the stability of alkali metal atomic magnetometers.
  • the atomic magnetometer mainly detects the magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the two intersecting lights (pump light and detection laser).
  • the structural design of the existing atomic magnetometer occupies a relatively large detection magnetic sensitive surface, which limits the realization of miniaturization.
  • the application cannot better realize multi-channel detection, and cannot guarantee the uniformity of atomic polarizability in the alkali metal atomic gas chamber, which greatly reduces the detection quality of brain magnetism.
  • the Chinese patent discloses an in-situ measurement system for the spatial distribution of spin polarizability of an alkali metal atomic magnetometer, including a detection light laser, a detection light laser stabilization system, and a polarization system arranged in sequence according to the direction of the detection light.
  • detector, plane reflector, photoelastic modulator, detection light quarter-wave plate, alkali metal atomic gas chamber, analyzer, photodetector; and the pump light in the other direction is arranged in sequence according to the forward direction of the pump light.
  • Another beam of refracted light enters the first CMOS sensor; the outside of the alkali metal atom gas chamber is sequentially covered from the inside to the outside with a magnetic electric heating device, a thermal insulation material cavity, a magnetic compensation coil, and a magnetic shielding system; the photoelectric The detector, the first CMOS sensor, and the second CMOS sensor transmit data to the data acquisition, analysis and processing system.
  • CN108490374A discloses a hybrid light pumping SERF atomic magnetometer device, which includes a K/Rb mixed alkali metal gas chamber, an oven, a vacuum chamber, a three-dimensional magnetic compensation coil, a magnetic shielding barrel, and a pumping Light source, beam expander, linear polarizer, 1/4 wave plate, detection light source, beam expander, Faraday modulator, photodetector, lock-in amplifier, data acquisition and analysis system, including: K/Rb mixed alkali metal gas The chamber is fixed in the center of the boron nitride ceramic oven and heated to 200°C by an electric heating film to ensure a high alkali metal atomic number density.
  • the air chamber and the oven are placed in a vacuum chamber, using vacuum to insulate heat from diffusing outward to reduce the impact of heat.
  • the three-dimensional magnetic compensation coil and the magnetic shielding barrel are used to shield the geomagnetic field and compensate for the residual magnetism;
  • the pumping light source is the K atom D1 line light source, and the pumping light generated by it passes through the beam expander, linear polarizer and is 45 degrees from the linear polarization direction.
  • the 1/4 wave plate with a degree angle becomes circularly polarized light, which is used to polarize the K atoms in the alkali metal gas chamber.
  • the Rb atoms are polarized through the mutual collision between K atoms and Rb atoms;
  • the detection light source is the Rb atom D1 line
  • the detection light generated by the light source becomes linearly polarized light after passing through a beam expander and a linear polarizer.
  • Another linear polarizer serves as an analyzer behind the alkali metal gas chamber and is perpendicular to the first linear polarizer.
  • the structural design of the atomic magnetometer disclosed in the above-mentioned existing patent technology limits the miniaturization application and cannot guarantee the uniformity of atomic polarizability in the alkali metal atomic gas chamber, which greatly reduces the detection quality of brain magnetism.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a miniaturized atomic magnetometer, by arranging the pump light source component, the detection light source component and the photoelectric detection component in a three-dimensional space, and all The structural arrangement is located on the same side of the alkali metal atom gas chamber, and the first optical path in the pump optical path and the second optical path returning along the first optical path pass through the alkali metal atom gas chamber, which increases the number of atoms in the pump beam.
  • the stroke in the gas chamber further solves the technical problems in the existing technology that limit the structural design of the atomic magnetometer to achieve miniaturization and cannot guarantee the uniformity of atomic polarizability in the alkali metal atomic gas chamber, which greatly reduces the quality of magnetic brain detection.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a miniaturized atomic magnetometer, which includes an alkali metal atom gas chamber, a pump light source component, a detection light source component and a photoelectric detection component.
  • the pump light source component emits a pump
  • the pump light path is perpendicular to the detection light path emitted by the detection light source component.
  • the detection laser of the detection light path passes through the alkali metal atomic gas chamber and enters the photoelectric detection component.
  • the pump light source component, detection light source component and photoelectric detection The components are arranged three-dimensionally and are located on the same side of the alkali metal atom gas chamber; the pump optical path includes a first optical path and a second optical path returning along the first optical path; the first optical path, The second optical path passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber to realize polarization pumping of alkali metal atoms that are vaporized at high temperature.
  • a total reflection mirror is provided on an inner surface of the alkali metal atomic gas chamber;
  • the pump light source assembly includes a pump source, and the pump beam emitted by the pump source passes through the alkali metal atomic gas chamber.
  • the first optical path is formed behind the chamber, and the first stroke light of the first optical path is irradiated on the total reflection mirror, and the second optical path is formed under the total reflection of the total reflection mirror.
  • the second optical path is The second path of light passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber.
  • a first reflective mirror is provided on the pump optical path, and the pump beam emitted by the pump source is irradiated on the first reflective mirror, and is formed under the reflection of the first reflective mirror.
  • the reflected light forms the first optical path after passing through the alkali metal atom gas chamber.
  • the pump light source assembly further includes a polarizing element disposed between the pump source and the first reflecting mirror.
  • the pump light source assembly further includes a quarter-wave plate and a beam expander, and the quarter-wave plate and beam expander are disposed between the reflector and the alkali metal atom gas chamber. .
  • a second reflector and a third reflector are provided on the detection light path.
  • the second reflector and the third reflector are respectively located on both sides of the alkali metal atom gas chamber.
  • the detection laser passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber after being reflected by the second reflector, and is irradiated on the third reflector. Under the action of the third reflector, it enters the photodetector of the photoelectric detection component. middle.
  • the total reflection mirror is a total reflection prism.
  • the w function in the formula is the real part of the Lambert complex function
  • n is the alkali metal atomic number density
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the pump light absorption cross-section
  • R SD is the spin destruction relaxation rate
  • R p is the pump rate
  • R P0 is the initial pumping rate
  • R p (z) is the distribution of pump rate in the entire alkali metal atomic gas chamber.
  • the other side of the alkali metal atomic gas chamber away from the same side position is the magnetic detection surface of the atomic magnetometer, and the magnetic detection surface is connected with the pump light source assembly and the detection light source.
  • the cross-sections of the components are not in the same plane.
  • the detection light source assembly includes a detection laser, the detection laser emits the detection laser, and the detection laser is injected into the alkali metal atomic gas chamber to detect the precession state of the atomic spin, and then passes through the The photoelectric detection component converts the optical signal detected by the atomic spin into an electrical signal output.
  • the pump light source component, the detection light source component and the photoelectric detection component are arranged in a three-dimensional space, and the above components are all arranged on the same side of the alkali metal atomic gas chamber.
  • the design of this structure can enable the magnetic detection of the atomic magnetometer.
  • the cross-sections of the pump light source component and the detection light source component are not on the same plane.
  • the magnetic detection surface occupies a smaller scalp surface area. While achieving miniaturization design, it also facilitates better realization of multiple brain magnetic fields. channel detection, thereby improving the detection quality of brain magnetism.
  • the pump optical path as a dual-stroke optical path of a first optical path and a second optical path returning along the first optical path, and the dual-stroke optical path passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber, it is possible to achieve a certain alkali metal atom gas chamber.
  • the stroke of the pump beam in the alkali metal atom gas chamber is increased, thereby improving the uniformity and sensitivity of the atomic polarization rate in the alkali metal atom gas chamber, and greatly improving the detection quality of brain magnetism.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic top view of the structure of an atomic magnetometer in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of an atomic magnetometer in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram along the Z direction of the pump optical path in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the comparison curve between the depth atomic polarizability curve of the double optical path gas chamber in the embodiment of the present application and the depth atomic polarizability curve of the single optical path gas chamber in the prior art;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a comparison curve between the depth normalized sensitivity curve of the double optical path gas chamber in the embodiment of the present application and the depth normalized sensitivity curve of the single optical path gas chamber in the prior art.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body, unless there are clear limitations. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • a miniaturized atomic magnetometer in this embodiment includes a housing 10 , an alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 disposed in the housing, a photodetection component 40 , and a pump light source component. 20.
  • the detection light source component 30, the pump light path 2 and the detection light path 3 perpendicular to the pump light path.
  • the detection laser of the detection light path 3 passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 and enters the photoelectric detection component 40 to detect the optical signal of the atomic spin. Convert into electrical signal output.
  • the pump light source component 20, the detection light source component 30 and the photoelectric detection component 40 are arranged in a three-dimensional space.
  • the meaning of the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of this embodiment can be more clearly understood with reference to Figure 2. That is to say, the pump light source component 20, the detection light source component 30 and the photoelectric detection component are all located on the left side of the alkali metal atom gas chamber 1, and The detection light source assembly 30 is located at the front and upper side of the pump light source assembly 20 , and the photoelectric detection assembly 40 is located at the rear and upper side of the pump light source assembly 20 ; further, in this embodiment, the The first reflecting mirror 25 is located directly below the alkali metal atomic gas chamber 1 , and the second reflecting mirror 33 and the third reflecting mirror 34 provided on the detection optical path 3 are respectively located directly in front and right of the alkali metal atomic gas chamber 1 .
  • the detection light source assembly 30, the second reflector 33, the alkali metal atom gas chamber 1, the third reflector 34 and the photoelectric detection assembly 40 are located on the same lateral plane, and the detection light path of the detection light source assembly 30 passes through the second reflector in sequence 33.
  • the alkali metal atom gas chamber 1, the third reflector 34 and the photoelectric detection component 40; the pump light source component 20, the first reflector 25 and the alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 are located on the same vertical plane.
  • the atomic magnetometer in this embodiment has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the arrangement of the above-mentioned internal structure can make the bottom surface be the detection magnetic sensing surface 11 that is in direct contact with the human scalp;
  • the pump light source component includes a pump light source that emits a pump beam.
  • the detection light source assembly includes a detection laser that emits detection laser and a detection optical element.
  • the atomic magnetometer in this embodiment adopts the reasonable and ingenious structural design of the above-mentioned spatial three-dimensional arrangement.
  • the two light source components that should be directly vertical can be placed On the same side of the alkali metal atom gas chamber, the miniaturized design can be fully realized; and the magnetic sensitivity direction 15 to be measured (as shown in Figure 3) is the radial direction along the scalp, that is to say, as shown in Figure 1 , the detection magnetic sensing surface 11 located on the bottom of the atomic magnetometer is in direct contact with the scalp to ensure that more atomic magnetometers can be arranged on the scalp to better realize multi-channel detection of brain magnetism, thereby improving the effectiveness of brain magnetism. Detection quality.
  • the pump optical path 2 in this embodiment includes a first optical path 21 and the second optical path 22 returning along the first optical path 21.
  • the arrow in the optical path shown in the figure indicates the direction of the laser.
  • the first optical path 21 and the second optical path 22 pass through the alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 to realize the detection of high-temperature steam. Polarization pumping of oxidized alkali metal atoms.
  • a total reflection mirror 24 is provided on one side of the alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 in this embodiment, and the total reflection mirror 24 is located at the side of the alkali metal atom gas chamber 1 relative to the first reflection mirror.
  • the pump beam emitted by the pump source can be smoothly injected into the total reflection mirror after passing through the alkali metal atomic gas chamber, and the first path light of the first optical path 21 is caused by the total reflection of the total reflection mirror.
  • the second optical path 22 is formed by returning along the route of the first optical path.
  • the second path light of the second optical path 22 returned by total reflection is injected into the alkali metal atomic gas chamber to achieve a secondary return compensation polarization of the alkali metal atoms, thereby ensuring It improves the polarization uniformity of alkali metal atoms and improves the sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer.
  • FIG. 4 the schematic diagram of the comparison curve between the depth atomic polarizability curve of the double optical path gas chamber and the depth atomic polarizability curve of the single optical path gas chamber in the prior art is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the dual-stroke normalized atomic polarizability of the embodiment of the present application is maintained between 0.41 and 0.58 in the alkali metal atomic gas chamber; from the N times of the R&D personnel
  • the exploration experimental data that when the atomic polarizability in the alkali metal atomic gas chamber is between 0.4 and 0.6, especially when the atomic polarizability thresholds in the alkali metal atomic gas chamber are 0.4, 0.41, 0.5, 0.58, and 0.6 , can achieve higher detection efficiency and ensure the quality of magnetic brain detection.
  • the present invention The dual optical path detection sensitivity in the application embodiment still maintains a high sensitivity threshold (between 0.96 and 1.00) as the depth of the air chamber increases; while the single optical path detection sensitivity in the prior art increases with the depth of the air chamber. With the increase, the detection sensitivity threshold becomes smaller and smaller. Especially after entering half of the air chamber depth, the detection sensitivity threshold drops sharply, which seriously affects the detection efficiency and detection quality.
  • the round-trip dual-channel beam used in this embodiment undoubtedly increases the stroke of the pump beam within the limited volume of the atomic gas chamber, ensuring that the energy generated by the atoms in the atomic gas chamber is absorbed. level transition, which greatly improves the uniformity of atomic polarizability and the detection sensitivity of atomic magnetometers, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency and detection quality of brain magnetism.
  • the pump optical path in this embodiment preferably includes, but is not limited to, two traveling optical paths: a first optical path and a second optical path. It can be designed as multiple round-trip optical paths according to actual conditions. Among them, the round-trip double-stroke optical path on the pump optical path is a beam of circularly polarized light with a wavelength corresponding to the energy spectrum line of its excited state applied to the alkali metal atoms. The atoms absorb energy to produce energy level transitions. According to the principle of optical pumping, eventually a large number of Gathered in a hyperfine energy level to achieve very high polarizability.
  • the atoms When there is a small magnetic field around the spin of polarized atoms, the atoms will undergo Larmor precession under the external magnetic field to produce a precession angle.
  • the size of the precession angle is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field within a certain range. Proportional.
  • linearly polarized light perpendicular to a detection laser beam on the detection optical path and a double-stroke pump beam on the pump optical path passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber. Due to the interaction between the light and the precessing atoms, the polarization direction will change. Micro deflection, through the photoelectric detection component to detect changes in polarization angle to directly reflect the size of the magnetic field, accurately achieve the brain magnetic detection of the atomic magnetometer.
  • the detection laser emitted by the detection laser in the detection light source assembly 30 passes through the detection optical element and is injected into the alkali metal atomic gas chamber for detecting the precession state of the atomic spin, and then passes through the photoelectric detection component. 40 Converts the optical signal detected by atomic spin into electrical signal output.
  • the total reflection mirror in this embodiment is preferably, but is not limited to, a coated total reflection prism.
  • the light passes through the prism and strikes one of the right angles.
  • the angle of the incident light is greater than the critical angle of the glass (42°)
  • total reflection will occur on this surface.
  • the light will hit another right-angled side, and total reflection will occur on this right-angled side.
  • This beam of light will emit in the same direction as the incident light. It can also be a corner cube prism, an isosceles prism, etc. These prisms do not introduce significant power loss.
  • the pump optical path 2 in this embodiment is provided with a pump laser, a polarizing element, and a reflecting mirror 25 in this order. That is to say, the pump beam emitted by the pump source passes through the PBS (polarizing beam splitter prism) and the reflector 25, passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber, and then returns to the alkali metal atom gas chamber through the silver-coated total radiation mirror to achieve Double trip purpose.
  • PBS polarizing beam splitter prism
  • the pump laser is used to emit pump laser light
  • the polarizing element preferably a polarizing beam splitter
  • the reference beam is fed back to the pump laser controller and used to select and stabilize the pump laser frequency and power, while the main beam passes through the reflector, quarter-wave plate and beam expander in sequence and then is injected into the alkali metal atoms.
  • the quarter-wave plate is used to convert linearly polarized laser into circularly polarized laser
  • the beam expander is used to expand the pump laser beam and irradiate the entire atomic gas chamber. .
  • the first path light passes through the alkali metal atomic gas chamber, it returns through the silver-coated total radiation mirror 24 to form a second path light.
  • This second path light passes through the alkali metal atomic gas chamber.
  • Chamber 1 returns to the polarizing beam splitter along the route of the first stroke light.
  • the power information of the driving light can be obtained from the second stroke light.
  • the return power is inferred. An important reference indicator for whether the light intensity is appropriate.
  • the pump beam emitted by the pump optical path in this embodiment propagates in the alkali metal atom gas chamber, it will be absorbed by the alkali metal atoms, causing polarization in the alkali metal atom gas chamber.
  • rate gradient the differential equation of the attenuation of the pump beam when it propagates in the alkali metal atomic gas chamber is:
  • w in the formula is the real part of the Lambert complex function
  • n is the alkali metal atomic number density
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the pump light absorption cross-section
  • R SD is the spin destruction relaxation rate
  • R p is the pump rate
  • R P0 is the initial pumping rate
  • R p (z) is the distribution of pump rate in the entire alkali metal atomic gas chamber.
  • the above formula in this embodiment is the calculation method of the pumping rate in the gas chamber of alkali metal atoms.
  • atomic polarizability pumping rate/(pumping rate + spin destruction relaxation rate), Pump rate:
  • the round-trip double-stroke pump beam used in this embodiment undoubtedly increases the stroke within the limited volume of the atomic gas chamber, ensuring the stability of the energy level transition produced by the atoms in the atomic gas chamber, making the entire alkali metal atomic gas
  • the distribution of the pump rate in the room is uniformed, thereby improving the uniformity of the atomic polarization rate in the entire alkali metal atomic gas chamber and the detection sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer, greatly improving the detection efficiency and detection quality of brain magnetism.
  • the present invention arranges the pump light source component, the detection light source component and the photoelectric detection component in a three-dimensional space, and the above components are all arranged on the same side of the alkali metal atomic gas chamber.
  • the design of this structure can make the atomic magnetometer
  • the magnetic detection surface is not on the same plane as the pump light source component and the detection light source component.
  • the magnetic detection surface occupies a small scalp surface area. While achieving miniaturization design, it also facilitates better realization of brain magnetism. Multi-channel detection, thereby improving the quality of brain magnetism detection.
  • the pump optical path as a dual-stroke optical path of a first optical path and a second optical path returning along the first optical path, and the dual-stroke optical path passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber, it is possible to achieve a certain alkali metal atom gas chamber.
  • the stroke of the pump beam in the alkali metal atom gas chamber is increased, thereby improving the uniformity and sensitivity of the atomic polarization rate in the alkali metal atom gas chamber, greatly improving the detection quality of brain magnetism, and thus solving the existing technology problems.
  • the structural design of the neutron atomic magnetometer limits its miniaturization application and cannot guarantee the uniformity of atomic polarizability in the alkali metal atomic gas chamber, which greatly reduces the technical problems of brain magnetic detection quality.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un magnétomètre atomique miniaturisé comprenant une cellule à vapeur atomique de métal alcalin (1), un ensemble source de lumière de pompage (20), un ensemble source de lumière de détection (30) et un ensemble de détection photoélectrique (40). Le trajet de lumière de pompage (2) est perpendiculaire au trajet de lumière de détection (3). Le laser de détection du trajet de lumière de détection (3) traverse la cellule de vapeur atomique de métal alcalin (1) pour entrer dans l'ensemble de détection photoélectrique (40). L'ensemble source de lumière de pompage (20), l'ensemble source de lumière de détection (30) et l'ensemble de détection photoélectrique (40) sont agencés en trois dimensions et sont tous situés sur le même côté de la cellule à vapeur atomique de métal alcalin (1). Le trajet de lumière de pompage (2) comprend un premier trajet de lumière (21) et un second trajet de lumière (22) qui revient le long de l'itinéraire du premier trajet de lumière (21). Le premier trajet de lumière (21) et le second trajet de lumière (22) traversent la cellule de vapeur atomique de métal alcalin (1) pour réaliser un pompage de polarisation des atomes de métal alcalin à une température élevée. La conception structurale raisonnable et ingénieuse peut réaliser une miniaturisation tout en améliorant l'uniformité et la sensibilité de détection de la polarisabilité atomique dans la cellule de vapeur atomique de métal alcalin (1), ce qui permet d'améliorer considérablement l'efficacité et la qualité de la détection magnétoencéphalographique.
PCT/CN2022/107796 2022-07-20 2022-07-26 Magnétomètre atomique miniaturisé WO2024016371A1 (fr)

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