WO2024012242A1 - 一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法及其在高陡岩质边坡复绿中的应用 - Google Patents

一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法及其在高陡岩质边坡复绿中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2024012242A1
WO2024012242A1 PCT/CN2023/104375 CN2023104375W WO2024012242A1 WO 2024012242 A1 WO2024012242 A1 WO 2024012242A1 CN 2023104375 W CN2023104375 W CN 2023104375W WO 2024012242 A1 WO2024012242 A1 WO 2024012242A1
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planting
plant
dosage
nutrient soil
new
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈晓东
赵同谦
郭晓明
聂小军
武俐
肖春艳
贺玉晓
张文静
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河南理工大学
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
    • A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of high-steep rocky slopes, and specifically relates to a method for making a new planting rod for planting holes and its application in regreening high-steep rocky slopes.
  • slope greening technologies such as hanging net matrix spraying generally require the slope slope to be less than 1:0.3. Due to the limited thickness of the slope matrix layer, the greening matrix is easy to fall off or suffer serious nutrient loss due to drought, lack of rain or heavy rain erosion. The long-term effect of vegetation restoration is very poor and cannot be successfully applied to vegetation greening of high and steep rocky slopes.
  • Planting hole greening technology is a soil-drilling and soil-filling planting technology on the slope, which is widely used in regreening high and steep rocky slopes.
  • the conventional planting method of filling the greening matrix one by one and planting bare root seedlings It will also cause problems such as low construction efficiency, low plant survival rate, and high ecological restoration costs.
  • the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for making a new type of planting rod for planting holes and its application in regreening high and steep rocky slopes, so as to solve or improve the plant survival rate of the current planting hole greening technology on high and steep rocky slopes.
  • a method for making a new type of planting rod for planting holes which includes the following steps: a. Preparing a matrix, the matrix including a nutrient soil layer and a sand and gravel layer; b. According to the planting holes Make a cylindrical non-woven bag according to the specifications; c. Put sand and gravel at the bottom of the non-woven bag layer, fill the upper part with nutrient soil to 1/3 of the height of the non-woven bag, transplant the truncated ivy seedlings with roots and leaves removed into the non-woven bag and fill it with nutrient soil; d. Keep the non-woven bag Keep the inner substrate moist and cultivate it outdoors until the main stem of the ivy grows new buds;
  • the components of the nutrient soil include: ordinary silt clay, peat, water retaining agent, pellet agent, biochar and fertilizer; the components of the sand and gravel layer include slag and vermiculite;
  • the volume ratio of the ordinary silty clay to peat is 7:3-6:4, the dosage of the water-retaining agent is 1.5-2g/L, and the dosage of the pellet agent is 10-15mg/L.
  • the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5-6g/L; in the sand and gravel layer, the volume ratio of slag and vermiculite is 8:2.
  • the present invention also provides a new type of planting rod for planting holes, which adopts the following technical solution: a new type of planting rod for planting holes, which is produced by the method described above.
  • the invention also provides the application of a new type of planting rod for planting holes, which adopts the following technical solution: the new type of planting rod for planting holes is used in the greening of high and steep rocky slopes; it includes the following steps: applying the new type of planting rod to The hole planting rod is directly inserted into the dug planting hole on the high and steep rocky slope, and the greening construction of the high and steep rocky slope is completed.
  • the nutrient soil layer of the new planting rod for planting holes of the present invention has the characteristics of excellent structure, strong water retention, and high fertilizer efficiency, which helps to improve the ability of green plants to withstand slope environmental stress; the sand and gravel layer at the bottom can quickly permeate water, preventing occurrence of occurrence during rainfall. Root rot phenomenon; the new planting rod for planting holes of the present invention can achieve a planting method in which the substrate and seedlings are implanted into the planting holes at one time. The plant survival rate is high, the construction is simple and fast, and it is helpful to achieve rapid regreening of rocky slopes.
  • Figure 1 is a potted test diagram of a creeper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of outdoor seedling cultivation of planting sticks provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of the planting holes dug on the high and steep rocky slope
  • Figure 4 is the rendering of the planting holes on the high and steep rocky slope before regreening
  • Figure 5 shows the effect of the regreening of the planting holes on the high and steep rocky slopes after 3 months
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 5.
  • the present invention aims at at least one of the problems of low plant survival rate, low construction efficiency, high project cost and poor restoration effect that are easy to exist in the current ecological restoration of rock slopes, and provides a method for making a new type of planting rod for planting holes. It includes the following steps: a. Preparation of the matrix, which includes a nutrient soil layer and a sand and gravel layer; b. Making a cylindrical non-woven bag according to the specifications of the planting holes; c.
  • the matrix used in the production method of the new planting rod for planting holes of the present invention includes a nutrient soil layer and a sand and gravel layer, respectively, the nutrient soil layer at the upper part of the planting rod and the sandy soil layer at the bottom; select high temperature resistance, drought resistance and have The ivy with climbing growth characteristics is a green plant, which is cultivated in a short period of time to produce new planting sticks for planting holes.
  • This new type of planting rod for planting holes can be used for greening high and steep rocky slopes in the wild.
  • the nutrient soil layer has a good structure, strong water infiltration capacity, sufficient nutrients, well-developed capillary pores, and strong water storage and water absorption capabilities; the sand and gravel layer stores water during rainfall, preventing plant root rot, and during drought, it stores water. The water absorbs water through the capillary pores in the upper nutrient soil layer to supply plant growth. At the same time, there are many ventilation pores to provide more air for root breathing.
  • the components of the nutrient soil include: ordinary silt clay, peat, water retaining agent, pellet agent, biochar and fertilizer; the components of the sand and gravel layer include slag and vermiculite.
  • ordinary silty clay also known as silty clay, is a clay soil with a plasticity index between 10 and 17 according to the GB50007-2011 specification; or according to the 1962 regulations of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, the clay content is 30 % ⁇ 50%, and the content of the powder group is greater than the content of the sand group; peat, pellet agent, water retaining agent, biochar and fertilizer are used to improve the alkaline, high viscosity and poor structure of ordinary silt clay, and prepare a clay with excellent
  • the nutrient soil matrix with characteristics of water retention, fertilizer retention and ventilation can improve the ability of green plants to withstand the stress of harsh habitat conditions such as high temperature and drought on rocky slopes, thus improving the survival rate of vegetation.
  • peat helps to improve the physical structure of the substrate and provides organic matter and long-lasting nutrients; water-retaining agents play the role of water storage and release; agglomerating agents improve soil aggregate structure and increase porosity; biochar improves soil properties and can be used as a nutrient carrier. Prevent nutrient loss; fertilizers provide quick-acting nutrients.
  • the slag is crushed to a particle size of 2-3 mm.
  • the slag stone has many ventilation pores, which is conducive to root breathing and ventilation; at the same time, it is conducive to timely infiltration of water during rainfall; vermiculite can store water and conduct water to the nutritious soil during drought.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 7:3-6:4 (for example, 7:3, 6:4, 7:5 or 6:3, etc.), and the amount of water-retaining agent is 1.5-2g/ L (for example, 1.5g/L, 1.6g/L, 1.7g/L, 1.8g/L, 1.9g/L or 2g/L), the dosage of granules is 10-15mg/L (10mg/L, 11mg /L, 12mg/L, 13mg/L, 14mg/L or 15mg/L), the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5-6g/L (for example, 5g/L, 5.2g/L, 5.4g/L, 5.6g/L, 5.8g/L or 6g/L); in the sand and gravel layer, the volume ratio of slag and vermiculite is 8:2.
  • the particle size of peat is 0-25mm (for example, 0.5mm, 1mm, 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm or 25mm); the particle size of slag is 2-3mm (for example, 2mm, 2.3mm, 2.6mm, 2.8mm or 3mm); the water-retaining agent is a copolymer of potassium acrylate and acrylamide, and the particle size of the water-retaining agent is 3-6mm (for example, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm or 6mm); the pelletizing agent is anionic polyacrylamide; the fertilizer is a controlled-release compound fertilizer ; Biochar is the product of anaerobic pyrolysis of corn straw at 500-600°C (for example, 500°C, 520°C, 540°C, 560°C, 580°C or 600°C).
  • 500-600°C for example, 500°C, 520°C, 540°C, 560°C, 580°C or 600°C.
  • the height of the nutrient soil layer is 25-45cm (for example, 25cm, 30cm, 35cm, 40cm or 45cm); the height of the sand and gravel layer is 4-6cm (for example, 4cm, 4.5cm, 5cm, 5.5cm or 6cm).
  • Ivy is a one-year or two-year-old cutting seedling.
  • the outdoor cultivation time is 10-15 days (for example, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days or 15 days).
  • the present invention also provides a new type of planting rod for planting holes.
  • the new type of planting rod for planting holes according to the embodiment of the invention is produced by the method described above.
  • the present invention also provides the application of a new type of planting rod for planting holes.
  • the new type of planting rod for planting holes as described above is used in the greening of high and steep rocky slopes.
  • the application of the new planting rod for planting holes of the present invention in the greening of high and steep rocky slopes includes the following steps: directly inserting the new planting rod for planting holes into the dug planting holes on the high and steep rocky slope, that is, completion Greening construction of high and steep rocky slopes.
  • the peat particle size is 0-25mm (German Dahan), and the pH is 6;
  • the main component of the water-retaining agent is potassium acrylate and acrylamide copolymer, with a particle size of 3-6mm;
  • the granulating agent is polyacrylamide (anionic, molecular weight 8 million);
  • Biochar is obtained by anaerobic decomposition of corn straw at 500-600°C;
  • the controlled-release compound fertilizer is Aolv controlled-release fertilizer 801 (16-8-12);
  • Ivy cutting seedlings biennial ivy cuttings with basically the same size, no damage, no pests and diseases, plant height 1.5m, ground diameter 0.8cm, truncated (remove the top) to obtain truncated root seedlings, with a height of 50cm.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 7:3, the dosage of water retaining agent is 1.5g/L, the dosage of pellet is 5mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5g /L.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 7:3, the dosage of water retaining agent is 1.5g/L, the dosage of pellet agent is 15mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5g /L.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 6:4, the dosage of water retaining agent is 1.5g/L, the dosage of pellet agent is 15mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5g /L.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 7:3, the dosage of water retaining agent is 2g/L, the dosage of pellet agent is 15mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5g/L. L.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 7:3, the dosage of water retaining agent is 1.5g/L, the dosage of pellet agent is 15mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 6g /L.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 9:1
  • the dosage of water retaining agent is 1.5g/L
  • the dosage of pellet agent is 15mg/L
  • the dosage of biochar is 5g/L
  • the dosage of fertilizer is 5g /L.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 7:3, the dosage of water retaining agent is 0.5g/L, the dosage of pellet agent is 15mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5g /L.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 7:3, the dosage of water retaining agent is 1.5g/L, the dosage of pellet agent is 15mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 3g /L.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 7:3, the dosage of water retaining agent is 1.5g/L, the dosage of pellet agent is 20mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5g /L.
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 7:3, the dosage of water retaining agent is 1.5g/L, the dosage of pellet agent is 15mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 30g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5g /L.
  • the substrate conductivity (ms/cm 3 ), bulk density (g/cm 3 ), maximum water holding capacity (%), field water holding capacity (%), evaporation loss ratio (%), pH, organic matter content (%), total Nitrogen (mg/kg), alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/kg), number of leaves per unit main stem length of the plant (pieces/cm), total branch length (cm) and number of branches (pieces).
  • the experimental results are as follows: 2 shown:
  • the improved nutrient soil has reduced bulk density, increased porosity, and better physical structure, which is conducive to ventilation and water infiltration, and improves the utilization efficiency of rainwater;
  • the maximum retention of the improved nutrient soil is The increase in water volume and field water capacity is more conducive to the nutrient soil absorbing more water under rainfall and other conditions; the evaporation loss ratio (ratio of cumulative evaporation and total absorption under the same conditions) decreases, indicating that the nutrient soil has better water retention.
  • the improved nutrient soil has the characteristics of structure, water retention performance, excellent water holding capacity, and high nutrient content, which is more conducive to green plants resisting environmental stress from extreme habitat conditions such as high temperature and drought on steep rocky slopes.
  • the nutrient soil ratio is: in the planting layer matrix, the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 6:4, and the dosage of water-retaining agent is 1.5g/L.
  • the dosage of pellet agent is 15mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5g/L.
  • the recommended component ratio of the nutrient soil layer for planting sticks is: the volume ratio of ordinary silty clay to peat is 7:3-6:4, and the dosage of the water-retaining agent is 1.5-2g /L, the dosage of the pellet is 10-15mg/L, the dosage of the biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of the fertilizer is 5-6g/L.
  • the matrix in the planting rod used for the new planting hole in this embodiment includes a nutrient soil layer of 25-45cm and a sand and gravel layer of 4-6cm. in:
  • the volume ratio of ordinary silt clay to peat is 7:3, the dosage of water retaining agent is 1.5g/L, the dosage of pellet agent is 10mg/L, the dosage of biochar is 5g/L, and the dosage of fertilizer is 5g /L;
  • the volume ratio of slag to vermiculite is 8:2.
  • step d Put the new planting hole obtained after the outdoor cultivation in step d above into the planting hole with a planting stick.
  • step c select biennial creeper seedlings with basically the same size, no damage, no harm from pests and diseases, a plant height of 1.5m, and a ground diameter of 0.8cm, and truncate them (remove the top) to obtain truncated root-retaining seedlings with a height of 50cm.
  • the non-woven bag is made of degradable non-woven fabric, and the bag height is basically the same as the hole depth. Its diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the planting hole; place the root of the ivy truncated seedling in the middle of the non-woven bag, fill the seedling medium to the mouth of the bag and compact it gently.
  • step d water the roots thoroughly when planting, and then water from time to time to keep the substrate moist according to weather conditions.
  • the seedlings will be nursed for about 10-15 days until new shoots grow.
  • step e a high and steep rocky slope with a slope greater than 70° is selected for on-site planting testing.
  • the planting hole used in the project is a cylinder with a diameter of 120mm and a depth of 50mm (as shown in Figure 3).
  • the new planting rod (containing seedlings) for planting holes produced by the method of the present invention has a high vegetation survival rate of about 90% during the vegetation restoration process on high and steep rocky slopes.

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Abstract

一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法及其在高陡岩质边坡复绿中的应用。该种植棒的制作方法包括以下步骤：a.基质配制；b.根据植生孔规格制作无纺布袋；c.无纺布袋底部装入砂石层，其上部装入营养土至无纺布袋1/3高度，截头留根去叶的爬山虎扦插苗移栽至无纺布袋后用营养土填平；d.室外培育至爬山虎主茎长出新芽。本发明的种植棒的营养土层结构优良，保水性强、肥效高等特性，有助于提高绿化植物抵御边坡环境胁迫能力；底部砂石层可以快速透水；本发明的新型植生孔用种植棒可以实现基质与幼苗一次性整体植入植生孔的栽植方式，植物成活率高，施工简单快速，有助于实现岩质边坡快速复绿。

Description

一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法及其在高陡岩质边坡复绿中的应用 技术领域
本发明属于高陡岩质边坡生态修复技术领域，具体涉及一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法及其在高陡岩质边坡复绿中的应用。
背景技术
矿山开采和工程建设等会形成大量裸露岩石边坡，从而带来一系列地质灾害和生态环境问题。其中，一些坡度大于75°、坡高大于30m的高陡岩质边坡，坡面固土困难，水分和养分的保蓄能力极低，夏季坡面温度高，蒸发强烈，生境条件更加极端，植物很难生长，一直都是边坡绿化领域的难点。
常用的挂网基质喷播等边坡绿化技术，一般要求边坡坡度小于1:0.3，且由于边坡基质层厚度有限，受干旱少雨或暴雨冲刷等影响，绿化基质容易脱落或养分流失严重，植被恢复的长期效果很差，并不能成功应用于高陡岩质边坡植被绿化。
植生孔绿化技术是一种坡面凿孔填土种植技术，被广泛应用于高陡岩质边坡的边坡复绿。但高陡岩质边坡极端恶劣的生境条件下，植被生长过程中也存在水分、养分不足等问题，导致植被成活率低；常规的逐个植生孔填充绿化基质并进行裸根苗种植的栽植方式，也会造成施工效率低、植物成活率低、生态恢复成本高等问题。
因此，需要提供一种针对上述现有技术不足的改进技术方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法及其在高陡岩质边坡复绿中的应用，以解决或改善目前高陡岩质边坡植生孔绿化技术植物成活率低、施工效率低、工程成本高和恢复效果差中的至少一项问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法，包括以下步骤：a.基质配制，所述基质包括营养土层和砂石层；b.根据植生孔规格大小制作圆柱状的无纺布袋；c.无纺布袋底部装入砂石 层，其上部装入营养土至无纺布袋1/3高度，将截头留根去叶的爬山虎扦插苗移栽至无纺布袋后用营养土填平；d.保持无纺布袋内基质湿润，室外培育至爬山虎主茎长出新芽；
营养土的组分包括：普通粉黏土、泥炭、保水剂、团粒剂、生物炭和肥料；砂石层的组分包括渣石和蛭石；
所述营养土中，所述普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3-6:4，所述保水剂的用量为1.5-2g/L，所述团粒剂的用量为10-15mg/L，所述生物炭的用量为5g/L，所述肥料的用量为5-6g/L；所述砂石层中，所述渣石和蛭石的体积比为8:2。
本发明还提供了一种新型植生孔用种植棒，其采用下述技术方案：一种新型植生孔用种植棒，所述新型植生孔用种植棒采用如上所述的方法制作得到。
本发明还提供了一种新型植生孔用种植棒的应用，其采用下述技术方案：新型植生孔用种植棒在高陡岩质边坡绿化中应用；包括下述步骤：将所述新型植生孔用种植棒直接插入高陡岩质边坡已开凿的植生孔内，即完成高陡岩质边坡绿化施工。
有益效果：
本发明的新型植生孔用种植棒的营养土层具有结构优良，保水性强、肥效高等特性，有助于提高绿化植物抵御边坡环境胁迫能力；底部砂石层可以快速透水，防止降雨期间出现烂根现象；本发明的新型植生孔用种植棒可以实现基质与幼苗一次性整体植入植生孔的栽植方式，植物成活率高，施工简单快速，有助于实现岩质边坡快速复绿。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种实施例的爬山虎的盆栽试验图；
图2为本发明一种实施例提供的种植棒室外育苗图；
图3为高陡岩质边坡开凿的植生孔图；
图4为高陡岩质边坡植生孔复绿前的效果图；
图5为高陡岩质边坡植生孔复绿3个月后的效果图；
图6为图5的局部放大图。
具体实施方式
本发明针对目前岩质边坡生态修复中容易存在的植物成活率低、施工效率低、工程成本高和恢复效果差中的至少一项问题，提供一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法，包括以下步骤：a.基质配制，基质包括营养土层和砂石层；b.根据植生孔规格大小制作圆柱状无纺布袋；c.无纺布袋底部装入砂石层，其上部装入营养土至无纺布袋1/3高度，将截头留根去叶的爬山虎扦插苗移栽至无纺布袋后用营养土填平；d.保持无纺布袋内基质湿润，室外培育至爬山虎主茎长出新芽。本发明的新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法中用到的基质包括营养土层和砂石层，分别为种植棒上部的营养土层和底部的砂土层；选取耐高温、耐干旱和具有攀爬生长特性的爬山虎为绿化植物，进行短期培育，制作新型植生孔用种植棒。该新型植生孔用种植棒可应用于野外高陡岩质边坡绿化。具体地，营养土层结构良好、水分入渗能力强、养分充足，毛管孔隙发达，储水、吸水能力强；砂石层在降雨时储水，防止植物出现烂根现象，干旱时，其储存的水分通过上层营养土层的毛管孔隙吸水供给植物生长，同时通气孔隙多，为根系呼吸提供更多空气。
营养土的组分包括：普通粉黏土、泥炭、保水剂、团粒剂、生物炭和肥料；砂石层的组分包括渣石和蛭石。其中，普通粉黏土，也称粉质粘土(silty clay)，是据GB50007-2011规范，塑性指数介于10～17之间的黏性土；或按水利电力部1962年规程，粘粒含量30％～50％，且粉粒组含量大于砂粒组含量的粘土；泥炭、团粒剂、保水剂、生物炭和肥料对偏碱性、黏性大和结构差的普通粉黏土进行改良，配制出具有优良保水、保肥和通气等特性的营养土基质，提高绿化植物抵御岩质边坡高温干旱等恶劣生境条件胁迫的能力，从而提高植被的成活率。具体地，泥炭有助于改善基质物理结构，提供有机质和长效养分；保水剂发挥储水释水功能；团粒剂改善土壤团粒结构，增加孔隙度；生物炭改良土壤特性，可作为养分载体，防止养分流失；肥料可提供速效养分。砂石层中，渣石为石子捣碎至粒径为2-3mm。渣石的通气孔隙多，利于根系呼吸通气；同时利于降雨时，水分及时下渗；蛭石可以进行水分储存，干旱时将水分传导给营养土。
营养土中，普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3-6:4(例如，7:3、6:4、7:5或6:3等)，保水剂的用量为1.5-2g/L(例如，1.5g/L、1.6g/L、1.7g/L、1.8g/L、1.9g/L或2g/L)，团粒剂的用量为10-15mg/L(10mg/L、11mg/L、12mg/L、13mg/L、14mg/L或15mg/L)，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为5-6g/L(例如，5g/L、5.2g/L、5.4g/L、5.6g/L、5.8g/L或6g/L)；砂石层中，渣石和蛭石的体积比为8:2。
泥炭的粒径为0-25mm(例如，0.5mm、1mm、5mm、10mm、15mm、20mm或25mm)；渣石的粒径为2-3mm(例如，2mm、2.3mm、2.6mm、2.8mm或3mm)；保水剂为丙烯酸钾和丙烯酰胺共聚体，保水剂的粒径为3-6mm(例如，3mm、4mm、5mm或6mm)；团粒剂为阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺；肥料为控释复合肥；生物炭为玉米秸秆在500-600℃(例如，500℃、520℃、540℃、560℃、580℃或600℃)下厌氧热解的产物。
营养土层的高度为25-45cm(例如，25cm、30cm、35cm、40cm或45cm)；砂石层的高度为4-6cm(例如，4cm、4.5cm、5cm、5.5cm或6cm)。
爬山虎为一年或两年生扦插苗。
步骤d中，室外培育的时间为10-15天(例如，10天、11天、12天、13天、14天或15天)。
本发明还提供了一种新型植生孔用种植棒，本发明实施例的新型植生孔用种植棒采用如上所述的方法制作得到。
本发明还提供了新型植生孔用种植棒的应用，如上所述的新型植生孔用种植棒在高陡岩质边坡绿化中应用。
本发明的新型植生孔用种植棒在高陡岩质边坡绿化中的应用，包括下述步骤：将新型植生孔用种植棒直接插入高陡岩质边坡已开凿的植生孔内，即完成高陡岩质边坡绿化施工。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法及其在高陡岩质边坡修复中的应用进行详细说明。
下面实施例中所用到的原料来源及指标：
普通粉黏土采自一般园林土，风干过4目筛后保存；
泥炭粒径为0-25mm(德国大汉)，pH为6；
保水剂(爱森)主要成分为丙烯酸钾和丙烯酰胺共聚体，粒径3-6mm；
团粒剂为聚丙烯酰胺(阴离子型，分子量800万)；
生物炭为玉米秸秆在500-600℃下厌氧分解获得；
控释复合肥为奥绿控释肥801(16-8-12)；
爬山虎扦插苗：大小基本一致、无损伤、无病虫危害、株高1.5m、地径0.8cm的二年生爬山虎扦插苗，将其截头(去掉顶端)得到截头留根苗，苗高50cm。
普通粉黏土、泥炭及生物炭主要化学指标见表1
表1
一、采用爬山虎盆栽试验筛选营养土
实施例1
营养土中：普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3，保水剂的用量为1.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为5mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为5g/L。
实施例2
营养土中：普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3，保水剂的用量为1.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为15mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为5g/L。
实施例3
营养土中：普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为6:4，保水剂的用量为1.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为15mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为5g/L。
实施例4
营养土中：普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3，保水剂的用量为2g/L，团粒剂的用量为15mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为5g/L。
实施例5
营养土中：普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3，保水剂的用量为1.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为15mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为6g/L。
对比例1
全部采用普通粉黏土作为营养土。
对比例2
营养土中，普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为9:1，保水剂的用量为1.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为15mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为5g/L。
对比例3
营养土中：普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3，保水剂的用量为0.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为15mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为5g/L。
对比例4
营养土中：普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3，保水剂的用量为1.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为15mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为3g/L。
对比例5
营养土中：普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3，保水剂的用量为1.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为20mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为5g/L。
对比例6
营养土中：普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3，保水剂的用量为1.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为15mg/L，生物炭的用量为30g/L，肥料的用量为5g/L。
选择二年生三叶爬山虎扦插苗为供试植物，将上述各实施例和对比例的营养土分别装入花盆，每盆种植一株三叶爬山虎扦插苗，浇水至饱和状态，之后每天根据基质湿度情况进行补水。整个试验周期为2个月，室内盆栽试验见图1。
分别测定基质电导率(ms/cm3)、容重(g/cm3)、最大持水量(％)、田间持水量(％)、蒸发损失比(％)、pH、有机质含量(％)、全氮(mg/kg)、碱解氮(mg/kg)、植株单位主茎长度叶片个数(个/cm)、分枝总长度(cm)和分枝个数(个)，实验结果如下表2所示：
表2

综上所述：与普通粉黏土相比，改良后的营养土容重降低，孔隙度增大，物理结构更加优良，利于通气和水分入渗，提高雨水的利用效率；改良后营养土的最大持水量、田间持水量增大，更利于营养土在降雨等条件下吸收更多的水分；蒸发损失比(相同条件累计蒸发量与吸收总量的比值)减小，表明营养土的保水性更好，可降低干旱条件下水分的蒸发；改良后的营养土pH显著降低，不同组分配比的基质pH变化范围为7.23-7.64，更适宜绿化植物生长；营养土的有机质含量、电导率、全氮和碱解氮含量更高，基质的速效养分和长效养分含量更高；绿化植物爬山虎的新生分枝总长度、个数以及单位茎长叶片个数均显著增加，植物生长指标更优异，利于绿化植物的快速生长，达到快速复绿的效果。总之，改良后的营养土具有结构、保水性能、持水性能优良以及养分含量高等特性，更利于绿化植物抵御高陡岩质边坡高温干旱等极端生境条件的环境胁迫。
仅从生长指标来看，实施例3爬山虎生长指标较优，其营养土配比为：种植层基质中，普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为6:4，保水剂的用量为1.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为15mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为5g/L。综合考虑高陡岩质边坡生境特征，种植棒营养土层推荐的组分配比为：普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3-6:4，所述保水剂的用量为1.5-2g/L，所述团粒剂的用量为10-15mg/L，所述生物炭的用量为5g/L，所述肥料的用量为5-6g/L。
二、边坡修复现场试验
本实施例的新型植生孔用种植棒内的基质，包括营养土层25-45cm和砂石层4-6cm。其中：
营养土中，普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3，保水剂的用量为1.5g/L，团粒剂的用量为10mg/L，生物炭的用量为5g/L，肥料的用量为5g/L；
砂石层中，渣石和蛭石的体积比为8:2。
本实施例的岩质边坡生态修复的方法，包括下述步骤：
a.分别配制种植棒的营养土层和砂石层；
b.根据植生孔规格大小制作圆柱状无纺布袋；
c.无纺布袋底部装入砂石层，其上部装入营养土至无纺布袋1/3高度，将截头留根去叶的爬山虎扦插苗移栽至无纺布袋后用营养土填平；
d.保持无纺布袋内基质湿润，室外培育至爬山虎主茎长出新芽(如图2所示)；
e.将上述步骤d室外培育结束后得到的新型植生孔用种植棒放入种植孔中。
步骤c中，挑选大小基本一致、无损伤、无病虫危害、株高1.5m、地径0.8cm的二年生爬山虎扦插苗，将其截头(去掉顶端)得到截头留根苗，苗高50cm。每50棵截头留根苗为1捆，成捆成排的将苗根部掩埋于湿度为60％的土壤中备用；无纺布袋为可降解的无纺布，袋高与孔深基本一致，其直径略小于植生孔孔径；将爬山虎截头留根苗根部置于无纺布袋中间，填满育苗基质至袋口并轻轻压实。
步骤d中，栽植时浇透定根水，之后根据天气情况，不定期浇水保持基质湿润，育苗10-15天左右待新芽长出。
步骤e中，选择坡度大于70°的高陡岩质边坡进行现场种植试验，工程所用植生孔为圆柱体，直径为120mm，深度为50mm(如图3所示)。
在阴天或阴雨天将种植棒植入高陡岩质边坡的植生孔中并及时浇水，在植生孔表层铺上一层植物纤维，减少水分蒸发以及降雨冲刷。高陡岩质边坡复绿前的效果见图4，复绿3个月后的效果图见图5，复绿3个月后的局部放大图见图6。采用本发明的方法制作的新型植生孔用种植棒(含苗)在高陡岩质边坡植被恢复过程中，具有较高的植被成活率，成活率约为90％。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    a.基质配制，所述基质包括营养土层和砂石层；
    b.根据植生孔规格大小制作圆柱状的无纺布袋；
    c.无纺布袋底部装入砂石层，其上部装入营养土至无纺布袋1/3高度，将截头留根去叶的爬山虎扦插苗移栽至无纺布袋后用营养土填平；
    d.保持无纺布袋内基质湿润，室外培育至爬山虎主茎长出新芽；
    营养土的组分包括：普通粉黏土、泥炭、保水剂、团粒剂、生物炭和肥料；
    砂石层的组分包括渣石和蛭石；
    所述营养土中，所述普通粉黏土与泥炭的体积比为7:3-6:4，所述保水剂的用量为1.5-2g/L，所述团粒剂的用量为10-15mg/L，所述生物炭的用量为5g/L，所述肥料的用量为5-6g/L；
    所述砂石层中，所述渣石和蛭石的体积比为8:2。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法，其特征在于，所述泥炭的粒径为0-25mm；所述渣石的粒径为2-3mm；
    所述保水剂为丙烯酸钾和丙烯酰胺共聚体，所述保水剂的粒径为3-6mm；
    所述团粒剂为阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺；
    所述肥料为控释复合肥；
    所述生物炭为玉米秸秆在500-600℃下厌氧热解的产物。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法，其特征在于，所述营养土层的高度为25-45cm；
    所述砂石层的高度为4-6cm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法，其特征在于，所述爬山虎为一年或两年生扦插苗。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤d中，所述室外培育的时间为10-15天。
  6. 一种新型植生孔用种植棒，其特征在于，所述新型植生孔用种植棒采用如权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法制作得到。
  7. 一种如权利要求6所述的新型植生孔用种植棒在高陡岩质边坡绿化中的应用，其特征在于，所述应用包括下述步骤：将所述新型植生孔用种植棒直接插入高陡岩质边坡已开凿的植生孔内，即完成高陡岩质边坡绿化施工。
PCT/CN2023/104375 2023-06-13 2023-06-30 一种新型植生孔用种植棒的制作方法及其在高陡岩质边坡复绿中的应用 WO2024012242A1 (zh)

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CN210104767U (zh) * 2019-04-08 2020-02-21 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院 一种岩质边坡生境构建结构
CN111357529A (zh) * 2020-04-16 2020-07-03 华北科技学院 一种用于高陡岩质边坡的孔穴式植物固定装置及复绿方法
CN216254315U (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-04-12 芷兰生态环境建设有限公司 一种适用于高陡岩石边坡修复的放射式藤本装置
CN217378944U (zh) * 2022-03-15 2022-09-06 徐州中矿岩土技术股份有限公司 一种高陡边坡喷植组合装置
CN116058254A (zh) * 2023-02-03 2023-05-05 北京首创环境科技有限公司 一种基于岩质边坡防护的生态基材及其制备方法

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JP2004100327A (ja) * 2002-09-11 2004-04-02 Shin Nippon Ryokka:Kk 植生袋
CN210104767U (zh) * 2019-04-08 2020-02-21 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院 一种岩质边坡生境构建结构
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