WO2024007979A1 - 天线及电子设备 - Google Patents

天线及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024007979A1
WO2024007979A1 PCT/CN2023/104521 CN2023104521W WO2024007979A1 WO 2024007979 A1 WO2024007979 A1 WO 2024007979A1 CN 2023104521 W CN2023104521 W CN 2023104521W WO 2024007979 A1 WO2024007979 A1 WO 2024007979A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal
antenna
cavity
sub
signal emission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/104521
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王珅
Original Assignee
维沃移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 维沃移动通信有限公司 filed Critical 维沃移动通信有限公司
Publication of WO2024007979A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024007979A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the technical field of electronic equipment, and specifically relates to an antenna and electronic equipment.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna and electronic equipment, which can solve the problems of low antenna radiation efficiency and unstable performance caused by the integrated metal back cover of existing electronic equipment.
  • an antenna including: a metal cavity with a signal transmitting opening and a feed structure; the feed structure is disposed in the signal transmitting opening, and the feed structure is used to connect to a radio frequency transceiver. .
  • an electronic device including: a housing, a radio frequency transceiver and an antenna as described in the first aspect; wherein the antenna is spaced apart from the housing, or the antenna is connected to the housing through a conductive member The housing is connected.
  • An embodiment of the present application discloses an antenna, which includes a metal cavity with a signal emission opening and a feed structure.
  • the feed structure is provided in the signal emission opening.
  • the feed structure is used to connect to a radio frequency transceiver.
  • an independent metal cavity with a signal transmitting opening can be formed through metal.
  • the antenna can The radiation efficiency is not affected by the integrated metal back cover of the electronic device, and the performance is more stable.
  • the cavity in this application can be formed by the antenna alone, reducing the involvement of the electronic device shell and reducing the difficulty of antenna design.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram with a signal emission opening provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another signal emission opening provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram with two signal emission openings provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is another structural diagram with two signal emission openings provided by an embodiment of the present application. intention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna with multiple sub-cavities provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna with multiple sub-cavities provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna with multiple sub-cavities provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic circuit diagram of a connection device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • 200-antenna 201-first metal panel, 202-second metal panel, 203-third metal panel, 204-fourth metal panel, 205-fifth metal panel, 210-first mounting hole, 220-metal connection parts, 230-connection device, 231-capacitance, 232-inductance, 233-single pole double throw switch, 234-feed structure, 2341-feed point, 2342-feed point,
  • 600-signal transmitting opening 601-first signal transmitting opening, 602-second signal transmitting opening, 603-third signal transmitting opening,
  • the antenna 200 may include a metal cavity 500 having a signal emission opening 600 and a feed structure 234; the feed structure 234 is disposed in the signal emission opening 600, and the feed structure 234 is used to connect to the radio frequency transceiver 400.
  • the metal cavity is formed by multiple metal panels.
  • the metal cavity can have one signal emission opening or multiple signal emission openings.
  • the shape of the signal emission opening can be rectangular, as shown in Figure 4 ; It can also be L-shaped, or other irregular shapes.
  • the signal emission opening can be an opening formed on a metal panel, or a connected opening formed on multiple metal panels. As shown in Figure 3, it is a connected L-shaped opening formed on multiple metal panels; as shown in Figure 5, it is an L-shaped opening formed on one metal panel; as shown in Figure 6, it is multiple metal panels Multiple signal emission openings are formed; as shown in Figure 7, multiple signal emission openings are formed on a metal panel; multiple metal panels can also form signal emission openings of other shapes, whichever is more specific depends on the actual situation.
  • the antenna includes a metal cavity with a signal emission opening and a feed structure, The feed structure is arranged in the signal transmitting opening, and the feed structure is used to connect with the radio frequency transceiver.
  • an independent metal cavity with a signal transmitting opening can be formed through metal.
  • the metal back shell of the electronic device is integrated, the signal can be transmitted through the signal transmitting opening.
  • the antenna can The radiation efficiency is not affected by the metal back cover integrated with the electronic device, and the performance is more stable.
  • the metal cavity in this application can be formed by the antenna alone, reducing the involvement of the electronic device shell and reducing the difficulty of antenna design.
  • the antenna may include a first metal panel 201, a second metal panel 202, a third metal panel 203, a fourth metal panel 204 and a feed structure 234.
  • the first metal panel 201 and the Two metal panels 202 are arranged opposite to each other, and the third metal panel 203 and the fourth metal panel 204 are connected between the first metal panel 201 and the second metal panel 202.
  • the first metal panel 201, the second metal panel 202, and the third metal panel 202 are connected to each other.
  • the panel 203 and the fourth metal panel 204 form a metal cavity 500 and at least one signal emission opening 600; the feed structure 234 is provided in the signal emission opening 600, and the feed structure 234 is used to connect to the radio frequency transceiver 400.
  • the signal transmitting opening 600 is used to transmit signals from the antenna 200 .
  • the third metal panel 203 and the fourth metal panel 204 may be connected to each other, or may be arranged at intervals, depending on the actual situation.
  • Each panel of the antenna 200 is a metal panel, surrounded by multiple metal panels to form a cavity.
  • the surface not surrounded by metal panels can be independently formed with a signal transmitting opening 600, or can be formed together with the housing 300 of the electronic device 100 to form the signal transmitting opening 600.
  • the feed structure 234 includes a feed point 2341 and a feed point 2342.
  • the feed point 2341 and the feed point 2342 are respectively located on any two opposite metal panels forming the signal emission opening 600.
  • the material of each metal panel can be stainless steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy or titanium alloy, etc.; it can also be composed of flexible printed circuit board (FPC), copper sheet or stainless steel sheet, or a combination of the above materials.
  • FPC flexible printed circuit board
  • the interior of the metal cavity 500 formed by the first metal panel 201, the second metal panel 202, the third metal panel 203 and the fourth metal panel 204 can be filled with air or medium, and the material of the medium can be plastic or ceramics. Or glass, etc., or it may be a mixture of multiple materials.
  • plastic It can be polyamide, polycarbonate or acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene terpolymer, etc.
  • functional devices such as speakers, motors or cameras can be installed in the metal cavity.
  • the shape of the signal emission opening 600 may be rectangular, L-shaped, or other irregular shapes.
  • the signal emission opening 600 may also include multiple signal emission openings, depending on the actual situation.
  • a metal cavity can be formed through multiple metal panels, and at least one signal transmitting opening 600 can be formed at the same time.
  • the signal transmitting opening 600 can be used to transmit signals. signal, by setting the signal emission opening 600, the radiation efficiency of the antenna 200 is not affected by the integrated metal back cover of the electronic device 100, and the performance is more stable.
  • the metal cavity in this application can be formed separately by the antenna 200, reducing the cost of the electronic device. The participation of the 100 housing 300 reduces the design difficulty of the antenna 200.
  • the antenna 200 may also include other metal panels, and the cavity may be a cavity with a regular shape or an irregular cavity.
  • a cavity 500 is formed by multiple metal panels, in which the signal emission opening 600 can be one, which can be rectangular, as shown in Figure 4; or can be L-shaped, or other irregular shapes.
  • the signal emission opening may be an opening formed on one metal panel, or it may be a connected opening formed on multiple metal panels. As shown in Figure 3, it is a connected L-shaped opening formed on multiple metal panels; as shown in Figure 5, it is an L-shaped opening formed on one metal panel; multiple metal panels can also form other shapes.
  • the signal emission opening shall be subject to actual conditions.
  • multiple signal emission openings 600 There can also be multiple signal emission openings 600. As shown in Figure 6, multiple signal emission openings are formed on multiple metal panels; as shown in Figure 7, multiple signal emission openings are formed on one metal panel; multiple signal emission openings 600 can transmit the signal of the antenna 200. Since the feed frequency of the feed structure can be different, the antenna can work at multiple frequencies. Among the plurality of signal transmitting openings 600 , only one signal transmitting opening 600 may have a feed structure 234 for connecting to the radio frequency transceiver 400 , and the other signal transmitting openings 600 may be non-feed signal transmitting openings 600 , and the feed structure The feed frequency can make the signal frequency emitted by the antenna through different signal transmitting openings The rates are different. Multiple signal transmitting openings 600 can also each have a feed structure 234 for connecting to multiple radio frequency transceivers 400. The multiple feed structures can radiate different feed frequencies, so that the antenna can work in different frequency bands at the same time. The actual application shall prevail.
  • the metal cavity 500 includes a plurality of interconnected sub-cavities, and the volumes of each sub-cavity are different.
  • the frequencies of signals radiated through the sub-cavities are also different, which allows the antenna to emit signals of different frequencies and increase the operating frequency band of the antenna.
  • the antenna 200 may also include a plurality of fifth metal panels 205.
  • the plurality of fifth metal panels 205 are connected between the first metal panel 201 and the second metal panel 202.
  • the fifth metal panel 205, the first metal panel 201, the second metal panel 202, the third metal panel 203, and the fourth metal panel 204 form a large cavity and at least one signal emission opening 600.
  • the large cavity may include There are multiple interconnected sub-cavities.
  • the multiple interconnected sub-cavities can form a metal cavity, and the metal cavity can also be one of the multiple sub-cavities. Specifically determined according to the actual application.
  • multiple sub-cavities are combined into one large cavity. Since the internal structures of each sub-cavity are different, the frequencies of the antennas 200 corresponding to the sub-cavities are also different, so that the antenna 200 can emit signals of different frequencies, increasing the The operating frequency band of the antenna 200.
  • multiple sub-cavities correspond to one signal emission opening 600; the number of feed structures 234 is one, or the number of feed structures 234 is the same as the number of sub-cavities.
  • the operating frequency band of the antenna 200 can be increased by increasing the number of sub-cavities in the metal cavity, so that the antenna 200 can operate in different frequency bands. If multiple sub-cavities correspond to one signal transmitting opening 600 With one feed structure 234, the antenna 200 can work in different frequency bands at different times. If a signal emission opening 600 corresponding to multiple sub-cavities has multiple feed structures 234, the number of antennas 200 will also increase. , the corresponding antenna 200 The working frequency band will also be increased, so that different antennas 200 can work in different frequency bands.
  • the antenna 200 is composed of three sub-cavities, and the three sub-cavities correspond to one signal transmission opening 600. That is, one signal transmission opening 600 formed by the three sub-cavities only has one feed structure 234.
  • the antenna 200 is composed of three sub-cavities, and the three sub-cavities correspond to one signal transmitting opening 600 . That is, one signal transmitting opening 600 formed by the three sub-cavities has three feed structures 234 , and each feed structure 234 has three feed structures 234 .
  • the electrical structure is connected to a radio frequency transceiver 400. In this case, the frequency bands in which the antenna 200 operates can be increased, and the antenna 200 can operate in different frequency bands at the same time.
  • each sub-cavity corresponds to a signal emission opening 600; each signal emission opening is provided with a feed structure 234.
  • the operating frequency band of the antenna 200 can be increased by increasing the number of sub-cavities in the metal cavity and the number of signal emission openings 600 . That is to say, each sub-cavity of different volumes can have a signal emission opening. Each signal emission opening can be at any position of the sub-cavity.
  • the size of the signal emission opening can be an opening of any size, or The size of the opening is set according to the volume of the sub-cavity. For example, if the volume of the sub-cavity is large, the size of the signal emission opening can be larger; if the volume of the sub-cavity is small, the size of the signal emission opening can be smaller.
  • the antenna 200 is composed of three sub-cavities, namely a first sub-cavity 501, a second sub-cavity 502 and a third sub-cavity 503, wherein the first sub-cavity 501 A first signal emission opening 601 is provided, the second sub-cavity 502 is provided with a second signal emission opening 602, and the third sub-cavity 503 is provided with a third signal emission opening 603.
  • the positions of the three signal emission openings can be set as needed. They can be arranged on the edge of the metal panel or in the middle of the metal panel. In this embodiment, the three signal emission openings are all arranged on the edge of the metal panel.
  • the sizes of the three signal emission openings may be the same or different.
  • the three signal emission openings are set into three signal emission openings of different sizes according to the different volumes of the sub-cavities.
  • Each signal transmitting opening has a feed structure 234, and each feed structure 234 is connected to a transmitter.
  • the frequency transceiver 400 allows the antenna 200 to operate in more frequency bands, so that the antenna 200 can operate in different frequency bands at the same time.
  • the metal panel can be used to form a metal cavity alone, but the metal panel and the housing of the electronic device can also be used to form the second metal cavity 520 with a signal emission opening.
  • the cavity can not only be composed of a metal panel, but can also be formed by using the metal panel and the housing 300 of the electronic device 100 to form a cavity with a larger cavity.
  • a second metal cavity 520 and at least one signal emission opening 600 are formed between the first metal panel 201, the second metal panel 202, the third metal panel 203, the fourth metal panel 204 and the housing 300 of the electronic device 100.
  • the cavity can not only be composed of the metal panel of the antenna 200 itself, but can also be formed by using the metal panel and the housing 300 of the electronic device 100 to form a larger cavity and signal emission opening 600.
  • the metal panel and the case 300 are used to form a larger cavity and signal transmitting opening 600.
  • signals can be transmitted through the signal transmitting opening 600.
  • the antenna 200 may also include a metal connecting piece 220 that passes through the metal cavity and is connected to two opposite metal panels of the metal cavity. .
  • the metal connecting piece 220 can be added to the cavity formed by multiple metal panels. One end of the metal connecting piece 220 is connected to the first metal panel 201 of the two opposite metal panels of the metal cavity, and the other end is connected to the metal panel. The second metal panel 202 of the two opposite metal panels of the cavity is connected, and the working frequency of the antenna 200 can be adjusted through the metal connecting piece 220, thereby achieving multi-band, large-bandwidth coverage.
  • the number of metal connecting parts 220 may be one, two or more, and their position may be closer or further relative to the signal transmitting opening 600, and the metal connecting parts 220 may be separated from the signal transmitting opening 600.
  • the working frequency band of the antenna can be adjusted through one metal connecting piece, or the working frequency band of the antenna can be adjusted through two or more metal connecting pieces.
  • the antenna can be made to work in the first frequency band through only one metal connecting piece, or the antenna can be made to work in the first frequency band through two metal connecting pieces, whichever is specific to the actual application.
  • the metal connecting piece 220 can be formed by various structures such as elastic pieces, spring pins (pogo-pins), screws, or screws and washers.
  • the second end of the metal connecting piece 220 can pass through the second metal panel and be connected to the casing 300 of the electronic device 100 . Specifically, it can be in contact with the second metal panel 202 and then with the casing of the electronic device 100 . 300 connection, or through the opening on the second metal panel 202, through the second metal panel 202 to connect to the casing 300 of the electronic device 100 in a non-contact manner. Specifically, it shall be subject to the actual application. In the embodiment of the present application, no Make specific limitations.
  • the antenna 200 may also include a connecting device 230.
  • the connecting device 230 is connected to a metal connecting piece 220, and the first end of the metal connecting piece is connected to the two opposite metal panels.
  • the first metal panel is connected, the second end of the metal connecting piece is connected to the first end of the connecting device, and the second end of the connecting device 230 is connected to the second metal panel opposite the two metal panels.
  • the metal connecting piece 220 can be connected to the second metal panel 202 through the connecting device 230, or the metal connecting piece 220 can be connected to the two opposite metal panels of the antenna 200 through the connecting device 230, whichever is specific to the actual situation.
  • connection device 230 may include a capacitor 231 and/or an inductor 232. That is to say, the metal connecting piece 220 can be connected to the second metal panel 202 through the capacitor 231 or the inductor 232, or connected to the housing 300 through the second metal panel 202, so that the operating frequency range of the antenna 200 can be adjusted, so that the antenna 200 Can work in different frequency ranges, making its working frequency band wider to meet the needs of users Multi-band requirements.
  • the frequency band in which the antenna 200 operates can also be further increased by adjusting the capacitance value of the capacitor 231 or the inductor 232 or the value of the inductor 232 .
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor 231 can be 0.3 picofarads (pF), 0.5pF, 1.0pF, 3pF, 12pF, etc., and the inductance 232 value of the inductor 232 can be 0.5nH, 1.0nH, 5nH, 15nH, 30nH, etc., the capacitor 231
  • the capacitance value of can also be 0, and the inductance 232 value of the inductor 232 can also be 0. That is, the metal connecting member 220 directly connects the first metal panel 201 and the second metal panel 202 of the antenna 200, or the first metal panel 201 Directly connected to the housing 300, the details shall be subject to actual application.
  • the second end of the metal connecting member 220 passes through the second metal panel 202 and is connected to the housing 300 of the electronic device 100. It may be in contact with the second metal panel 202 and then connected to the housing 300, or it may be Through the opening on the second metal panel 202, the second metal panel 202 is connected to the housing 300 of the electronic device 100 in a non-contact manner.
  • the details are subject to actual application and are not specifically limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the antenna also includes a connecting device.
  • the connecting device 230 may include a capacitor 231, an inductor 232, and a single-pole double-throw switch 233.
  • the first end of the metal connecting member is connected to the opposite two ends.
  • the first metal panel of the two metal panels is connected.
  • the first end of the capacitor 231 and the first end of the inductor 232 are both connected to the second end of the metal connecting piece 220.
  • the second end of the capacitor 231 is connected to the first end of the single pole double throw switch 233.
  • the movable contact end is connected, the second end of the inductor 232 is connected to the second movable contact end of the single pole double throw switch 233, and the fixed contact end of the single pole double throw switch 233 is connected to the second metal panel 202 of the two opposite metal panels.
  • the SPDT switch 233 can also be replaced by a SPDT switch, a SPDT switch, a SP4 throw switch, a DPST switch, etc.
  • a SPDT switch is used, one end of which is connected to the capacitor. 231 or the inductor 232, and the other end is connected to the second metal panel 202 or through the second metal panel 202 to the housing 300.
  • a double-pole single-throw switch whose moving contacts are connected to the capacitor 231 and the inductor 232 respectively.
  • the fixed contact end is connected to the second metal panel 202, or through the second metal panel 202 to the housing 300.
  • the parallel structure of the capacitor 231 and the inductor 232 can be connected to the circuit structure by closing the switch, or by opening the switch.
  • the first metal panel 201 of the antenna 200 Disconnect from the second metal panel 202 , or disconnect the first metal panel 201 from the housing 300 .
  • the specific connection structure shall be subject to actual needs.
  • the operating frequency of the antenna 200 can be controlled by controlling the conduction state of the single-pole double-throw switch 233, the value of the capacitor 231, the value of the inductor 232, etc., so that the antenna 200 can achieve multi-band, large-bandwidth coverage. effect to meet the various needs of users.
  • the second end of the metal connecting piece 220 passes through the second metal panel 202 and is connected to the casing 300. It may be in contact with the second metal panel 202 and then connected to the casing 300 of the electronic device 100, or it may be Through the opening on the second metal panel 202, the second metal panel 202 is connected to the housing 300 of the electronic device 100 in a non-contact manner.
  • the details are subject to actual application and are not specifically limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the number of metal connecting members 220 may be multiple.
  • each metal connecting part 220 By arranging multiple metal connecting parts 220 and controlling the working status of each metal connecting part 220, for example, connecting the first metal panel 201 and the second metal panel 202 of the antenna 200, or passing the first metal panel 201 of the antenna 200 through The second metal panel 202 is connected to or disconnected from the housing 300 to adjust the antenna 200 to operate in different frequency bands.
  • the antenna 200 is provided with a first mounting hole 210, and the first mounting hole 210 is used to install functional devices.
  • the functional device may include at least one of a speaker, a motor, a camera, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application opens a first mounting hole 210 on the antenna 200 to install functional devices, making the overall structure more compact, and at the same time, the space occupied by the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 can be reduced. The space occupied by the antenna 200 will not have a great impact on the performance of the antenna 200 .
  • the metal cavity 500 is filled with a medium 700 .
  • the medium 700 can be formed of one type of dielectric material, as shown in Figure 15 , or can be formed of multiple dielectric materials divided into multiple layers, as shown in Figure 16 .
  • the medium 700 is multi-layer
  • the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent value of the dielectric material close to the RF emission port are relatively lowest, and the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent value of the dielectric material far away from the RF emission port are relatively high.
  • the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent value of the first medium 710 are both smaller than the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent value of the second medium 720, and the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent value of the second medium 720 Both are smaller than the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent value of the third medium 730 .
  • the medium can also serve as a supporting structure, that is, by providing the medium 700 with multiple layers of materials, the loss of the radiation performance of the antenna 200 can be reduced while maintaining the supporting strength of the medium 700 .
  • the feed structure 234 is connected to the radio frequency transceiver 400 through wires, or the feed structure 234 is connected to the radio frequency transceiver 400 through electrical connectors and wires.
  • the feeding method of the antenna 200 may be that the feeding structure 234 is directly connected to the radio frequency transceiver 400 through wires, or the feeding structure 234 may be connected to the radio frequency transceiver 400 through electrical connectors and wires.
  • the electrical connectors can be cables, printed circuit board (PCB) wiring, or metal structures, such as spring clips, pogo-pins, screw washers, etc.
  • the feeding structure 234 is disposed at any position on the antenna 200 corresponding to the position of the signal transmitting opening 600. It can be in the middle position or on a certain side. 234 is disposed at one end of the antenna 200 close to the signal transmitting opening 600.
  • the feed cable is connected to the antenna 200 through the feed structure 234, which may be connected by welding, or by pasting with conductive glue, or Other methods can be adopted, which will not be listed one by one in this application.
  • the outer layer of the feed cable is provided with a metal shielding layer.
  • the metal shielding layer can be connected to the housing through structures such as brackets or screws, and then connected to ground.
  • the antenna 200 may adopt the form of direct feeding, that is, the above-mentioned connection method.
  • the antenna 200 can also adopt the form of coupled feed, that is, the feed area is spaced apart from the antenna 200, and the two parts are independent of each other.
  • the gap between the two is used for energy coupling.
  • the size of the gap has a significant impact on the energy feed and the antenna.
  • the corresponding effect of 200 plays a crucial role.
  • This application also provides an electronic device 100, including: a housing 300, a radio frequency transceiver 400 and the antenna 200 provided in the above embodiment; wherein the antenna 200 is spaced apart from the housing 300, or The wire 200 is connected to the housing 300 through conductive parts.
  • the electronic device 100 includes a housing 300, a radio frequency transceiver 400, and the antenna 200 provided in the above embodiment.
  • the antenna 200 is spaced apart from the housing 300, or the antenna 200 is connected to the housing 300 through a conductive member.
  • a metal cavity can be formed through multiple metal panels, and at least one signal transmitting opening 600 can be formed at the same time.
  • signals can be transmitted through the signal transmitting opening 600.
  • the metal cavity in this application can be formed separately for the antenna 200, reducing the shell of the electronic device 100. The participation of the antenna 300 reduces the design difficulty of the antenna 200.
  • the number of antennas 200 may be multiple, and the multiple antennas 200 are arranged at intervals.
  • multiple antennas 200 can be provided in an electronic device 100 to achieve a multi-frequency working range, so that the electronic device 100 can work in multiple frequency bands to achieve multiple transmitting and multiple receiving (multiple input multiple output, MIMO). communication function.
  • the antennas 200 are arranged at intervals so that the antennas 200 do not affect each other.
  • the antenna 200 can be connected to the housing 300 through a conductive component.
  • the conductive component can be a structure such as conductive foam, conductive sponge, gold-plated conductive cloth foam, or a structure coated with conductive glue.
  • the position of the antenna 200 in the embodiment of the present application can be at any position of the electronic device 100.
  • the antenna 200 is located at the frame of the electronic device 100, which can better radiate radio frequency signals.
  • the working frequency range of the antenna 200 may be: low frequency 700MHz ⁇ 960MHz, low intermediate frequency 1400MHz ⁇ 1600MHz, medium high frequency 1700MHz ⁇ 2700MHz, and fifth generation mobile communication technology (5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology, 5G) New Radio (New Radio, NR) 3300MHz ⁇ 3800MHz, 4400MHz ⁇ 5000MHz; in addition, it may also need to cover GNSS, WIFI/BT and other related frequency bands.
  • the antenna 200 may operate in a single frequency band or in multiple frequency bands, depending on the actual application.
  • the housing 300 can be a seamless integrated metal structure, and the material can be aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, stainless steel, etc.
  • the electronic device 100 in the embodiment of the present application may also include a screen display component 800, a motherboard, a battery, and other structures.
  • the screen display component 800 may include a multi-layer structure, such as a touch screen, optical glue, and a display layer. , backlight board, metal frame, etc.;
  • the motherboard can be made of multiple layers of metal and media, and the shape may be rectangular, L-shaped, or other irregular shapes;
  • the battery can include a single battery unit or multiple
  • Each battery unit may be made of nickel metal hydride or lithium ion, and may be rectangular, L-shaped, or other shapes. Considering the simplicity of the text, this application will not describe them one by one.
  • ROM Only Memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • magnetic disk magnetic disk
  • optical disk including a number of instructions to make a terminal (can be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments of this application.

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Abstract

本申请公开一种天线及电子设备，属于电子设备技术领域。该天线包括具有信号发射开口的金属腔体和馈电结构；所述馈电结构设置于所述信号发射开口，所述馈电结构用于与射频收发器连接。

Description

天线及电子设备
交叉引用
本发明要求在2022年07月04日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210780910.0、发明名称为“天线及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本发明中。
技术领域
本申请属于电子设备技术领域，具体涉及一种天线及电子设备。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，用户对电子设备的需求越来越多，例如手机、平板、智能手表等等。这些电子设备无论是单独工作还是协同工作，都需要配备能覆盖单个或多个频段、实现单一或多种功能的天线。可能需要覆盖的频段的范围包括：低频、低中频、中高频、高频等多个频段。这对电子设备的天线设计造成一定困难。
同时，电子设备对整机厚度较为敏感，意味着天线物理体积和电孔径的减小。由于天线辐射效率与它的电孔径大小成正比，更轻、更薄、更小产品体积直接导致了更加恶劣的天线环境，随着屏占比不断增大，屏幕对于天线的吸收和屏蔽作用更加显著，再加上一体化的金属后盖，如图1所示，内部天线的辐射环境更差，使得天线的辐射效率低、性能不稳定，因此，如何设计天线结构是当前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种天线及电子设备，能够解决现有电子设备一体化的金属后盖，使得天线辐射效率低、性能不稳定的问题。
第一方面，提供了一种天线，包括：具有信号发射开口的金属腔体和馈电结构；所述馈电结构设置于所述信号发射开口，所述馈电结构用于与射频收发器连接。
第二方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括：壳体、射频收发器和如第一方面所述的天线；其中，所述天线与所述壳体间隔设置，或所述天线通过导电件与所述壳体连接。
在本申请实施例公开了一种天线，其包括具有信号发射开口的金属腔体和馈电结构，馈电结构设置于信号发射开口馈电结构用于与射频收发器连接。本申请实施例中可以通过金属形成一个具有信号发射开口的独立的金属腔体，在电子设备的金属后壳呈一体化的情况下可以通过该信号发射开口发射信号，通过设置信号发射开口使得天线的辐射效率不受电子设备一体化的金属后盖的影响，性能更加稳定，并且本申请中的腔体可以是天线单独形成，减少电子设备壳体的参与，降低天线的设计难度。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是本申请的实施例提供的电子设备的结构示意图；
图2是本申请的一个实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图3是本申请的另一个实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图4是本申请的一个实施例提供的具有一个信号发射开口的结构示意图；
图5是本申请的一个实施例提供的另一具有一个信号发射开口的结构示意图；
图6是本申请的一个实施例提供的具有两个信号发射开口的结构示意图；
图7是本申请的一个实施例提供的另一具有两个信号发射开口的结构示 意图；
图8是本申请的一个实施例提供的具有多个子腔体的天线的结构示意图；
图9是本申请的一个实施例提供的另一具有多个子腔体的天线的结构示意图；
图10是本申请的一个实施例提供的另一具有多个子腔体的天线的结构示意图；
图11是本申请的另一个实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图12是本申请的另一个实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图13是本申请的另一个实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图14是本申请的实施例提供的连接器件的电路示意图；
图15是本申请的另一个实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图16是本申请的另一个实施例提供的天线的结构示意图。
其中，
100-电子设备、
200-天线、201-第一金属面板、202-第二金属面板、203-第三金属面板、204-第四金属面板、205-第五金属面板、210-第一安装孔、220-金属连通件、230-连接器件、231-电容、232-电感、233-单刀双掷开关、234-馈电结构、2341-馈电点、2342-馈地点、
300-壳体、
400-射频收发器、
500-金属腔体、501-第一子腔体、502-第二子腔体、503-第三子腔体、520-第二金属腔体、
600-信号发射开口、601-第一信号发射开口、602-第二信号发射开口、603-第三信号发射开口、
700-介质、710-第一介质、720-第二介质、730-第三介质、
800-屏幕显示组件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
下面结合附图2-16，通过具体的实施例及其应用场景对本申请实施例提供的一种天线200及电子设备100进行详细地说明。
如图2所示，为本申请实施例提供的天线200的结构示意图。该天线200可以包括具有信号发射开口600的金属腔体500和馈电结构234；馈电结构234设置于信号发射开口600，馈电结构234用于与射频收发器400连接。
值得说明的是，金属腔体是由多个金属面板形成的，金属腔体可以具有一个信号发射开口，也可以具有多个信号发射开口，信号发射开口的形状可以是长方形，如图4所示；也可以是L型，或其他不规则形状，信号发射开口可以是在一个金属面板上形成的开口，也可以是在多个金属面板上形成的一个连通的开口。如图3所示，为在多个金属面板上形成的一个连通的L型开口；如图5所示，为在一个金属面板上形成的L型开口；如图6所示为多个金属面板形成多个信号发射开口；如图7所示，为一个金属面板上形成多个信号发射开口；多个金属面板还可以形成其他形状的信号发射开口，具体地以实际情况为准。
在本申请实施例中，天线包括具有信号发射开口的金属腔体和馈电结构， 馈电结构设置于信号发射开口，馈电结构用于与射频收发器连接。本申请实施例中可以通过金属形成一个具有信号发射开口的独立的金属腔体，在电子设备的金属后壳呈一体化的情况下可以通过该信号发射开口发射信号，通过设置信号发射开口使得天线的辐射效率不受电子设备一体化的金属后盖的影响，性能更加稳定，并且本申请中的金属腔体可以是天线单独形成，减少电子设备壳体的参与，降低天线的设计难度。
在本申请的一个具体的实施方式中，天线可以包括第一金属面板201、第二金属面板202、第三金属面板203、第四金属面板204和馈电结构234，第一金属面板201和第二金属面板202相对设置，第三金属面板203和第四金属面板204均连接与第一金属面板201和第二金属面板202之间，第一金属面板201、第二金属面板202、第三金属面板203和第四金属面板204形成金属腔体500和至少一个信号发射开口600；馈电结构234设置于信号发射开口600，馈电结构234用于与射频收发器400连接。
其中，信号发射开口600用于将天线200的信号发射出去。
其中，第三金属面板203和第四金属面板204可以是相互连接的，也可以是间隔设置的，具体地以实际情况为准。天线200的各个面板均是金属面板，多个金属面板包围形成腔体，没有金属面板包围的面可以独立的成形信号发射开口600，也可以与电子设备100的壳体300共同形成信号发射开口600。馈电结构234包括馈电点2341和馈地点2342，馈电点2341和馈地点2342分别位于形成信号发射开口600的任意两个相对的金属面板上。各个金属面板的材质可以是不锈钢、铝合金、镁合金或钛合金等；也可以是由柔性电路板(Flexible Printed Circuit，FPC)、铜片或者不锈钢钢片构成，也可以是上述材质的组合，具体地以实际应用为准。
值得说明的是，第一金属面板201、第二金属面板202、第三金属面板203和第四金属面板204形成的金属腔体500内部可以填充有空气或者介质，介质的材料可以是塑胶、陶瓷或玻璃等，也可能是多种材质混合而成。塑胶 可以是聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯或丙烯腈、丁二烯、苯乙烯三元共聚物等。在实际应用中，金属腔体中可以设置有扬声器或马达或摄像头等功能器件。信号发射开口600的形状可以是长方形，也可以是L型，或其他不规则形状，信号发射开口600也可以包括多个，具体地以实际情况为准。
在本申请实施例中，可以通过多个金属面板形成一个金属腔体，同时形成至少一个信号发射开口600，在电子设备100的金属后壳呈一体化的情况下可以通过该信号发射开口600发射信号，通过设置信号发射开口600使得天线200的辐射效率不受电子设备100一体化的金属后盖的影响，性能更加稳定，并且本申请中的金属腔体可以是天线200单独形成，减少电子设备100壳体300的参与，降低天线200的设计难度。
天线200除了上述几个金属面板之外还可以包括其他金属面板，腔体可以是一个具有规则形状的腔体，也可以是一个不规则的腔体。
如图3-7所示，为多个金属面板形成的腔体500，其中，信号发射开口600可以为一个，可以是长方形，如图4所示；也可以是L型，或其他不规则形状，信号发射开口可以是在一个金属面板上形成的开口，也可以是在多个金属面板上形成的一个连通的开口。如图3所示，为在多个金属面板上形成的一个连通的L型开口；如图5所示，为在一个金属面板上形成的L型开口；多个金属面板还可以形成其他形状的信号发射开口，具体地以实际情况为准。
信号发射开口600也可以为多个，如图6所示为多个金属面板形成多个信号发射开口；如图7所示，为一个金属面板上形成多个信号发射开口；多个信号发射开口600均可以将天线200的信号发射出去，由于馈电结构的馈电频率可以不同，因此，天线工作的频率可以是多种的。多个信号发射开口600中可以只有一个信号发射开口600具有馈电结构234，以用于与射频收发器400连接，其他的信号发射开口600可以是非馈电的信号发射开口600，该馈电结构的馈电频率可以使得天线通过不同的信号发射开口发射的信号频 率不同。多个信号发射开口600也可以均具有馈电结构234，以用于与多个射频收发器400连接，多个馈电结构可以辐射不同的馈电频率，使得天线可以同时工作在不同的频段，具体地以实际应用为准。
在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，金属腔体500包括多个相互连通的子腔体，各个子腔体的体积不同。
通过设置多个不同体积的子腔体，由于子腔体的内部空间不同，通过子腔体辐射出的信号频率也不相同，可以使得天线发射出不同频率的信号，增加天线的工作频段。
在本申请的一个具体的实施方式中，天线200还可以包括多个第五金属面板205，多个第五金属面板205均连接于第一金属面板201和第二金属面板202之间，多个第五金属面板205和第一金属面板201、第二金属面板202、第三金属面板203、第四金属面板204形成一个大的腔体和至少一个信号发射开口600，该大的腔体可以包括多个相互连通的子腔体，多个相互连通的子腔体可以形成金属腔体，金属腔体也可以是多个子腔体中的一者。具体地根据实际应用确定。
本申请实施例通过将多个子腔体合成一个大腔体，由于各个子腔体的内部结构不同，子腔体对应的天线200频率也不相同，可以使得天线200发射出不同频率的信号，增加天线200的工作频段。
在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，多个子腔体对应一个信号发射开口600；馈电结构234的数量为一个，或馈电结构234的数量与子腔体的数量相同。
在本申请实施例中，可以通过增加金属腔体内的子腔体的数量，以增多天线200的工作频段，使得天线200可以工作在不同频段，若是多个子腔体对应的一个信号发射开口600上具有一个馈电结构234，此时天线200可以在不同时间工作在不同频段，若是多个子腔体对应的一个信号发射开口600上具有多个馈电结构234，此时天线200的数量也会增加，相应的天线200 的工作频段也会增加，使得不同天线200可以工作在不同频段。
具体地，如图8所示，天线200由三个子腔体构成，三个子腔体对应一个信号发射开口600，也即三个子腔体形成的一个信号发射开口600只具有一个馈电结构234，连接一个射频收发器400，在该种情况下，天线200工作的频段可以增多，可以在不同时间工作在不同频段。如图9所示，天线200由三个子腔体构成，三个子腔体对应一个信号发射开口600，也即三个子腔体形成的一个信号发射开口600具有三个馈电结构234，每个馈电结构与一个射频收发器400连接，在该种情况下，天线200工作的频段可以增多，可以在同一时间工作在不同频段。
在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，每个子腔体均对应一个信号发射开口600；每个信号发射开口均设置有馈电结构234。
在本申请实施例中，可以通过增加金属腔体内的子腔体的数量，以及信号发射开口600的数量，来增加天线200的工作频段。也就是说，每个不同体积的子腔体上均可以具有一个信号发射开口，每个信号发射开口可以在子腔体的任意位置上，信号发射开口的大小可以是任意大小的开口，也可以是根据子腔体的体积设置开口大小，例如，子腔体的体积大，信号发射开口的尺寸可以较大，子腔体的体积较小，信号发射开口的尺寸可以较小。
具体地，如图10所述，天线200由三个子腔体构成，分别为第一子腔体501、第二子腔体502和第三子腔体503，其中，第一子腔体501上设置有第一信号发射开口601，第二子腔体502上设置有第二信号发射开口602，第三子腔体503上设置有第三信号发射开口603。三个信号发射开口的位置可以根据需要进行设置，可以设置于金属面板的边上，也可以设置于金属面板的中间，本实施例中，三个信号发射开口均设置于金属面板的边上，另外，三个信号发射开口的尺寸可以相同，也可以不同，本实施例中，三个信号发射开口根据子腔体的体积不同，设置成了三个大小不同的信号发射开口。每个信号发射开口上均具有一个馈电结构234，每个馈电结构234均连接一个射 频收发器400，使得天线200工作的频段也可以增多，使得天线200可以在同一时间工作在不同频段。
在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，不仅可以使用金属面板单独形成金属腔体，还可以利用金属面板和电子设备的壳体形成具有信号发射开口的第二金属腔体520。
也就是说，腔体不仅可以利用金属面板组成，还可以利用金属面板和电子设备100的壳体300共同形成具有更大空腔的腔体。
如图11所示，在本申请的一个具体的实施方式中，第一金属面板201、第二金属面板202、第三金属面板203、第四金属面板204和电子设备100的壳体300之间形成第二金属腔体520和至少一个信号发射开口600。
在本申请实施例中，腔体不仅可以利用天线200本身的金属面板组成，还可以利用金属面板和电子设备100的壳体300共同形成一个更大的腔体和信号发射开口600。利用金属面板和壳体300形成一个更大的腔体和信号发射开口600，在电子设备100的金属后壳呈一体化的情况下可以通过该信号发射开口600发射信号，通过设置信号发射开口600使得天线200的辐射效率不受电子设备100一体化的金属后盖的影响，天线200单元的性能更加稳定。如图12所示，在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，天线200还可以包括金属连通件220，该金属连通件220穿过金属腔体，且与金属腔体的相对两个金属面板连接。
也就是说，可以在多个金属面板形成的腔体中加入金属连通件220，金属连通件220的一端与金属腔体的相对两个金属面板中的第一金属面板201连接，另一端与金属腔体的相对两个金属面板中的第二金属面板202连接，通过该金属连通件220可以调节天线200的工作频率，从而实现多频段、大带宽的覆盖效果。
其中，金属连通件220的数量可以是一个、两个或两个以上，其位置可以相对于信号发射开口600较近或较远，且金属连通件220与信号发射开口 600的距离越近，天线200的工作频率越高，也就是说，可以通过设置金属连通件220的位置，调节天线200的工作频段，使天线200工作在高频频段或低频频段等。
值得说明的是，可以通过一个金属连通件调节天线的工作频段，也可以通过两个或两个以上的金属连通件调节天线的工作频段。具体地，可以通过仅通过一个金属连通件使得天线工作在第一频段，也可以通过两个金属连通件使得天线工作在第一频段，具体地以实际应用为准。
金属连通件220可以通过弹片或者弹簧针(pogo-pin)，或者螺钉，或者螺钉加垫片等多种结构形成。
值得说明的是，金属连通件220的第二端可以穿过第二金属面板与电子设备100的壳体300连接，具体地可以是与第二金属面板202接触然后再与电子设备100的壳体300连接，也可以是通过第二金属面板202上的开口，非接触地穿过第二金属面板202与电子设备100的壳体300连接，具体地以实际应用为准，本申请实施例中不做具体限定。
如图13所示，在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，天线200还可以包括连接器件230，连接器件230与金属连通件220连接，金属连通件的第一端与相对两个金属面板的第一金属面板连接，金属连通件的第二端与连接器件的第一端连接，连接器件230的第二端与相对两个金属面板的第二金属面板连接。
也就是说，金属连通件220可以通过连接器件230连接到第二金属面板202，也可以是金属连通件220通过连接器件230连通天线200的相对两金属面板，具体地以实际情况为准。
其中，连接器件230可以包括电容231和/或电感232。也即，金属连通件220可以再通过电容231或电感232与第二金属面板202连接，或穿过第二金属面板202与壳体300连接，进而可以调整天线200的工作频率范围，使得天线200可以工作在不同的频率范围，使其工作频段更广，满足用户的 多频段需求。也可以通过调节电容231或电感232的容值或电感232值，使得天线200工作的频段进一步增加。
电容231的容值可以是0.3皮法(picofarads，pF)、0.5pF、1.0pF、3pF、12pF等，电感232的电感232值可以是0.5nH、1.0nH、5nH、15nH、30nH等，电容231的容值也可以是0，电感232的电感232值也可以是0，也即，金属连通件220直接连通天线200的第一金属面板201和第二金属面板202，或者将第一金属面板201直接与壳体300连接，具体地以实际应用为准。
值得说明的是，金属连通件220的第二端穿过第二金属面板202与电子设备100的壳体300连接，可以是与第二金属面板202接触然后再与壳体300连接，也可以是通过第二金属面板202上的开口，非接触地穿过第二金属面板202与电子设备100的壳体300连接，具体地以实际应用为准，本申请实施例中不做具体限定。
如图14所示，在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，天线还包括连接器件，连接器件230可以包括电容231、电感232和单刀双掷开关233，金属连通件的第一端与相对两个金属面板的第一金属面板连接，电容231的第一端和电感232的第一端均与金属连通件220的第二端连接，电容231的第二端与单刀双掷开关233的第一动触端连接，电感232的第二端与单刀双掷开关233的第二动触端连接，单刀双掷开关233的定触端与相对两个金属面板的第二金属面板202连接。
值得说明的是，单刀双掷开关233也可以由单刀单掷开关、单刀三掷开关、单刀四掷开关、双刀单掷等等代替，相应的，例如采用单刀单掷开关，其一端与电容231或电感232连接，另一端与第二金属面板202，或穿过第二金属面板202与壳体300连接，再例如采用双刀单掷开关，其动触端分别与电容231和电感232连接，定触端与第二金属面板202，或穿过第二金属面板202与壳体300连接，可以通过开关闭合将电容231和电感232的并联结构连入电路结构中，也可以通过断开开关使天线200的第一金属面板201 和第二金属面板202断开，或使第一金属面板201与壳体300断开连接。具体地连接结构以实际需求为准。
在本实施例中，可以通过控制单刀双掷开关233的导通状态，以及电容231值、电感232值等，来控制天线200的工作频率，从而使得天线200可以实现多频段、大带宽的覆盖效果，满足用户的多种需求。
值得说明的是，金属连通件220的第二端穿过第二金属面板202与壳体300连接，可以是与第二金属面板202接触然后再与电子设备100的壳体300连接，也可以是通过第二金属面板202上的开口，非接触地穿过第二金属面板202与电子设备100的壳体300连接，具体地以实际应用为准，本申请实施例中不做具体限定。
在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，金属连通件220的个数可以为多个。
通过设置多个金属连通件220，并控制各个金属连通件220的工作状态，例如将天线200的第一金属面板201与第二金属面板202连接，或将天线200的第一金属面板201穿过第二金属面板202与壳体300连接，或断开连接等，来调节天线200工作在不同频段。
在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，天线200上开设有第一安装孔210，第一安装孔210用于安装功能器件。
其中，功能器件可以包括扬声器、马达、摄像头等中的至少一个。
值得说明的是，本申请实施例通过在天线200上开设第一安装孔210，以安装功能器件，使得整体结构更加紧凑，同时可以减小天线200在电子设备100中占用的空间，减小天线200的占用空间对天线200的性能不会有较大影响。
如图15所示，在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，金属腔体500内填充有介质700。
本申请实施例中，介质700可以由一种介质材料形成，如图15所示，也可以由多种介质材料分为多层形成，如图16所示。其中，当介质700为多层 介质材料时，靠近射频发射口的介质材料的介电常数和介质损耗角正切值相对最低，远离射频发射口的介质材料的介电常数和介质损耗角正切值相对偏高。即图16中，第一介质710的介电常数和介质损耗角正切值均小于第二介质720的介电常数和介质损耗角正切值，第二介质720的介电常数和介质损耗角正切值均小于第三介质730的介电常数和介质损耗角正切值。介质还可以作为支撑结构，也即通过设置多层材料的介质700可以在保持介质700支撑强度的同时减小对天线200辐射性能的损耗。
在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，馈电结构234通过导线与射频收发器400连接，或馈电结构234通过电连接件和导线与射频收发器400连接。
也就是说，天线200的馈电方式可以是馈电结构234通过导线直接与射频收发器400连接，也可以是馈电结构234通过电连接件和导线与射频收发器400连接。其中，电连接件可以是线缆、印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board，PCB)布线，也可以是金属结构，如弹片、pogo-pin、螺钉垫片等。
以线缆馈电的形式为例进行说明，馈电结构234设置于信号发射开口600所处的位置对应的天线200上的任意位置，可以在中间位置，也可以在某一边，以馈电结构234设置于天线200靠近信号发射开口600的一端的位置，馈电线缆通过馈电结构234与天线200连接，可以是通过焊接的方式连接，也可以通过用导电胶粘贴的方式连接，还可以采用其他方式，本申请中不再一一列举。馈电线缆的外层设置有金属屏蔽层，该金属屏蔽层可以通过支架或螺钉等结构连接到壳体，进而连接地。
天线200可以采用直接馈电的形式，即上述连接方式。天线200还可以采用耦合馈电的形式，即馈电区域与天线200间隔设置，两部分相互独立，两者之间依靠之间的间隙进行能量的耦合，间隙的尺寸对于能量的馈入和天线200的相应效果起到至关重要的作用。
本申请还提供了一种电子设备100，包括：壳体300、射频收发器400和上述实施例提供的天线200；其中，天线200与壳体300间隔设置，或天 线200通过导电件与壳体300连接。
在本申请实施例中，电子设备100包括壳体300、射频收发器400和上述实施例提供的天线200，天线200与壳体300间隔设置，或天线200通过导电件与壳体300连接。本申请实施例中可以通过多个金属面板形成一个金属腔体，同时形成至少一个信号发射开口600，在电子设备100的金属后壳呈一体化的情况下可以通过该信号发射开口600发射信号，通过设置信号发射开口600使得天线200的辐射效率不受电子设备100一体化的金属后盖的影响，性能更加稳定，并且本申请中的金属腔体可以是天线200单独形成，减少电子设备100壳体300的参与，降低天线200的设计难度。
在本申请的一个可能的实施方式中，天线200的数量可以为多个，多个天线200之间间隔设置。
也可以说，一个电子设备100中可以设置有多个天线200，以实现多频率的工作范围，使得电子设备100可以工作在多个频段，实现多发射多接收(multiple input multiple output，MIMO)的通信功能。
其中，将天线200之间间隔设置，可以使得各天线200之间互不影响。
天线200可以通过导电件与壳体300连接，导电件可以是导电泡棉，导电海绵，或者镀金导电布泡棉等结构，或涂有导电胶的结构。
本申请实施例中的天线200的位置可以处于电子设备100的任意位置，优选的，天线200处于电子设备100的边框处，可以更好的使得射频信号辐射出去。
天线200的工作频率范围可能是：低频700MHz～960MHz，低中频1400MHz～1600MHz，中高频1700MHz～2700MHz，以及第五代移动通信技术(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，5G)新无线电(New Radio，NR)中的3300MHz～3800MHz、4400MHz～5000MHz；除此之外，还可能需要覆盖GNSS、WIFI/BT等相关频段。天线200可以是单频段工作，也可以是多频段工作，以实际应用为准。
壳体300可以为无断缝一体化金属结构，材质可以是铝合金、镁合金、不锈钢等。
当然，本申请实施例中的电子设备100除了包括上述结构外，还可以包括屏幕显示组件800、主板、电池等结构，其中屏幕显示组件800可以包括多层结构，例如触摸屏、光学胶、显示层、背光板、金属框架等等；主板可以由多层金属和介质结合而成，外形可能是长方形，也可能是L型，或其他不规则的形状；电池可以包括单个电池单元，也可以包括多个电池单元，材质可以为镍氢、或锂离子，外形可能是长方形、或者L型、或其他形状，考虑到文本简洁，本申请不再一一说明。
需要说明的是，在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者装置所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置中还存在另外的相同要素。此外，需要指出的是，本申请实施方式中的方法和装置的范围不限按示出或讨论的顺序来执行功能，还可包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序来执行功能，例如，可以按不同于所描述的次序来执行所描述的方法，并且还可以添加、省去、或组合各种步骤。另外，参照某些示例所描述的特征可在其他示例中被组合。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到上述实施例方法可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件，但很多情况下前者是更佳的实施方式。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质(如计算机只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)/随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟、光盘)中，包括若干指令用以使得一台终端(可以是手机， 计算机，服务器，空调器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述的方法。
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述，但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下，在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，均属于本申请的保护之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天线，包括：具有信号发射开口的金属腔体和馈电结构；所述馈电结构设置于所述信号发射开口，所述馈电结构用于与射频收发器连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其中，所述金属腔体包括多个相互连通的子腔体，各个所述子腔体的体积不同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线，其中，多个所述子腔体对应一个信号发射开口；
    所述馈电结构的数量为一个；
    或所述馈电结构的数量与所述子腔体的数量相同。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的天线，其中，每个所述子腔体均对应一个信号发射开口；
    每个所述信号发射开口均设置有所述馈电结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其中，所述天线还包括金属连通件，所述金属连通件穿过所述金属腔体，且与所述金属腔体的相对两个金属面板连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线，其中，所述天线还包括连接器件，所述连接器件包括电容和/或电感；所述连接器件与所述金属连通件连接，所述金属连通件的第一端与所述相对两个金属面板的第一金属面板连接，所述金属连通件的第二端与所述连接器件的第一端连接，所述连接器件的第二端与所述相对两个金属面板的第二金属面板连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的天线，其中，所述天线还包括连接器件，所述连接器件包括电容、电感和单刀双掷开关；所述金属连通件的第一端与所述相对两个金属面板的第一金属面板连接，所述电容的第一端和所述电感的第一端均与所述金属连通件的第二端连接，所述电容的第二端与所述单刀双掷开关的第一动触端连接，所述电感的第二端与所述单刀双掷开关的第二动触端连接，所述单刀双掷开关的定触端与所述相对两个金属面板的第二金属面 板连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其中，所述天线上开设有第一安装孔，所述第一安装孔用于安装功能器件。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其中，所述金属腔体内填充有介质。
  10. 一种电子设备，包括：壳体、射频收发器和如权利要求1-9任一项所述的天线；
    其中，所述天线与所述壳体间隔设置，或所述天线通过导电件与所述壳体连接。
PCT/CN2023/104521 2022-07-04 2023-06-30 天线及电子设备 WO2024007979A1 (zh)

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CN105811069A (zh) * 2016-04-05 2016-07-27 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 腔式结构的gnss天线
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CN105811069A (zh) * 2016-04-05 2016-07-27 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 腔式结构的gnss天线
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