WO2024011478A1 - Power supply system and control method therefor - Google Patents

Power supply system and control method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024011478A1
WO2024011478A1 PCT/CN2022/105615 CN2022105615W WO2024011478A1 WO 2024011478 A1 WO2024011478 A1 WO 2024011478A1 CN 2022105615 W CN2022105615 W CN 2022105615W WO 2024011478 A1 WO2024011478 A1 WO 2024011478A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
switch
electronic device
temperature
battery
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PCT/CN2022/105615
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
许哲荣
林政辉
施彦德
陈裕恺
伍敏旻
Original Assignee
中兴电工机械股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/105615 priority Critical patent/WO2024011478A1/en
Publication of WO2024011478A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024011478A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of power control, and specifically refers to an electronic device having a fuel cell and a rechargeable battery.
  • the present invention proposes a combination of a fuel cell and a rechargeable battery.
  • the rechargeable battery can make up for the insufficient current driving capability of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell can also continuously supplement the rechargeable battery's power to improve endurance.
  • the present invention also proposes corresponding protection methods and power calculation methods, which help ensure that the fuel cell combined with the rechargeable battery can operate normally, and can provide users with reliable power information about the rechargeable battery to improve user experience.
  • the present invention proposes an electronic device including a fuel cell, a first switch, a rechargeable battery, a second switch and a relay.
  • the fuel cell described above provides the fuel voltage.
  • the first switch supplies the fuel voltage to the first node according to the first control signal.
  • the above mentioned rechargeable batteries provide the battery voltage.
  • the second switch is coupled to the first node, wherein the second switch uses the fuel voltage to charge the rechargeable battery according to the second control signal.
  • the relay supplies the voltage of the first node to the load according to the third control signal.
  • the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a one-way conduction component.
  • the one-way conduction component is coupled between the fuel cell and the first switch, and is used to provide the fuel voltage to the first switch in one direction.
  • the above-mentioned one-way conducting component includes a diode.
  • the diode includes an anode terminal and a cathode terminal, wherein the anode terminal is coupled to the fuel cell, and the cathode terminal is coupled to the first switch.
  • the above-mentioned diode is a Schottky diode.
  • the first switch is a metal oxide semiconductor.
  • the second switch is an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
  • the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a first current detector and a second current detector.
  • the first current detector is coupled between the second switch and the rechargeable battery, and is used to detect the battery current of the rechargeable battery to generate a first current signal.
  • the second current detector is coupled between the first node and the relay, and is used for detecting the load current flowing to the load to generate a second current signal.
  • the first current detector and the second current detector are respectively Hall detectors.
  • the electronic device further includes a first voltage detection circuit and a second voltage detection circuit.
  • the first voltage detection circuit is used to detect the fuel voltage and generate a first voltage detection signal.
  • the second voltage detection circuit is used to detect the battery voltage and generate a second voltage detection signal.
  • the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a driving circuit and a controller.
  • the above-mentioned driving circuit generates the above-mentioned first control signal, the above-mentioned second control signal and the above-mentioned third control signal according to the driving signal.
  • the controller generates the driving signal according to the first current signal, the second current signal, the first voltage detection signal and the second voltage detection signal.
  • the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a peripheral power supply.
  • the peripheral power supply is used to supply power to the first voltage detection circuit, the second voltage detection circuit, the first current detector, the second current detector, the drive circuit and the controller.
  • the above-mentioned rechargeable battery is composed of a plurality of lithium battery cells, and the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a protection circuit.
  • the above protection circuit is used to maintain the voltage of each of the above lithium battery cells not being greater than the second threshold voltage.
  • the above protection circuit further includes a first temperature detection circuit.
  • the first temperature detection circuit is used to detect the temperature of the first switch and generate a first temperature detection signal, wherein the first temperature detection circuit provides the first temperature detection signal to the controller.
  • the drive circuit when the controller determines that the temperature of the first switch exceeds the first temperature based on the first temperature detection signal, the drive circuit does not conduct the first switch, the second switch and the relay. .
  • the above protection circuit further includes a second temperature detection circuit.
  • the second temperature detection circuit is used to detect the temperature of the rechargeable battery and generate a second temperature detection signal, wherein the temperature detection circuit provides the second temperature detection signal to the controller.
  • the drive circuit when the controller determines that the temperature of the rechargeable battery exceeds the second temperature based on the second temperature detection signal, the drive circuit does not conduct the first switch, the second switch and the relay. .
  • the above-mentioned first temperature detection circuit and the above-mentioned second temperature detection circuit further include a negative temperature coefficient resistor, a first resistor and a first capacitor.
  • the negative temperature coefficient resistor is coupled between the supply voltage and the second node.
  • the first resistor is coupled between the second node and the ground terminal.
  • the first capacitor is coupled between the second node and the ground terminal, wherein the temperature detection signal is generated at the second node.
  • the peripheral power supply is used to provide the supply voltage.
  • the driving circuit when the controller determines that the fuel voltage exceeds the first threshold voltage according to the first voltage detection signal, the driving circuit does not turn on the first switch.
  • the driving circuit when the controller determines that the battery voltage exceeds the second threshold voltage according to the second voltage detection signal, the driving circuit does not turn on the second switch.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the controller and drive circuit of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device operating in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device operating in the second mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device operating in a third mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device operating in a fourth mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a circuit diagram of a voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a temperature detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart of a protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a flow chart of a power calculation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • VFC fuel voltage
  • IBAT battery current
  • VX voltage to be measured
  • VDD supply voltage
  • first,” “second,” “third,” etc. may be used herein to describe various components, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these components, components, Regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms, and these terms are only used to distinguish between different components, components, regions, layers, and/or sections.
  • a first component, component, region, layer, and/or section discussed below could be termed a second component, component, region, layer without departing from the teachings of some disclosed embodiments of the invention. , and/or parts.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electronic device 100 includes a fuel cell 101, a one-way conduction component 102, a first switch 103, a first voltage detection circuit 104 and a first temperature detection circuit 105.
  • the fuel cell 101 provides the fuel voltage VFC, and the unidirectional conduction component 102 is used to provide the fuel voltage VFC to the first switch 103 in one direction.
  • the one-way conducting component 102 is a diode.
  • the unidirectional conduction component 102 is a Schottky diode.
  • the first switch 103 is coupled between the fuel cell 101 and the first node N1, and is turned on or off according to the first control signal SW1.
  • the first switch 103 is a metal oxide semiconductor.
  • the first voltage detection circuit 104 is used to detect the fuel voltage VFC and generate the first voltage detection signal VS1.
  • the first temperature detection circuit 105 is used to detect the temperature of the first switch 103 and generate a first temperature detection signal TS1.
  • the electronic device 100 further includes a rechargeable battery 106 , a second switch 108 , a first current detector 109 , a second voltage detection circuit 110 and a second temperature detection circuit 111 .
  • Rechargeable battery 106 provides battery voltage VBAT.
  • the rechargeable battery 106 may be a lead-acid battery, a nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery, a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, a lithium-ion polymer (Li-Po) battery, a high-voltage lithium-ion Polymer batteries (Li-HV), lithium iron phosphate (Li-Fe) batteries, and any other reusable batteries.
  • the electronic device 100 may further include a protection circuit 107 to protect the voltage of each battery unit of the rechargeable battery 106 from exceeding a threshold voltage and to ensure that the voltage of each battery unit is The voltages are close to each other.
  • the protection circuit 107 when the rechargeable battery 106 is composed of a plurality of battery cells of a lithium-ion battery or a lithium-ion polymer battery connected in series, the protection circuit 107 is used to protect the voltage of each battery cell from exceeding 4.2 V.
  • the rechargeable battery 106 when the rechargeable battery 106 is composed of a plurality of battery cells of a high-voltage lithium-ion polymer (Li-HV) battery connected in series, the protection circuit 107 is used to protect the voltage of each battery cell. No more than 4.35V.
  • the protection circuit 107 when the rechargeable battery 106 is composed of a plurality of battery cells of a lithium iron phosphate battery connected in series, the protection circuit 107 is used to protect the voltage of each battery cell from exceeding 3.65V.
  • the second switch 108 is coupled between the first node N1 and the rechargeable battery 106, and uses the voltage of the first node N1 to charge the rechargeable battery 106 according to the second control signal SW2.
  • the second switch 108 is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT).
  • the rechargeable battery 106 is a diode (not shown in FIG. 1 ) added through the second switch 108 and is discharged to the load LOAD.
  • the first current detector 109 is coupled between the rechargeable battery 106 and the second switch 108 for measuring the battery current IBAT to generate the first current detection signal IS1.
  • the battery current IBAT includes a charging current for charging the rechargeable battery 106 and a discharge current for the rechargeable battery 106 .
  • the second voltage detection circuit 110 is used to detect the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 and generate a second voltage detection signal VS2.
  • the second temperature detection circuit 111 is used to detect the temperature of the rechargeable battery 106 and generate a second temperature detection signal TS2.
  • the electronic device 100 further includes a relay 112 , a second current detector 113 , a driving circuit 114 , a controller 115 and a peripheral power supply 116 .
  • the relay 112 is coupled between the first node N1 and the load LOAD, and provides the voltage of the first node N1 to the load LOAD according to the third control signal SW3.
  • the second current detector 113 is coupled between the first node N1 and the relay 112 for measuring the load current IL flowing to the load LOAD to generate the second current detection signal IS2. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second current detector 113 is used to detect the total output current of the fuel cell 101 and the rechargeable battery 106 . According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first current detector 109 and the second current detector 113 are Hall detectors.
  • the driving circuit 114 generates the first control signal SW1, the second control signal SW2 and the third control signal SW3 according to the driving signal SC, and then controls the first switch 103, the second switch 108 and the relay 112 to be conductive or non-conductive.
  • the controller 115 generates a driving signal according to the first temperature detection signal TS1, the second temperature detection signal TS2, the first current detection signal IS1, the second current detection signal IS2, the first voltage detection signal VS1 and the second voltage detection signal VS2. SC.
  • the driving circuit 114 and the controller 115 will be described in detail below.
  • the peripheral power supply 116 is coupled to the first node N1 and used to power the electronic device 100 .
  • the relay 112 is coupled to the peripheral power supply 116
  • the second current detector 113 detects the sum of the current flowing to the load LOAD and the current flowing to the peripheral power supply 116 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the controller and the driving circuit of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the peripheral power supply 116 supplies power to the first temperature detection circuit 105 , the first current detector 109 , the second temperature detection circuit 111 , the second current detector 113 , the driving circuit 114 and the controller 115 .
  • the peripheral power supply 116 provides supply voltage to the first temperature detection circuit 105, the first current detector 109, the second temperature detection circuit 111, the second current detector 113, the driving circuit 114 and the controller. 115.
  • auxiliary circuits when the fuel cell 101 reacts to generate the fuel voltage VFC, auxiliary circuits (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 ) are required to assist the fuel cell 101 to react efficiently, and these auxiliary circuits are provided by peripheral Powered by power supply 116.
  • the controller 115 receives the first voltage detection signal VS1 generated by the first voltage detection circuit 104, the first temperature detection signal TS1 generated by the first temperature detection circuit 105, and the first current generated by the first current detector 109.
  • the detection signal IS1, the second voltage detection signal VS2 generated by the second voltage detection circuit 110, the second temperature detection signal TS2 generated by the second temperature detection circuit 111, and the second current detection signal generated by the second current detector 113 IS2 generates the driving signal SC.
  • the driving circuit 114 uses the first control signal SW1, the second control signal SW2 and the third control signal SW3 to drive the first switch 103, the second switch 108 and the relay 112 respectively according to the driving signal SC.
  • the electronic device 100 further includes a rechargeable battery 106 to supplement the lower current driving capability of the fuel cell 101 .
  • the rechargeable battery 106 is not a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, a lithium-ion polymer (Li-Po) battery, a high-voltage lithium-ion polymer battery (Li-HV), or a lithium iron phosphate battery, (Li-Fe) battery
  • the electronic device 100 can omit the protection circuit 107 to reduce costs.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Comparing the electronic device 300 of FIG. 3 with the electronic device 100 of FIG. 1 , the one-way conduction component 102 of FIG. 1 is replaced with a diode D1 , wherein the second switch 108 also includes an external diode D2 . According to some embodiments of the present invention, the rechargeable battery 106 provides power to the load LOAD through the external diode D2 of the second switch 108 .
  • the diode D1 includes an anode terminal NA and a cathode terminal NC, where the anode terminal NA is coupled to the fuel cell 101 and the cathode terminal NC is coupled to the first switch 103 .
  • the diode D1 may be a Schottky diode to further reduce the power loss caused by the cross-voltage of the diode.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device operating in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the controller 115 determines that the fuel voltage VFC of the electronic device 400 is greater than the battery voltage VBAT and the charging current of the rechargeable battery 106 exceeds the maximum charging current IP
  • the controller 115 generates a driving signal to operate in the first mode.
  • SC and the driving circuit 114 turns on the first switch 103 and the relay 112 according to the driving signal SC, and periodically turns on the second switch 108, so that the average charging current of the rechargeable battery 106 is the maximum charging current IP.
  • the controller 115 samples the battery current IBAT N times within the first time T1 and averages it to generate the average current IAVE, where the average current IAVE is shown in Formula 1:
  • the second switch 108 when the average current IAVE is not greater than the maximum charging current IP, it means that the second switch 108 continues to be turned on to safely charge the rechargeable battery 106. Therefore, the second switch 108 continues to be turned on to charge the rechargeable battery 106 safely. Battery 106 remains charged safely.
  • the conduction period ratio DON of the second switch 108 is as follows: Formula 2 Shown:
  • the second switch 108 can only be turned on during the first time T1 with a conduction period ratio DON (ie, T1 ⁇ DON), and the remaining time (ie, T1 ⁇ (1-DON))
  • the second switch 108 is non-conductive, so that the average charging current of the rechargeable battery 106 does not exceed the maximum charging current IP.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device operating in a second mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the controller 115 determines that the fuel voltage VFC of the electronic device 500 is greater than the battery voltage VBAT and the battery voltage VBAT exceeds the threshold voltage, it means that the rechargeable battery 106 has sufficient power, and the controller 115 operates in the second mode.
  • the driving signal SC is generated, and the driving circuit 114 turns on the first switch 103 and the relay 112 according to the driving signal SC, and turns off the second switch 108 .
  • the fuel voltage VFC of the fuel cell 101 directly supplies power to the load LOAD, and the rechargeable battery 106 can supply power to the load LOAD through the external diode D2 of the second switch 108. Since the second switch 108 is non-conductive, the fuel cell 101 does not charge the rechargeable battery 106 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device operating in a third mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the controller 115 determines that the fuel voltage VFC of the electronic device 600 is less than the battery voltage VBAT
  • the controller 115 generates the driving signal SC to operate in the third mode, and the driving circuit 114 switches the relay according to the driving signal SC. 112 is turned on, and the first switch 103 and the second switch 108 are not turned on. Therefore, the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 supplies power to the load LOAD through the external diode D2 of the second switch 108 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device operating in a fourth mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the controller 115 determines that the fuel voltage VFC of the electronic device 700 is equal to the battery voltage VBAT, the controller 115 generates the driving signal SC to operate in the fourth mode, and the driving circuit 114 switches the third driving signal SC according to the driving signal SC.
  • the first switch 103 and the relay 112 are turned on, and the second switch 108 is turned off.
  • the fuel voltage VFC of the fuel cell 101 supplies power to the load LOAD. Furthermore, the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 supplies power to the load LOAD through the external diode D2 of the second switch 108 .
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the voltage detection circuit 800 includes a first resistor RA and a second resistor RB.
  • the voltage detection circuit 800 uses the first resistor RA and the second resistor RB to divide the voltage VX to be measured to generate a voltage detection signal VS.
  • the voltage detection signal VS is provided to the controller 115 .
  • the voltage detection circuit 800 corresponds to the first voltage detection circuit 104 of Figure 1 and is used to detect the fuel voltage VFC of the fuel cell 101 to generate the first voltage detection signal VS1.
  • the voltage detection circuit 800 corresponds to the second voltage detection circuit 110 of FIG. 1 and is used to detect the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 to generate the second voltage detection signal VS2.
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a temperature detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the temperature detection circuit 900 includes a thermistor RT, a third resistor RC, and a first capacitor C1.
  • the thermistor RT is coupled between the supply voltage VDD and the second node N2
  • the third resistor RC is coupled between the second node N2 and the ground terminal
  • the capacitor is coupled between the second node N2 and the ground terminal. between.
  • the thermistor RT has a negative temperature coefficient. In other words, the resistance value of the thermistor RT decreases as the temperature increases.
  • the controller 115 can estimate the ambient temperature based on the voltage value of the temperature detection signal TS.
  • the supply voltage VDD is provided by the peripheral power supply 116 of FIG. 1 .
  • the first capacitor C1 is used to stabilize the voltage value of the temperature detection signal TS.
  • the temperature detection circuit 900 corresponds to the first temperature detection circuit 105 in FIG. 1 and is used to detect the temperature of the first switch 103 to generate the first temperature detection signal TS1. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the temperature detection circuit 900 corresponds to the second temperature detection circuit 111 of FIG. 1 and is used to detect the temperature of the rechargeable battery 106 .
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The following description of the protection method 1000 in FIG. 10 will be combined with the electronic device 100 in FIG. 1 to facilitate detailed explanation.
  • the controller 115 determines whether the fuel voltage VFC exceeds the first threshold voltage based on the first voltage detection signal VS1 generated by the first voltage detection circuit 104 (step S1010). When it is determined that the fuel voltage VFC exceeds the first threshold voltage, the controller 115 uses the drive signal SC to control the drive circuit 114 to turn off the first switch 103 (step S1020).
  • the excessive fuel voltage VFC may burn the load LOAD and/or the rechargeable battery 106.
  • step S1010 when it is determined that the fuel voltage VFC does not exceed the first threshold voltage, the controller 115 determines whether the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 is based on the second voltage detection signal VS2 generated by the second voltage detection circuit 110. exceeds the second threshold voltage (step S1030). When it is determined that the battery voltage VBAT exceeds the second threshold voltage, the controller 115 uses the driving signal SC to control the driving circuit 114 to turn off the second switch 108 (step S1040).
  • the battery voltage VBAT exceeds the second threshold voltage, it means that the rechargeable battery 106 is fully charged or nearly fully charged.
  • the second switch 108 is not turned on to avoid Rechargeable battery 106 is overcharged.
  • the rechargeable battery 106 can still supply power to the load LOAD through the external diode of the second switch 108 (D2 as shown in FIG. 3).
  • step S1050 when it is determined that the battery voltage VBAT does not exceed the second threshold voltage, the controller 115 determines whether the temperature of the rechargeable battery 106 exceeds the second threshold voltage according to the second temperature detection signal TS2 generated by the second temperature detection circuit 111. a temperature (step S1050). When it is determined that the temperature of the rechargeable battery 106 exceeds the first temperature, the controller 115 uses the drive signal SC to control the drive circuit 114 to disable the first switch 106 , the second switch 108 and the relay 112 (step S1060 ).
  • the controller 115 determines whether the temperature of the first switch 103 exceeds the second temperature according to the first temperature detection signal TS1 generated by the first temperature detection circuit 105 (step S1070). When it is determined that the temperature of the first switch 103 exceeds the second temperature, the controller 115 uses the drive signal SC to control the drive circuit 114 to disable the first switch 106, the second switch 108 and the relay 112 (step S1060).
  • the controller 115 ends the protection method 1000 .
  • the controller 115 executes the protection method 1000 at predetermined intervals to ensure that the electronic device 100 operates normally.
  • the load LOAD is stopped. supply power to avoid danger.
  • the first switch 106 since the first switch 106 is a component that operates for a long time in the electronic device 100, in order to protect the first switch 106, the temperature of the first switch 106 must be continuously monitored to prevent the first switch 106 from damaged by high temperatures.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a power calculation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The following description of the power calculation method 1100 in FIG. 11 will be combined with the electronic device 100 in FIG. 1 to facilitate detailed explanation.
  • the controller 115 determines the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 based on the second voltage detection signal VS2 generated by the second voltage detection circuit 110, and determines the battery voltage VBAT according to the battery Voltage VBAT, the state of charge of the rechargeable battery 106 is calculated using the open circuit voltage method (step S1110).
  • the controller 115 stores a lookup table.
  • the controller 115 obtains the battery voltage VBAT when the relay 112 is non-conductive, the controller 115 searches the lookup table for the power corresponding to the battery voltage VBAT, and uses the found power as the power of the rechargeable battery 106.
  • Different types of Rechargeable battery 106 corresponds to different lookup tables.
  • the controller 115 determines whether the battery current IBAT exceeds the first current according to the first current detection signal IS1 generated by the first current detector 109 (step S1120).
  • the battery current IBAT represents the charging current and discharging current of the rechargeable battery 106 .
  • the controller 115 uses the open circuit voltage method again to calculate the state of charge of the rechargeable battery 106 (step S1110).
  • the first predetermined time is 30 minutes.
  • the controller 115 calculates the electric quantity using the ampere-hour method (step S1140).
  • the first current is 1 amp.
  • the controller 115 uses an open circuit voltage method to obtain an initial value of the power of the rechargeable battery 106.
  • the controller 115 uses the open circuit voltage method to obtain the initial value of the power, and uses the ampere-hour method to calculate the power of the rechargeable battery 106 after charging and/or discharging.
  • the present invention proposes a combination of a fuel cell and a rechargeable battery.
  • the rechargeable battery can make up for the insufficient current driving capability of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell can also continuously supplement the rechargeable battery's power to improve endurance.
  • the present invention also proposes a protection method and a power calculation method, which help ensure that the fuel cell combined with the rechargeable battery can operate normally, and can provide users with reliable power information about the rechargeable battery to improve user experience.
  • the protection scope of the present invention includes the above-mentioned manufacturing process, machine, manufacturing, material composition, device, method and step.
  • each protection scope may constitute an individual embodiment, and the protection scope of the present invention also includes the combination of the protection scope and embodiments of each technical solution.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electronic apparatus, comprising a fuel cell, a first switch, a rechargeable battery, a second switch and a relay. The fuel cell provides a fuel voltage; the first switch supplies the fuel voltage to a first node according to a first control signal; the rechargeable battery provides a battery voltage; the second switch is coupled to the first node, and, according to the second control signal, charges the rechargeable battery by using the fuel voltage; and the relay supplies a voltage of the first node to a load according to the third control signal.

Description

电源系统及其控制方法Power supply system and control method thereof 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及电源控制技术领域，具体是指一种具有燃料电池以及可充电电池的电子装置。The present invention relates to the technical field of power control, and specifically refers to an electronic device having a fuel cell and a rechargeable battery.
背景技术Background technique
随着可替代性能源的蓬勃发展，各种新型态的电池架构不断的被提出，燃料电池也因此再次受到重视。为了更有效的利用燃料电池，因此有必要针对燃料电池的电池组进行优化，以利于加速燃料电池的应用到现实生活的目标。With the vigorous development of alternative energy sources, various new battery architectures are constantly being proposed, and fuel cells have once again attracted attention. In order to utilize fuel cells more effectively, it is necessary to optimize the fuel cell stack in order to accelerate the application of fuel cells to real life goals.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明在此提出了结合燃料电池以及可充电电池，可充电电池可弥补燃料电池的电流驱动能力不足的问题，燃料电池也可持续补充可充电电池电量，以提升续航力。本发明还提出相应的保护方法以及电量计算方法，有助于确保燃料电池结合可充电电池能够正常运作，并且能够给使用者提供有关可充电电池的可靠的电量信息，以提升用户体验。The present invention proposes a combination of a fuel cell and a rechargeable battery. The rechargeable battery can make up for the insufficient current driving capability of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell can also continuously supplement the rechargeable battery's power to improve endurance. The present invention also proposes corresponding protection methods and power calculation methods, which help ensure that the fuel cell combined with the rechargeable battery can operate normally, and can provide users with reliable power information about the rechargeable battery to improve user experience.
有鉴于此，本发明提出一种电子装置，包括燃料电池、第一开关、可充电电池、第二开关以及继电器。上述燃料电池提供燃料电压。上述第一开关根据第一控制信号，将上述燃料电压供应至第一节点。上述可充电电池提供电池电压。上述第二开关耦接至上述第一节点，其中上述第二开关根据第二控制信号，利用上述燃料电压对上述可充电电池充电。上述继电器根据第三控制信号，将上述第一节点的电压供应至负载处。In view of this, the present invention proposes an electronic device including a fuel cell, a first switch, a rechargeable battery, a second switch and a relay. The fuel cell described above provides the fuel voltage. The first switch supplies the fuel voltage to the first node according to the first control signal. The above mentioned rechargeable batteries provide the battery voltage. The second switch is coupled to the first node, wherein the second switch uses the fuel voltage to charge the rechargeable battery according to the second control signal. The relay supplies the voltage of the first node to the load according to the third control signal.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述电子装置还包括单向导通组件。上述单向导通组件耦接于上述燃料电池以及上述第一开关之间，用以将上述燃料电压单方向地提供至上述第一开关。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a one-way conduction component. The one-way conduction component is coupled between the fuel cell and the first switch, and is used to provide the fuel voltage to the first switch in one direction.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述单向导通组件包括二极管。上述二极管包括阳极端以及阴极端，其中上述阳极端耦接至上述燃料电池，上述阴极端耦接至上述第一开关。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned one-way conducting component includes a diode. The diode includes an anode terminal and a cathode terminal, wherein the anode terminal is coupled to the fuel cell, and the cathode terminal is coupled to the first switch.
根据本发明的另一些实施例，上述二极管为萧特基二极管。According to other embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned diode is a Schottky diode.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述第一开关为金属氧化半导体。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first switch is a metal oxide semiconductor.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述第二开关为绝缘闸极双极性晶体管。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second switch is an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述电子装置还包括第一电流检测器以及第二电流检测器。上述第一电流检测器耦接于上述第二开关以及上述可充电电池之间，用以检测上述可充电电 池的电池电流而产生第一电流信号。上述第二电流检测器耦接于上述第一节点以及上述继电器之间，用以检测流至上述负载的负载电流而产生第二电流信号。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a first current detector and a second current detector. The first current detector is coupled between the second switch and the rechargeable battery, and is used to detect the battery current of the rechargeable battery to generate a first current signal. The second current detector is coupled between the first node and the relay, and is used for detecting the load current flowing to the load to generate a second current signal.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述第一电流检测器以及上述第二电流检测器分别为霍尔检测器。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first current detector and the second current detector are respectively Hall detectors.
根据本发明的一些实施例，电子装置还包括第一电压检测电路以及第二电压检测电路。上述第一电压检测电路用以检测上述燃料电压而产生第一电压检测信号。上述第二电压检测电路用以检测上述电池电压而产生第二电压检测信号。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electronic device further includes a first voltage detection circuit and a second voltage detection circuit. The first voltage detection circuit is used to detect the fuel voltage and generate a first voltage detection signal. The second voltage detection circuit is used to detect the battery voltage and generate a second voltage detection signal.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述电子装置还包括驱动电路以及控制器。上述驱动电路根据驱动信号，产生上述第一控制信号、上述第二控制信号以及上述第三控制信号。上述控制器根据上述第一电流信号、上述第二电流信号、上述第一电压检测信号以及上述第二电压检测信号，而产生上述驱动信号。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a driving circuit and a controller. The above-mentioned driving circuit generates the above-mentioned first control signal, the above-mentioned second control signal and the above-mentioned third control signal according to the driving signal. The controller generates the driving signal according to the first current signal, the second current signal, the first voltage detection signal and the second voltage detection signal.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述电子装置还包括周边电源。上述周边电源用以对上述第一电压检测电路、上述第二电压检测电路、上述第一电流检测器、上述第二电流检测器、上述驱动电路以及上述控制器进行供电。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a peripheral power supply. The peripheral power supply is used to supply power to the first voltage detection circuit, the second voltage detection circuit, the first current detector, the second current detector, the drive circuit and the controller.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述可充电电池为由多数个锂电池单元所组成，其中上述电子装置还包括保护电路。上述保护电路用以维持上述每一个锂电池单元的的电压均不大于第二临限电压。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned rechargeable battery is composed of a plurality of lithium battery cells, and the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a protection circuit. The above protection circuit is used to maintain the voltage of each of the above lithium battery cells not being greater than the second threshold voltage.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述保护电路还包括第一温度检测电路。上述第一温度检测电路用以检测上述第一开关的温度，而产生第一温度检测信号，其中上述第一温度检测电路将上述第一温度检测信号提供至上述控制器。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above protection circuit further includes a first temperature detection circuit. The first temperature detection circuit is used to detect the temperature of the first switch and generate a first temperature detection signal, wherein the first temperature detection circuit provides the first temperature detection signal to the controller.
根据本发明的一些实施例，当上述控制器根据上述第一温度检测信号判断上述第一开关的温度超过第一温度时，上述驱动电路不导通上述第一开关、上述第二开关以及上述继电器。According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the controller determines that the temperature of the first switch exceeds the first temperature based on the first temperature detection signal, the drive circuit does not conduct the first switch, the second switch and the relay. .
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述保护电路还包括第二温度检测电路。上述第二温度检测电路用以检测上述可充电电池的温度，而产生第二温度检测信号，其中上述温度检测电路将上述第二温度检测信号提供至上述控制器。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above protection circuit further includes a second temperature detection circuit. The second temperature detection circuit is used to detect the temperature of the rechargeable battery and generate a second temperature detection signal, wherein the temperature detection circuit provides the second temperature detection signal to the controller.
根据本发明的一些实施例，当上述控制器根据上述第二温度检测信号判断上述可充电电池的温度超过第二温度时，上述驱动电路不导通上述第一开关、上述第二开关以及上述继电器。According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the controller determines that the temperature of the rechargeable battery exceeds the second temperature based on the second temperature detection signal, the drive circuit does not conduct the first switch, the second switch and the relay. .
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述第一温度检测电路以及上述第二温度检测电路还包括负温度系数电阻、第一电阻以及第一电容。上述负温度系数电阻耦接于供应电压以及第二节点 之间。上述第一电阻耦接于上述第二节点以及接地端之间。上述第一电容耦接于上述第二节点以及上述接地端之间，其中上述温度检测信号为产生于上述第二节点。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned first temperature detection circuit and the above-mentioned second temperature detection circuit further include a negative temperature coefficient resistor, a first resistor and a first capacitor. The negative temperature coefficient resistor is coupled between the supply voltage and the second node. The first resistor is coupled between the second node and the ground terminal. The first capacitor is coupled between the second node and the ground terminal, wherein the temperature detection signal is generated at the second node.
根据本发明的一些实施例，上述周边电源为用于提供上述供应电压。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the peripheral power supply is used to provide the supply voltage.
根据本发明的一些实施例，当上述控制器根据上述第一电压检测信号判断上述燃料电压超过第一临限电压时，上述驱动电路不导通上述第一开关。According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the controller determines that the fuel voltage exceeds the first threshold voltage according to the first voltage detection signal, the driving circuit does not turn on the first switch.
根据本发明的一些实施例，当上述控制器根据上述第二电压检测信号判断上述电池电压超过第二临限电压时，上述驱动电路不导通上述第二开关。According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the controller determines that the battery voltage exceeds the second threshold voltage according to the second voltage detection signal, the driving circuit does not turn on the second switch.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置的示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置的控制器以及驱动电路的操作示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the controller and drive circuit of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明的另一实施例所述的电子装置的示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置操作于第一模式的示意图；FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device operating in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置操作于第二模式的示意图；FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device operating in the second mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置操作于第三模式的示意图；FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device operating in a third mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置操作于第四模式的示意图；7 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device operating in a fourth mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明的一实施例所述的电压检测电路的电路图；Figure 8 is a circuit diagram of a voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明的一实施例所述的温度检测电路的电路图；Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a temperature detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图10为本发明的一实施例所述的保护方法的流程图；以及Figure 10 is a flow chart of a protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
图11为本发明的一实施例所述的电量计算方法的流程图。Figure 11 is a flow chart of a power calculation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记Reference signs
100，200，300，400，500，600，700：电子装置100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700: electronic devices
101：燃料电池101: Fuel Cell
102：单向导通组件102: One-way communication component
103：第一开关103: First switch
104：第一电压检测电路104: First voltage detection circuit
105：第一温度检测电路105: First temperature detection circuit
106：可充电电池106: Rechargeable battery
107：保护电路107: Protection circuit
108：第二开关108: Second switch
109：第一电流检测器109: First current detector
110：第二电压检测电路110: Second voltage detection circuit
111：第二温度检测电路111: Second temperature detection circuit
112：继电器112: Relay
113：第二电流检测器113: Second current detector
114：驱动电路114: Drive circuit
115：控制器115: Controller
116：周边电源116: Peripheral power supply
800：电压检测电路800: Voltage detection circuit
900：温度检测电路900: Temperature detection circuit
1000：保护方法1000: Protection method
1100：电量计算方法1100: Electricity calculation method
VFC：燃料电压VFC: fuel voltage
VBAT：电池电压VBAT: battery voltage
N1：第一节点N1: first node
N2：第二节点N2: second node
SW1：第一控制信号SW1: first control signal
SW2：第二控制信号SW2: Second control signal
SW3：第三控制信号SW3: The third control signal
VS1：第一电压检测信号VS1: first voltage detection signal
VS2：第二电压检测信号VS2: Second voltage detection signal
SC：驱动信号SC: drive signal
IS1：第一电流检测信号IS1: first current detection signal
IS2：第二电流检测信号IS2: Second current detection signal
TS1：第一温度检测信号TS1: First temperature detection signal
TS2：第二温度检测信号TS2: Second temperature detection signal
IBAT：电池电流IBAT: battery current
IL：负载电流IL: load current
LOAD：负载LOAD: load
D1：二极管D1: diode
D2：寄生二极管D2: Parasitic diode
NA：阳极端NA: anode end
NC：阴极端NC: cathode end
RA：第一电阻RA: first resistance
RB：第二电阻RB: Second resistor
RC：第三电阻RC: third resistor
VX：待测电压VX: voltage to be measured
VS：电压检测信号VS: Voltage detection signal
RT：热敏电阻RT: thermistor
C1：第一电容C1: first capacitor
VDD：供应电压VDD: supply voltage
S1010～S1070、S1110～S1140：步骤流程S1010～S1070, S1110～S1140: step process
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下说明为本发明的实施例。其目的是要举例说明本发明一般性的原则，不应视为本发明的限制，本发明的保护范围当以申请专利范围所界定的保护范围为准。The following description is an embodiment of the present invention. The purpose is to illustrate the general principles of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection defined in the patent application scope.
能理解的是，虽然在此可使用用语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等来叙述各种组件、组成成分、区域、层、及/或部分，这些组件、组成成分、区域、层、及/或部分不应被这些用语限定，且这些用语仅是用来区别不同的组件、组成成分、区域、层、及/或部分。因此，以下讨论的第一组件、组成成分、区域、层、及/或部分可在不偏离本发明所公开的一些实施例的教导的情况下被称为第二组件、组成成分、区域、层、及/或部分。It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. may be used herein to describe various components, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these components, components, Regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms, and these terms are only used to distinguish between different components, components, regions, layers, and/or sections. Thus, a first component, component, region, layer, and/or section discussed below could be termed a second component, component, region, layer without departing from the teachings of some disclosed embodiments of the invention. , and/or parts.
值得注意的是，以下所公开的内容可提供多个用以实践本发明的不同特点的实施例或范例。以下所述的特殊的组件范例与安排仅用以简明扼要地阐述本发明的发明精神，并非用以限定本发明的保护范围。此外，以下说明书可能在多个范例中重复使用相同的组件符号或文字。然而，重复使用的目的仅为了提供简化并清楚的说明，并非用以限定多个以下所讨论的实施例以及/或配置之间的关系。此外，以下说明书所述的一个特征连接至、耦接至以及/或形成于另一特征的上位的描述，实际可包含多个不同的实施例，包括该等特征直接接触，或者包含其它额外的特征形成于该等特征之间等等，使得该等特征并非直接接触。It is worth noting that the following disclosure may provide multiple embodiments or examples for practicing different features of the invention. The special component examples and arrangements described below are only used to briefly illustrate the spirit of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, the following instructions may reuse the same component symbols or words in multiple examples. However, the purpose of repeated use is only to provide a simplified and clear explanation, and is not intended to limit the relationship between multiple embodiments and/or configurations discussed below. In addition, the following description of one feature being connected to, coupled to, and/or formed upon another feature may actually encompass a number of different embodiments, including those features in direct contact, or including other additional features. Features are formed between such features, etc., such that the features are not in direct contact.
图1为显示根据本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置的示意图。如图1所示，电子装置100包括燃料电池101、单向导通组件102、第一开关103、第一电压检测电路104以及第一温度 检测电路105。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the electronic device 100 includes a fuel cell 101, a one-way conduction component 102, a first switch 103, a first voltage detection circuit 104 and a first temperature detection circuit 105.
燃料电池101提供燃料电压VFC，单向导通组件102用于单方向的将燃料电压VFC提供至第一开关103。根据本发明的一实施例，单向导通组件102为二极管。根据本发明的另一实施例，单向导通组件102为萧特基二极管。The fuel cell 101 provides the fuel voltage VFC, and the unidirectional conduction component 102 is used to provide the fuel voltage VFC to the first switch 103 in one direction. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the one-way conducting component 102 is a diode. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the unidirectional conduction component 102 is a Schottky diode.
第一开关103为耦接于燃料电池101以及第一节点N1之间，且根据第一控制信号SW1而导通以及不导通。根据本发明的一实施例，第一开关103为金属氧化物半导体。The first switch 103 is coupled between the fuel cell 101 and the first node N1, and is turned on or off according to the first control signal SW1. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first switch 103 is a metal oxide semiconductor.
第一电压检测电路104用以检测燃料电压VFC，而产生第一电压检测信号VS1。第一温度检测电路105用以检测第一开关103的温度，而产生第一温度检测信号TS1。The first voltage detection circuit 104 is used to detect the fuel voltage VFC and generate the first voltage detection signal VS1. The first temperature detection circuit 105 is used to detect the temperature of the first switch 103 and generate a first temperature detection signal TS1.
如图1所示，电子装置100还包括可充电电池106、第二开关108、第一电流检测器109、第二电压检测电路110以及第二温度检测电路111。As shown in FIG. 1 , the electronic device 100 further includes a rechargeable battery 106 , a second switch 108 , a first current detector 109 , a second voltage detection circuit 110 and a second temperature detection circuit 111 .
可充电电池106提供电池电压VBAT。根据本发明的一些实施例，可充电电池106可为铅酸电池、镍氢(Ni-MH)电池、锂离子(Li-ion)电池、锂离子聚合物(Li-Po)电池、高压锂离子聚合物电池(Li-HV)、磷酸锂铁(Li-Fe)电池以及其他任何可重复使用的电池。 Rechargeable battery 106 provides battery voltage VBAT. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the rechargeable battery 106 may be a lead-acid battery, a nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery, a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, a lithium-ion polymer (Li-Po) battery, a high-voltage lithium-ion Polymer batteries (Li-HV), lithium iron phosphate (Li-Fe) batteries, and any other reusable batteries.
根据本发明的一实施例，当可充电电池106为由锂离子(Li-ion)电池、锂离子聚合物(Li-Po)电池、高压锂离子聚合物(Li-HV)电池或磷酸锂铁(Li-Fe)电池所组成的电池组时，电子装置100可还包括保护电路107，用以保护可充电电池106的每一个电池单元的电压不超过临限电压，且使每一个电池单元的电压相互接近。According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the rechargeable battery 106 is a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, a lithium-ion polymer (Li-Po) battery, a high-voltage lithium-ion polymer (Li-HV) battery or a lithium iron phosphate battery, When a battery pack is composed of (Li-Fe) batteries, the electronic device 100 may further include a protection circuit 107 to protect the voltage of each battery unit of the rechargeable battery 106 from exceeding a threshold voltage and to ensure that the voltage of each battery unit is The voltages are close to each other.
根据本发明的一实施例，当可充电电池106为由锂离子电池或锂离子聚合物电池的多数个电池单元串接所组成时，保护电路107用以保护每一电池单元的电压不超过4.2V。根据本发明的另一实施例，当可充电电池106为由高压锂离子聚合物(Li-HV)电池的多数个电池单元串接所组成时，保护电路107用以保护每一个电池单元的电压不超过4.35V。根据本发明的另一实施例，当可充电电池106为由磷酸锂铁池的多数个电池单元串接所组成时，保护电路107用以保护每一电池单元的电压不超过3.65V。According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the rechargeable battery 106 is composed of a plurality of battery cells of a lithium-ion battery or a lithium-ion polymer battery connected in series, the protection circuit 107 is used to protect the voltage of each battery cell from exceeding 4.2 V. According to another embodiment of the present invention, when the rechargeable battery 106 is composed of a plurality of battery cells of a high-voltage lithium-ion polymer (Li-HV) battery connected in series, the protection circuit 107 is used to protect the voltage of each battery cell. No more than 4.35V. According to another embodiment of the present invention, when the rechargeable battery 106 is composed of a plurality of battery cells of a lithium iron phosphate battery connected in series, the protection circuit 107 is used to protect the voltage of each battery cell from exceeding 3.65V.
第二开关108为耦接于第一节点N1以及可充电电池106之间，且根据第二控制信号SW2而将第一节点N1的电压对可充电电池106进行充电。根据本发明的一实施例，第二开关108为绝缘闸极双极性晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)。根据本发明的一实施例，可充电电池106为通过第二开关108加入的二极管(图1并未显示)，放电至负载LOAD。The second switch 108 is coupled between the first node N1 and the rechargeable battery 106, and uses the voltage of the first node N1 to charge the rechargeable battery 106 according to the second control signal SW2. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second switch 108 is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT). According to an embodiment of the present invention, the rechargeable battery 106 is a diode (not shown in FIG. 1 ) added through the second switch 108 and is discharged to the load LOAD.
第一电流检测器109为耦接于可充电电池106以及第二开关108之间，用以量测电池电流IBAT而产生第一电流检测信号IS1。根据本发明的一些实施例，电池电流IBAT包括对可充电电池106充电的充电电流以及可充电电池106的放电电流。The first current detector 109 is coupled between the rechargeable battery 106 and the second switch 108 for measuring the battery current IBAT to generate the first current detection signal IS1. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the battery current IBAT includes a charging current for charging the rechargeable battery 106 and a discharge current for the rechargeable battery 106 .
第二电压检测电路110用以检测可充电电池106的电池电压VBAT，而产生第二电压检测信号VS2。第二温度检测电路111用以检测可充电电池106的温度，而产生第二温度检测信号TS2。The second voltage detection circuit 110 is used to detect the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 and generate a second voltage detection signal VS2. The second temperature detection circuit 111 is used to detect the temperature of the rechargeable battery 106 and generate a second temperature detection signal TS2.
如图1所示，电子装置100还包括继电器112、第二电流检测器113、驱动电路114、控制器115以及周边电源116。继电器112为耦接于第一节点N1以及负载LOAD之间，并且根据第三控制信号SW3，而将第一节点N1的电压提供至负载LOAD。As shown in FIG. 1 , the electronic device 100 further includes a relay 112 , a second current detector 113 , a driving circuit 114 , a controller 115 and a peripheral power supply 116 . The relay 112 is coupled between the first node N1 and the load LOAD, and provides the voltage of the first node N1 to the load LOAD according to the third control signal SW3.
第二电流检测器113为耦接于第一节点N1以及继电器112之间，用以测量流至负载LOAD的负载电流IL而产生第二电流检测信号IS2。根据本发明的一实施例，第二电流检测器113用以检测燃料电池101以及可充电电池106的总输出电流。根据本发明的一些实施例，第一电流检测器109以及第二电流检测器113为为霍尔检测器。The second current detector 113 is coupled between the first node N1 and the relay 112 for measuring the load current IL flowing to the load LOAD to generate the second current detection signal IS2. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second current detector 113 is used to detect the total output current of the fuel cell 101 and the rechargeable battery 106 . According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first current detector 109 and the second current detector 113 are Hall detectors.
驱动电路114根据驱动信号SC，而产生第一控制信号SW1、第二控制信号SW2以及第三控制信号SW3，进而控制第一开关103、第二开关108以及继电器112导通以及不导通。控制器115根据第一温度检测信号TS1、第二温度检测信号TS2、第一电流检测信号IS1、第二电流检测信号IS2、第一电压检测信号VS1以及第二电压检测信号VS2，而产生驱动信号SC。以下将针对驱动电路114以及控制器115进行详细说明。The driving circuit 114 generates the first control signal SW1, the second control signal SW2 and the third control signal SW3 according to the driving signal SC, and then controls the first switch 103, the second switch 108 and the relay 112 to be conductive or non-conductive. The controller 115 generates a driving signal according to the first temperature detection signal TS1, the second temperature detection signal TS2, the first current detection signal IS1, the second current detection signal IS2, the first voltage detection signal VS1 and the second voltage detection signal VS2. SC. The driving circuit 114 and the controller 115 will be described in detail below.
周边电源116耦接至第一节点N1，且用以对电子装置100进行供电。如图1所示，继电器112为耦接于周边电源116之后，并且第二电流检测器113为检测流至负载LOAD的电流以及流至周边电源116的电流的总和。The peripheral power supply 116 is coupled to the first node N1 and used to power the electronic device 100 . As shown in FIG. 1 , the relay 112 is coupled to the peripheral power supply 116 , and the second current detector 113 detects the sum of the current flowing to the load LOAD and the current flowing to the peripheral power supply 116 .
图2为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置的控制器以及驱动电路的操作示意图。如图2所示，周边电源116为对第一温度检测电路105、第一电流检测器109、第二温度检测电路111、第二电流检测器113、驱动电路114以及控制器115进行供电。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the controller and the driving circuit of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2 , the peripheral power supply 116 supplies power to the first temperature detection circuit 105 , the first current detector 109 , the second temperature detection circuit 111 , the second current detector 113 , the driving circuit 114 and the controller 115 .
根据本发明的一些实施例，周边电源116为提供供应电压至第一温度检测电路105、第一电流检测器109、第二温度检测电路111、第二电流检测器113、驱动电路114以及控制器115。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the peripheral power supply 116 provides supply voltage to the first temperature detection circuit 105, the first current detector 109, the second temperature detection circuit 111, the second current detector 113, the driving circuit 114 and the controller. 115.
根据本发明的其他实施例，当燃料电池101进行反应而产生燃料电压VFC时，需要辅助电路(图1以及图2未显示)协助燃料电池101有效率地进行反应，而这些辅助电路为由周边电源116所供电。According to other embodiments of the present invention, when the fuel cell 101 reacts to generate the fuel voltage VFC, auxiliary circuits (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 ) are required to assist the fuel cell 101 to react efficiently, and these auxiliary circuits are provided by peripheral Powered by power supply 116.
此外，控制器115接收第一电压检测电路104所产生的第一电压检测信号VS1、第一温度检测电路105所产生的第一温度检测信号TS1、第一电流检测器109所产生的第一电流检测信号IS1、第二电压检测电路110所产生的第二电压检测信号VS2、第二温度检测电路111 所产生的第二温度检测信号TS2以及第二电流检测器113所产生的第二电流检测信号IS2而产生驱动信号SC，驱动电路114根据驱动信号SC，分别利用第一控制信号SW1、第二控制信号SW2以及第三控制信号SW3驱动第一开关103、第二开关108以及继电器112。In addition, the controller 115 receives the first voltage detection signal VS1 generated by the first voltage detection circuit 104, the first temperature detection signal TS1 generated by the first temperature detection circuit 105, and the first current generated by the first current detector 109. The detection signal IS1, the second voltage detection signal VS2 generated by the second voltage detection circuit 110, the second temperature detection signal TS2 generated by the second temperature detection circuit 111, and the second current detection signal generated by the second current detector 113 IS2 generates the driving signal SC. The driving circuit 114 uses the first control signal SW1, the second control signal SW2 and the third control signal SW3 to drive the first switch 103, the second switch 108 and the relay 112 respectively according to the driving signal SC.
如图1所示，由于燃料电池101的稳态电压响应时间较慢及瞬间电流驱动能力较为不足，因此电子装置100还包括可充电电池106以补足燃料电池101的较低的电流驱动能力。根据本发明的其他实施例，当可充电电池106并非为锂离子(Li-ion)电池、锂离子聚合物(Li-Po)电池、高压锂离子聚合物电池(Li-HV)、磷酸锂铁(Li-Fe)电池的任一者时，电子装置100可省略保护电路107，以降低成本。As shown in FIG. 1 , since the steady-state voltage response time of the fuel cell 101 is slow and the instantaneous current driving capability is insufficient, the electronic device 100 further includes a rechargeable battery 106 to supplement the lower current driving capability of the fuel cell 101 . According to other embodiments of the present invention, when the rechargeable battery 106 is not a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, a lithium-ion polymer (Li-Po) battery, a high-voltage lithium-ion polymer battery (Li-HV), or a lithium iron phosphate battery, (Li-Fe) battery, the electronic device 100 can omit the protection circuit 107 to reduce costs.
图3为显示根据本发明的另一实施例所述的电子装置的示意图。将图3的电子装置300与图1的电子装置100相比，图1的单向导通组件102替换为二极管D1，其中第二开关108还包括外加二极管D2。根据本发明的一些实施例，可充电电池106为通过第二开关108的外加二极管D2而对负载LOAD供电。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Comparing the electronic device 300 of FIG. 3 with the electronic device 100 of FIG. 1 , the one-way conduction component 102 of FIG. 1 is replaced with a diode D1 , wherein the second switch 108 also includes an external diode D2 . According to some embodiments of the present invention, the rechargeable battery 106 provides power to the load LOAD through the external diode D2 of the second switch 108 .
如图3所示，二极管D1包括阳极端NA以及阴极端NC，其中阳极端NA耦接至燃料电池101，阴极端NC耦接至第一开关103。根据本发明的另一实施例，二极管D1可为萧特基二极管，以进一步降低因二极管的跨压所造成的功率损耗。As shown in FIG. 3 , the diode D1 includes an anode terminal NA and a cathode terminal NC, where the anode terminal NA is coupled to the fuel cell 101 and the cathode terminal NC is coupled to the first switch 103 . According to another embodiment of the present invention, the diode D1 may be a Schottky diode to further reduce the power loss caused by the cross-voltage of the diode.
图4为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置操作于第一模式的示意图。如图4所示，当控制器115判断电子装置400的燃料电压VFC大于电池电压VBAT且可充电电池106的充电电流超过最大充电电流IP时，控制器115为操作于第一模式而产生驱动信号SC，且驱动电路114根据驱动信号SC而将第一开关103以及继电器112导通，并且周期性的导通第二开关108，使得可充电电池106的平均的充电电流为最大充电电流IP。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device operating in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , when the controller 115 determines that the fuel voltage VFC of the electronic device 400 is greater than the battery voltage VBAT and the charging current of the rechargeable battery 106 exceeds the maximum charging current IP, the controller 115 generates a driving signal to operate in the first mode. SC, and the driving circuit 114 turns on the first switch 103 and the relay 112 according to the driving signal SC, and periodically turns on the second switch 108, so that the average charging current of the rechargeable battery 106 is the maximum charging current IP.
根据本发明的一实施例，控制器115在第一时间T1内对电池电流IBAT取样N次，并进行平均而产生平均电流IAVE，其中平均电流IAVE如公式1所示：According to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller 115 samples the battery current IBAT N times within the first time T1 and averages it to generate the average current IAVE, where the average current IAVE is shown in Formula 1:
Figure PCTCN2022105615-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022105615-appb-000001
其中，i k为第k次取样的电流，且i＝1～N。 Among them, i k is the k-th sampling current, and i=1~N.
根据本发明的一实施例，当平均电流IAVE不大于最大充电电流IP时，代表第二开关108持续导通即可对可充电电池106安全充电，因此第二开关108持续导通以对可充电电池106安全的持续充电。According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the average current IAVE is not greater than the maximum charging current IP, it means that the second switch 108 continues to be turned on to safely charge the rechargeable battery 106. Therefore, the second switch 108 continues to be turned on to charge the rechargeable battery 106 safely. Battery 106 remains charged safely.
根据本发明的另一实施例，当平均电流IAVE大于最大充电电流IP时，为了使单位时间内的充电电流不超过最大充电电流IP，因此第二开关108的导通周期比DON为如公式2所 示：According to another embodiment of the present invention, when the average current IAVE is greater than the maximum charging current IP, in order to prevent the charging current per unit time from exceeding the maximum charging current IP, the conduction period ratio DON of the second switch 108 is as follows: Formula 2 Shown:
Figure PCTCN2022105615-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022105615-appb-000002
换句话说，当平均电流IAVE大于最大充电电流IP时，第二开关108在第一时间T1内仅可导通导通周期比DON(即，T1×DON)，其余时间内(即，T1×(1-DON))第二开关108为不导通，使得可充电电池106的平均充电电流不超过最大充电电流IP。In other words, when the average current IAVE is greater than the maximum charging current IP, the second switch 108 can only be turned on during the first time T1 with a conduction period ratio DON (ie, T1 × DON), and the remaining time (ie, T1 × (1-DON)) The second switch 108 is non-conductive, so that the average charging current of the rechargeable battery 106 does not exceed the maximum charging current IP.
图5为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置操作于第二模式的示意图。如图5所示，当控制器115判断电子装置500的燃料电压VFC大于电池电压VBAT且电池电压VBAT超过临限电压时，代表可充电电池106具有足够电量，控制器115为操作于第二模式而产生驱动信号SC，且驱动电路114根据驱动信号SC而将第一开关103以及继电器112导通，且不导通第二开关108。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device operating in a second mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5 , when the controller 115 determines that the fuel voltage VFC of the electronic device 500 is greater than the battery voltage VBAT and the battery voltage VBAT exceeds the threshold voltage, it means that the rechargeable battery 106 has sufficient power, and the controller 115 operates in the second mode. The driving signal SC is generated, and the driving circuit 114 turns on the first switch 103 and the relay 112 according to the driving signal SC, and turns off the second switch 108 .
当驱动电路114不导通第二开关108时，燃料电池101的燃料电压VFC直接对负载LOAD进行供电，且可充电电池106可通过第二开关108的外加二极管D2而对负载LOAD供电。由于第二开关108为不导通，因此燃料电池101不对可充电电池106进行充电。When the driving circuit 114 does not turn on the second switch 108, the fuel voltage VFC of the fuel cell 101 directly supplies power to the load LOAD, and the rechargeable battery 106 can supply power to the load LOAD through the external diode D2 of the second switch 108. Since the second switch 108 is non-conductive, the fuel cell 101 does not charge the rechargeable battery 106 .
图6为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置操作于第三模式的示意图。如图6所示，当控制器115判断电子装置600之燃料电压VFC小于电池电压VBAT时，控制器115为操作于第三模式而产生驱动信号SC，且驱动电路114根据驱动信号SC而将继电器112导通，且不导通第一开关103以及第二开关108。因此，可充电电池106的电池电压VBAT为通过第二开关108的外加二极管D2而对负载LOAD进行供电。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device operating in a third mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6 , when the controller 115 determines that the fuel voltage VFC of the electronic device 600 is less than the battery voltage VBAT, the controller 115 generates the driving signal SC to operate in the third mode, and the driving circuit 114 switches the relay according to the driving signal SC. 112 is turned on, and the first switch 103 and the second switch 108 are not turned on. Therefore, the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 supplies power to the load LOAD through the external diode D2 of the second switch 108 .
图7为本发明的一实施例所述的电子装置操作于第四模式的示意图。如图7所示，当控制器115判断电子装置700的燃料电压VFC等于电池电压VBAT时，控制器115为操作于第四模式而产生驱动信号SC，且驱动电路114根据驱动信号SC而将第一开关103以及继电器112导通，且不导通第二开关108。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device operating in a fourth mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7 , when the controller 115 determines that the fuel voltage VFC of the electronic device 700 is equal to the battery voltage VBAT, the controller 115 generates the driving signal SC to operate in the fourth mode, and the driving circuit 114 switches the third driving signal SC according to the driving signal SC. The first switch 103 and the relay 112 are turned on, and the second switch 108 is turned off.
由于第一开关103为导通，因此燃料电池101的燃料电压VFC为对负载LOAD进行供电。并且，可充电电池106的电池电压VBAT为通过第二开关108的外加二极管D2而对负载LOAD进行供电。Since the first switch 103 is turned on, the fuel voltage VFC of the fuel cell 101 supplies power to the load LOAD. Furthermore, the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 supplies power to the load LOAD through the external diode D2 of the second switch 108 .
图8为本发明的一实施例所述的电压检测电路的电路图。如图8所示，电压检测电路800包括第一电阻RA以及第二电阻RB，其中电压检测电路800利用第一电阻RA以及第二电阻RB将待测电压VX分压而产生电压检测信号VS，并且将电压检测信号VS提供至控制器115。FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8 , the voltage detection circuit 800 includes a first resistor RA and a second resistor RB. The voltage detection circuit 800 uses the first resistor RA and the second resistor RB to divide the voltage VX to be measured to generate a voltage detection signal VS. And the voltage detection signal VS is provided to the controller 115 .
根据本发明的一实施例，电压检测电路800为对应图1的第一电压检测电路104，用以 检测燃料电池101的燃料电压VFC而产生第一电压检测信号VS1。根据本发明的另一实施例，电压检测电路800为对应图1的第二电压检测电路110，用以检测可充电电池106的电池电压VBAT而产生第二电压检测信号VS2。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the voltage detection circuit 800 corresponds to the first voltage detection circuit 104 of Figure 1 and is used to detect the fuel voltage VFC of the fuel cell 101 to generate the first voltage detection signal VS1. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the voltage detection circuit 800 corresponds to the second voltage detection circuit 110 of FIG. 1 and is used to detect the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 to generate the second voltage detection signal VS2.
图9为本发明的一实施例所述的温度检测电路的电路图。如图9所示，温度检测电路900包括热敏电阻RT、第三电阻RC以及第一电容C1。热敏电阻RT为耦接于供应电压VDD以及第二节点N2之间，第三电阻RC为耦接于第二节点N2以及接地端之间，电容为耦接于第二节点N2以及接地端之间。根据本发明的一实施例，热敏电阻RT具有负温度系数。换句话说，热敏电阻RT的电阻值为随着温度上升而降低。FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a temperature detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9 , the temperature detection circuit 900 includes a thermistor RT, a third resistor RC, and a first capacitor C1. The thermistor RT is coupled between the supply voltage VDD and the second node N2, the third resistor RC is coupled between the second node N2 and the ground terminal, and the capacitor is coupled between the second node N2 and the ground terminal. between. According to an embodiment of the invention, the thermistor RT has a negative temperature coefficient. In other words, the resistance value of the thermistor RT decreases as the temperature increases.
根据本发明的一实施例，由于热敏电阻RT的电阻值为随着温度而改变，加上供应电压VDD为由热敏电阻RT以及第三电阻RC分压而于第二节点N2产生温度检测信号TS，因此控制器115根据温度检测信号TS的电压值，可推得环境温度。根据本发明的一实施例，供应电压VDD为由图1的周边电源116所提供。根据本发明的一实施例，第一电容C1为用以稳定温度检测信号TS的电压值。According to an embodiment of the present invention, since the resistance value of the thermistor RT changes with temperature, and the supply voltage VDD is divided by the thermistor RT and the third resistor RC, a temperature detection is generated at the second node N2 signal TS, so the controller 115 can estimate the ambient temperature based on the voltage value of the temperature detection signal TS. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the supply voltage VDD is provided by the peripheral power supply 116 of FIG. 1 . According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first capacitor C1 is used to stabilize the voltage value of the temperature detection signal TS.
根据本发明的一实施例，温度检测电路900为对应图1之第一温度检测电路105，用以检测第一开关103的温度而产生第一温度检测信号TS1。根据本发明的另一实施例，温度检测电路900为对应图1的第二温度检测电路111，用以检测可充电电池106的温度。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature detection circuit 900 corresponds to the first temperature detection circuit 105 in FIG. 1 and is used to detect the temperature of the first switch 103 to generate the first temperature detection signal TS1. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the temperature detection circuit 900 corresponds to the second temperature detection circuit 111 of FIG. 1 and is used to detect the temperature of the rechargeable battery 106 .
图10为本发明的一实施例所述的保护方法的流程图。以下针对图10保护方法1000的描述，将搭配图1的电子装置100，以便于详细说明。Figure 10 is a flow chart of a protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The following description of the protection method 1000 in FIG. 10 will be combined with the electronic device 100 in FIG. 1 to facilitate detailed explanation.
首先，控制器115根据第一电压检测电路104所产生的第一电压检测信号VS1，判断燃料电压VFC是否超过第一临限电压(步骤S1010)。当判断燃料电压VFC超过第一临限电压时，控制器115利用驱动信号SC，控制驱动电路114将第一开关103不导通(步骤S1020)。First, the controller 115 determines whether the fuel voltage VFC exceeds the first threshold voltage based on the first voltage detection signal VS1 generated by the first voltage detection circuit 104 (step S1010). When it is determined that the fuel voltage VFC exceeds the first threshold voltage, the controller 115 uses the drive signal SC to control the drive circuit 114 to turn off the first switch 103 (step S1020).
根据本发明的一实施例，当燃料电压VFC超过第一临限电压时，过高的燃料电压VFC可能会烧毁负载LOAD及/或可充电电池106，为了保护负载LOAD以及可充电电池106，必须先利用第一开关103将燃料电池101断开。According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the fuel voltage VFC exceeds the first threshold voltage, the excessive fuel voltage VFC may burn the load LOAD and/or the rechargeable battery 106. In order to protect the load LOAD and the rechargeable battery 106, it is necessary to First, use the first switch 103 to disconnect the fuel cell 101 .
回到步骤S1010，当判断燃料电压VFC并未超过第一临限电压时，控制器115根据第二电压检测电路110所产生的第二电压检测信号VS2，判断可充电电池106的电池电压VBAT是否超过第二临限电压(步骤S1030)。当判断电池电压VBAT超过第二临限电压时，控制器115利用驱动信号SC，控制驱动电路114将第二开关108不导通(步骤S1040)。Returning to step S1010, when it is determined that the fuel voltage VFC does not exceed the first threshold voltage, the controller 115 determines whether the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 is based on the second voltage detection signal VS2 generated by the second voltage detection circuit 110. exceeds the second threshold voltage (step S1030). When it is determined that the battery voltage VBAT exceeds the second threshold voltage, the controller 115 uses the driving signal SC to control the driving circuit 114 to turn off the second switch 108 (step S1040).
根据本发明的一实施例，当电池电压VBAT超过第二临限电压时，代表可充电电池106为已充满电或接近充满电，为了保护可充电电池106，不导通第二开关108以避免可充电电 池106过度充电。然而，可充电电池106依然可通过第二开关108的外加二极管(如图3所示的D2)，对负载LOAD进行供电。According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the battery voltage VBAT exceeds the second threshold voltage, it means that the rechargeable battery 106 is fully charged or nearly fully charged. In order to protect the rechargeable battery 106, the second switch 108 is not turned on to avoid Rechargeable battery 106 is overcharged. However, the rechargeable battery 106 can still supply power to the load LOAD through the external diode of the second switch 108 (D2 as shown in FIG. 3).
回到步骤S1030，当判断电池电压VBAT并未超过第二临限电压时，控制器115根据第二温度检测电路111所产生的第二温度检测信号TS2，判断可充电电池106的温度是否超过第一温度(步骤S1050)。当判断可充电电池106的温度超过第一温度时，控制器115利用驱动信号SC，控制驱动电路114将第一开关106、第二开关108以及继电器112皆不导通(步骤S1060)。Returning to step S1030, when it is determined that the battery voltage VBAT does not exceed the second threshold voltage, the controller 115 determines whether the temperature of the rechargeable battery 106 exceeds the second threshold voltage according to the second temperature detection signal TS2 generated by the second temperature detection circuit 111. a temperature (step S1050). When it is determined that the temperature of the rechargeable battery 106 exceeds the first temperature, the controller 115 uses the drive signal SC to control the drive circuit 114 to disable the first switch 106 , the second switch 108 and the relay 112 (step S1060 ).
当判断可充电电池106的温度并未超过第一温度时，控制器115根据第一温度检测电路105所产生的第一温度检测信号TS1，判断第一开关103的温度是否超过第二温度(步骤S1070)。当判断第一开关103的温度超过第二温度时，控制器115利用驱动信号SC，控制驱动电路114将第一开关106、第二开关108以及继电器112皆不导通(步骤S1060)。When it is determined that the temperature of the rechargeable battery 106 does not exceed the first temperature, the controller 115 determines whether the temperature of the first switch 103 exceeds the second temperature according to the first temperature detection signal TS1 generated by the first temperature detection circuit 105 (step S1070). When it is determined that the temperature of the first switch 103 exceeds the second temperature, the controller 115 uses the drive signal SC to control the drive circuit 114 to disable the first switch 106, the second switch 108 and the relay 112 (step S1060).
当判断第一开关103的温度并未超过第二温度时，控制器115结束保护方法1000。根据本发明的一些实施例，控制器115每隔既定时间就会执行保护方法1000，以确保电子装置100运作正常。When it is determined that the temperature of the first switch 103 does not exceed the second temperature, the controller 115 ends the protection method 1000 . According to some embodiments of the present invention, the controller 115 executes the protection method 1000 at predetermined intervals to ensure that the electronic device 100 operates normally.
根据本发明的一实施例，由于高温会降低可充电电池106的寿命，并且高温往往来自于可充电电池106运作不正常，因此当可充电电池106的温度超过第一温度时，停止对负载LOAD供电以免发生危险。根据本发明的一实施例，由于第一开关106为电子装置100中运作较长时间的组件，为了保护第一开关106，因此须持续监控第一开关106的温度，以防第一开关106因高温而损坏。According to an embodiment of the present invention, since high temperature will reduce the life of the rechargeable battery 106, and the high temperature often comes from the abnormal operation of the rechargeable battery 106, when the temperature of the rechargeable battery 106 exceeds the first temperature, the load LOAD is stopped. supply power to avoid danger. According to an embodiment of the present invention, since the first switch 106 is a component that operates for a long time in the electronic device 100, in order to protect the first switch 106, the temperature of the first switch 106 must be continuously monitored to prevent the first switch 106 from damaged by high temperatures.
图11为本发明的一实施例所述的电量计算方法的流程图。以下针对图11电量计算方法1100的叙述，将搭配图1的电子装置100，以利详细说明。Figure 11 is a flow chart of a power calculation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The following description of the power calculation method 1100 in FIG. 11 will be combined with the electronic device 100 in FIG. 1 to facilitate detailed explanation.
首先，当电子装置100完成初始化且继电器112为不导通时，控制器115根据第二电压检测电路110所产生的第二电压检测信号VS2，判断可充电电池106的电池电压VBAT，并且根据电池电压VBAT，利用开路电压法计算可充电电池106的电量状态(步骤S1110)。First, when the electronic device 100 completes initialization and the relay 112 is non-conductive, the controller 115 determines the battery voltage VBAT of the rechargeable battery 106 based on the second voltage detection signal VS2 generated by the second voltage detection circuit 110, and determines the battery voltage VBAT according to the battery Voltage VBAT, the state of charge of the rechargeable battery 106 is calculated using the open circuit voltage method (step S1110).
根据本发明的一实施例，控制器115存有一个查找表。当控制器115在继电器112不导通时取得电池电压VBAT后，控制器115于查找表查找对应电池电压VBAT的电量，并以查找到的电量做为可充电电池106的电量，其中不同种类的可充电电池106对应不同的查找表。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller 115 stores a lookup table. When the controller 115 obtains the battery voltage VBAT when the relay 112 is non-conductive, the controller 115 searches the lookup table for the power corresponding to the battery voltage VBAT, and uses the found power as the power of the rechargeable battery 106. Different types of Rechargeable battery 106 corresponds to different lookup tables.
接着，控制器115根据第一电流检测器109所产生的第一电流检测信号IS1，判断电池电流IBAT是否超过第一电流(步骤S1120)。根据本发明的一实施例，电池电流IBAT为代表可充电电池106的充电电流以及放电电流。Next, the controller 115 determines whether the battery current IBAT exceeds the first current according to the first current detection signal IS1 generated by the first current detector 109 (step S1120). According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery current IBAT represents the charging current and discharging current of the rechargeable battery 106 .
当判断电池电流IBAT不超过第一电流且持续超过第一既定时间(步骤S1130)时，控制器115再次利用开路电压法计算可充电电池106的电量状态(步骤S1110)。根据本发明的一些实施例，第一既定时间为30分钟。When it is determined that the battery current IBAT does not exceed the first current and continues to exceed the first predetermined time (step S1130), the controller 115 uses the open circuit voltage method again to calculate the state of charge of the rechargeable battery 106 (step S1110). According to some embodiments of the invention, the first predetermined time is 30 minutes.
当判断电池电流IBAT为超过第一电流时，控制器115利用安培小时法计算电量(步骤S1140)。根据本发明的一些实施例，第一电流为1安培。根据本发明的一些实施例，控制器115为利用开路电压法取得可充电电池106的电量的初始值，当电池电流IBAT足够大(即，可充电电池106的充电电流及/或放电电流超过第一电流)时，控制器115利用开路电压法取得的电量的初始值，利用安培小时法计算可充电电池106经充电及/或放电后的电量。When it is determined that the battery current IBAT exceeds the first current, the controller 115 calculates the electric quantity using the ampere-hour method (step S1140). According to some embodiments of the invention, the first current is 1 amp. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the controller 115 uses an open circuit voltage method to obtain an initial value of the power of the rechargeable battery 106. When the battery current IBAT is large enough (that is, the charging current and/or the discharging current of the rechargeable battery 106 exceeds the (current), the controller 115 uses the open circuit voltage method to obtain the initial value of the power, and uses the ampere-hour method to calculate the power of the rechargeable battery 106 after charging and/or discharging.
本发明在此提出了结合燃料电池以及可充电电池，可充电电池可弥补燃料电池的电流驱动能力不足的问题，燃料电池也可持续补充可充电电池电量，以提升续航力。本发明还提出保护方法以及电量计算方法，有助于确保燃料电池结合可充电电池能够正常运作，并且能够为使用者提供有关可充电电池的可靠的电量信息，以提升用户体验。The present invention proposes a combination of a fuel cell and a rechargeable battery. The rechargeable battery can make up for the insufficient current driving capability of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell can also continuously supplement the rechargeable battery's power to improve endurance. The present invention also proposes a protection method and a power calculation method, which help ensure that the fuel cell combined with the rechargeable battery can operate normally, and can provide users with reliable power information about the rechargeable battery to improve user experience.
虽然本发明所公开的实施例及其优点已公开如上，但应该了解的是，本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的发明精神和保护范围内，当可作改动、替代与加工。此外，本发明的保护范围并未局限于说明书内所述特定实施例中的处理过程、机器、制造、物质组成、装置、方法及步骤，本领域技术人员可从本发明的一些实施例的所公开的内容中理解现行或未来所发展出的制作过程、机器、制造、物质组成、装置、方法及步骤，只要可以在此处所述实施例中实施大抵相同功能或获得大抵相同结果都可根据本发明所公开的一些实施例使用。因此，本发明的保护范围包括上述制作过程、机器、制造、物质组成、装置、方法及步骤。另外，每一个保护范围都可构成个别的实施例，且本发明的保护范围也包括各个技术方案的保护范围及实施例的组合。Although the disclosed embodiments and advantages of the present invention have been disclosed above, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can make changes, substitutions and processes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the processes, machines, manufacturing, material compositions, devices, methods and steps in the specific embodiments described in the specification. Those skilled in the art can learn from all the details of some embodiments of the present invention. It is understood from the disclosed content that any manufacturing process, machine, manufacturing, material composition, device, method and step currently or developed in the future can be used as long as it can perform substantially the same functions or obtain substantially the same results in the embodiments described here. Some embodiments disclosed herein use. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention includes the above-mentioned manufacturing process, machine, manufacturing, material composition, device, method and step. In addition, each protection scope may constitute an individual embodiment, and the protection scope of the present invention also includes the combination of the protection scope and embodiments of each technical solution.
在此说明书中，本发明已参照其特定的实施例作了描述。但是，很显然仍可以作出各种修改和变换而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此，说明书和附图应被认为是说明性的而非限制性的。In this specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. However, it is apparent that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电子装置，其特征在于，包括：An electronic device, characterized by including:
    燃料电池，用于提供燃料电压；Fuel cells to provide fuel voltage;
    第一开关，用于根据第一控制信号，将所述的燃料电压供应至第一节点；a first switch configured to supply the fuel voltage to the first node according to the first control signal;
    可充电电池，用于提供电池电压；Rechargeable batteries to provide battery voltage;
    第二开关，与所述的第一节点相耦接，其中所述的第二开关根据第二控制信号，利用所述的燃料电压对所述的可充电电池进行充电；以及a second switch coupled to the first node, wherein the second switch uses the fuel voltage to charge the rechargeable battery according to the second control signal; and
    继电器，根据第三控制信号，将所述的第一节点的电压供应至负载处。The relay supplies the voltage of the first node to the load according to the third control signal.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其特征在于，还包括：The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising:
    单向导通组件，耦接于所述的燃料电池以及所述的第一开关之间，用以将所述的燃料电压单方向地供应至所述的第一开关处。A one-way conduction component is coupled between the fuel cell and the first switch, and is used to supply the fuel voltage to the first switch in one direction.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电子装置，其特征在于，所述的单向导通组件包括：The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the one-way conduction component includes:
    二极管，包括阳极端以及阴极端，其中所述的阳极端耦接至所述的燃料电池，所述的阴极端耦接至所述的第一开关。A diode includes an anode terminal and a cathode terminal, wherein the anode terminal is coupled to the fuel cell, and the cathode terminal is coupled to the first switch.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电子装置，其特征在于，所述的二极管为萧特基二极管。The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the diode is a Schottky diode.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其特征在于，所述的第一开关为金属氧化半导体。The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the first switch is a metal oxide semiconductor.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其特征在于，所述的第二开关为绝缘闸极双极性晶体管。The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the second switch is an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其特征在于，还包括：The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising:
    第一电流检测器，耦接于所述的第二开关以及所述的可充电电池之间，用以检测所述的可充电电池的电池电流而产生第一电流信号；以及A first current detector coupled between the second switch and the rechargeable battery for detecting the battery current of the rechargeable battery to generate a first current signal; and
    第二电流检测器，耦接于所述的第一节点以及所述的继电器之间，用以检测流至所述的负载的负载电流而产生第二电流信号。A second current detector is coupled between the first node and the relay, and is used for detecting the load current flowing to the load to generate a second current signal.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电子装置，其特征在于，所述的第一电流检测器以及所述的第二电流检测器均为霍尔检测器。The electronic device according to claim 7, wherein the first current detector and the second current detector are Hall detectors.
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电子装置，其特征在于，还包括：The electronic device according to claim 7, further comprising:
    第一电压检测电路，用以检测所述的燃料电压而产生第一电压检测信号；以及A first voltage detection circuit for detecting the fuel voltage to generate a first voltage detection signal; and
    第二电压检测电路，用以检测所述的电池电压而产生第二电压检测信号。The second voltage detection circuit is used to detect the battery voltage and generate a second voltage detection signal.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电子装置，其特征在于，还包括：The electronic device according to claim 9, further comprising:
    驱动电路，根据驱动信号，产生所述的第一控制信号、所述的第二控制信号以及所述的第三控制信号；以及The driving circuit generates the first control signal, the second control signal and the third control signal according to the driving signal; and
    控制器，根据所述的第一电流信号、所述的第二电流信号、所述的第一电压检测信号以及所述的第二电压检测信号，而产生所述的驱动信号。The controller generates the driving signal according to the first current signal, the second current signal, the first voltage detection signal and the second voltage detection signal.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电子装置，其特征在于，还包括：The electronic device according to claim 10, further comprising:
    周边电源，用以对所述的第一电压检测电路、所述的第二电压检测电路、所述的第一电流检测器、所述的第二电流检测器、所述的驱动电路以及所述的控制器进行供电。Peripheral power supply, used to power the first voltage detection circuit, the second voltage detection circuit, the first current detector, the second current detector, the drive circuit and the controller for power supply.
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的电子装置，其特征在于，所述的可充电电池为由多数个锂电池单元所组成，其中所述的电子装置还包括：The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the rechargeable battery is composed of a plurality of lithium battery cells, and the electronic device further includes:
    保护电路，用以维持各个所述的锂电池单元的电压不大于第二临限电压。A protection circuit is used to maintain the voltage of each lithium battery unit not greater than the second threshold voltage.
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电子装置，其特征在于，所述的保护电路还包括：The electronic device according to claim 12, characterized in that the protection circuit further includes:
    第一温度检测电路，用以检测所述的第一开关的温度，而产生第一温度检测信号，其中所述的第一温度检测电路将所述的第一温度检测信号提供至所述的控制器。A first temperature detection circuit is used to detect the temperature of the first switch and generate a first temperature detection signal, wherein the first temperature detection circuit provides the first temperature detection signal to the control device.
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电子装置，其特征在于，当所述的控制器根据所述的第一温度检测信号判断所述的第一开关的温度超过第一温度时，所述的驱动电路不导通所述的第一开关、所述的第二开关以及所述的继电器。The electronic device according to claim 13, wherein when the controller determines that the temperature of the first switch exceeds the first temperature according to the first temperature detection signal, the driving circuit does not The first switch, the second switch and the relay are turned on.
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电子装置，其特征在于，所述的保护电路还包括：The electronic device according to claim 13, characterized in that the protection circuit further includes:
    第二温度检测电路，用以检测所述的可充电电池的温度，而产生第二温度检测信号，其中所述的温度检测电路将所述的第二温度检测信号提供至所述的控制器。The second temperature detection circuit is used to detect the temperature of the rechargeable battery and generate a second temperature detection signal, wherein the temperature detection circuit provides the second temperature detection signal to the controller.
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电子装置，其特征在于，当所述的控制器根据所述的第二温度检测信号判断所述的可充电电池的温度超过第二温度时，所述的驱动电路不导通所述的第一开关、所述的第二开关以及所述的继电器。The electronic device according to claim 15, wherein when the controller determines that the temperature of the rechargeable battery exceeds the second temperature according to the second temperature detection signal, the driving circuit does not The first switch, the second switch and the relay are turned on.
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的电子装置，其特征在于，所述的第一温度检测电路以及所述的第二温度检测电路还包括：The electronic device according to claim 14, wherein the first temperature detection circuit and the second temperature detection circuit further include:
    负温度系数电阻，耦接于供应电压以及第二节点之间；a negative temperature coefficient resistor coupled between the supply voltage and the second node;
    第一电阻，耦接于所述的第二节点以及接地端之间；以及A first resistor coupled between the second node and the ground terminal; and
    第一电容，耦接于所述的第二节点以及所述的接地端之间，其中所述的温度检测信号为用于产生所述的第二节点。A first capacitor is coupled between the second node and the ground terminal, wherein the temperature detection signal is used to generate the second node.
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电子装置，其特征在于，所述的周边电源为提供所述的供应电压。The electronic device according to claim 17, wherein the peripheral power supply provides the supply voltage.
  19. 根据权利要求10所述的电子装置，其特征在于，当所述的控制器根据所述的第一电压检测信号判断所述的燃料电压超过第一临限电压时，所述的驱动电路不导通所述的第一开关。The electronic device according to claim 10, characterized in that when the controller determines that the fuel voltage exceeds a first threshold voltage according to the first voltage detection signal, the driving circuit does not conduct Turn on the first switch.
  20. 根据权利要求10所述的电子装置，其特征在于，当所述的控制器根据所述的第二电压检测信号判断所述的电池电压超过第二临限电压时，所述的驱动电路不导通所述的第二开关。The electronic device according to claim 10, characterized in that when the controller determines that the battery voltage exceeds a second threshold voltage according to the second voltage detection signal, the driving circuit does not conduct Turn on the second switch.
PCT/CN2022/105615 2022-07-14 2022-07-14 Power supply system and control method therefor WO2024011478A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004166404A (en) * 2002-11-13 2004-06-10 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Solar battery power supply device
CN1627589A (en) * 2003-12-10 2005-06-15 亚太燃料电池科技股份有限公司 Double cell electrical energy management device for electric apparatus containing fuel cells
US20060166045A1 (en) * 2003-04-24 2006-07-27 Gs Yuasa Corporation Fuel cell system and method for detecting running out of fuel in fuel cell
CN208947124U (en) * 2018-04-26 2019-06-07 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 Electric power supply system of fuel cell for unmanned plane

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004166404A (en) * 2002-11-13 2004-06-10 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Solar battery power supply device
US20060166045A1 (en) * 2003-04-24 2006-07-27 Gs Yuasa Corporation Fuel cell system and method for detecting running out of fuel in fuel cell
CN1627589A (en) * 2003-12-10 2005-06-15 亚太燃料电池科技股份有限公司 Double cell electrical energy management device for electric apparatus containing fuel cells
CN208947124U (en) * 2018-04-26 2019-06-07 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 Electric power supply system of fuel cell for unmanned plane

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