WO2024008927A1 - Compositions d'asphalte comprenant du digestat - Google Patents

Compositions d'asphalte comprenant du digestat Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024008927A1
WO2024008927A1 PCT/EP2023/068857 EP2023068857W WO2024008927A1 WO 2024008927 A1 WO2024008927 A1 WO 2024008927A1 EP 2023068857 W EP2023068857 W EP 2023068857W WO 2024008927 A1 WO2024008927 A1 WO 2024008927A1
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Prior art keywords
asphalt
digestate
composition
bitumen
filler
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PCT/EP2023/068857
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English (en)
Inventor
Kit Haubjerg MOGENSEN
Anna Granly HANSEN
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Renescience A/S
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Publication of WO2024008927A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024008927A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
    • B09B3/65—Anaerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/26—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch

Definitions

  • the present disclosure provides an asphalt composition comprising digestate.
  • the digestate may be obtained from waste treatment processes wherein waste is subjected to enzymatic and/or microbial treatment followed by anaerobic digestion of the bioliquid fraction obtained from the treatment process.
  • the digestate may also be obtained from anaerobic digestion of other biomasses than bioliquid, e.g., sewage sludge and food waste.
  • AD Anaerobic digestion
  • One of the end products is biogas, which can be combusted to generate electricity and heat, or can be processed into renewable natural gas and transportation fuels.
  • a range of AD technologies exists in the state of the art for converting waste or fractions hereof, such as municipal solid waste, municipal wastewater solids, food waste, high strength industrial wastewater and residuals, fats, oils and grease, and various other organic waste streams into biogas.
  • waste or fractions hereof such as municipal solid waste, municipal wastewater solids, food waste, high strength industrial wastewater and residuals, fats, oils and grease, and various other organic waste streams into biogas.
  • primary outputs such as gas and fuel
  • AD processes also produce digestate.
  • Digestate is thus a by-product of an anaerobic digestion process and can be used for different purposes such as fertilizer or feed for pyrolysis, but otherwise needs to be deposed of in a safely manner.
  • the composition of the digestate depend to some extend of the substrate subjected to anaerobic digestion but composes mainly of ash, carbohydrates, and protein.
  • LOI loss of ignition
  • the LOI value is a measure of the amount of organic material lost at a given high temperature.
  • the LOI value is considered to correlate to the amount of organic material lost at a given high temperature, Santisteban et al., Journal of Paleolimnology, 32(3), 2014.
  • the organic material as measured by LOI in digestate obtained from AD e.g., of waste compositions comprising organic matter typically comprises biodegradable and non-biodegradable compounds such as plastics and lignin, that is because LOI measure volatile solids and not all the measured volatile solids are biodegradable and origins from living material.
  • LOI measure volatile solids and not all the measured volatile solids are biodegradable and origins from living material.
  • most of the volatile solids measured by LOI are organic and biodegradable and therefore LOI correlates well with the amount of organic material in a composition.
  • the typical LOI value of digestate is between 20-80% but may be lower or higher depending on the biomass subjected to AD process.
  • digestate may be obtained from anaerobic digestion of different substrates and the digestate by-product will to some extend reflect the substrate digested and thus digestate from waste will comprise components of waste.
  • Digestate are sometimes landfilled and used as fertilizer.
  • digestate from waste may preferably be sent for land restoration.
  • digestate is currently not recycled and the potential resources of the by-product rarely exploited in full.
  • the digestate may be incorporated in construction materials WO19158477A1 (Renescience A/S) as well as in asphalt compositions W020002153A1 (Renescience A/S).
  • none of these applications disclose an asphalt composition comprising digestate wherein the digestate has a high to moderate amount of organic material content, such as at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30 % or at least 40% organic material defined as LO c.
  • Reusing asphalt is both economically and environment friendly way of making new asphalt roads.
  • incorporating digestate in asphalt compositions comprising Reused Asphalt Pavement (RAP) would be beneficial.
  • Another environmentally friendly way of making asphalt is the so-called foam technique or cold mix, where the asphalt is made by mixing the components at low temperature and therefore saving the energy for heating the materials. It would also be beneficial to incorporate digestate in asphalt compositions, which are made by cold or foam mixing techniques.
  • the present invention relates to asphalt compositions comprising digestate with moderate to high organic material, which in the present context corresponds to at least 15%, such as at least 20%, such as at least 30%, such as at least 40% LOIgso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744- 1 :2009.
  • the amount of organic material is high compared to the asphalt components which it replaces i.e. , the fine aggregates, filler and/or aggregates.
  • One aspect relates to an asphalt according to the invention composition, comprising 1.5-20 wt%, 2- 20 wt% digestate, such as 5-20 wt%, 10-20 wt%, 15-20 wt%, 5-15 wt%, 5-10 wt%, preferably 1- 8 wt%, 1.5-8 wt%, 2-8 wt%, preferably 1.5 wt% -8 wt%, 3-8 wt%, or 4-8 wt% by weight of the total composition.
  • One aspect relates to an asphalt according to the invention comprising 1.5 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 % or such as at least 60 %.
  • One aspect relates to an asphalt according to the invention, comprising 1-10 wt% bitumen, such as at least 2-10 wt%, such as at least 3-10 wt%, such as at least 4-10 wt%, such as at least 5-10 wt%, such as at least 6-10 wt%, such as at least 7-10 wt%, such as at least 8-10 wt%, such as at least 2- 8 wt%, such as at least 3 - 7wt% such as at least 4-6 wt% bitumen, preferably 5-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition.
  • 1-10 wt% bitumen such as at least 2-10 wt%, such as at least 3-10 wt%, such as at least 4-10 wt%, such as at least 5-10 wt%, such as at least 6-10 wt%, such as at least 7-10 wt%, such as at least 8-10 wt%, such as at least 2- 8 wt%
  • One aspect relates to an asphalt according to the invention, wherein the filler particles comprise digestate with a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15% in a ratio of 1 :1 of limestone filler or of reclaimed filler.
  • Figure 1 diagram showing the shear stress modules (G*) [Pa] against the angular frequency [rad/sec] of master curves for fresh and aged samples of 70/100 bitumen asphalt composition.
  • Figure 2 diagram showing the shear stress modules (G*) [Pa] against the angular frequency [rad/sec] of master curves for fresh and aged samples of 40/60 bitumen asphalt composition.
  • Figure 3 diagram showing the phase shift angle (p) [°] against the angular frequency [rad/sec] of master curves for fresh and aged samples of 70/100 bitumen asphalt composition.
  • LOI organics
  • this measurement includes synthetic matter made by chemical reactions that do not involve life, e.g., carbonates depending on temperature used, plastic etc. that are usually not biodegradable. Even so LOI correlates well with the amount of organic matter in a composition as most of the volatile solids measured by LOI are organic.
  • coarse aggregate Larger aggregate sizes with D less than or equal to 45 mm and d greater than or equal to 2 mm is designated coarse aggregate (EN 13043:2002). Aggregate sizes with D less than or equal to 2 mm and containing particles which mostly are retained on a 0.063 mm sieve are designated fine aggregate. Filler aggregate is the aggregate, most of which passes a 0.063 mm sieve, which can be added to construction materials to provide certain properties.
  • Anaerobic Digestion refers to the biological processes in which microorganisms such as archaea break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen.
  • One of the end products may be biogas, which can e.g., be combusted to generate electricity and/or heat.
  • Biogas can also be used, either directly or after upgrading, as renewable natural gas and/or transportation fuels. Biogas can be injected into a natural gas and/or biogas grid.
  • “Digestate”, sometimes called, and used interchangeably with “anaerobic digestate”, “AD digestate” or “solid digestate” is the residual output from an anaerobic digestion (AD).
  • the digestate has alkaline pH and comprises mainly water, but also suspended solids and dissolved matter such as salts which may include both inorganic salts and organic salts. It is the material remaining after anaerobic digestion of a biodegradable feedstock such as bioliquid from an enzymatic and/or microbial treatment of waste or other substrates suitable for anaerobic digestion.
  • the digestate may advantageously be dewatered by separation means, such as filters, sedimentation tanks or the like into “dewatered digestate” or solid digestate and "reject water”.
  • the hydrolysis can be carried out as a batch process or series of batch processes.
  • the hydrolysis can be carried out as a fed batch or continuous process, or series of fed batch or continuous processes, where the waste, such as municipal solid waste material is fed gradually to, for example, a hydrolysis solution comprising an enzyme composition.
  • the hydrolysis may be continuous hydrolysis in which a waste material, such as municipal solid waste (MSW), and an enzyme composition are added at different intervals throughout the hydrolysis and the hydrolysate is removed at different intervals throughout the hydrolysis. The removal of the hydrolysate may occur prior to, simultaneously with, or after the addition of the cellulosic material and the cellulolytic enzymes composition.
  • MSW Municipal solid waste
  • MSW may be any combination of one or more of cellulosic, plant, animal, plastic, metal, or glass waste including, but not limited to, any one or more of the following: Garbage collected in normal municipal collections systems, optionally processed in a central sorting, shredding or pulping device, such as e.g., a Dewaster® or a reCulture®; solid waste sorted from households, including both organic fractions and paper rich fractions;
  • Municipal solid waste in the Western part of the world normally comprise one or more of: animal food waste, vegetable food waste, newsprints, magazines, advertisements, books and phonebooks, office paper, other clean paper, paper and carton containers, other cardboard, milk cartons and alike, juice cartons and other carton with alu-foil, kitchen tissues, other dirty paper, other dirty cardboard, soft plastic, plastic bottles, other hard plastic, non-recyclable plastic, yard waste, flowers etc., animals and excrements, diapers and tampons, cotton sticks etc., other cotton etc., wood, textiles, shoes
  • Stiffness modulus is a parameter expressing the relationship between stress and strain when submitting a linear viscoelastic material to a sinusoidal load wave. Stiffness modulus can be determined according to EN 12697-26:2012.
  • Unsorted waste refers to waste that is not substantially sorted into separate fractions such that organic material is not substantially separated from plastic and/or other inorganic material, notwithstanding removal of some large objects or metal objects and not withstanding some separation of plastic and/or other inorganic material may have taken place.
  • Waste comprises, sorted and unsorted MSW, agriculture waste, hospital waste, industrial waste, e.g., waste fractions derived from industry such as restaurant industry, food processing industry, general industry; waste fractions from paper industry; waste fractions from recycling facilities; waste fractions from food or feed industry; waste fraction from the medicinal or pharmaceutical industry; waste fractions from hospitals and clinics, waste fractions derived from agriculture or farming related sectors; waste fractions from processing of sugar or starch rich products; contaminated or in other ways spoiled agriculture products such as grain, potatoes and beets not exploitable for food or feed purposes; or garden refuse.
  • waste fractions derived from industry such as restaurant industry, food processing industry, general industry
  • waste fractions from paper industry waste fractions from recycling facilities
  • waste fractions from food or feed industry waste fraction from the medicinal or pharmaceutical industry
  • waste fractions from hospitals and clinics waste fractions derived from agriculture or farming related sectors
  • waste fractions from processing of sugar or starch rich products contaminated or in other ways spoiled agriculture products such as grain, potatoes and beets not exploitable
  • digestate is to formulate it into asphalt, such as described in W020002153A1 (Renescience A/S), which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the digestate may act as a filler or fine aggregate replacement and when mixed with bitumen the glue-like substance binds the digestate in the composition, thereby making it less exposed to the environment.
  • adding digestate to asphalt compositions is only feasible if the quality of the asphalt composition will not be compromised. This may be a concern with regards to digestate as it comprises a high amount of organic material, compared to the material it replaces, as organic material is prone to oxidation and may cause the asphalt composition to degrade during long-term usage.
  • Asphalt compositions comprising digestate having at least 15%, such as at least 20%, such as at least 30%, such as at least 40% LOI 95o°c may even result in an asphalt which are superior to asphalt without digestate, e.g., by making the asphalt less prone to cracking and fracturing as well as making the asphalt softer and more flexible.
  • the effect of the adding digestate with high organic content compared to conventional asphalt material resulted in an asphalt composition which was not inferior and was in some cases even improved compared to conventional asphalt compositions not comprising digestate.
  • one embodiment of the present invention provides in a first aspect an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising, a) 1-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, b) 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and c) 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides in an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising, a) 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, b) 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and c) 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides in an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising, a) 2-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, b) 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and c) 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention provides in an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising, a) 5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, b) 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and c) 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • the asphalt composition comprises 1-20 wt% digestate, such as 1.5-20 wt%, 2-20 wt%, 5-20 wt%, 10-20 wt%, 15-20 wt%, 5-15 wt%, 5-10 wt%, preferably 2-8 wt%, preferably 3-8 wt%, or 4-8 wt% by weight of the total composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of least 15%, such as least at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 % or such as at least 60 %.
  • the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of least 15%, such as least at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35
  • the digestate of the invention is a by-product from an AD process.
  • the digestate is a byproduct from an AD process performed on a substrate resulting from treatment of waste, such as bioliquid.
  • waste such as bioliquid.
  • the bioliquid is obtained when liquifying waste e.g., by use of enzymes and/ microorganisms.
  • the liquified waste is an excellent substrate for an AD process as the sugars are more accessible for the microorganisms in the AD process, compared to e.g., a wheat substrate.
  • the main product of the AD process is biogas, and green energy derived therefrom. There is a huge need in the world for green energy and solutions which lower the CO2 emissions.
  • fuel such as bioethanol and green energy such as biogas are preferred alternatives to fossil fuels and natural gas.
  • some byproducts are produced, hereunder digestate, which are not easily recycled and thus end up being disposed, without harvesting any potential these by-products may have.
  • the digestate used in the asphalt composition of the invention are preferably derived from a waste treatment process, where waste is liquified to produce bioliquid, which is subsequently subjected to an AD process producing biogas and digestate.
  • the digestate is usually dewatered to produce solid digestate, in the present application, also termed digestate, and in one aspect of the invention the digestate is dried to at least 70 % dry matter (DM), such as at least 75% dry matter, such as at least 80% dry matter, such as at least 85% dry matter, such as at least 90% dry matter, such as at least 95% dry matter.
  • DM dry matter
  • Digestate is usually dewatered by separation means such as filters, sedimentation tanks, filter presses, screw presses, decanters (with or without polymers and/out other chemicals such as flocculants) or the like into “dewatered digestate” and "reject water”.
  • separation means such as filters, sedimentation tanks, filter presses, screw presses, decanters (with or without polymers and/out other chemicals such as flocculants) or the like into “dewatered digestate” and "reject water”.
  • the digestate is dried in an oven at 105 °C until constant mass to obtain at least 90 wt % dry matter digestate.
  • digestate comprises mainly water, wherein the digestate from the AD has a total solid content of about 4-8 percent and after the dewatering the digestate has a total solid content of 25- 45 percent by weight, the rest being water.
  • the digestate comprises non-biodegradable and biodegradable organics, suspended solids and dissolved matter such as dissociated salts and has alkaline pH value.
  • Reject water is defined as the liquid fraction obtained after one or more solid-liquid separations of the AD digestate.
  • the standard of digestate produced by AD process can be assessed at least on three criteria, chemical, biological and physical aspects. Chemical quality needs to be considered in terms of inorganic contaminants, persistent organic compounds, and the content of macro-elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
  • the physical standards of composts and by-products such as digestate include mainly appearance and odour factors. Whilst physical contamination does not generally present a problem with regards to human, plant or animal health, contamination (in the form of plastics, metals, and ceramics) can cause a negative public perception. There is, currently, a public debate regarding both micro and visible plastics ending in natural resources and being eaten by animals or getting entangled, which may cause health problems. Also, sharp materials (such as glass or metals) are considered an issue when used in nature (for fertiliser or land restoration applications) due to the risk of cutting. Even if the compost and end products such as digestate is of high quality and all standards are met, a negative public perception of waste-based composts still exists. The presence of visible contaminants, such as plastic fragments, reminds users of this.
  • Digestate comprises mostly ash and biodegradable organic materials such as carbohydrates and proteins together with non-biodegradable organic materials such as plastic, lignin, and derivatives thereof, the biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic materials are hereinafter referred to as “organic materials” or “organic matter”.
  • the digestate comprises at least 5% organic material of dry matter digestate, such as at least 10% organic matter, such as at least 15% organic matter, such as at least 20% organic matter, such as at least 25% organic matter, such as at least 30% organic matter, such as at least 35% organic matter, such as at least 40% organic matter, such as at least 45% organic matter, such as at least 50% organic matter, preferably the organic material content of the digestate is at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, preferably at least 20% or preferably at least 30%.
  • the organic material is estimated as volatile solids by LO c according to EN 15935:2021.
  • one embodiment of the invention relates to an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt % or 1.5-20 wt % digestate, having a LOhso-con dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15 % of dry matter.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt % digestate, having a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15 %, such as at least 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 %, such as at least 60 %, preferably at least 15 %, preferably at least 20 %, preferably at least 30 %, or even more preferably at least 40 %.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising 2-20 wt % digestate, having a LOhso-con dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, such as at least 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 %, such as at least 60 %, preferably at least 15 %, preferably at least 20 %, preferably at least 30 %, or even more preferably at least 40 %.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising 5-20 wt % digestate, having a LOhso-con dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, such as at least 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 %, such as at least 60 %, preferably at least 15 %, preferably at least 20 %, preferably at least 30 %, or even more preferably at least 40 %.
  • the volatile solids in digestate comprises mostly organic material as defined above, where part of the material measured by LOIsso-c according to EN 15935:2021 or LOhso-c according to EN 1744- 1 :2009, comprises plastic or derivates and lignin, which are not biodegradable and mostly inactive and thus are less prone to induce e.g., fractioning and cracking in asphalt.
  • the major fraction of digestate is ash, which accounts for 40 to 70 wt %, such as 45 - 50 wt % of the digestate. This is the ash fraction obtained after a standard method by thermogravimetric analysis at 550°C.
  • the ash fraction may comprise carbonate and carbonate are often used as an inert filler in asphalt compositions generally.
  • the amount of carbonate may be estimated from the difference between LO c and LOIsso-c and is approximately around 10% to 50% of the ash.
  • the biodegradable organic matter fraction of the digestate comprises a protein fraction.
  • the protein fraction can for instance be estimated by determining the nitrogen content of the composition by multiplying with the Jones’ factors for a specific foodstuff.
  • the standard, default conversion factor normally applied for mixed materials is 6.25 and has been used for nearly a century to estimate the nitrogemprotein ratio. If, for example the digestate is derived from a method comprising enzymatic degradation of municipal solid waste as the initial waste source for a subsequent AD process, then the 6.25 factor would be suitable for estimating the protein content because waste normally comprises proteins from various sources.
  • a model substrate for instance comprises 41% mixed food waste of vegetable origin, 13% mixed food waste of animal origin and 46% mixed cellulosic waste.
  • the waste source is mainly from cereals
  • the Jones factors applied for cereals could be applied instead to determine the protein content of the digestate.
  • the nitrogen content corrected for ammonium nitrogen content in the digestate is found by multiplying with factor 6.25.
  • the protein fraction of the digestate as estimated from the nitrogen content corrected for ammonium nitrogen content is usually between 7 and 20 wt % by weight of the digestate, such as 10 - 17 wt % or such as 12 - 15 wt % by weight of the digestate.
  • the digestate moreover comprises a carbohydrate fraction as estimated from the monomeric carbohydrate content after degradation in sulphuric acid and is usually between 5 and 20 wt %, such as between 7 and 16 wt %, such as between 9 and 14 wt %, such as between 10 and 13 wt % by weight of the digestate.
  • the digestate may be obtained from anaerobic digestion of one or more types of waste/feed stocks selected from the group consisting of: bioliquid from household waste, sewage sludge, general food waste, industrial waste, cellulosic waste, plant waste, animal waste, animal food waste, vegetable food waste, paper and/or carton waste, textile waste, waste fractions derived from agriculture or farming related sectors, waste fractions from processing of sugar or starch rich products, contaminated or in other ways spoiled agriculture products such as grain, potatoes and beets not exploitable for food or feed purposes, garden refuse, argent feed stock such as fatty acid rich feed stock, and starch industry feed stock.
  • waste/feed stocks selected from the group consisting of: bioliquid from household waste, sewage sludge, general food waste, industrial waste, cellulosic waste, plant waste, animal waste, animal food waste, vegetable food waste, paper and/or carton waste, textile waste, waste fractions derived from agriculture or farming related sectors, waste fractions from processing of sugar or starch rich products, contaminated or in other
  • the asphalt composition further comprise filler and/or fine aggregates and aggregates.
  • filler and/or fine aggregates and aggregates.
  • the fine content should be above 3%, evaluated according to EN 933-9.
  • 100% of the particles should be 2 mm or less in size, 85 - 100% of the particles should 0.125 mm or less in size and 70 - 100% should be 0.063 mm or less in size.
  • Asphalt compositions can be specified according to national or regional standards, such as EN 13043 (BSI, 2002).
  • This standard defines aggregate as a 'granular material used in construction', and separates this into one of three types (i) natural, (ii) manufactured, (iii) recycled aggregates, described as follows: (i) natural aggregate: aggregate from mineral sources that has been subjected to nothing more than mechanical processing (e.g. crushed rock, sands and gravel, often referred to as primary aggregate); (ii) Manufactured aggregate: aggregate of mineral origin resulting from an industrial process involving thermal or other modification (e.g. blast furnace slag); and (iii) recycled aggregate: aggregate resulting from the processing of inorganic or mineral material previously used in construction (e.g. reclaimed asphalt).
  • aggregates can, as for filler, be given by the description for particle size: (i) coarse aggregate: substantially retained on a 2 mm test sieve; (ii) fine aggregate: substantially passing a 2 mm test sieve; (iii) all-in aggregate: a combination of course and fine aggregates; and (iv) filler aggregate: substantially passing a 0.063 mm test sieve, herein termed filler.
  • the asphalt composition comprises 1-20 wt % digestate, having a LOhso-con dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, preferably at least 20 %, preferably at least 30 %, or even more preferably at least 40 %, further comprises 10-95 % aggregates, with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 % filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1.5-20 wt % digestate, having a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, preferably at least 20 %, preferably at least 30 %, or even more preferably at least 40 % further comprises 10-95 % aggregates, with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 % filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 2-20 wt % digestate, having a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, preferably at least 20 %, preferably at least 30 %, or even more preferably at least 40 % further comprises 10-95 % aggregates, with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 % filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 5-20 wt % digestate, having a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, preferably at least 15 %, preferably at least 20 %, preferably at least 30 %, or even more preferably at least 40 % further comprises IQ- 95 % aggregates, with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1- 40 % filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • the asphalt composition comprises 1-20 wt % digestate, having a LOhso-con dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, wherein the composition further comprises 10-95 % aggregates, such as 10-80 %, such as 10-70 %, such as 10-60 %, such as IQ- 50 %, such as 10-40 %, such as 10-30 %, such as 10-20 %, such as 20-70 %, such as 30-70%, such as 40-70 %, such as 50-70 %, such as 60-70 %, with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-20 % filler or fine aggregates, such as 5-15 %, such as 5-10 %, such as 1-15 %, such as 1-10%, such as 1-5 % filler or fine aggregates defined by size below 2 mm.
  • 10-95 % aggregates such as 10-80 %, such as 10-70 %, such as 10-60 %, such as IQ- 50 %, such
  • bitumen glue or binder
  • bitumen glue or binder
  • bitumen and asphalt For a general overview of the state of the art concerning bitumen and asphalt, including any compositions comprising bitumen, provision of such compositions, as well as uses and applications, standards, definitions and the like, reference is e.g., made to "The Shell Bitumen Handbook, 6th edition (SHB#6; ISBN 978-0-7277-5837-8), which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • SHB#6 The Shell Bitumen Handbook, 6th edition
  • properties of produced bitumen are closely related to the crude oil sources and the refinery processes. By selecting appropriate crude oil and/or proper refinery processes, desired bitumen properties can be obtained.
  • the ratio between filler and bitumen is from 0.6 - 1.2 and the ratio between bitumen and aggregate 0.03 to 0.12.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt % digestate, having a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15 %, preferably at least 20 %, preferably at least 30 %, or even more preferably at least 40 % further comprises 1-10 % bitumen, with respect to total weight of the composition.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1.5-20 wt % digestate, having a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15 %, preferably at least 20 %, preferably at least 30 %, or even more preferably at least 40 % further comprises 5-10 % bitumen, with respect to total weight of the composition.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 5-20 wt % digestate, having a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15 %, preferably at least 20 %, preferably at least 30 %, or even more preferably at least 40 % further comprises 5-10 % bitumen, with respect to total weight of the composition.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt% digestate, having a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15 %, further comprises 1-10 % bitumen, such as at least 2-10 %, such as at least 3-10 %, such as at least 4-10 %, such as at least 5-10 %, such as at least 6-10 %, such as at least 7-10 %, such as at least 8-10 %, such as at least 2-8 %, such as at least 3 - 7% or such as at least 4-6 % bitumen, with respect to total weight of the composition.
  • 1-10 % bitumen such as at least 2-10 %, such as at least 3-10 %, such as at least 4-10 %, such as at least 5-10 %, such as at least 6-10 %, such as at least 7-10 %, such as at least 8-10 %, such as at least 2-8 %, such as at least 3 - 7% or such as at least 4-6 % bit
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1.5-20 % digestate, having a LOWc on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15 %, further comprises 1-10 % bitumen, such as at least 2-10 %, such as at least 3-10 %, such as at least 4-10 %, such as at least 5-10 %, such as at least 6-10 %, such as at least 7-10 %, such as at least 8-10 %, such as at least 2-8 %, such as at least 3 - 7% or such as at least 4-6 % bitumen, with respect to total weight of the composition.
  • 1-10 % bitumen such as at least 2-10 %, such as at least 3-10 %, such as at least 4-10 %, such as at least 5-10 %, such as at least 6-10 %, such as at least 7-10 %, such as at least 8-10 %, such as at least 2-8 %, such as at least 3 - 7% or such as at least 4-6 % bitumen,
  • Asphalt pavements are frequently described as flexible pavements, implying their ability to absorb the stresses imposed by traffic and weather without cracking.
  • the asphalt composition of the present invention is suitable for use in one or more of these courses.
  • the asphalt composition is applied in the subgrade course.
  • the asphalt composition containing digestate is incorporated in the binder course.
  • the asphalt composition containing digestate is incorporated in the surface course.
  • the asphalt composition containing digestate is incorporated in the regulating course.
  • the function of each of the courses is as follows:
  • the subgrade course is typically the natural soil, on old roads usually well compacted by traffic, on new roads carefully shaped and compacted to the appropriate level and profile. Subgrade improvement may be possible by treatment of soils with lime, cement and Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) or by adding a ‘capping course’ of lower quality aggregate.
  • GGBS Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag
  • the sub-base is the lowest course, put down to help build up the strength of the pavement. It also provides a working platform for the machinery used in laying and compacting the courses above. It is usually made from crushed stone and/or gravel.
  • the base is typically the main component of an asphalt pavement and provides most of the strength and load distributing properties of the pavement. For very lightly trafficked roads, car parks and pedestrian footways, it is usually made from graded crushed stone and/or hardcore and/or it may be crushed stone bound with a small proportion of cement (cement- bound granular base or lean-mix concrete) and other Hydraulically Bound Materials (HBMs). For most roads and areas carrying heavy vehicles, however, an asphalt base is used to provide a pavement of high strength and durability, to achieve the desired load-bearing capacity and absorb traffic loads so that the underlying subgrade is not deformed.
  • cement- bound granular base or lean-mix concrete cement- bound granular base or lean-mix concrete
  • HBMs Hydraulically Bound Materials
  • the regulating course is typically of variable thickness and is applied to an existing course or surface to provide the necessary profile for a further course of consistent thickness.
  • the binder course typically further contributes to the strength of the pavement, and at the same time provides an even, well-regulated surface to carry the uppermost course of the pavement.
  • This will be an asphalt mixture composition.
  • the surface course typically provides an even and weather-resistant surface which can withstand the abrasive forces of traffic and provide appropriate skid resistance for the particular circumstances.
  • Roads are exposed to particularly high stresses, e.g., when the water contained in the pavement structure begins to freeze. Water expands when freezing, which can lead to frost damage that will sooner or later have an impact also on the road surface. This is prevented by a so-called frost blanket which usually consists of a mixture of gravel and sand, supplemented by crushed mineral aggregate.
  • frost blanket which usually consists of a mixture of gravel and sand, supplemented by crushed mineral aggregate.
  • the asphalt mixture compositions used for base, regulating, binder and surface courses are for example mixtures of aggregate (crushed rock, slag, gravel and/or sand), a binder e.g., of petroleum bitumen and/or modified bitumen to provide particular additional properties. These components are carefully proportioned and mixed to the required specification.
  • the asphalt compositions are laid and compacted, usually whilst hot or warm, although cold laid mixtures such as foam mixtures are available.
  • the digestate may be applied in any of the above courses, depending on the desired properties.
  • the digestate is typically replacing the filler and/or fine aggregate material and/or the bitumen/binder material, which provides several direct and indirect positive benefits.
  • the direct benefits being e.g., softening and anti-aging effects and the indirect effects being e.g., reduction of CO2 footprint by replacing natural stone and gravel with a recycled by-product, produced in a process transforming e.g., waste into green energy or fuel. Or by replacing fossil material such as binder/bitumen.
  • one aspect of the present invention provides the use of the digestate according to the invention in the sub-course, binder course, regulating course and/or in the surface course of asphalt compositions.
  • the digestate is dried until constant mass before use due to the mechanical strength of the asphalt risk being compromised if course and fine aggregates and filler and other additives cannot be distributed evenly due to lumping.
  • the dewatered digestate may be used as is in cold mixes such as foam mixes.
  • the digestate was added to an asphalt surface composition and provided an impact on the softening of the asphalt surface composition by reducing the softening point temperature of the asphalt surface composition.
  • the addition of the digestate to an asphalt surface composition moreover provided an improved anti-ageing effect.
  • the addition of the digestate to an asphalt surface composition provided a rejuvenating effect to the asphalt surface composition.
  • incorporating digestate having at least 15% LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 in high to moderate concentrations in the asphalt had no negative impact on the asphalt and did not result in an asphalt, which was inferior to an asphalt without digestate.
  • the digestate comprises at least 15 wt% LO c but may comprise up to 60 wt% LOl95o°c.
  • the amount of digestate in the asphalt composition is 1.5 wt% - 20 wt% of the total asphalt composition.
  • the asphalt composition comprises 0.22 wt% - 9 wt% of the weight total asphalt composition, such as 0.5 - 8 wt%, such as 1 - 7 wt%, such as 2 - 5 wt%, such as 3 -4.5 wt%, or such as 0.22 - 3 wt%, such as 0.22 - 2.5 wt%, such as 0.22 - 2 wt% or such as 0.22 - 1 wt%, thus significantly higher amount than previously tested in asphalt compositions.
  • asphalt surface compositions comprising quite a large amount of the digestate according to the invention showed increased softening, anti-ageing and rejuvenation while upholding sufficient tensile strength.
  • the digestate is used in the sub-course, binder course, regulating course and/or in the surface course of asphalt compositions of the invention wherein 1 .5 to 20 wt% by weight of the total asphalt composition is digestate according to the invention.
  • such use include use wherein 1-20 wt %, 1.5-20 wt %, 2-20 wt %, 5-20 wt %, 10-20 wt %, 15-20 wt %, 5-15 wt %, 5-10 wt %, preferably 2-8 wt %, preferably 3-8 wt %, or 4-8 wt % by weight of the total composition in the sub-course, binder course regulating course and/or in the surface course is digestate.
  • the digestate is used in the sub-course, binder course, regulating course and/or in the surface course of the asphalt compositions of the invention, wherein 0,1-5% by weight of the total filler aggregate components in the sub-course, binder course, regulating course and/or in the surface course is digestate.
  • the digestate is used in the sub-course, binder course, regulating course and/or in the surface course of the asphalt compositions of the invention, wherein 1-70 wt%, such as 1- 60 wt%, such as 1- 50 wt%, such as 1- 40 wt%, such as 1- 30 wt%, such as 1-20 wt%, such as 2-20 wt%, preferably such as 5-20 wt% by weight of the total bitumen/binder in the subcourse, binder course, regulating course and/or in the surface course is digestate.
  • 1-70 wt% such as 1- 60 wt%, such as 1- 50 wt%, such as 1- 40 wt%, such as 1- 30 wt%, such as 1-20 wt%, such as 2-20 wt%, preferably such as 5-20 wt% by weight of the total bitumen/binder in the subcourse, binder course, regulating course and/or in the surface course is digestate.
  • the present invention provides use of digestate, having LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, for one or more of softening, anti-ageing, and rejuvenation of the sub-course, binder course, regulating course and/or the surface course of an asphalt composition.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt% digestate, having a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, such as at least 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 %, such as at least 60 %, preferably at least 15 %, preferably at least 20 %, or even more preferably at least 30 % and comprises 1-20 wt% filler or fine aggregates, such as 5-20 wt%, such as 5-15 wt%, such as 5-10 wt%, such as 1-15 wt%, such as 1-10 wt%, such as 1-5 wt% filler or fine aggregates defined by size below 2 mm, and 10-70 wt% aggregates, such as 10-60 wt%,
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising 1.5-20 % digestate, having a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, such as at least 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 %, such as at least 60 %, preferably at least 15 %, preferably at least 20 %, or even more preferably at least 30 % and comprises 1-20 wt% filler or fine aggregates, such as 5-20 wt%, such as 5-15 wt%, such as 5-10 wt%, such as 1-15 wt%, such as 1-10wt%, such as 1-5 wt% filler or fine aggregates defined by size below 2 mm, and 10-70 wt% aggregates, such as 10-60 wt%, such as 10
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising 2-20 % digestate, having a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, such as at least 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 %, such as at least 60 %, preferably at least 15 %, preferably at least 20 %, or even more preferably at least 30 % and comprises 1-20 wt% filler or fine aggregates, such as 5-20 wt%, such as 5-15 wt%, such as 5-10 wt%, such as 1-15 wt%, such as 1-10wt%, such as 1-5 wt% filler or fine aggregates defined by size below 2 mm, and 10-70 wt% aggregates, such as 10-60 wt%, such as 10
  • the lignin and plastic derivates, which together with the biodegradable organic material comprises the volatile solids which are measured as e.g., LOIsso-c and LO 1950-0 on dry matter basis according to EN 15935:2021 and EN 1744-1 :2009 respectively, and that these materials are inert and beneficial for the asphalt composition.
  • digestate is not restricted to a single asphalt application but has been tested in Asphalt Concrete (AC), both binder and surface course and in Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixtures, suggesting that the addition of digestate, having a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, can be used in any asphalt application when the recipe is optimized towards application.
  • AC Asphalt Concrete
  • SMA Stone Mastic Asphalt
  • non-dried digestate (15 ⁇ DM ⁇ 45 wt%) may be used in some asphalt applications such as cold mix and foamed asphalt mixtures where aggregates can be incorporated when wet. This would reduce the CO2 footprint of the overall process and asphalt composition even further when not utilizing energy for drying digestate and heating the asphalt composition.
  • one embodiment of the invention relates to an AC composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN13108-1 for AC mixtures, wherein the composition comprises 1-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 3-15% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to an AC composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-1 for AC mixtures, wherein the composition comprises 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO 1950-0 on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 3-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • EN 13108-1 European Standard EN 13108-1 for AC mixtures
  • the AC composition may comprise 1-20 wt% digestate, such as 1 .5-20 wt%, 2-20 wt%, 5-20 wt%, 10-20 wt%, 15-20 wt%, 5-15 wt%, 5-10 wt%, preferably 2-8 wt%, preferably 3-8 wt%, or 4-8 wt% by weight of the total composition, wherein the digestate may a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 % or such as at least 60 %.
  • the digestate may a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40
  • the AC composition may be any of, but not limited to: AC4, AC6, AC8, AC10, AC11 , AC12, AC14, AC20, AC30, AC32, ACBE, prepared according to the standard EN13108-1.
  • AC10 is an Asphalt Concrete with a nominal maximum stone size of 10 mm, AC14, which is an Asphalt Concrete with nominal maximum aggregate size in the asphalt mixture is 14 mm or AC20, which is an Asphalt Concrete with a nominal maximum stone size of 20 mm and so forth.
  • Some of the AC compositions above comprises of crushed rock (or recycled aggregates) of e.g., 10, 14 and 20 mm, wherein crushed rock (or recycled aggregates) is bound together with bitumen, which act as a binder.
  • the AC compositions with lower AC numbers e.g., 10 are suitable for low stress areas, such as cycle tracks and estate roads and vice versa with AC compositions having higher AC numbers.
  • the Asphalt Concrete composition of the invention is prepared according to the standard EN 13108-1 :2016 for AC.
  • the AC composition comprising digestate is an ACBE Asphalt Concrete, prepared according to the standard EN 13108-31.
  • the AC composition comprising digestate is prepared according to the standard EN 13108-2 for AC for Very Thin Layers (BBTM) or according to EN 13108-9 for Ultrathin layers (UTL).
  • BBTM Very Thin Layers
  • UTL Ultrathin layers
  • UTL is a hot mix asphalt road surface course laid on a bonding layer, at a nominal thickness between 10 mm and 20 mm.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 3-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm, is an AC with emulsions, prepared according to the European Standard EN 13108-31 AC with emulsions.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 3-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm, is an AC with emulsions, prepared according to the European Standard EN 13108-31 AC with emulsions.
  • This European Standard specifies requirements for plant mixtures of the mix group AC with bituminous emulsion for use on roads, and other trafficked areas (EN 13108-31).
  • the European Standards above specifies requirements for mixtures of AC compositions suitable for use on roads, airfields, and other trafficked areas.
  • the Asphalt Concrete compositions may be used in surface course, binder courses and base course.
  • the AC compositions may be mixed with 1-10 % of bitumen of 10/20, 15/25, 30/45, 40/60, 70/100, 100/150, 160/220 or250/330 penetration grade, the amount and type depending on the intended use of the asphalt composition.
  • one embodiment of the invention relates to an HRA composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-4 for HRA mixtures comprising 1-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • an HRA composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-4 for HRA mixtures comprising 1-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to an HRA composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-4 for HRA mixtures comprising 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • an HRA composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-4 for HRA mixtures comprising 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95
  • the HRA composition may comprise 1-20 wt% digestate, such as 1.5-20 wt%, 2-20 wt%, 5-20 wt%, 10-20 wt%, 15-20 wt%, 5-15 wt%, 5-10 wt%, preferably 2-8 wt%, preferably 3-8 wt%, or 4- 8 wt% by weight of the total composition, wherein the digestate may a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 % or such as at least 60 %.
  • the digestate may a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %
  • the European Standards above specifies requirements for mixtures of HRA compositions suitable for use on roads, airfields, and other trafficked areas.
  • the HRA compositions may be used in surface course, binder course and base course.
  • the HRA compositions may be mixed with 1-10 % of bitumen of 10/20, 15/25, 30/45, 40/60, 70/100, 100/150, 160/220 or 250/330 penetration grade, the amount and type depending on the intended use of the asphalt composition.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to an SMA composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-5 for SMA mixtures comprising 1 .5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • European Standard EN 13108-5 for SMA mixtures comprising 1 .5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect
  • the SMA composition may comprise 1-20 wt% digestate, such as 1.5-20 wt%, 2-20 wt%, 5-20 wt%, 10-20 wt%, 15-20 wt%, 5-15 wt%, 5-10 wt%, preferably 2-8 wt%, preferably 3-8 wt%, or 4- 8 wt% by weight of the total composition, wherein the digestate may a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 % or such as at least 60 %.
  • the digestate may a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %
  • the European Standards above specifies requirements for mixtures of SMA compositions suitable for use on roads, airfields, and other trafficked areas.
  • the SMA compositions may be used in surface course, binder course and base course.
  • the SMA compositions may be mixed with 1-10 % of bitumen of 10/20, 15/25, 30/45, 40/60, 70/100, 100/150, 160/220 or 250/330 penetration grade, the amount and type depending on the intended use of the asphalt composition.
  • one embodiment of the invention relates to an MA composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-6 for MA mixtures comprising 1-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • an MA composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-6 for MA mixtures comprising 1-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregate
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to an MA composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-6 for MA mixtures comprising 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LOIgso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744- 1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • the MA composition may comprise 1-20 wt% digestate, such as 1 .5-20 wt%, 2-20 wt%, 5-20 wt%, 10-20 wt%, 15-20 wt%, 5-15 wt%, 5-10 wt%, preferably 2-8 wt%, preferably 3-8 wt%, or 4-8 wt% by weight of the total composition, wherein the digestate may a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 % or such as at least 60 %.
  • the digestate may a LOhso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %
  • the MA composition comprising digestate is prepared according to the standard EN 13108-2 for AC for Very Thin Layers (BBTM) or according to EN 13108-9 for Ultrathin layers (UTL).
  • BBTM Very Thin Layers
  • UTL Ultrathin layers
  • UTL is a hot mix asphalt road surface course laid on a bonding layer, at a nominal thickness between 10 mm and 20 mm.
  • the European Standards above specifies requirements for mixtures of MA compositions suitable for use on roads, airfields, and other trafficked areas.
  • the MA compositions may be used in surface course, binder course and base course.
  • the MA compositions may be mixed with 1-10 wt%, such as 2-10 wt %, 3-15 wt %, such as 4-15 wt %, such as 5-15 wt %, preferably 5-10 wt % of bitumen of 10/20, 15/25, 30/45, 40/60, 70/100, 100/150, 160/220 or 250/330 penetration grade, the amount and type depending on the intended use of the asphalt composition.
  • the MA asphalt comprises 1-20 wt%, such as 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% or preferably 5-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm is prepared according to any of the two older standards EN 13108-6:2006 or EN 13108-6/AC:2008.
  • the PA composition may comprise 1-20 wt% digestate, such as 1.5-20 wt%, 2-20 wt%, 5-20 wt%, 10-20 wt%, 15-20 wt%, 5-15 wt%, 5-10 wt%, preferably 2-8 wt%, preferably 3-8 wt%, or 4-8 wt% by weight of the total composition, wherein the digestate may a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %, such as at least 45 %, such as at least 50 %, such as at least 55 % or such as at least 60 %.
  • the digestate may a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at 20 %, such as at least 25 %, such as at least 30 %, such as at least 35 %, such as at least 40 %,
  • the PA composition comprising digestate is prepared according to the standard EN 13108-2 for AC for Very Thin Layers (BBTM) or according to EN 13108-9 for Ultrathin layers (UTL).
  • BBTM Very Thin Layers
  • UTL is a hot mix asphalt road surface course laid on a bonding layer, at a nominal thickness between 10 mm and 20 mm.
  • the PA asphalt comprising 1-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm is prepared according to any of the two older standards EN 13108-7:2006 or EN 13108-7/AC:2008.
  • the PA asphalt comprising 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm is prepared according to any of the two older standards EN 13108-7:2006 or EN 13108-7/AC:2008.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to an SA composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-3 for SA mixtures comprising 1 .5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LOIgso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744- 1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt%, preferably 1-15 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm.
  • an SA composition e.g., prepared according to European Standard EN 13108-3 for SA mixtures comprising 1 .5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LOIgso-c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744- 1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt%, preferably 1-15 wt% bitumen
  • the SA composition comprising digestate is prepared according to the standard EN 13108-2 for AC for Very Thin Layers (BBTM) or according to EN 13108-9 for Ultrathin layers (UTL).
  • BBTM Very Thin Layers
  • UTL is a hot mix asphalt road surface course laid on a bonding layer as a surface later, at a nominal thickness between 20 mm and 30 mm.
  • the European Standards above specifies requirements for mixtures of SA compositions suitable for use on roads, airfields, and other trafficked areas.
  • the SA compositions may be used in surface course, binder course and base course.
  • the SA compositions may be mixed with 1-10 % of bitumen of 250/330 330/430, 500/650, 650/900, V1500, V3000 or V12000 penetration grade, the amount and type depending on the intended use of the asphalt composition.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and IQ- 95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1- 40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm is a cold mixed, produced with unheated aggregate and bitumen emulsion or foamed bitumen to produce e.g., a foamed asphalt mix.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and IQ- 95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1- 40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm is a cold mixed, produced with unheated aggregate and bitumen emulsion or foamed bitumen to produce e.g., a foamed asphalt mix.
  • Foamed mixed asphalts are typically produced by one of the following methods, which are for example described in The voice of the European Asphalt Industry - What is Asphalt? (eapa.org) which may be prepared with digestate.
  • the direct method of foaming is to inject a small, controlled amount of water to hot bitumen via foaming nozzles. This results in a large but temporary increase in the effective volume of the binder which facilitates coating at lower temperatures. Some vapor remains in the bitumen during compaction reducing effective viscosity and facilitating compaction. On cooling the binder reverts to normal, as the amount of water is insignificant. This technique can enable a temperature reduction of the asphalt mix of about 20 to 40°C.
  • An indirect foaming technique uses a mineral as the source of foaming water.
  • Hydrophilic minerals from the zeolite family are commonly used. They contain about 20 percent of crystalline water, which is released above 100 °C. This release of water creates a controlled foaming effect, which can provide an improved workability for a 6- to 7-hour period, or until the temperature drops below 100 °C.
  • the foaming results in an improved workability of the mix which can subsequently allow a decrease in the mix temperature by approximately 30° C with equivalent compaction performance.
  • a second indirect foaming technique uses the moisture on the sand (or RAP) to generate naturally created foam. It is a sequential technique. The coarse aggregate which represents about 80% of the mix design is dried/heated to 130-160° C, it is then coated by the bitumen and thereby creating a thick binder film on the coarse particles. The next stage involves the addition of the cold/wet fraction. The moisture in contact with the hot bitumen causes foaming which facilitates easy coating of the cold and wet RAP or fine aggregate.
  • This technique enables the same temperature reduction as the direct foaming through nozzles, about 20 to 40°C.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to an the asphalt composition
  • an the asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm, wherein the composition comprises Reused Asphalt Preparation (RAP) e.g., prepared according to the European Standard EN 13108-8 for RAP, wherein the RAP is incorporated in 10% or below of the total weight of composition in an MA or wherein the RAP is incorporation in 20% or below in other surface asphalt or wherein the RAP is incorporation in 50% or below in any other asphalt.
  • RAP Reused Asphalt Preparation
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to an the asphalt composition
  • an the asphalt composition comprising 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm, wherein the composition comprises Reused Asphalt Preparation (RAP) e.g., prepared according to the European Standard EN 13108-8 for RAP, wherein the RAP is incorporated in 10% or below of the total weight of composition in an MA or wherein the RAP is incorporation in 20% or below in other surface asphalt or wherein the RAP is incorporation in 50% or below in any other asphalt.
  • RAP Reused Asphalt Preparation
  • the European Standards above specifies requirements for the classification and description of reclaimed asphalt as a constituent material for asphalt mixtures.
  • This European Standard only specifies reclaimed asphalt with bituminous binders, such as: paving grade bitumen, modified bitumen or hard grade bitumen, according to EN 13108-8.
  • the RAP compositions may be mixed with a bitumen of 70/100 penetration grade or 40/60 penetration grade, depending on the intended use of the asphalt composition.
  • the asphalt compositions of the invention are in accordance with EN 13108-21 , relating to Factory Production Control and/or EN 13108-20 relating to Type Testing procedure for use in Assessment and Verification of the Constancy of Performance (AVCP), bituminous mixtures.
  • EN 13108-21 relating to Factory Production Control and/or EN 13108-20 relating to Type Testing procedure for use in Assessment and Verification of the Constancy of Performance (AVCP), bituminous mixtures.
  • the asphalt composition of the invention may be prepared at different warm temperatures.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt%, preferably 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and IQ- 95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1- 40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm may be a Half Warm Asphalt, produced between around 70 °C to around 100 °C.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to a method of producing an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising 1- 20 wt%, preferably 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1 :2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm and wherein the asphalt composition is produced between around 70 °C to around 100 °C.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt%, preferably 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1:2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and IQ- 95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1- 40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm is preferably a Warm Mix Asphalt, produced between around 100°C to around 150°C.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to a method of producing an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising 1- 20 wt%, preferably 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1:2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm and wherein the asphalt composition is produced between around 100 °C to around 150 °C.
  • the asphalt composition comprising 1-20 wt%, preferably 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1:2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and IQ- 95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1- 40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm is preferably a Hot Mix Asphalt, produced between around 120°C to around 190°C.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to a method of producing an asphalt composition
  • an asphalt composition comprising 1- 20 wt%, preferably 1.5-20 wt% digestate with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the digestate have a LO c on dry matter basis according to EN 1744-1:2009 of at least 15%, 1-10 wt% bitumen with respect to total weight of composition, and 10-95 wt% aggregates with respect to total weight of composition, wherein the aggregates comprise 1-40 wt% filler or fine aggregates, defined by size below 2 mm and wherein the asphalt composition is produced between around 120 °C to around 200 °C.
  • bitumen is a 250/330 330/430, 500/650, 650/900, V1500, V3000 or V12000 penetration grade bitumen.
  • the asphalt compositions of the invention are preferably prepared after the newest standards for mixing asphalt compositions. Any of the above compositions may be produced according to the corresponding US or any other standard applying for a relevant region.
  • the digestate can be obtained from various suitable AD substrate, i.e. , any biomass which may be subjected to AD processing.
  • suitable AD substrates include but are not limited to lignocellulosic material, such as straw, household waste, sewage sludge, manure, straw beddings containing manure, cellulosic material, such as paper and pulp, industrial waste such as cuttings from slaughterhouses or floor sweepings from dairies, residues from food or beverage industry or other materials with biogas potential.
  • the digestate is obtained from a method comprising: a) Subjecting waste to enzymatic and/or microbial treatment b) Subjecting the treated waste from step a) to one or more separation step(s) whereby a bioliquid fraction and a solid fraction is provided; and c) Subjecting the bioliquid fraction to anaerobic digestion.
  • one or more of the following steps may be performed, d) Separating the solid fraction from the liquid fraction of the digestate obtained in step c) e) Subject the digestate fraction obtained in step d) to anti-lumping treatment and/or passing digestate through 2 mm sieve, or f) Optionally subjecting the digestate obtained in e) to drying and/or milling to reduce particle size.
  • the digestate is obtained from an AD process wherein the substrate is not subjected to microbial and/or enzymatic treatment (i.e. step a) and separation (i.e. step b). Accordingly, in another preferred embodiment, the digestate is obtained from a method comprising: c) Subjecting a substrate to anaerobic digestion.
  • one or more of the following steps may be performed, d) Separating the solid fraction from the liquid fraction of the digestate obtained in step c) e) Subject the digestate fraction obtained in step d) to anti-lumping treatment and/or passing digestate through 2 mm sieve, or f) Optionally subjecting the digestate obtained in e) to drying and/or milling to reduce particle size.
  • the methods can be performed within a single waste processing plant comprising one or more bioreactors and/or one or more downstream AD reactors or the waste treatment process providing the digestate can be performed at two or more different and possibly independent waste processing and/or biogas production sites.
  • Step a, b and c in the method are commonly applied steps in waste treatment methods, and details regarding one or more of these steps have been disclosed in for example WO2014/198274, WO2013/18778, WO 2022/096406 and WO 2022/096517.
  • the enzymatic and/or microbial treatment of the waste in step a) can for instance be performed in a bioreactor.
  • the treatment is performed by optionally adding one or more enzymes and/or by the bacteria present in the waste.
  • standard, cultivated, or manipulated yeast, bacteria, or any other microorganism capable of converting the organic material present in the waste into compositions suitable for subsequent biogas production in an anaerobic digestion process may be added to the bioreactor.
  • the enzymes are supplied in either native form or in form of microbial organisms expressing the enzymes.
  • the enzymatic and/or microbial treatment in step a) may be performed by adding one or more enzymes, supplied in either native form and/or in form of microbial organisms giving rise to the expression of such enzymes; and/or by the bacteria present in the waste and/or optionally by adding standard, cultivated, or manipulated yeast, bacteria, or any other microorganism capable of converting the organic material present in the waste into organic acids or other compositions, such as lactic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HPA), 1 ,4-butanediol (BDO), butanedioic acid (succinic acid), ethane-1 ,2-diol (ethylene glycol), butanol or 1 ,2-propanediol (propylene glycol), suitable for subsequent biogas production in an anaerobic digestion process.
  • one or more enzymes supplied in either native form and/or in form of microbial organisms giving rise to the expression of such enzymes
  • the bacteria present in the waste and
  • Microorganisms that may be added to the bioreactor in step a) include yeasts, and/or fungi and/or bacteria.
  • microorganisms that may be added to the bioreactor in step a) include bacteria that can efficiently ferment hexose and pentose including but not limited to cellobiose, glucose, xylose and arabinose to short chain organic acids including but not limited to citric acid, lactic, formic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid and propionic acid as well as alcohols including but not limited to ethanol.
  • the fermenting microorganisms may have been genetically modified to provide the ability to ferment pentose sugars, such as xylose utilizing, arabinose utilizing, and xylose and arabinose co-utilizing microorganisms.
  • the fermenting organisms may comprise one or more polynucleotides encoding one or more cellulolytic enzymes, hemicellulolytic enzymes, and accessory enzymes described herein.
  • the microorganisms present in the waste or added to the bioreactor may produce fermentable sugars and organic acid or other compositions, such as lactic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HPA), 1 ,4-butanediol (BDO), butanedioic acid (succinic acid), ethane-1 ,2-diol (ethylene glycol), butanol or 1 ,2-propanediol (propylene glycol), that may be used as feed in a subsequent anaerobic digestion process.
  • organic acids or other compositions further include acetate, propionate and butyrate.
  • Substrates, such as waste that is suitable for treatment normally comprises, at least, lactic acid producing bacteria.
  • the treatment in step a) may comprise addition of cellulase activity by inoculation with one or more microorganism(s) that exhibits extracellular cellulase activity.
  • the waste may also be treated with an enzyme composition wherein the enzymes are added to the waste independently from the enzymes present within the microorganisms already present or added to the waste.
  • Suitable enzyme compositions are well known in the art and are commercially available.
  • Suitable enzyme blends are cellulolytic background composition (CBC) comprising a commercial cellulolytic enzyme preparation.
  • CBC cellulolytic background composition
  • Examples of commercial cellulolytic enzyme preparations suitable for use in the method according to the present invention include but is not limited to, for example, CELLIC® CTec (Novozymes A/S), CELLIC® CTec2 (Novozymes A/S), CELLIC® CTec3 (Novozymes A/S), CELLUCLAST® (Novozymes A/S), NOVOZYMTM 188 (Novozymes A/S), SPEZYMETM CP (Genencor Int.), ACCELLERASETM TRIO (DuPont), FILTRASE® NL (DSM); METHAPLUS® S/L 100 (DSM), ROHAMENTTM 7069 W (Rohm GmbH), or ALTERNAFUEL® CMAX3TM (Dyadic International, Inc.).
  • Suitable blends include but are not limited to the commercially available enzyme compositions Cellulase PLUS, Xylanase PLUS, BrewZyme LP, FibreZyme G200 and NCE BG PLUS from Dyadic International (Jupiter, FL, USA) or Optimash BG from Genencor (Rochester, NY, USA).
  • suitable CBCs comprises enzymatic activity in accordance with the activity of ACCELLERASE® TRIOTM (Genencor Int.), Cellic CTec2 (Novozymes A/S) or Cellic CTec3 (Novozymes A/S) or Cellic CTec3 (Novozymes A/S).
  • the enzymatic treatment of the biodegradable parts of the substrate may be performed at a temperature above 20°C and up to 75°C resulting in liquefaction and/or saccharification of biodegradable parts of the waste and accumulation of sugars and other soluble degradation products.
  • Waste e.g., MSW
  • Other substrates may have different dry matter (DM) content such as 3 to 30% for manure.
  • the pH in the bioreactor should generally remain within a pH range of between pH 2 - 6.5.
  • Step b) is a separation step where the bioliquid is separated from the non-degradable solid waste fractions.
  • Clean and efficient use of the degradable component of waste, such as MSW, combined with recycling typically requires some method of sorting or separation to separate degradable from non-degradable material.
  • the separation in step b) may be performed by any means known in art, such as in a ballistic separator, washing drums and/or hydraulic presses. In one embodiment the separation is performed before the enzymatic treatment. Separation of liquid and solids can e.g., be done in different presses (such as screw and/or piston presses) or e.g., using a simpler sieve function.
  • a ballistic separator is typically used to separate the solids into fractions and only secondarily a liquid separation.
  • step c) the bioliquid fraction obtained in step b) is subjected to anaerobic digestion (AD) process.
  • AD substrate need not be bioliquid.
  • Suitable AD substrate can be any biomass which may be subjected to AD processing.
  • Such substrates include but are not limited to lignocellulosic material, such as straw, household waste, sewage sludge, manure, straw beddings containing manure, cellulosic material, such as paper and pulp, industrial waste such as cuttings from slaughterhouses or floor sweepings from dairies, residues from food or beverage industry or other materials with biogas potential.
  • the AD substrate is obtained from a process where the substrate was generated by biologic treatment such as enzymatic treatment and/or microbial treatment of a waste composition.
  • the AD substate is generated by enzymatic treatment and/or microbial treatment of MSW.
  • the substrate for the AD process has not been subjected to enzyme and/or microbial treatment as described above.
  • the substrate may not be pre-processed, the substrate may have been subjected to various types of mechanical pre-treatment or the substrate may have been subjected to other treatments before entering the AD process, including sorting, mechanical and/or manual sorting,
  • waste such as municipal solid waste, municipal wastewater solids, food waste, high strength industrial wastewater and residuals, fats, oils and grease (FOG), and various other organic waste streams into biogas.
  • waste such as municipal solid waste, municipal wastewater solids, food waste, high strength industrial wastewater and residuals, fats, oils and grease (FOG), and various other organic waste streams into biogas.
  • waste such as municipal solid waste, municipal wastewater solids, food waste, high strength industrial wastewater and residuals, fats, oils and grease (FOG), and various other organic waste streams into biogas.
  • FOG fats, oils and grease
  • AD for production of methane biogas
  • biological processes mediated by microorganisms achieve four primary steps - hydrolysis of biological macromolecules into constituent monomers or other metabolites; acidogenesis, whereby short chain hydrocarbon acids and alcohols are produced; acetogenesis, whereby available nutrients are catabolized to acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and methanogenesis, whereby acetic acid and hydrogen are catabolized by specialized archaea to methane and carbon dioxide.
  • the hydrolysis step is typically rate-limiting and dependent on the biomass type. In the bioliquid i.e. , from enzymatic and/or microbial treatment of waste, it is the methanogens that limits the processing rate.
  • digestate comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction (reject water)
  • the digestate used in asphalt may sometimes be termed solid digestate, in particular comprising a water-like liquid with separable suspended particles.
  • Such solid digestate is, in one embodiment of the present invention, the digestate used in the asphalt composition according to the invention.
  • the anaerobic digestion step c), may comprise one or more reactors operated under controlled aeration conditions, eliminating or minimizing the available oxygen, in which methane gas is produced in each of the reactors comprising the system.
  • the AD reactor(s) can, but need not, be part of the same waste processing plant as the bioreactor in step a) and can, but need not, be connected to the bioreactor in step a).
  • the AD process may be in the form of a fixed filter system.
  • a fixed filter anaerobic digestion system is a system in which an anaerobic digestion consortium is immobilized, optionally within a biofilm, on a physical support matrix.
  • step d) the digestate obtained from step c) is separated into a liquid phase and a solid digestate and the solid digestate is dried until constant mass.
  • the digestate comprises both solids and liquids and these fractions may be used for various purposes.
  • the solid-liquid separations can for instance be done by decantation, centrifugation and/or sedimentation.
  • the anaerobic digestate comprises mainly water, wherein the digestate has a total solid content of about 4-8% and after the dewatering the solid digestate has a total solid content of 25-30% by weight, the rest being water.
  • the digestate fraction obtained in step d) may be subjected to anti-lumping treatment and/or passing digestate through 2 mm sieve.
  • the purpose of this step is to avoid lumping of the digestate. The particles tend to aggregate to each other forming lumps of various sizes.
  • an anti-lumping step may be required. Anti-lumping can be performed using any suitable means and methods known in the art. One such method is normally obtained when drying the digestate until constant mass.
  • the digestate has between 0-20% moisture, such as 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% or 20%.
  • the digestate is dried until having between 0-10% moisture, such as 5% or such as 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% or 10%.
  • the digestate can be dried by subjecting to temperatures of up to about 105°C, such as 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C or 105°C for a period of time sufficient to obtain constant mass. Normally, the time required is from 20 to 30 hours, such as 24 hours.
  • Step f) is an optional step that is to be selected when particles of smaller sizes are desirable for the specific use of the digestate. If step f) is selected, the digestate obtained from step e) is subjected to drying and/or milling to reduce particle size. Depending on the milling method applied to reduce particle size a previous drying step may be required. Some milling means can only be applied on dry material whereas other means for milling provides sufficient particle size reduction when applied on wet material. The intensity of the milling can be adjusted, for example by adjusting the duration of time of subjecting the digestate and thereby provide various particle size fractions.
  • the enzymatic and/or microbial waste treatment process described in step a) is applicable to a wide range of waste comprising organic matter.
  • Agricultural material/waste, household waste and municipal waste are examples of sources containing usually a high content of dry matter and a certain content of organic material. Since it is the organic fraction when waste is subjected to enzymatic and/or microbial treatment in a bioreactor in step a) that provide a bioliquid substrate suitable for the anaerobic digestion in step c), waste comprising organic material is a suitable feed.
  • suitable waste includes MSW, agriculture waste, industrial waste, waste fractions from recycling facilities, and garden refuse.
  • the process is applicable to unsorted as well as to sorted waste. In preferred embodiments, the waste is sorted or unsorted MSW.
  • step a) to b) is not performed and the digestate is a by-product from an AD process performed on another organic comprising substrate than bioliquid.
  • substrate may be source separated household waste, sewage sludge, manure, straw beddings containing manure, cellulosic material, such as paper and pulp, industrial waste such as cuttings from slaughterhouses or floor sweepings from dairies, residues from food or beverage industry or other materials with biogas potential.
  • the digestate according to the invention can also be obtained from other waste treatment processes that are different from the method described above. Regardless of the method applied to provide the digestate, water, such as municipal solid waste is a preferred waste source due to its composition of mixed organic waste fractions. Thus, the digestate composition obtained appears very robust and it is therefore believed that the same composition of ingredients and their amounts, will be in line with the digestate disclosed herein regardless of the specific organic waste it is obtained from.
  • Samples of starting material for the digestate was obtained from a waste treatment process wherein waste, i.e. , MSW was subjected to enzymatic degradation, and the liquid fraction thus obtained was subjected to anaerobic digestion.
  • the first steps applied for preparing the samples were made as described in WO 2020/002153 A1
  • the produced bioliquid was used for biomethane production in a full-scale anaerobic digester.
  • the anaerobic digesters were four 4.300 cubic meter liquid filled tanks (0 31 x 8 m) where the biological conversion took place. The tanks were equipped with four agitators for each tank.
  • the effluent was discharged by bottom extraction to a hygienisation system where the digestate is heated to 70°C for 1 hour.
  • the hygienised digestate was dewatered with decanter centrifuges to produce the solid digestate (here termed digestate) with a suspended dry matter of approximately 25-45 wt%.
  • a cationic polyacrylamide flocculant was used to aid the de-watering process.
  • the concentrated digestate from anaerobic digestion periods with stable biogas production was collected in 500 L pallet tanks and transported to the Renescience laboratory in Denmark by currier.
  • the 300-400 kg monthly samples were subjected to drying in a EMMERT UF 750 conventional oven at 105 °C for 24 hours.
  • the material was loosened to brake up lumps created by agglomeration during batch drying by running it through an Retsch SM300 mill with a 2.0 mm screen inserted.
  • the product thus obtained was analysed by laser diffraction on a HELOS/KF Particle Size Analyser at 1 .5 bar with vibrational in feeder with 65% feed rate in order to determine the particle size fractions of the composition.
  • Table 1 discloses the percentage of composition passing through various sieve sizes after milling from the samples collected in August 2021 (1), September 2021 (2), October 2021 (3), November 2021 (4), December 2021 (5), January 2022 (6), February 2022 (7), March 2022 (8), April 2022 (9), May 2022 (10), June 2022 (11) and August 2022 (12) respectively.
  • Table 2 discloses the loss on ignition, LOI, at 550°C and 950°C after a method adapted from EN 1744-1 :2019.
  • the digestate samples were dried at 105°C until constant weight and milled on a
  • Example 2 Mixing the aggregate(s), filler(s) and binder(s) with digestate to obtain an asphalt concrete (AC) mixture
  • mixing containers were pre-heated to 155 ⁇ 25 °C. Then aggregates, preheated to 155 ⁇ 25 °C, were weighed into the containers. Aggregates were mixed together.
  • Bitumen used in this assay was then added until reaching the desired binder content in the asphalt mixture composition. Filler was then added. All components were then thoroughly mixed for approximately 3-5 minutes and continuously mixed in said containers, until a uniform mixture was obtained, with the aggregate(s) being entirely coated with the binder(s).
  • the mixture was poured into a suitable form and manually dispersed before it was compacted.
  • the asphalt was left to cool to 90- 100°C, measured by an IR handheld thermometer, before the final compacting.
  • the mixture was then allowed to cool to room temperature over night before the slab is unmoulded and stored in a climate chamber at 15°C to allow the binder(s) to harden before preparing test specimens.
  • 2.2 Indirect Tensile Strength (ratio) of asphalt compositions provided in Example 2
  • Example 2 comprising the digestate described in Examples 1 and 2 are subjected to test for indirect tensile strength according to EN 12697-23:2017.
  • the tensile strength of the samples tested are comparable to the control sample and within commonly accepted standard.
  • the indirect tensile strength ratio is higher than the 80% required for all samples.
  • the asphalt compositions comprising the digestate described are subjected to Tri-Axial rutting tests according to EN 12697-25:2016, method B.
  • Figure 2 shows master curves with shear stress modulus (G*) [Pa] as a function of angular frequency for fresh and aged sample 0b; reference sample with wigras 40 filler in an AC11 surf asphalt sample with 5.8% 40/60 bitumen, and 1b; sample with 50% filler material replaced by digestate.
  • Figure 3 shows master curves with phase shift angle (6) [°] as a function of angular frequency for fresh and aged sample 0a; reference sample with wigras 40 filler in an AC11 surf asphalt sample with 6.2% 70/100 bitumen, and 1a; sample with 50% filler material replaced by digestate.
  • G* shear stress modulus
  • Figure 4 shows master curves with phase shift angle (6) [°] as a function of angular frequency for fresh and aged sample 0b; reference sample with wigras 40 filler in an AC11 surf asphalt sample with 5.8% 40/60 bitumen, and 1b; sample with 50% filler material replaced by digestate.
  • An investigation of the master curve shows whether the tested samples provide an equally balanced effect over the whole width of the spectrum of complex shear modulus G*, measured in Pascal (Pa), and the phase shift angle 6, measured in degrees (°), vs. angular frequency measured in radian per second (co or rad/s).
  • the change from fresh to aged samples shows the effect of aging on the sample and the shorter the distance between the master curve for the fresh and aged sample, the less effect aging has on the sample.
  • values above the master curve for the sample used for comparison means that the tested sample is more liquid than the reference and such samples are accordingly less elastic than the reference. If the samples shown an equally balanced effect over the whole width of the spectrum, it can be concluded that the bitumen samples were not influenced in a similar way to that experienced when polymer modifying bitumen with addition of various polymers.
  • the ratio for shear stress modulus at 10 rad/sec between bitumen extracted from fresh and aged samples with digestate and without was smaller in a blend with a 70/100 bitumen and slightly larger in a blend with 40/60 bitumen.
  • a tendency towards a less stiff asphalt when digestate interacts with the softer bitumen, indicating that the digestate has a rejuvenating effect on the bitumen.
  • the recipe used was to produce an AC surf 11 asphalt as shown in Table 9 and 10.
  • a limestone filler - Wigras 40K - was used as filler material.
  • a sample was prepared where reclaimed filler from the bag house fines from the dust collection devices in an asphalt production plant consisting mainly of milion and quartz filler material, was used.
  • the third sample was prepared with a 50/50 % mixture of reclaimed filler and digestate (sample 9) from example 1 and 2 as filler material and sand equivalents (fine aggregates).
  • the recipes were adjusted to have the same amount of fines in the mix, the particle size distribution was analysed with laser diffraction prior to preparing the recipes.
  • the aggregate grading is seen from Table 3 in Example 1.
  • the fines content was kept constant in all samples.
  • the aggregate amounts are seen from Table 9.
  • mixing containers were pre-heated to 155 ⁇ 25 °C. Then aggregates preheated to 155 ⁇ 25 °C, were weighed into the containers. Aggregates were mixed together. Bitumen used in this assay was then added until reaching the desired binder content in the asphalt mixture composition. Filler and in asphalt sample 1d also digestate were then added. All components were then thoroughly mixed for approximately 3-5 minutes and continuously mixed in said containers, until a uniform mixture was obtained, with the aggregate(s) being entirely coated with the binder(s). The mixture was poured into a suitable form and manually dispersed before it was compacted. The asphalt was left to cool to 90-100°C, measured by an IR handheld thermometer, before the final compacting. The mixture was then allowed to cool to room temperature over night before the slab is unmolded and stored in a climate chamber at 15°C to allow the binder(s) to harden before preparing test specimens.
  • Example 3 The asphalt samples produced in Example 3 were analysed for indirect tensile strength according to EN 12697-23:2017 and Tri-Axial rutting tests according to EN 12697-25:2016, method B. The results are apparent from Table 11.
  • Figure 5 shows response optimization of mixture of limestone (LS), reclaimed filler (RF) and digestate (digestate) for ITSR value of 90% and permanent deformation after 1000 cycles as low as possible based on modelling of predictions of ITSR [%] and £1000 [%] from data in Example 3 as a stepwise mixtures regression performed in statistical software: Minitab 21.1.
  • the penetration tests were performed using the needle penetration test in accordance with EN 1426:2015.
  • the penetration is expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimetre that a standard needle will penetrate vertically into a sample of the material under specified conditions of temperature, load and loading duration.
  • the softening point tests were performed using the Ring and Ball test in accordance with EN 14271427:2015.
  • the softening point is defined as the mean of the temperatures at which two discs of bituminous binders, cast in shouldered brass rings, heated at a controlled rate in a liquid bath while each support a brass ring, softens enough to allow each ball to fall a distance of 25.0 ⁇ 0.4 mm.
  • Table 12 shows the results obtained in the penetration and softening point tests for the reference sample and for the asphalt samples with 50% filler replaced with dried digestate (Sample 9), respectively, shortly (within 1.5 hours) after addition of the filler composition and after ageing.
  • Example 4 Mixing the aggregate(s), filler(s) and binder(s) with digestate additive to obtain a stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture composition to evaluate filler properties
  • Table 13 Particle size distribution for mixture of Sample 1 , 2 and 3 sieved through 1 mm sieve
  • the volumetric proportions of the SMA mixtures were calculated as the VMA, Voids in mineral aggregate [% of bulk volume], is calculated from the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate, G S b, and the bulk specific gravity of the compacted mixture, G m b, and the aggregate in total percent of total dry weight of the total mixture, P s .
  • VMA 100
  • the aggregates were heated to approximately 160°C and then mixing the aggregates with hot bitumen.
  • the bitumen was preheated to approximately 160°C.
  • the aggregates and the bitumen were then mixed in a hot mixing bowl and afterwards, the bitumen coated material was transferred to a cylindrical mould with an internal diameter of 100 mm.
  • the SMA samples was compacted to the target void content using a gyratory compactor.
  • the target air void content was set to 7.4% for the sample with 5.0% dried digestate.
  • the target density was set to 2283 for the sample with 5% digestate.
  • the sample was gyrated for approximately 310-25 times as the density of the mixture did not meet the target. The air void content is therefore higher for the sample containing digestate.
  • the stiffness was determined according to EN 12697-26:2018.
  • the test determines the stiffness modulus based on a sequence of haversine waveform loading pulses applied along the vertical diameter of the specimen.
  • two linear LDVTs were attached to record the amplitude of the peak horizontal deformation during the test. Once an initial value has been recorded, the cylindrical sample is rotated to find the second modulus value along the perpendicular diameter. The mean stiffness modulus is then determined as the mean value of the two results.
  • the stiffness modulus was calculated according to the equation below, where the stiffness modulus, S m [MPa], is calculated from the peak vertical load, F [N], the Poisson’s ratio, v, assumed to be 0.35, the mean amplitude of the horizontal deformation obtained from the five load pulse applications, z [mm], and the thickness of the test sample, h [mm]:
  • the graduation is similar to the sieved sample and is expected to behave similarly.
  • the aggregate grading for the produced SMA samples is seen from Sample 17.
  • Table 17 Grading for SMA samples with and without digestate replacement of filler
  • the target air void content was set to 7.4% for both the sample with 2.5 and 5% dried digestate.
  • the target density was set to 2310 and 2283 kg/m3 for the sample with 2.5 and 5% dried digestate respectively.

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Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne une composition d'asphalte comprenant 1,5 à 20 % en poids de digestat, ayant un LOI950°C sur une base de matière sèche selon la norme EN 1744-1:2009 d'au moins 15 %. Le digestat peut être obtenu à partir de processus de traitement de déchets dans lesquels les déchets sont soumis à un traitement enzymatique et/ou microbien suivi d'une digestion anaérobie de la fraction liquide ainsi obtenue.
PCT/EP2023/068857 2022-07-08 2023-07-07 Compositions d'asphalte comprenant du digestat WO2024008927A1 (fr)

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