WO2024008990A1 - Utilisation de matériau composite comme tissu ou organe artificiel pour tester le rendement d'un appareil de diagnostic par ultrasons - Google Patents

Utilisation de matériau composite comme tissu ou organe artificiel pour tester le rendement d'un appareil de diagnostic par ultrasons Download PDF

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WO2024008990A1
WO2024008990A1 PCT/ES2023/070433 ES2023070433W WO2024008990A1 WO 2024008990 A1 WO2024008990 A1 WO 2024008990A1 ES 2023070433 W ES2023070433 W ES 2023070433W WO 2024008990 A1 WO2024008990 A1 WO 2024008990A1
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ranging
mrayl
composite material
powder
micronized
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Tomás GÓMEZ-ÁLVAREZ ARENAS
Vicente GENOVES GÓMEZ
Luis DÍEZ BLANCO
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Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic)
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating the diagnostic device
    • A61B8/587—Calibration phantoms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating the diagnostic device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/286—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for scanning or photography techniques, e.g. X-rays, ultrasonics

Definitions

  • composite material as an artificial tissue or organ to test the performance of an ultrasound diagnostic device
  • the invention relates to the use of a composite material, comprising a polymer matrix and micronized rubber powder, preferably obtained from recycled used tires, as an artificial human tissue or organ to test the performance of an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus.
  • the present invention is of interest to the field of medicine and the waste management sector.
  • Phantoms are necessary to develop and test (new) ultrasound techniques, both for diagnostic imaging and treatment and for the training of specialists, calibration of equipment, etc.
  • the phantoms currently available do not faithfully reproduce the ultrasonic properties of human tissues or organs or do not replicate the geometry, shape, or texture of these tissues or organs, which are responsible for much of the noise of background in an ultrasound (A. Cafarell i, A. Verbeni, A. Poliziani, P. Dario, A. Menciassi and L. Ricotti, "Tuning acoustic and mechanical properties of materials for ultrasound phantoms and smart substrates for cell cultures", Acta Biomater., vol. 49, pages 368-378, 2017).
  • the problem that the present invention must solve is to provide a composite material for use as an artificial human tissue or organ, with a reduced cost, stable and easy to shape/mold to replicate complex anatomical structures and facilitate the achievement of advances in therapeutic strategies. and ultrasound diagnostics.
  • n is the exponent in the power law that describes the variation of the attenuation coefficient with frequency.
  • ultrasonic properties (ultrasound velocity, acoustic impedance and attenuation coefficient) determine the main characteristics observed in an ultrasound:
  • the key material property is the Young's modulus of the fabric.
  • Tissue Young's modulus values range from 0.5 kPa-1 kPa (for brain) to 0.1 MPa-1 MPa (for tendons).
  • most tissues fat, muscle, spleen, pancreas, tongue, etc. fall within the range between 1 kPa and 10 kPa.
  • Bone has a much higher value of Young's modulus: 15-25 GPa.
  • the composite material of the present invention faithfully reproduces the ultrasonic properties of human tissues or organs.
  • the selection of the polymer matrix and the micronized rubber powder in the composite material is key to precisely adjust the ultrasonic parameters of the artificial tissues or organs to be reproduced.
  • the first aspect of the invention refers to a use of a composite material comprising
  • micronized rubber powder wherein said micronized rubber powder has a particle size of between 10 pm and 100 pm
  • a polymer matrix selected from an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a silicone rubber, a silicone gel or a polyvinyl alcohol gel, wherein the volume fraction of the micronized rubber powder ranges between 1% and 35% in the composite material that serves as artificial human tissue or organ to test the performance of an ultrasound diagnostic device.
  • the term "artificial human tissue or organ for testing the performance of an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus or phantom” refers to fat, breast, brain, kidney, muscle, liver, to the connective tissue, the lens of the eye, a tendon, the skin and cartilage.
  • the micronized rubber powder of the composite material has the following ultrasonic properties:
  • the composite material comprises micronized rubber powder obtained from recycled used tires (ELT).
  • ELT recycled used tires
  • Tires are complexly designed products made from a variety of components: rubbers, fillers and various additives, as well as steel and textile fibers.
  • the composite material comprises micronized rubber obtained from recycled used tires (ELT) and has a particle size between 10 pm and 100 pm, which is produced by cryogenic milling.
  • micronized rubber obtained from recycled used tires is advantageous to properly manage these post-consumer products and to recover and reuse their valuable components.
  • Recovering rubber from recycled used tires and micronized up to 100 pm by cryogenic grinding implies a reduction in the use of fundamental raw materials for the manufacture of artificial organs and tissues (and, consequently, a reduction in costs) and a contribution to the reduction of waste and sustainable waste management.
  • the composite material of the present invention is stable and easy to prepare industrially.
  • the components are mixed using a mixer. high-speed orbital and then heal.
  • the main important circumstance here is degassing before the addition of each component.
  • Current techniques available for forming and molding resins can be used to replicate the texture and morphology of real human tissues or organs.
  • the polymer matrix of the composite is selected from an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a silicone rubber, a silicone gel or a polyvinyl alcohol gel.
  • epoxy resin is selected as the polymer matrix, said epoxy resin has the following ultrasonic properties:
  • a polyurethane is selected as the polymer matrix, said polyurethane can be rigid or soft.
  • rigid polyurethane refers herein to polyurethanes with a Young's modulus greater than 100 MPa and the term “soft polyurethane” refers to polyurethanes with a Young's modulus less than 100 MPa.
  • a rigid polyurethane (a polyurethane with a Young's modulus E greater than 100 MPa) is selected as the polymer matrix, said rigid polyurethane has the following ultrasonic properties:
  • the variation of the attenuation coefficient with the frequency of said soft polyurethane follows a power law, where the exponent ranges between 0.9 and 2.5.
  • silicone rubber or a silicone gel is selected as the polymer matrix, said silicone rubber or a silicone gel has the following ultrasonic properties:
  • polyvindic alcohol gel has the following ultrasonic properties:
  • Another preferred embodiment of the invention refers to the use of a composite material comprising • a polymer matrix selected from an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a silicone rubber, a silicone gel or a polyvindic alcohol gel, and
  • Spatial variations of the concentration of the micronized polymer powder in the polymer matrix can be used to simulate local tissue variations and realistically reflect the characteristics present in the tissue, whether normal or pathological.
  • the composite material comprises
  • micronized rubber powder wherein said micronized rubber powder has a particle size of between 10 pm and 100 pm
  • a polymer matrix selected from an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a silicone rubber, a silicone gel or a polyvinyl alcohol gel,
  • the composite material comprises
  • micronized rubber powder wherein said micronized rubber powder has a particle size of between 10 pm and 100 pm
  • a polymeric matrix selected from an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a silicone rubber, a silicone gel or a polyvindic alcohol gel,
  • a plurality of hollow glass microspheres or a plurality of hollow polymer microspheres preferably of sizes between 10 pm and 100 pm, wherein the volume fraction of said micronized rubber powder ranges between 1% and 35% in the material composite, and where said microspheres are in a volume fraction of between 0.1% and 20% in the composite material.
  • the composite material comprises
  • micronized rubber powder wherein said micronized rubber powder has a particle size of between 10 pm and 100 pm
  • a polymeric matrix selected from an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, a silicone rubber, a silicone gel or a polyvinyl alcohol gel,
  • alumina powder • alumina powder, zirconium powder, frown powder or a combination thereof, preferably in sizes of 2 pm and 20 pm, and
  • a plurality of hollow glass microspheres or a plurality of hollow polymer microspheres preferably of sizes between 10 pm and 100 pm, wherein the volume fraction of said micronized rubber powder ranges between 1% and 35% in the material composite, wherein said alumina powder, zirconium powder, brow powder or a combination thereof is found in a percentage by weight of between 0.1% and 20% in the composite material, and wherein said microspheres are in a volume fraction of between 0.1% and 20% in the composite material.
  • Figure 1 Configuration measured by water immersion and ultrasonic transmission
  • Figure 7 Impedance and attenuation coefficient at 3 MHz of soft polyurethane composites loaded with micronized rubber powder versus volume fraction of micronized rubber powder. Experimental data points. Values calculated on solid lines with upper and lower limits of Hashin-Shthkman and coherent potential approximation (CPA).
  • micronized rubber obtained from recycled used tires (MicroDyne 75-TR powder, provided by Lehigh Technologies).
  • the composite materials were manufactured by simultaneously mixing the components and degassing the mixture using a high-speed orbital mixer (Hauschild DAC Speed Mixer 150 FVZ).
  • component A of the resin is mixed with the micronized rubber powder and degassed.
  • component B of the resin is added, in the proportion indicated by the manufacturer, and the mixture is mixed and degassed again.
  • the sample is briefly mixed by hand and pressed by hand (in the case of highly charged compounds), visually checked to ensure that everything is well mixed, and then mixed again in the orbital mixer following the same protocol.
  • the samples are cured for 24 hours at 25 °C in a cylindrical mold (30 mm diameter), then demolded and post-cured for 1 h at 80 °C. When the samples cool, they are polished with an automatic polisher to achieve uniform, flat and parallel surfaces, so that it is possible to obtain the density and accurately measure the ultrasonic properties.
  • a rubber sheet was also produced by pressure molding the rubber powder from used tires (ELT) at 160 °C and 200 bar for 30 minutes. This process encourages the synthesis of rubber powder particles and the creation of interactions between them to provide sufficient mechanical stability to be able to manipulate the rubber sheet thus obtained.
  • EHT used tires
  • Disc samples (30 mm diameter) of the raw materials were prepared to further measure the ultrasonic properties of the raw materials.
  • the mass fraction of each component used in compound (i) is defined as: These mass fraction data along with the density of each component ( ⁇ ) are used to calculate the volume fraction of each component:
  • the nominal density of the final compound (Pcomp) is calculated - This nominal density is compared with the actual density (p comp ) of the manufactured sample obtained from the size and mass of the sample to obtain the density deviation.
  • This parameter provides information about the precision of the manufacturing process and can reveal inaccuracies in the weighing of components, the possibility that the components have not been completely mixed, the partial loss of some of them, or the presence of air caught.
  • the composition, sample thickness and density deviation of the fabricated composite are listed in Table 3. The volume fraction ranges from a negligible rubber loading ( ⁇ 1%), to the maximum rubber loading achievable with the media. manufacturing available ( ⁇ 35%).
  • Table 3 Composition, sample thickness and density deviation of epoxy resin composites loaded with micronized rubber powder.
  • Ultrasonic measurements were performed in a water immersion configuration in “transmission” mode as described in Figure 1.
  • the configuration comprises the following elements: a push-button receiver (JSR Ultrasonics, model DPR300, not shown), a oscilloscope (Tektronix, DPO5054, not shown), (1) a pair of broadband water immersion transducers centered at 3.5 MHz, one for transmission, the other for receiving the material response, which allowed studying the frequency range 1.5-6 MHz, (Olympus V383-SU 3.5 MHz). (5) A custom-made tank (45 x 45 x 1 10 mm 3 PMMA), with (4) two opposing holes and an O-ring, where the transducers (1) are installed.
  • the tank (5) is filled with distilled water (2), where the sample (3) is immersed.
  • Two connected orthogonal goniometers function as sample holders (6) and allow precise control of the angle of incidence.
  • a first series of measurements was carried out at normal incidence since the main interest of this work focuses on the impedance, speed and attenuation coefficient of longitudinal waves in the proposed compounds.
  • the sample (3) It was mounted on a double goniometer (6) that allowed it to be placed in both normal incidence and oblique incidence with a precise determination of the angle of incidence.
  • the procedure was the same: the acquired signals were transferred to a MATLAB, where an FFT was applied to the received signal to obtain the magnitude and phase spectra of the transmission coefficient. From these measurements, the ultrasound velocity and attenuation coefficient were obtained. Since the ultrasound velocity is fairly constant, an average value is given for the frequency range of 1-5 MHz. Additionally, the variation of the attenuation coefficient with frequency is quantified using a power law equation. The attenuation coefficient (c) changes with frequency (f). A power law, which is regularly used in the field of ultrasound, is used to describe this variation:
  • the velocity is obtained directly from the ultrasonic measurements and the impedance is obtained from the velocity x density of the product, where the density is obtained from the measurement of the mass of the sample and the volume following the equation:
  • V ??-r 2 -t Eq. 9 assuming that the sample has an ideal cylindrical shape, where r is the radius of the sample and t is the thickness.
  • the density of the sample of a composite material (p CO mp) can be obtained from the density of its components i ( ⁇ ) and its volumetric concentration ( ⁇ ) (Eq. 2), the agreement between the measured density and The calculated one can be used to verify the correct mixture of the components and the absence of trapped air.
  • Figure 2 shows the attenuation curves of the raw materials and Table 4 summarizes the ultrasonic properties of the raw materials: epoxy resin (Ep-00) and micronized rubber powder (Rb-00). The main exception is the micronized rubber powder sample, where a significant decrease in velocity with frequency was observed. Table 4. Ultrasonic properties and Young's modulus of raw materials: epoxy resin (Ep-00) and micronized rubber powder (Rb-00)
  • the density measured with a pycnometer was 1147 kg/m 3 . Density is calculated from measurements of weight and size (diameter and thickness of the disc)
  • Table 5 summarizes the ultrasonic properties obtained from the epoxy resin composite samples loaded with micronized rubber powder.
  • Figure 3 shows the measurements of the attenuation coefficient and the variation with frequency.
  • Table 6 summarizes the Young's modulus of epoxy resin composites loaded with micronized rubber powder.
  • the epoxy resin compounds loaded with micronized rubber powder prepared in this example 1 have the following ultrasonic properties:
  • the compressibility modulus (K com p) and stiffness (G CO mp) of the composite are given as follows: where the subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the two components and v is the volume fraction, K 2 > Ki and G2 > G1 and the superscripts L and U represent the upper and lower limits of the Hashin-Shtrikman model.
  • L is the exact solution for the phase "one” material matrix composite in which the spherical inclusions of phase "two” material are distributed in a specific way.
  • U is the exact solution for the matrix of phase "two” material in which the spherical inclusions of phase "one” material are distributed in a particular way.
  • the coherent potential approximation (CPA) model is based on dispersion theory. This model predicts the compressibility modulus (K CO mp) and stiffness (G CO mp) of two-phase compounds, assuming that the inclusions are spherical, the wavelengths are much longer than the size of the inclusions, and the effects of multiple scattering are negligible: where the subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the matrix and inclusions, respectively, and v is the volume fraction.
  • the complex wave number for longitudinal and shear waves is defined from the angular frequency (o) and the attenuation coefficient (a L >s ) where the subscripts L and S indicate the longitudinal and shear waves, respectively. Therefore, the complex wave speed ( v ⁇ s ) is given as follows:
  • Figure 4 shows the impedance and attenuation coefficient at 3 MHz of the epoxy resin composites loaded with micronized rubber powder versus the volume fraction of the micronized rubber powder.
  • Experimental data points Values calculated on solid lines with upper and lower limits of Hashin-Shtrikman and coherent potential approximation (CPA).
  • Example 1 The results obtained in Example 1 show that it is possible to apply different models, specifically the Hashin-Shtrikman model and the coherent potential approximation model, to calculate the properties of composite samples if the properties of the raw materials are known. This facilitates the application of the proposed method since the composition of the composite material to achieve a certain set of properties can be determined theoretically and then verified experimentally, so there is no need to produce a large set of samples with different proportions of materials and measure their properties to determine those that are closest to the tissue that is going to be replicated by the phantom.
  • different models specifically the Hashin-Shtrikman model and the coherent potential approximation model
  • micronized rubber powder of silicone rubbers The main problem with the combination of micronized rubber powder of silicone rubbers and ETL is that, in some cases, the micronized rubber powder inhibits the curing of the silicone rubber. In this document, the amount of powder Micronized rubber in the composite material is kept below a certain threshold to avoid this problem.
  • the micronized rubber powder used in this example 2 is the same as that used in example 1.
  • the micronized rubber powder loading was kept below 2% and a silicone rubber purchased from Smooth-On under the trade name: Ecoflex 00-50 was used. This is a platinum catalyzed silicone rubber without additional component.
  • the method of manufacturing the compounds consists of mixing by hand the micronized rubber powder and part A of the silicone rubber, once a homogeneous mixture is obtained, part B of the silicone rubber is added and mixed again by hand for 5 minutes. The mixture is then placed in a vacuum chamber (-27 in Hg) for 3 minutes to remove any trapped gas. The mixture is poured into a cylindrical silicone mold to produce the disc-shaped samples with 40 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness.
  • Table 7 Composition of silicone rubber compounds loaded with micronized rubber powder.
  • Example 2 The same procedure as Example 1 was followed to measure the ultrasonic properties of the two types of composite samples at normal incidence. Since the speed of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave in silicone rubber is lower than in water, it is not possible to reach the limiting angle, so the shear wave cannot be measured, as in the previous case. Therefore, a bioindenter was used to measure G and E directly.
  • the MACH 1 Biomomentum equipment was used in indentation mode. The tip displacement was set to 1 mm with a speed of 0.1 mm/s. A spherical indenter with a diameter of 3.2 mm was used.
  • Table 8 shows the ultrasonic properties and Young's modulus of the raw materials: SR-R-00 silicone rubber (RS-AMIDATA 409-5721) and SR2-R-00 silicone rubber (Smooth-On Ecoflex 00-50 ).
  • Table 9 and Table 10 show the ultrasonic properties and Young's modulus of SR-R silicone rubber compounds loaded with micronized rubber powder (RS-AMIDATA 409-5721) and SR2-silicone rubber compounds. R loaded with micronized rubber powder (Smooth-On Ecoflex 00-50), respectively.
  • the composite materials prepared in this example 2 have the following ultrasonic properties:
  • Figure 5 shows the impedance and attenuation coefficient at 3 MHz of high-density SR-R silicone rubber composites loaded with micronized rubber powder versus the volume fraction of micronized rubber powder.
  • Experimental data points Values calculated on solid lines with upper and lower limits of Hashin-Shtrikman and coherent potential approximation (CPA).
  • ultrasonic data obtained experimentally from the measurement of samples of discs made of compounds of other raw materials (other polymeric matrices) were used, through transmission in immersion in water in the frequency range of 1 -5 MHz, to calculate the ultrasonic properties of the resulting composite properties using the Hashin-Shtrikman and coherent potential approximation models tested in Examples 1 and 2.
  • Figure 6 shows the impedance and attenuation coefficient at 3 MHz of the low-density epoxy resin composites loaded with micronized rubber powder versus the volume fraction of the micronized rubber powder.
  • Experimental data points Values calculated on solid lines with upper and lower limits of Hashin-Shtrikman and coherent potential approximation (CPA).
  • low-density epoxy resin (with a density ranging between 850 kg/m 3 and 1000 kg/m 3 ) can be obtained as a result of modifying its chemical composition or by adding glass microspheres.
  • the effective density of said glass microsphere additive ranges between 0.1 and 0.6 g/cc, therefore, and as an example, a 20% volume fraction of 0.3 gg/cc of glass bubbles in the Epoxy resin will produce a compound with a density of 980 kg/m 3 .
  • Micronized rubber powder loaded with low density epoxy resin compounds comprises
  • micronized rubber powder in a volume fraction between 1% and 35%, where the micronized rubber powder has a particle size between 10 pm and 100, has the following ultrasonic properties:
  • Figure 7 shows the impedance and attenuation coefficient at 3 MHz of the soft polyurethane composites loaded with micronized rubber powder versus the volume fraction of the micronized rubber powder.
  • Experimental data points Values calculated on solid lines with upper and lower limits of Hashin-Shtrikman and coherent potential approximation (CPA).
  • Soft polyurethane compounds loaded with micronized rubber powder comprising
  • micronized rubber powder in a volume fraction between 1% and 35%, where the micronized rubber powder has a particle size between 10 pm and 100 have the following ultrasonic properties:
  • Figure 8 shows the impedance and attenuation coefficient at 3 MHz of low-density polyurethane composites loaded with micronized rubber powder versus the volume fraction of micronized rubber powder.
  • Experimental data points Values calculated on solid lines with upper and lower limits of Hashin-Shtrikman and coherent potential approximation (CPA).
  • the micronized rubber powder in a volume fraction between 1% and 35%, where the micronized rubber powder has a particle size between 10 pm and 100 have the following ultrasonic properties: • a longitudinal ultrasound speed ranging between 1450 m/s and 1700 m/s,
  • Figure 9 shows the impedance and attenuation coefficient at 3 MHz of the PVA composites loaded with micronized rubber powder versus the volume fraction of the micronized rubber powder.
  • Experimental data points Values calculated on solid lines with upper and lower limits of Hashin-Shtrikman and coherent potential approximation (CPA).
  • the composite material (see Figure 9) comprising
  • micronized rubber powder in a volume fraction between 1% and 35%, where the micronized rubber powder has a particle size between 10 pm and 100, has the following ultrasonic properties:
  • the following table 11 summarizes the compounds that can replicate the ultrasonic properties of human tissues or organs.
  • Table 11 Compounds that can replicate the ultrasonic properties of human tissues or organs.
  • E Epoxy matrix compound
  • LE Low density epoxy matrix compound
  • SP Soft polyurethane matrix compound
  • LSP Low density soft polyurethane matrix compound
  • HSR High density silicone rubber matrix compound
  • PVA poly(vindic alcohol) gel matrix compound.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation d'un matériau composite qui comprend une matrice polymère et de la poudre de caoutchouc micronisée, obtenue de préférence à partir de pneumatiques usagés recyclés, comme tissu ou organe humain artificiel pour tester le rendement d'un appareil de diagnostic par ultrasons. La présente invention présente un intérêt pour le domaine de la médecine et le secteur de la gestion des déchets.
PCT/ES2023/070433 2022-07-05 2023-07-05 Utilisation de matériau composite comme tissu ou organe artificiel pour tester le rendement d'un appareil de diagnostic par ultrasons WO2024008990A1 (fr)

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ES202230610A ES2958163A1 (es) 2022-07-05 2022-07-05 Uso de material compuesto como tejido u órgano artificial para probar el rendimiento de un aparato de diagnóstico por ultrasonido
ESP202230610 2022-07-05

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JP7343109B2 (ja) * 2019-03-29 2023-09-12 国立大学法人東北大学 超音波ガイド法の穿刺手技訓練用皮膚モデルおよび超音波ガイド法の穿刺手技訓練用皮膚モデルのエコー画像における針先の視認性調整方法

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