WO2024013251A1 - Method for producing an optimised loose insulating material, and insulating structure comprising such a material - Google Patents

Method for producing an optimised loose insulating material, and insulating structure comprising such a material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024013251A1
WO2024013251A1 PCT/EP2023/069361 EP2023069361W WO2024013251A1 WO 2024013251 A1 WO2024013251 A1 WO 2024013251A1 EP 2023069361 W EP2023069361 W EP 2023069361W WO 2024013251 A1 WO2024013251 A1 WO 2024013251A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
straw
cellulose wadding
defibrated
insulating material
mixer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/069361
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Serge FAUVE
Pierre Fehr
Rémy GRUNNAGEL
Charles Herrmann
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Cibb (Construction Innovation Bois Beton)
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Publication date
Application filed by Cibb (Construction Innovation Bois Beton) filed Critical Cibb (Construction Innovation Bois Beton)
Publication of WO2024013251A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024013251A1/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/02—Cotton wool; Wadding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7604—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only fillings for cavity walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of bulk insulating materials used in new buildings or in buildings under renovation. These materials are generally intended to reinforce the thermal performance of an attic, an intermediate floor or an exterior wall. These bulk insulating materials can also be integrated into prefabricated modular wooden structures or into mixed prefabricated wood - concrete structures, by blowing.
  • biosourced insulating materials are, for example, made with renewable and recyclable raw materials, such as wood fibers, cellulose wadding, textile fibers, expanded cork, hemp, sheep's wool or other biosourced materials.
  • biosourced materials we mean materials derived from renewable organic matter (biomass) of plant or animal origin.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the manufacture of bulk biosourced insulating materials as well as the design and manufacture of insulating structures comprising such materials.
  • Such an insulating material however, has a density of approximately 40 kg/m 3 , which may prove insufficient, depending on the embodiments considered, to protect against summer heat if one wishes to obtain real thermal comfort.
  • document EP 2 204 483 discloses a process for manufacturing bulk insulation, in which cellulose wadding is mixed with animal or plant fibers.
  • the weight ratio of cellulose wadding relative to the total mass is 35% to 60%. This significant proportion of cellulose wadding is not likely to give the insulating material interesting thermal and ecological performances.
  • the object of the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a new process for manufacturing a biosourced insulating material in bulk, from ecological, renewable, recyclable raw materials available almost everywhere. countrisides.
  • Another object of the invention aims to propose a process for manufacturing bulk insulating material, free of boron salt.
  • Another object of the invention aims to propose a process for manufacturing bulk insulating material, easy to implement and economical.
  • Another object of the invention aims to provide a new bulk insulating material, capable of being blown or blown into cavities and having excellent thermal and sound insulation performances.
  • Another object of the invention aims to provide prefabricated insulating modular elements, integrating the new insulating material and having excellent fire resistance, thermal and sound insulation performances.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are achieved using a process for manufacturing a bulk insulating material based on cereal straw, characterized in what it includes the steps: a) mechanically crush the straw to obtain a defibrated straw whose strands have an average length between 3 mm and 22 mm and preferably between 3 mm and 11 mm and whose average diameter is between between 0.5 mm and 4.0 mm and preferably between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, b) use cellulose wadding and carry out detangling and aeration of said cellulose wadding, c) use a mixer and mix the defibrated straw under a) and the cellulose wadding prepared under b), said cellulose wadding being introduced into the mixer with a mass proportion between 1% and 30%, relative to the total mass of the defibrated straw and cellulose wadding, d) inject compressed air into the mixer to homogenize said mixture and to obtain a mixture having a density of between 55 kg/m 3 and 65 kg/m 3 , and e) carry out the
  • the method consists in step a) of using at least one crusher to shred and grind the straw into bales, said at least one crusher comprising adjustable shredding/grinding tools to define the properties of shapes and dimensions of the strands of defibred straw obtained, said tools comprising in series expensive and hammers.
  • the method consists in step c) of using at least one mixer of the rotating cylinder and/or drop cage type.
  • the process consists of filtering the defibred straw obtained under a) to remove dust and other impurities in a mass proportion of at least 2% and preferably at least 5%. 10% of defibrated straw. This filtration advantageously reduces the risk of explosion on the manufacturing site linked to a significant concentration of dust in the air.
  • the process consists of mixing the cellulose wadding or the cellulose wadding - defibrated straw mixture, with one or more adjuvants, comprising at least one fire retardant product with a proportion by mass relative to the total mass of the mixed products under c), of between 10% and 30%.
  • the fire retardant product is for example chosen from a family of geosourced products.
  • the fire retardant product is in viscous or liquid form and comprises a geopolymer of the metakaolin type.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a prefabricated modular wooden structure to make a wall or a wall or to cover a wall of a building, exterior side or interior side.
  • This structure advantageously comprises at least one cavity containing the insulating material obtained according to the manufacturing process detailed above.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a mixed prefabricated modular structure in wood and concrete to create a wall or a wall or to cover a wall of a building, exterior side or interior side.
  • This structure advantageously comprises at least one cavity containing the insulating material obtained according to the manufacturing process presented above.
  • the process according to the invention provides the remarkable advantage that the insulating material obtained comprises cereal straw, which is available in large quantities and in almost all regions.
  • the straw does not require any treatment prior to the manufacture of the bulk insulating material according to the process according to the invention.
  • the straw can therefore be stored as is, from harvest, while awaiting its transformation to make the insulating material.
  • the bulk insulating material obtained with the process according to the invention, comprises a very interesting product from an ecological point of view, in this case straw, which has very good CO2 storage/emission performance. significantly superior to the performance of other insulating materials, namely wood wool, cellulose wadding, grass wool or hemp wool.
  • Another advantage of the bulk insulating material obtained with the process according to the invention lies in the fact that it is perfectly suited to existing blowing devices usually operating with other bulk insulating materials. Users of this new bulk insulating material can therefore keep their old blowing or insufflation equipment without modifying them.
  • the material obtained using the process according to the invention also presents remarkable performances. Indeed, this material has a thermal conductivity coefficient lambda- ⁇ (W/m.K) of 0.038, which is remarkable, knowing that the thermal conductivity coefficient is between 0.052 and 0.080 for straw, between 0.037 and 0.044 for expanded cork and between 0.037 and 0.042 for cellulose wadding.
  • the material obtained according to the process according to the invention also presents, surprisingly, great lightness and great homogeneity.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a flowchart of an example of implementation of the process for manufacturing a bulk insulating material according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates, using a flowchart, an example of implementing a process for manufacturing a bulk insulating material from cereal straw, such as wheat, barley, oats, rapeseed, miscanthus, rice straw or various mixtures of these.
  • cereal straw such as wheat, barley, oats, rapeseed, miscanthus, rice straw or various mixtures of these.
  • the installation includes, for example, a grinding and defibration unit 1 making it possible to transform raw straw into defibrated straw by shredding and grinding.
  • the grinding and defibring unit 1 advantageously comprises tools allowing you to cut and split the strands of straw.
  • the grinding and defibring unit 1 comprises two grinders associated in series.
  • the first crusher includes, for example, tools for cutting strands of straw, such as knives.
  • the second crusher includes, for example, tools for breaking straw strands, such as hammers.
  • defibrated straw a straw comprising non-homogeneous strands of average length between 3 mm and 22 mm and preferably between 3 mm and 11 mm and whose average diameter is between 0.5 mm. and 4.0 mm and preferably between 0.5 and 2.5 mm.
  • the average diameter must be understood as being the largest dimension of the strand of straw, taken in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of said strand.
  • a defibred straw comprises from 29% to 33% of strands having an average length of 9.633 mm with an average diameter greater than 2 mm, from 32% to 37% of strands having an average length of 6.951 mm with an average diameter greater than 1 mm and 16% to 20% of strands having an average length of 3.960 mm with an average diameter greater than 0.5 mm.
  • the remainder of this sampling example is considered to be dust, which is preferably removed by filtration using a filtration/dosing unit 2.
  • the installation includes a grinding and defibration unit 1 supplied with straw, for example packaged in bales or bundles.
  • the grinding and defibration unit 1 comprises for example two grinders in series, which may include grinding tools having specific shapes or settings.
  • the or each crusher thus includes adjustable cutting, bursting and/or shredding tools to define the shape and size parameters of the strands of the defibrated straw.
  • the grinding and defibration unit 1 includes knives for cutting the strands of straw and hammers for breaking said strands.
  • one or more passages can be provided in the grinding and defibration unit 1. The number of passages depends on the morphology (shape, length and diameter) sought for the strands of defibrated straw. We thus obtain a defibrated straw, at the outlet of the grinding and defibration unit 1, composed of strands optimized in size and shape to promote their mixing with the cellulose wadding on the one hand and to improve the thermal insulation properties and phonics of the insulating material obtained on the other hand.
  • the installation also includes a filtering and dosing unit 2 which directly supplies a mixer 3.
  • the filtering operation is carried out for example using, for example, a vibrating sieve and/or using a cyclonic separator.
  • the latter can advantageously be used to transfer the defibrated straw to the mixer 3.
  • Filtering makes it possible to separate the defibrated straw from dust and other impurities by gravity or by cyclonic filtering.
  • the mixer 3 comprises for example at least one mixer of the rotating cylinder and/or drop cage type.
  • the installation also includes a first dosing and spraying unit 4a to supply the mixer 3 with adjuvants.
  • the latter include at least one fungicidal adjuvant F.
  • These adjuvants may also include a fire retardant adjuvant R.
  • the installation also includes a second dosing and spraying unit 4b to supply the mixer 3 with cellulose wadding.
  • the installation advantageously comprises a detangling and aeration unit 5 for decompacting the cellulose wadding before its dosage and pulverization in the mixer 3.
  • the detangling and aeration unit 5 comprises for example a carding system.
  • the installation also includes a compressor 6 to inject compressed air into the mixer 3, thus promoting the homogenization and aeration of the mixture.
  • the installation also includes a bagging and palletizing unit 7 for the insulating material at the outlet of the mixer 3.
  • the bulk insulating material is therefore manufactured according to the manufacturing process in accordance with the invention and detailed below.
  • the process for manufacturing bulk insulating material based on cereal straw comprises a step a) consisting of mechanically shredding and crushing the straw to obtain a defibrated straw whose strands preferably have an average length of between 3 mm and 11 mm and whose average diameter is between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm.
  • the process consists of filtering the defibrated straw obtained under a) to remove dust and other impurities in a mass proportion of at least 2% and preferably 5% to 10% of the defibrated straw.
  • the separation of unwanted residues and dust or other materials affecting the performance of the insulating material can therefore be done by gravity using a sieve, for example vibrating or using cyclonic filtering.
  • step b) the process consisted of using cellulose wadding and carrying out disentangling and aeration of said cellulose wadding.
  • This phase of disentangling and aeration of the cellulose wadding can be carried out separately in an additional installation or directly in the mixer 3, before introducing the defibrated straw into said mixer 3.
  • step c) the process consists of mixing the defibrated straw under a) and the cellulose wadding prepared under b).
  • the cellulose wadding is therefore introduced into the mixer 3, before the defibrated straw, for example by spraying, with a proportion by mass of between 1% and 30% relative to the total mass of the defibrated straw and the cellulose wadding. .
  • the process consists of injecting compressed air into the mixer 3 to homogenize the mixture and to obtain an insulating material having a density of between 55 kg/m 3 and 65 kg/m 3 . It is this density that must be achieved, for example, when blowing bulk material into cavities.
  • the duration of the mixing operation depends on the size of the mixer 3.
  • the process then consists, according to step e), of bagging the insulating material thus obtained and, where appropriate, palletizing it.
  • the process consists of filtering the defibred straw obtained under a) to remove dust and other impurities in a mass proportion of at least 2% and preferably 5% to 10%. defibrated straw.
  • the process consists of mixing the cellulose wadding, or the cellulose wadding - defibrated straw mixture, with one or more adjuvants comprising a fungicide product, for example with a proportion by mass relative to the mass total of the mixture, between 0.03% and 11% and preferably between 0.5 and 4%.
  • the adjuvants include at least one fire retardant product with a proportion by mass relative to the total mass of the mixed products of between 10% and 30%.
  • the precise proportion can be chosen according to the properties and performance desired for the bulk material.
  • the fire retardant product viscous or liquid, comprises a geopolymer of the metakaolin type.
  • one or more adjuvants, fungicides and/or fire retardants can be mixed with the cellulose wadding before the mixing operation with the defibrated straw.
  • the invention also relates to a prefabricated modular wooden structure for making a wall or for covering a wall of a building, on the exterior side or interior side.
  • a structure comprises at least one cavity containing the insulating material obtained according to the manufacturing process detailed above.
  • the invention also relates to a mixed prefabricated modular structure made of wood and concrete for making a wall or for covering a wall of a building, on the exterior side or the interior side.
  • a mixed prefabricated modular structure made of wood and concrete for making a wall or for covering a wall of a building, on the exterior side or the interior side.
  • Such a structure comprises at least one cavity containing the insulating material obtained according to the manufacturing process detailed above.
  • the cellulose wadding used is manufactured entirely from recycled paper or from recycled paper incorporating recycled cardboard. It is obvious that the present description is not limited to the examples explicitly described, but also includes other embodiments and implementations. Thus, a technical characteristic described, or a process step described, can be replaced by an equivalent technical characteristic, respectively an equivalent step, without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a loose insulating material based on cereal straw, characterised in that it comprises the steps of: a) shredding the straw to obtain a defibred straw of which the strands have an average length of between 3 mm and 11 mm and of which the average diameter is between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm; b) using cellulose wadding and untangling and aerating the cellulose wadding; c) mixing the straw defibred in step a) and the cellulose wadding prepared in step b), the cellulose wadding being introduced into the mixer 3 before the defibred straw, with a proportion by weight of between 1% and 30%; d) injecting compressed air to homogenise the mixture and to obtain a mixture having a density of between 55 kg/m3 and 65 kg/m3; and e) bagging the insulating material thus obtained.

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D’UN MATERIAU ISOLANT OPTIMISE PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN OPTIMIZED INSULATING MATERIAL
EN VRAC ET STRUCTURE ISOLANTE COMPORTANT UN TELIN BULK AND INSULATING STRUCTURE COMPRISING SUCH
MATERIAU MATERIAL
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine technique général des matériaux isolants en vrac utilisés dans des bâtiments neufs ou dans des bâtiments en rénovation. Ces matériaux sont en général destinés à renforcer la performance thermique d’un comble perdu, d’un plancher intermédiaire ou d’un mur extérieur. Ces matériaux isolants en vrac peuvent aussi être intégrés dans des structures modulaires préfabriquées en bois ou dans des structures préfabriquées mixtes en bois - béton, par insufflation. The present invention relates to the general technical field of bulk insulating materials used in new buildings or in buildings under renovation. These materials are generally intended to reinforce the thermal performance of an attic, an intermediate floor or an exterior wall. These bulk insulating materials can also be integrated into prefabricated modular wooden structures or into mixed prefabricated wood - concrete structures, by blowing.
Il est de plus en plus demandé dans les cahiers des charges des appels d’offres publics ou privés, en France et dans d’autres pays, d’utiliser des matériaux isolants biosourcés, présentant une empreinte écologique la plus faible possible. Ces matériaux isolants sont par exemple fabriqués avec des matières brutes renouvelables et recyclables, du genre fibres de bois, ouate de cellulose, fibres textiles, liège expansé, chanvre, laine de mouton ou autres matières biosourcées. It is increasingly requested in the specifications of public or private calls for tender, in France and in other countries, to use biosourced insulating materials, presenting the lowest possible ecological footprint. These insulating materials are, for example, made with renewable and recyclable raw materials, such as wood fibers, cellulose wadding, textile fibers, expanded cork, hemp, sheep's wool or other biosourced materials.
On entend par « matériaux biosourcés » des matériaux issus de la matière organique renouvelable (biomasse) d’origine végétale ou animale. By “biosourced materials” we mean materials derived from renewable organic matter (biomass) of plant or animal origin.
L’invention concerne plus particulièrement la fabrication de matériaux isolants biosourcés en vrac ainsi que la conception et la fabrication de structures isolantes comportant de tels matériaux. The invention relates more particularly to the manufacture of bulk biosourced insulating materials as well as the design and manufacture of insulating structures comprising such materials.
Technique antérieure Prior art
On connait par exemple l’utilisation de laine minérale en vrac destinée à être soufflée dans les combles ou insufflée dans une cloison creuse d’un mur. For example, we know the use of bulk mineral wool intended to be blown into the attic or blown into a hollow partition in a wall.
Un tel matériau isolant présente cependant une masse volumique d’environ 40 kg/m3, ce qui peut s’avérer insuffisant, selon les réalisations considérées, pour se protéger de la chaleur estivale si l’on souhaite obtenir un véritable confort thermique. Such an insulating material, however, has a density of approximately 40 kg/m 3 , which may prove insufficient, depending on the embodiments considered, to protect against summer heat if one wishes to obtain real thermal comfort.
La plupart des matériaux en vrac connus ne sont pas biosourcés. On peut citer par exemple les laines minérales ou hybrides. En outre, ces matériaux en vrac présentent des performances d’isolation insuffisante en été. Most known bulk materials are not biobased. We can cite for example mineral or hybrid wools. In addition, these bulk materials have insufficient insulation performance in summer.
Les produits biosourcés que l’on trouve sur le marché, comme par exemple la ouate de cellulose, présentent un classement de réaction au feu, généralement E ou F. Ces mauvaises performances nécessitent de rajouter, par exemple dans la conception de de parois isolantes, des matériaux ignifuges. Il en résulte un renchérissement de ces solutions. En outre, l’utilisation de ces matériaux ignifuges, non biosourcés, a un impact négatif sur bilan carbone de ces solutions. Biosourced products found on the market, such as cellulose wadding, have a reaction to fire classification, generally E or F. These poor performances require adding, for example in the design of insulating walls, fire-retardant materials. This results in an increase in the cost of these solutions. In addition, the use of these flame-retardant, non-biosourced materials has a negative impact on the carbon footprint of these solutions.
A titre d’exemple, le document EP 2 204 483 divulgue un procédé de fabrication d’un isolant en vrac, dans lequel de la ouate de cellulose est mélangée à des fibres animales ou végétales. Le rapport pondéral de ouate de cellulose par rapport à la masse totale est de 35% à 60%. Cette proportion importante de ouate de cellulose n’est pas de nature à conférer au matériau isolant des performances thermique et écologiques intéressantes. For example, document EP 2 204 483 discloses a process for manufacturing bulk insulation, in which cellulose wadding is mixed with animal or plant fibers. The weight ratio of cellulose wadding relative to the total mass is 35% to 60%. This significant proportion of cellulose wadding is not likely to give the insulating material interesting thermal and ecological performances.
Présentation de l’invention Presentation of the invention
L’objet de l’invention vise par conséquent à pallier les inconvénients de l’art antérieur en proposant un nouveau procédé de fabrication d’un matériau isolant biosourcé en vrac, à partir de matières brutes écologiques, renouvelables, recyclables et disponibles quasiment dans toutes les campagnes. The object of the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a new process for manufacturing a biosourced insulating material in bulk, from ecological, renewable, recyclable raw materials available almost everywhere. countrisides.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un procédé de fabrication de matière isolante en vrac, exempte de sel de bore. Another object of the invention aims to propose a process for manufacturing bulk insulating material, free of boron salt.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un procédé de fabrication de matière isolante en vrac, facile à mettre en œuvre et économique. Another object of the invention aims to propose a process for manufacturing bulk insulating material, easy to implement and economical.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à fournir un nouveau matériau isolant en vrac, susceptible d’être soufflé ou insufflé dans des cavités et présentant d’excellentes performances d’isolation thermique et phonique. Another object of the invention aims to provide a new bulk insulating material, capable of being blown or blown into cavities and having excellent thermal and sound insulation performances.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à fournir des éléments modulaires préfabriqués isolants, intégrant le nouveau matériau isolant et présentant d’excellentes performances de résistance au feu, d’isolation thermique et phonique. Another object of the invention aims to provide prefabricated insulating modular elements, integrating the new insulating material and having excellent fire resistance, thermal and sound insulation performances.
Les objets assignés à l’invention sont atteints à l’aide d’un procédé de fabrication d’un matériau isolant en vrac à base de paille de céréales, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend les étapes : a) broyer mécaniquement la paille pour obtenir une paille défibrée dont les brins présentent une longueur moyenne comprise entre 3 mm et 22 mm et de préférence comprise entre 3 mm et 11 mm et dont le diamètre moyen est compris entre 0,5 mm et 4,0 mm et de préférence compris entre 0,5 et 2,5 mm, b) utiliser de la ouate de cellulose et effectuer un démêlage et une aération de ladite ouate de cellulose, c) utiliser un mélangeur et mélanger la paille défibrée sous a) et la ouate de cellulose préparée sous b), ladite ouate de cellulose étant introduite dans le mélangeur avec une proportion en masse comprise et 1% et 30%, par rapport à la masse totale de la paille défibrée et de la ouate de cellulose, d) injecter de l’air comprimé dans le mélangeur pour homogénéiser ledit mélange et pour obtenir un mélange présentant une masse volumique comprise entre 55 kg/m3 et 65 kg/m3, et e) effectuer l’ensachement du matériau isolant ainsi obtenu. The objects assigned to the invention are achieved using a process for manufacturing a bulk insulating material based on cereal straw, characterized in what it includes the steps: a) mechanically crush the straw to obtain a defibrated straw whose strands have an average length between 3 mm and 22 mm and preferably between 3 mm and 11 mm and whose average diameter is between between 0.5 mm and 4.0 mm and preferably between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, b) use cellulose wadding and carry out detangling and aeration of said cellulose wadding, c) use a mixer and mix the defibrated straw under a) and the cellulose wadding prepared under b), said cellulose wadding being introduced into the mixer with a mass proportion between 1% and 30%, relative to the total mass of the defibrated straw and cellulose wadding, d) inject compressed air into the mixer to homogenize said mixture and to obtain a mixture having a density of between 55 kg/m 3 and 65 kg/m 3 , and e) carry out the bagging of the insulating material thus obtained.
Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, le procédé consiste sous l’étape a) à utiliser au moins un broyeur pour déchiqueter et broyer la paille en balles, ledit au moins un broyeur compotant des outils de déchiquetage / broyage réglables pour définir les propriétés de formes et de dimensions des brins de paille défibrée obtenue, lesdits outils comprenant en série des coûteux et des marteaux. According to an example of implementation, the method consists in step a) of using at least one crusher to shred and grind the straw into bales, said at least one crusher comprising adjustable shredding/grinding tools to define the properties of shapes and dimensions of the strands of defibred straw obtained, said tools comprising in series expensive and hammers.
A titre d’exemple, le procédé consiste sous l’étape c) à utiliser au moins un mélangeur du genre cylindre rotatif et/ou cage de chute. For example, the method consists in step c) of using at least one mixer of the rotating cylinder and/or drop cage type.
Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, le procédé consiste à filtrer la paille défibrée obtenue sous a) pour évacuer des poussières et autres impuretés à hauteur d’une proportion en masse d’au moins 2% et de préférence d’au moins 5% à 10% de la paille défibrée. Cette filtration permet avantageusement de réduire les risques d’explosion sur le site de fabrication liés à une concentration importante de poussières dans l’air. According to an example of implementation, the process consists of filtering the defibred straw obtained under a) to remove dust and other impurities in a mass proportion of at least 2% and preferably at least 5%. 10% of defibrated straw. This filtration advantageously reduces the risk of explosion on the manufacturing site linked to a significant concentration of dust in the air.
Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, consiste à mélanger la ouate de cellulose ou le mélange ouate de cellulose - paille défibrée, avec un ou plusieurs adjuvants comprenant un produit fongicide. According to an example of implementation, consists of mixing the cellulose wadding or the cellulose wadding - defibrated straw mixture, with one or more adjuvants comprising a fungicide product.
Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, le procédé consiste à mélanger la ouate de cellulose ou le mélange ouate de cellulose - paille défibrée, avec un ou plusieurs adjuvants, comprenant au moins un produit retardateur au feu avec une proportion en masse par rapport à la masse totale des produits mélangés sous c), comprise entre 10% et 30%. According to an example of implementation, the process consists of mixing the cellulose wadding or the cellulose wadding - defibrated straw mixture, with one or more adjuvants, comprising at least one fire retardant product with a proportion by mass relative to the total mass of the mixed products under c), of between 10% and 30%.
Le produit retardateur au feu est par exemple choisi parmi une famille de produits géosourcés. The fire retardant product is for example chosen from a family of geosourced products.
Selon un autre exemple de mise en œuvre du procédé, le produit retardateur au feu est sous forme visqueuse ou liquide et comprend un géopolymère du genre métakaolin. According to another example of implementation of the process, the fire retardant product is in viscous or liquid form and comprises a geopolymer of the metakaolin type.
Les objets assignés à l’invention sont également atteints à l’aide d’une structure modulaire préfabriquée en bois pour réaliser une paroi ou un mur ou pour recouvrir un mur d’un bâtiment, côté extérieur ou côté intérieur. Cette structure comprend avantageusement au moins une cavité contenant le matériau isolant obtenu selon le procédé de fabrication détaillé ci-dessus. The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a prefabricated modular wooden structure to make a wall or a wall or to cover a wall of a building, exterior side or interior side. This structure advantageously comprises at least one cavity containing the insulating material obtained according to the manufacturing process detailed above.
Les objets assignés à l’invention sont également atteints à l’aide d’une structure modulaire préfabriquée mixte en bois et béton pour réaliser une paroi ou un mur ou pour recouvrir un mur d’un bâtiment, côté extérieur ou côté intérieur. Cette structure comprend avantageusement au moins une cavité contenant le matériau isolant obtenu selon le procédé de fabrication présenté ci-dessus. The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a mixed prefabricated modular structure in wood and concrete to create a wall or a wall or to cover a wall of a building, exterior side or interior side. This structure advantageously comprises at least one cavity containing the insulating material obtained according to the manufacturing process presented above.
Le procédé conforme à l’invention procure l’avantage remarquable que le matériau isolant obtenu comporte de la paille de céréales, laquelle est disponible en grande quantité et c dans presque toutes les régions. The process according to the invention provides the remarkable advantage that the insulating material obtained comprises cereal straw, which is available in large quantities and in almost all regions.
En outre, la paille ne nécessite aucun traitement préalable à la fabrication du matériau isolant en vrac selon le procédé conforme à l’invention. La paille peut donc être stockée en l’état, dès la récolte, en attendant sa transformation pour fabrique le matériau isolant. In addition, the straw does not require any treatment prior to the manufacture of the bulk insulating material according to the process according to the invention. The straw can therefore be stored as is, from harvest, while awaiting its transformation to make the insulating material.
Par ailleurs, le matériau isolant en vrac, obtenu avec le procédé conforme à l’invention, comporte un produit très intéressant sur un plan écologique, en l’occurrence la paille, qui présente des performances en matière de stockage/émission de CO2, très nettement supérieures aux performances d’autres matériaux isolants, à savoir la laine de bois, la ouate de cellulose, la laine de gazon ou la laine de chanvre. Un autre avantage du matériau isolant en vrac obtenu avec le procédé conforme à l’invention, réside dans le fait qu’il est parfaitement adapté aux dispositifs d’insufflation existants fonctionnant habituellement avec d’autres matériaux isolants en vrac. Les utilisateurs de ce nouveau matériau isolant en vrac peuvent donc conserver leurs anciens matériels de soufflage ou d’insufflation sans les modifier. Furthermore, the bulk insulating material, obtained with the process according to the invention, comprises a very interesting product from an ecological point of view, in this case straw, which has very good CO2 storage/emission performance. significantly superior to the performance of other insulating materials, namely wood wool, cellulose wadding, grass wool or hemp wool. Another advantage of the bulk insulating material obtained with the process according to the invention lies in the fact that it is perfectly suited to existing blowing devices usually operating with other bulk insulating materials. Users of this new bulk insulating material can therefore keep their old blowing or insufflation equipment without modifying them.
Le matériau obtenu à l’aide du procédé conforme à l’invention présente par ailleurs des performances remarquables. En effet, ce matériau présente un coefficient de conductivité thermique lambda- Â (W/m.K) de 0,038, ce qui est remarquable, sachant que le coefficient de conduction thermique est compris entre 0,052 et 0,080 pour la paille, compris entre 0,037 et 0,044 pour le liège expansé et compris entre 0,037 et 0,042 pour la ouate de cellulose. The material obtained using the process according to the invention also presents remarkable performances. Indeed, this material has a thermal conductivity coefficient lambda- Â (W/m.K) of 0.038, which is remarkable, knowing that the thermal conductivity coefficient is between 0.052 and 0.080 for straw, between 0.037 and 0.044 for expanded cork and between 0.037 and 0.042 for cellulose wadding.
Le matériau obtenu selon le procédé conforme à l’invention présente par ailleurs, de façon surprenante, une grande légèreté et une grande homogénéité. The material obtained according to the process according to the invention also presents, surprisingly, great lightness and great homogeneity.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, faite en référence au dessin annexé, donné à titre d’exemple non limitatif, dans lequel : Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawing, given by way of non-limiting example, in which:
• la figure 1 est une vue schématique d’un logigramme d’un exemple de mise en œuvre du procédé de fabrication d’un matériau isolant en vrac conforme à l’invention. • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a flowchart of an example of implementation of the process for manufacturing a bulk insulating material according to the invention.
Description détaillée de l’invention Detailed description of the invention
La figure 1 illustre, à l’aide d’un logigramme, un exemple de mise en œuvre d’un procédé de fabrication d’un matériau isolant en vrac à partir de paille de céréales, du genre blé, orge, avoine, colza, miscanthus, paille de riz ou divers mélanges de ces dernières. Figure 1 illustrates, using a flowchart, an example of implementing a process for manufacturing a bulk insulating material from cereal straw, such as wheat, barley, oats, rapeseed, miscanthus, rice straw or various mixtures of these.
L’installation comprend par exemple une unité de broyage et de défibrage 1 permettant de transformer par déchiquetage et par broyage, la paille brute en paille défibrée. The installation includes, for example, a grinding and defibration unit 1 making it possible to transform raw straw into defibrated straw by shredding and grinding.
L’unité de broyage et de défibrage 1 comprend avantageusement des outils permettant de couper et d’éclater les brins de paille. A titre d’exemple, l’unité de broyage et de défibrage 1 comprend deux broyeurs associés en série. Le premier broyeur comporte par exemple des outils de coupe des brins de paille, du genre couteaux. Le second broyeur comporte par exemple des outils d’éclatement des brins de paille, du genre marteaux. The grinding and defibring unit 1 advantageously comprises tools allowing you to cut and split the strands of straw. For example, the grinding and defibring unit 1 comprises two grinders associated in series. The first crusher includes, for example, tools for cutting strands of straw, such as knives. The second crusher includes, for example, tools for breaking straw strands, such as hammers.
Par paille défibrée, il convient d’entendre une paille comprenant des brins, non homogènes, de longueur moyenne comprise entre 3 mm et 22 mm et de préférence comprise entre 3 mm et 11 mm et dont le diamètre moyen est compris entre 0,5 mm et 4,0 mm et de préférence compris entre 0,5 et 2,5 mm. By defibrated straw is meant a straw comprising non-homogeneous strands of average length between 3 mm and 22 mm and preferably between 3 mm and 11 mm and whose average diameter is between 0.5 mm. and 4.0 mm and preferably between 0.5 and 2.5 mm.
Le diamètre moyen doit être compris comme étant la dimension la plus grande du brin de paille, prise dans un plan orthogonal à la direction longitudinale dudit brin. The average diameter must be understood as being the largest dimension of the strand of straw, taken in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of said strand.
A titre d’exemple, une paille défibrée comprend de 29% à 33% de brins présentant une longueur moyenne de 9,633 mm avec un diamètre moyen supérieur à 2 mm, de 32% à 37% de brins présentant une longueur moyenne de 6,951 mm avec un diamètre moyen supérieur à 1 mm et de 16% à 20% de brins présentant une longueur moyenne de 3,960 mm avec un diamètre moyen supérieur à 0,5 mm. By way of example, a defibred straw comprises from 29% to 33% of strands having an average length of 9.633 mm with an average diameter greater than 2 mm, from 32% to 37% of strands having an average length of 6.951 mm with an average diameter greater than 1 mm and 16% to 20% of strands having an average length of 3.960 mm with an average diameter greater than 0.5 mm.
Le restant de cet exemple d’échantillonnage est considéré comme étant de la poussière, laquelle est de préférence évacuée par filtration à l’aide d’une unité de filtration / dosage 2. The remainder of this sampling example is considered to be dust, which is preferably removed by filtration using a filtration/dosing unit 2.
Le procédé est par exemple mis en œuvre à l’aide d’une installation illustrée schématiquement avec le logigramme de la figure 1. The process is for example implemented using an installation illustrated schematically with the flowchart in Figure 1.
L’installation comprend une unité de broyage et de défibration 1 alimentée en paille par exemple conditionnée en balles ou bottes. L’unité de broyage et de défibration 1 comprend par exemple deux broyeurs en série, lesquels peuvent comporter des outils de broyage présentant des formes ou des réglages spécifiques. Le ou chaque broyeur comporte ainsi des outils de coupe, d’éclatement et/ou de déchiquetage réglables pour définir les paramètres de formes et de dimensions des brins de la paille défibrée. The installation includes a grinding and defibration unit 1 supplied with straw, for example packaged in bales or bundles. The grinding and defibration unit 1 comprises for example two grinders in series, which may include grinding tools having specific shapes or settings. The or each crusher thus includes adjustable cutting, bursting and/or shredding tools to define the shape and size parameters of the strands of the defibrated straw.
Selon un autre exemple de réalisation de l’installation, l’unité de broyage et de défibration 1 comprend des couteaux pour couper les brins de paille et des marteaux pour éclater lesdits brins. Dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du broyage de la paille, il peut être prévu un ou plusieurs passages dans l’unité de broyage et de défibration 1. Le nombre de passages dépend de la morphologie (forme, longueur et diamètre) recherchée pour les brins de paille défibrée. On obtient ainsi une paille défibrée, en sortie de l’unité de broyage et de défibration 1, composée de brins optimisés dimensionnellement et en formes pour favoriser leur mélange avec la ouate de cellulose d’une part et pour améliorer les propriétés d’isolation thermique et phonique du matériau isolant obtenu d’autre part. According to another embodiment of the installation, the grinding and defibration unit 1 includes knives for cutting the strands of straw and hammers for breaking said strands. As part of the implementation of grinding of the straw, one or more passages can be provided in the grinding and defibration unit 1. The number of passages depends on the morphology (shape, length and diameter) sought for the strands of defibrated straw. We thus obtain a defibrated straw, at the outlet of the grinding and defibration unit 1, composed of strands optimized in size and shape to promote their mixing with the cellulose wadding on the one hand and to improve the thermal insulation properties and phonics of the insulating material obtained on the other hand.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, l’installation comprend également une unité de filtrage et de dosage 2 laquelle alimente directement un mélangeur 3. According to an exemplary embodiment, the installation also includes a filtering and dosing unit 2 which directly supplies a mixer 3.
L’opération de filtrage est effectuée par exemple grâce à l’utilisation par exemple d’un tamis vibrant et/ou à l’aide d’un séparateur cyclonique. Ce dernier peut avantageusement être utilisé pour transférer la paille défibrée vers le mélangeur 3. Le filtrage permet de séparer la paille défibrée de poussières et autres impuretés par gravité ou par filtrage cyclonique. The filtering operation is carried out for example using, for example, a vibrating sieve and/or using a cyclonic separator. The latter can advantageously be used to transfer the defibrated straw to the mixer 3. Filtering makes it possible to separate the defibrated straw from dust and other impurities by gravity or by cyclonic filtering.
Le mélangeur 3 comporte par exemple au moins un mélangeur du genre cylindre rotatif et/ou cage de chute. The mixer 3 comprises for example at least one mixer of the rotating cylinder and/or drop cage type.
L’installation comprend également une première unité de dosage et de pulvérisation 4a pour alimenter le mélangeur 3 avec des adjuvants. Ces derniers comprennent au moins un adjuvant fongicide F. Ces adjuvants peuvent également comprendre un adjuvant retardateur au feu R. The installation also includes a first dosing and spraying unit 4a to supply the mixer 3 with adjuvants. The latter include at least one fungicidal adjuvant F. These adjuvants may also include a fire retardant adjuvant R.
L’installation comprend également une seconde unité de dosage et de pulvérisation 4b pour alimenter le mélangeur 3 avec de la ouate de cellulose. L’installation comprend avantageusement une unité de démêlage et d’aération 5 pour décompacter la ouate de cellulose avant son dosage et sa pulvérisation dans le mélangeur 3. L’une unité de démêlage et d’aération 5 comprend par exemple un système de cardage. The installation also includes a second dosing and spraying unit 4b to supply the mixer 3 with cellulose wadding. The installation advantageously comprises a detangling and aeration unit 5 for decompacting the cellulose wadding before its dosage and pulverization in the mixer 3. The detangling and aeration unit 5 comprises for example a carding system.
L’installation comprend également un compresseur 6 pour injecter de l’air comprimée dans le mélangeur 3, favorisant ainsi l’homogénéisation et l’aération du mélange. The installation also includes a compressor 6 to inject compressed air into the mixer 3, thus promoting the homogenization and aeration of the mixture.
L’installation comprend également une unité d’ensachage et de palettisation 7 du matériau isolant en sortie du mélangeur 3. The installation also includes a bagging and palletizing unit 7 for the insulating material at the outlet of the mixer 3.
Le matériau isolant en vrac est donc fabriqué selon le procédé de fabrication conforme à l’invention et détaillé ci-après. The bulk insulating material is therefore manufactured according to the manufacturing process in accordance with the invention and detailed below.
Le procédé de fabrication du matériau isolant en vrac à base de paille de céréales, comprend une étape a) consistant à déchiqueter et à broyer mécaniquement la paille pour obtenir une paille défibrée dont les brins présentent préférentiellement une longueur moyenne comprise entre 3 mm et 11 mm et dont le diamètre moyen est compris entre 0,5 mm et 2,5 mm. The process for manufacturing bulk insulating material based on cereal straw comprises a step a) consisting of mechanically shredding and crushing the straw to obtain a defibrated straw whose strands preferably have an average length of between 3 mm and 11 mm and whose average diameter is between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm.
Avantageusement, le procédé consiste à filtrer la paille défibrée obtenue sous a) pour évacuer des poussières et autres impuretés à hauteur d’une proportion en masse d’au moins 2% et de préférence de 5% à 10% de la paille défibrée. La séparation des résidus indésirables et poussières ou autres matières affectant les performances du matériau isolant peut donc se faire par gravité en utilisant un tamis, par exemple vibrant ou à l’aide d’un filtrage cyclonique. Advantageously, the process consists of filtering the defibrated straw obtained under a) to remove dust and other impurities in a mass proportion of at least 2% and preferably 5% to 10% of the defibrated straw. The separation of unwanted residues and dust or other materials affecting the performance of the insulating material can therefore be done by gravity using a sieve, for example vibrating or using cyclonic filtering.
Selon une étape b), le procédé consisté à utiliser de la ouate de cellulose et effectuer un démêlage et une aération de ladite ouate de cellulose. Cette phase de démêlage et d’aération de la ouate de cellulose peut être effectuée à part dans une installation annexe ou directement dans le mélangeur 3, avant l’introduction de la paille défibrée dans ledit mélangeur 3. According to step b), the process consisted of using cellulose wadding and carrying out disentangling and aeration of said cellulose wadding. This phase of disentangling and aeration of the cellulose wadding can be carried out separately in an additional installation or directly in the mixer 3, before introducing the defibrated straw into said mixer 3.
Selon une étape c), le procédé consiste à mélanger la paille défibrée sous a) et la ouate de cellulose préparée sous b). According to step c), the process consists of mixing the defibrated straw under a) and the cellulose wadding prepared under b).
La ouate de cellulose est donc introduite dans le mélangeur 3, avant la paille défibrée, par exemple par pulvérisation, avec une proportion en masse comprise et 1% et 30% par rapport à la masse totale de la paille défibrée et de la ouate de cellulose. The cellulose wadding is therefore introduced into the mixer 3, before the defibrated straw, for example by spraying, with a proportion by mass of between 1% and 30% relative to the total mass of the defibrated straw and the cellulose wadding. .
Selon une étape d), le procédé consiste à injecter de l’air comprimé dans le mélangeur 3 pour homogénéiser le mélange et pour obtenir un matériau isolant présentant une masse volumique comprise entre 55 kg/m3 et 65 kg/m3. C’est cette masse volumique qu’il convient d’atteindre par exemple lors de l’insufflation du matériau en vrac dans des cavités. According to step d), the process consists of injecting compressed air into the mixer 3 to homogenize the mixture and to obtain an insulating material having a density of between 55 kg/m 3 and 65 kg/m 3 . It is this density that must be achieved, for example, when blowing bulk material into cavities.
La durée de l’opération de mélange dépend du dimensionnement du mélangeur 3. The duration of the mixing operation depends on the size of the mixer 3.
Le procédé consiste ensuite, selon une étape e) à effectuer l’ensachement du matériau isolant ainsi obtenu et le cas échéant sa palettisation. Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, le procédé consiste à filtrer la paille défibrée obtenue sous a) pour évacuer des poussières et autres impuretés à hauteur d’une proportion en masse d’au moins 2% et de préférence de 5% à 10% de la paille défibrée. The process then consists, according to step e), of bagging the insulating material thus obtained and, where appropriate, palletizing it. According to an example of implementation, the process consists of filtering the defibred straw obtained under a) to remove dust and other impurities in a mass proportion of at least 2% and preferably 5% to 10%. defibrated straw.
Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, le procédé consiste à mélanger la ouate de cellulose, ou le mélange ouate de cellulose - paille défibrée, avec un ou plusieurs adjuvants comprenant un produit fongicide, par exemple avec une proportion en masse par rapport à la masse totale du mélange, comprise entre 0,03% et 11 % et de préférence comprise entre 0,5 et 4%. According to an example of implementation, the process consists of mixing the cellulose wadding, or the cellulose wadding - defibrated straw mixture, with one or more adjuvants comprising a fungicide product, for example with a proportion by mass relative to the mass total of the mixture, between 0.03% and 11% and preferably between 0.5 and 4%.
A titre d’exemple, les adjuvants comprennent au moins un produit retardateur au feu avec une proportion en masse par rapport à la masse totale des produits mélangés, comprise entre 10% et 30%. La proportion précise pourra être choisie en fonction des propriétés et de la performance recherchées pour le matériau en vrac. For example, the adjuvants include at least one fire retardant product with a proportion by mass relative to the total mass of the mixed products of between 10% and 30%. The precise proportion can be chosen according to the properties and performance desired for the bulk material.
A titre d’exemple, le produit retardataire au feu, visqueux ou liquide, comprend un géopolymère sous du genre métakaolin. For example, the fire retardant product, viscous or liquid, comprises a geopolymer of the metakaolin type.
Selon un autre exemple de mise en œuvre du procédé, un ou plusieurs adjuvants, fongicides et/ou retardateur au feu peuvent être mélangés à la ouate de cellulose au préalable de l’opération de mélange avec la paille défibrée. According to another example of implementing the process, one or more adjuvants, fungicides and/or fire retardants can be mixed with the cellulose wadding before the mixing operation with the defibrated straw.
L’invention concerne également une structure modulaire préfabriquée en bois pour réaliser une paroi ou un mur ou pour recouvrir un mur d’un bâtiment, côté extérieur ou côté intérieur. Une telle structure comprend au moins une cavité contenant le matériau isolant obtenu selon le procédé de fabrication détaillé ci- dessus. The invention also relates to a prefabricated modular wooden structure for making a wall or for covering a wall of a building, on the exterior side or interior side. Such a structure comprises at least one cavity containing the insulating material obtained according to the manufacturing process detailed above.
L’invention concerne également une structure modulaire préfabriquée mixte en bois et béton pour réaliser une paroi ou un mur ou pour recouvrir un mur d’un bâtiment, côté extérieur ou côté intérieur. Une telle structure comprend au moins une cavité contenant le matériau isolant obtenu selon le procédé de fabrication détaillé ci-dessus. The invention also relates to a mixed prefabricated modular structure made of wood and concrete for making a wall or for covering a wall of a building, on the exterior side or the interior side. Such a structure comprises at least one cavity containing the insulating material obtained according to the manufacturing process detailed above.
Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, la ouate de cellulose utilisée est fabriquée entièrement à partir de papier recyclé ou à partir de papier recyclé intégrant du carton recyclé. Il est évident que la présente description ne se limite pas aux exemples explicitement décrits, mais comprend également d’autres modes de réalisation et de mise en œuvre. Ainsi, une caractéristique technique décrite, ou une étape de procédé décrite, peut être remplacée par une caractéristique technique équivalente, respectivement une étape équivalente, sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention tel que défini par les revendications. According to an example of implementation, the cellulose wadding used is manufactured entirely from recycled paper or from recycled paper incorporating recycled cardboard. It is obvious that the present description is not limited to the examples explicitly described, but also includes other embodiments and implementations. Thus, a technical characteristic described, or a process step described, can be replaced by an equivalent technical characteristic, respectively an equivalent step, without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de fabrication d’un matériau isolant en vrac à base de paille de céréales, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend les étapes : a) broyer mécaniquement la paille pour obtenir une paille défibrée dont les brins présentent une longueur moyenne comprise entre 3 mm et 22 mm et de préférence comprise entre 3 mm et 11 mm et dont le diamètre moyen est compris entre 0,5 mm et 4,0 mm et de préférence compris entre 0,5 et 2,5 mm, b) utiliser de la ouate de cellulose et effectuer un démêlage et une aération de ladite ouate de cellulose, c) utiliser un mélangeur (3) et mélanger la paille défibrée sous a) et la ouate de cellulose préparée sous b), ladite ouate de cellulose étant introduite dans le mélangeur (3) avant la paille défibrée avec une proportion en masse comprise et 1% et 30%, par rapport à la masse totale de la paille défibrée et de la ouate de cellulose, d) injecter de l’air comprimé dans le mélangeur (3) pour homogénéiser ledit mélange et pour obtenir un mélange présentant une masse volumique comprise entre 55 kg/m3 et 65 kg/m3, et e) effectuer l’ensachement du matériau isolant ainsi obtenu. 1. Process for manufacturing a bulk insulating material based on cereal straw, characterized in that it comprises the steps: a) mechanically grinding the straw to obtain a defibrated straw whose strands have an average length of between 3 mm and 22 mm and preferably between 3 mm and 11 mm and whose average diameter is between 0.5 mm and 4.0 mm and preferably between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, b) use cellulose wadding and carry out a disentangling and aeration of said cellulose wadding, c) use a mixer (3) and mix the defibrated straw under a) and the cellulose wadding prepared under b), said cellulose wadding being introduced into the mixer (3) before the defibrated straw with a proportion by mass of between 1% and 30%, relative to the total mass of the defibrated straw and the cellulose wadding, d) inject compressed air into the mixer ( 3) to homogenize said mixture and to obtain a mixture having a density of between 55 kg/m 3 and 65 kg/m 3 , and e) carry out bagging of the insulating material thus obtained.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu’il consiste sous l’étape a) à utiliser au moins un broyeur pour déchiqueter et broyer la paille en balles, ledit au moins un broyeur compotant des outils de déchiquetage / broyage réglables pour définir les propriétés de formes et de dimensions des brins de paille défibrée obtenue, lesdits outils comprenant en série des couteaux et des marteaux. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists under step a) of using at least one crusher to shred and grind the straw into bales, said at least one crusher comprising adjustable shredding / grinding tools for define the properties of shapes and dimensions of the strands of defibred straw obtained, said tools comprising knives and hammers in series.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu’il consiste sous l’étape c) à utiliser au moins un mélangeur (3) du genre cylindre rotatif et/ou cage de chute. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it consists in step c) of using at least one mixer (3) of the rotating cylinder and/or drop cage type.
4. Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu’il consiste à filtrer la paille défibrée obtenue sous a) pour évacuer des poussières et autres impuretés à hauteur d’une proportion en masse d’au moins 2% et de préférence d’au moins 5% à 10% de la paille défibrée. 4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it consists of filtering the defibred straw obtained under a) to remove dust and other impurities in a mass proportion of at least 2. % and preferably at least 5% to 10% of the defibrated straw.
5. Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu’il consiste à mélanger la ouate de cellulose ou le mélange ouate de cellulose - paille défibrée, avec un ou plusieurs adjuvants comprenant un produit fongicide. 5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it consists of mixing the cellulose wadding or the cellulose wadding - defibrated straw mixture, with one or more adjuvants comprising a fungicide product.
6. Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu’il consiste à mélanger la ouate de cellulose ou le mélange ouate de cellulose - paille défibrée, avec un ou plusieurs adjuvants comprenant au moins un produit retardateur au feu avec une proportion en masse par rapport à la masse totale des produits mélangés, comprise entre 10% et 30%. 6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it consists of mixing the cellulose wadding or the cellulose wadding - defibrated straw mixture, with one or more adjuvants comprising at least one fire retardant product with a proportion by mass relative to the total mass of the mixed products, between 10% and 30%.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le produit retardateur au feu est choisi parmi une famille de produits géosourcés. 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the fire retardant product is chosen from a family of geosourced products.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le produit retardateur au feu est sous forme visqueuse ou liquide et comprend un géopolymère du genre métakaolin. 8. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the fire retardant product is in viscous or liquid form and comprises a geopolymer of the metakaolin type.
9. Structure modulaire préfabriquée en bois pour réaliser une paroi ou un mur ou pour recouvrir un mur d’un bâtiment, côté extérieur ou côté intérieur, caractérisée en ce qu’elle comprend au moins une cavité contenant le matériau isolant obtenu selon le procédé de fabrication conforme à l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8. 9. Prefabricated modular wooden structure for making a wall or for covering a wall of a building, exterior side or interior side, characterized in that it comprises at least one cavity containing the insulating material obtained according to the process of manufacturing according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Structure modulaire préfabriquée mixte en bois et béton pour réaliser une paroi ou un mur ou pour recouvrir un mur d’un bâtiment, côté extérieur ou côté intérieur, caractérisée en ce qu’elle comprend au moins une cavité contenant le matériau isolant obtenu selon le procédé de fabrication conforme à l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8. 10. Mixed prefabricated modular structure in wood and concrete for making a wall or for covering a wall of a building, exterior side or interior side, characterized in that it comprises at least one cavity containing the insulating material obtained according to the manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
PCT/EP2023/069361 2022-07-13 2023-07-12 Method for producing an optimised loose insulating material, and insulating structure comprising such a material WO2024013251A1 (en)

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FR2207257A FR3137930A1 (en) 2022-07-13 2022-07-13 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN OPTIMIZED INSULATING MATERIAL AND INSULATING STRUCTURE COMPRISING SUCH A MATERIAL
FRFR2207257 2022-07-13

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2204483A2 (en) 2008-10-10 2010-07-07 de Vriese, Isabelle Mix of cellulose wadding and plant and animal fibres, manufacturing method and thermal insulating material
FR2970475A1 (en) * 2011-01-18 2012-07-20 Jolie Terre Composition, useful as mortar to apply on a support or framework wood, comprises clay and sandy mud, crushed clay pots, a fibrous component comprising straw, preferably crushed barley and residue or wool, cellulose wadding, and water
EP2543788A1 (en) * 2011-07-06 2013-01-09 Université de Picardie Jules Verne Modular construction elements
FR2990221A1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2013-11-08 Benjamin Lanciaux Thermal and acoustic material for producing insulating panel for thermally and acoustically insulating e.g. exterior walls of building, contains cereal straw wool coated with specific percent of binding agent with vegetable origin

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2204483A2 (en) 2008-10-10 2010-07-07 de Vriese, Isabelle Mix of cellulose wadding and plant and animal fibres, manufacturing method and thermal insulating material
FR2970475A1 (en) * 2011-01-18 2012-07-20 Jolie Terre Composition, useful as mortar to apply on a support or framework wood, comprises clay and sandy mud, crushed clay pots, a fibrous component comprising straw, preferably crushed barley and residue or wool, cellulose wadding, and water
EP2543788A1 (en) * 2011-07-06 2013-01-09 Université de Picardie Jules Verne Modular construction elements
FR2990221A1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2013-11-08 Benjamin Lanciaux Thermal and acoustic material for producing insulating panel for thermally and acoustically insulating e.g. exterior walls of building, contains cereal straw wool coated with specific percent of binding agent with vegetable origin

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