WO2024007256A1 - 空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法、装置和存储介质 - Google Patents

空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法、装置和存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2024007256A1
WO2024007256A1 PCT/CN2022/104396 CN2022104396W WO2024007256A1 WO 2024007256 A1 WO2024007256 A1 WO 2024007256A1 CN 2022104396 W CN2022104396 W CN 2022104396W WO 2024007256 A1 WO2024007256 A1 WO 2024007256A1
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grid
airspace
coding
uav
longitude
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French (fr)
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谢华
朱永文
苏方正
尹嘉男
袁立罡
杨磊
羊钊
包杰
唐治理
王长春
蒲钒
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/20Instruments for performing navigational calculations
    • G01C21/22Plotting boards
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/02Reliability analysis or reliability optimisation; Failure analysis, e.g. worst case scenario performance, failure mode and effects analysis [FMEA]

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  • the invention relates to the field of aviation, and in particular to methods, devices and storage media for UAV conflict detection in airspace digital grids.
  • the traditional conflict detection method can be used for UAV conflict detection in low-altitude airspace operations. It determines whether there is a conflict by calculating the distance between the positions of each track point. As the number of UAVs increases and the airspace involved is larger, if the traditional conflict detection method is used, the operation characteristics and volume of the UAVs cannot be achieved based on the longitude and latitude coordinates. The high accuracy and high computational complexity will reduce the efficiency of conflict detection, causing the algorithm to take too long to calculate and even fail to effectively detect conflicts, making it difficult to meet the requirements for UAV conflict detection.
  • Airspace gridding refers to a method of discretizing airspace that uses rasterization to establish an airspace grid unit division method, construct airspace system data analysis based on network indexes, and carry out airspace performance-related research.
  • Current research has proven that grid-based conflict detection algorithms can greatly improve conflict detection efficiency.
  • most of the research does not integrate the data information space of the gridded airspace, and only uses gridding methods at the application level, and the proposed grid profile The sub-methods do not model specific operating environments.
  • the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a UAV conflict detection method for airspace digital grid in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, including:
  • establishing the airspace discrete subdivision grid model includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Expand the earth’s longitude and latitude space three times, extending the geographical space to 512° east-west and 512° north-south, extending 1° to 64′, and extending 1′ to 64′′;
  • Step 2 Carry out spherical recursive meshing based on the longitude and latitude of the geographical space.
  • the plane is divided into three levels: degrees, minutes and seconds.
  • the earth's spherical surface is divided into 8-level recursive meshes until the minimum side length is 1". body mass;
  • Step 3 The height is independent of the spherical division. According to the difference of the height datum, it can be divided into true height, surface pressure height, corrected sea level pressure height, and standard atmospheric pressure height.
  • the height is expressed as X 1 (generally the value is 30m) Expand upwards for granularity.
  • raster coding rules and the conversion relationship between latitude and longitude coordinates and coding includes:
  • Coding includes plane coding and height coding. Both plane coding and height coding adopt “Z"-shaped coding. "Degree" level body block coding is represented by d; "minute” level body block coding is represented by m; "second” level body block coding is represented by Represented by s, plane coding and height coding are combined to form a three-dimensional coding of the spatial grid system.
  • the establishment of a UAV safety protection zone includes:
  • UAV safety protection zone based on the operating performance of the UAV.
  • the horizontal and vertical intervals of the protection zone are D hor , and the vertical spacing is D ver .
  • a grid with appropriate granularity is selected according to the size of the protection zone.
  • general civilian consumer UAVs are micro UAVs, which correspond to the 8th level of grid granularity.
  • the 6th and 7th level grids correspond to the sizes of medium-sized UAVs and small UAVs respectively. Therefore, Most drones can be represented by level 6, 7, and 8 grids. If some drones have special sizes and cannot be directly represented by one grid, multiple grids can be used for combined expression.
  • grid expression methods for UAVs in the airspace include:
  • Mesh expression can express the target object through mesh combination or independently. First, only a cube is used to represent the drone. Point represents a cube information. The following point object expression model is established:
  • Line represents the flight trajectory of the drone
  • line object expression model
  • the flight latitude, longitude and altitude information obtained from the airborne ADS-B (ADS-B system is the abbreviation of Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcasting System) equipment or ground station is coded and converted.
  • ADS-B system is the abbreviation of Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcasting System
  • ground station is coded and converted. The formula is as follows:
  • longitude coding, latitude coding and height coding are represented by Code Lon , Code Lat and Code Alt respectively
  • n represents the coding level
  • gridsize n represents the nth level grid granularity size
  • Lon d , Lon m and Lon s represent the longitude coordinates respectively.
  • Degrees, minutes, seconds, and height levels are individually coded according to x 1 as the granularity expands upward.
  • the UAV and its track points are placed in the grid coordinate system, and the longitude and latitude coordinates are converted into Cartesian coordinate integer operations.
  • the distance between object A and object B is represented by d(A,B) and is defined by the following formula:
  • the Minkowski difference set is a point set composed of the differences between all points of object A and all points of object B, as shown below:
  • M(A,B) represents the Minkowski difference set of cubes A and B;
  • Minkowski difference set which is described as follows:
  • the step of determining whether the drones collide based on the Minkowski difference set includes: converting the distance between the drones into the Minkowski difference between the drones, and determining whether the difference set contains the origin. Whether two objects collide, the greater the distance between the two drones, the farther the center of the difference set is from the origin, and vice versa. If the drone volumes collide, the difference polygon contains the origin.
  • the present invention also provides a UAV conflict detection device for airspace digital grid, including:
  • the conversion relationship building module is used to construct the conversion relationship between raster coding rules and longitude and latitude coordinates and coding;
  • Minkowski difference set calculation module used to calculate the Minkowski difference set of two volumes using the GJK distance algorithm
  • the present invention also provides a storage medium that stores computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are run, the UAV conflict detection method of the airspace digital grid is implemented.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that it provides a UAV conflict detection method based on an airspace digital grid.
  • the UAV conflict detection method based on the airspace digital grid includes: establishing a discrete grid model of the airspace; constructing the grid coding rules and the conversion relationship between the longitude and latitude coordinates and the grid coding; establishing a UAV safety protection zone to protect the unmanned aerial vehicle in the airspace.
  • Human-machine grid expression a coordinate system is established to convert the grid code of the drone into coordinates; the GJK algorithm is used to calculate the Minkowski difference set of the two blocks; the Minkowski difference set is used to determine whether the drone conflicts. .
  • Figure 2 is a diagram showing the grid topology.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of Minkowski difference set distance conversion.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the Minkowski difference results between A and B.
  • the present invention provides a UAV conflict detection method based on airspace digital grid.
  • the air traffic area division method based on fuzzy C-means clustering includes the following steps:
  • S120 Construct raster coding rules and the conversion relationship between latitude and longitude coordinates and coding
  • S111 Expand the earth’s longitude and latitude space three times, extending the geographical space to 512° east-west and 512° north-south, extending 1° to 64′, and extending 1′ to 64′′, as shown in Figure 2;
  • S112 Carry out spherical recursive meshing based on the longitude and latitude of geographical space, divide the plane into three levels of "degrees-minutes-seconds", and divide the earth's spherical surface into an 8-level recursive mesh until the minimum side length is 1" body block, as shown in Table 1;
  • Height is independent of the spherical surface. According to the difference of the height datum, it can be divided into true height, surface pressure height, corrected sea level pressure height, and standard atmospheric pressure height. It can be expanded upward with a granularity of 30m.
  • step S120 includes the following steps: encoding is divided into two parts: plane encoding and height encoding. Both plane encoding and height encoding adopt “Z"-shaped encoding. "Degree" level body block encoding is represented by d; "minute” Level block coding is represented by m; “second” level block coding is represented by s. The plane coding and height coding are combined to form a three-dimensional coding of the spatial grid system.
  • Dissection level grid size Approximate scale near the equator first level 15° ⁇ 15° 1669km second level 1° ⁇ 1° 111km Level 3 30' ⁇ 30' 56km Level 4 10' ⁇ 10' 9km Level 5 1' ⁇ 1' 1km Level 6 6" ⁇ 6" 0.2km Level 7 3" ⁇ 3" 0.1km Level 8 1" ⁇ 1" 0.03km
  • step S130 includes the following steps:
  • S131 Establish a UAV safety protection zone based on the operating performance of the UAV.
  • the horizontal and vertical intervals are D hor , and the vertical spacing is D ver .
  • general civilian consumer drones are micro drones, corresponding to the 8th level grid.
  • the 6th and 7th level grids correspond to the sizes of medium-sized UAVs and small UAVs respectively, so the 6th, 7th and 8th level grids can represent most UAVs. If some drones have special sizes and cannot be directly represented by one grid, multiple grids can be used for combined expression.
  • the flight latitude, longitude and altitude information obtained from the airborne ADS-B equipment or ground station are coded and converted.
  • the formula is as follows:
  • longitude coding, latitude coding and height coding are represented by Code Lon , Code Lat and Code Alt respectively
  • n represents the coding level
  • gridsize n represents the nth level grid granularity size
  • Lon d , Lon m and Lon s represent the longitude coordinates respectively.
  • Degrees, minutes, seconds, and height levels are individually coded according to x 1 as the granularity expands upward.
  • step S140 includes: after expressing the airspace into a grid, placing the drone and its track points in the grid coordinate system, and converting the longitude and latitude coordinates into rectangular coordinate integer operations.
  • step S150 includes:
  • the GJK algorithm calculates the distance between two convex bodies.
  • the distance between objects A and B is represented by d(A,B) and is defined by the following formula:
  • the Minkowski difference set is a point set composed of the differences between all points of object A and all points of object B. It can be expressed as follows:
  • step S160 includes: converting the distance between the UAVs into the Minkowski difference between the two, and determining whether the two objects collide by judging whether the difference set contains the origin. If the value is large, the center position of the difference set is further away from the origin, and vice versa, the center position is closer to the origin. If the drone volumes collide, the difference polygon contains the origin. Drones A and B collide if and only if the Minkowski difference set M(A,B) of the two cubes contains the origin. Three drones A, B, and C of the same type are represented as three 8th-level grid-sized cubes, as shown in Figure 5. A and B are in contact, and C is far away from A and B.
  • the Minkowski difference set obtained contains 5000 points. These element points are placed in coordinates and displayed.
  • the Minkowski difference results of A and B, A and C are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, which are intuitive Shows the relationship between the Minkowski difference set and the origin.
  • the origin is located inside the Minkovsky difference set generated by cubes A and B. If the origin is located inside the difference set, it means that the two conflict; while there is no conflict between cubes A and C, the origin is located in the Minkovsky difference set of the two cubes. Outside the basis set, as shown in Figure 7.
  • This embodiment also provides a UAV conflict detection device for airspace digital grid, including:
  • the grid expression module is used to establish a UAV safety protection zone and perform grid expression for UAVs in the airspace;
  • the coordinate conversion module is used to establish a coordinate system and convert the UAV's grid code into coordinates
  • Minkowski difference set calculation module used to calculate the Minkowski difference set of two volumes using the GJK distance algorithm
  • the UAV conflict determination module is used to determine whether the UAV conflicts based on the Minkowski difference set.
  • This embodiment also provides a storage medium that stores a computer program or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are run, the UAV conflict detection method of the airspace digital grid is implemented.
  • the device and the terminal device may also be separate terminal devices, and the device may be connected to the terminal device through a wired and/or wireless network, and transmit interactive information according to an agreed data format.
  • the present invention provides a UAV conflict detection method based on airspace digital grid, including: establishing an airspace discrete grid model; constructing grid coding rules and the conversion relationship between longitude and latitude coordinates and grid coding ; Establish a UAV safety protection zone to express the UAV in the airspace as a grid; establish a coordinate system to convert the UAV's grid code into coordinates; use the GJK algorithm to calculate the Minkowski difference set of the two volumes; based on Minkowski difference set determines whether the drones are in conflict.
  • the present invention provides an airspace digital grid UAV conflict detection method, device and storage medium. There are many methods and ways to specifically implement this technical solution. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for this technology Those of ordinary skill in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented using existing technologies.

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Abstract

本发明提供了空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法、装置和存储介质,包括:建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与网格编码的转换关系;建立无人机安全保护区对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标;利用GJK算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。通过将空域栅格编码与GJK算法进行结合,与传统成对坐标运算相比可以有效降低冲突探测复杂度,节约大量计算时间,有效提高无人机冲突探测效率,以满足空域内无人机快速实时的冲突探测需求。

Description

空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法、装置和存储介质 技术领域
本发明涉及航空领域,具体涉及空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法、装置和存储介质。
背景技术
近年来,随着无人机规模数量急剧增加,无人机领域的研究得到空前发展。与传统的载人飞行器相比,无人机由于人机分离,具有成本低、性价比高、使用方便和机动性高等优点。随着无人机数量急剧增加,低空空域日渐拥堵,如何对低空空域内无人机冲突进行高效检测,是制约无人机安全飞行的关键问题。
传统的冲突探测方法可用于低空空域运行下的无人机冲突探测,通过计算各航迹点的位置之间的距离判断是否存在冲突。无人机航迹随着无人机数目的增多,且涉及的空域范围较大的情况下,如果采用传统冲突探测的方法,根据无人机的运行特性和体积,在经纬度坐标下运算不能达到很高的精度,且计算复杂度很高,会降低冲突探测的效率,造成算法运算时间过长甚至无法有效探测到冲突,难以满足无人机冲突探测的要求。
空域网格化是指通过栅格化的方法,建立空域网格单元剖分方法,构建基于网络索引的空域系统数据分析,开展空域性能相关研究的一种离散化空域的方法。目前研究证明,基于网格的冲突检测算法可以大幅提高冲突检测效率,但是,研究大部分没有整合网格化空域的数据信息空间,仅通过应用层面采用网格化方法,且提出的网格剖分方法并未针对具体的运行环境进行建模。
因此如何构建面向低空空域环境,设计网格编码提高无人机冲突探测效率,是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法,包括:
建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;
构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系;
建立无人机安全保护区对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;
建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标;
利用GJK(Gilbert-Johnson-Keerthi)距离算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;
依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。
进一步的,所述建立空域离散剖分栅格模型包括如下步骤:
步骤1,对地球经纬度空间进行三次拓展,将地理空间扩展为东西512°和南北512°、将1°拓展为64′、将1′拓展为64″;
步骤2,基于地理空间经纬度进行球面递归网格划分,将平面逐级进行度、分、秒三个层级剖分,将地球球面划分为8级递归网格,划分至最小边长为1″的体块;
步骤3,高度独立于球面划分,根据高度基准面的不同,可分为真高、场面气压高度、修正海平面气压高度、标准大气压高度,进行高度表达,以X 1(一般取值为30m)为粒度进行向上拓展。
进一步的,所述构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系包括:
编码包括平面编码和高度编码,平面编码和高度编码均采取“Z”形编码,“度”级体块编码用d表示;“分”级体块编码用m表示;“秒”级体块编码用s表示,将平面编码和高度编码相结合形成空域网格系统三维编码。
进一步的,所述建立无人机安全保护区包括:
根据无人机的运行性能建立无人机安全保护区,保护区的横向间隔与纵向间隔为D hor,垂向间隔为D ver,根据保护区大小选取合适粒度的网格。根据无人机的分类标准,一般民用消费级无人机属于微型无人机,对应第8层级网格粒度,第6、7级网格分别对应中型无人机和小型无人机大小,故以第6、7、8层级网格可表示绝大部分无人机。若部分无人机尺寸特殊,无法直接用一个栅格代表,可采用多个网格进行组合表达。
进一步的,对空域内无人机进行网格化表达方法包括:
网格化表达可以通过网格组合或独立对目标物体进行表达。首先只用一个立方体对无人机进行表示,Point表示一个立方体信息,建立如下点对象表达模型:
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000001
式中,
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000002
表示点对象所在位置的纬度、经度和高度。
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000003
表示在该经纬高度下,剖分层级为n的体块。在计算机存储以及运算的过程中,利用
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000004
表示点对象;
然后用一些连续立方体对无人机的路径进行表示,Line表示无人机飞行轨迹,建立如下线对象表达模型:
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000005
当无人机或障碍物体无法用一个立方体表示时,用两个以上小网格进行堆积表示不规则形状物体,Space表示通过两个以上立方体堆积形成的物体,建立如下体对象表达模型:
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000006
针对当前的无人机检测对象,将从机载ADS-B(ADS-B系统是广播式自动相关监视系统的简称)设备或者地面站获取的飞行经纬度和高度信息进行编码转换,公式如下:
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000008
Code Alt=Alt/x 1
其中,经度编码、纬度编码和高度编码分别用Code Lon、Code Lat和Code Alt表示,n表示编码层级,gridsize n表示第n层级网格粒度大小,Lon d、Lon m和Lon s分别表示经度坐标中的度、分、秒,高度层级按x 1为粒度向上拓展单独编码。
进一步的所述建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标包括:
对空域内无人机进行网格化表达后,将无人机以及其航迹点置于网格坐标系中, 将经纬度坐标转化为直角坐标整数运算。
进一步的,所述利用GJK算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集包括:
使用GJK算法计算两个凸体之间的距离,物体A和物体B之间的距离由d(A,B)表示,由下式定义:
d(A,B)=min||x-y||:x∈A,y∈B;
其中x和y分别表示物体A中的点和物体B中的点;物体A和B都是立方体;
物体A和B之间距离最近的两个点a∈A和b∈B满足||a-b||=d(A,B);
闵可夫斯基差集是物体A的所有点和物体B的所有点的差值构成的点集合,如下表示:
M(A,B)=x-y:x∈A,y∈B;
M(A,B)表示立方体A和B的闵可夫斯基差集;
物体A和B之间的距离用闵可夫斯基差集表示,描述方式如下:
d(A,B)=min||M(A,B)||=min||x-y||:x∈A,y∈B。
进一步的,所述依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突包括:将无人机之间的距离转化为无人机之间的闵可夫斯基差,通过判断差集是否包含原点来确定两物体是否发生碰撞,两个无人机距离越大,则差集的中心位置离原点越远,反之离原点越近。如果无人机体块发生碰撞,则差集多边形会包含原点。
本发明还提供了空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测装置,包括:
空域离散剖分栅格模型建立模块,用于,建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;
转换关系构建模块,用于,构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系;
网格化表达模块,用于,建立无人机安全保护区,对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;
坐标转换模块,用于,建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标;
闵可夫斯基差集计算模块,用于利用GJK距离算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;
无人机冲突判定模块,用于,依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。
本发明还提供了一种存储介质,存储有计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被运行时,实现所述的空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法。
本发明的有益效果是,本发明提供了一种基于空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法。基于空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法包括:建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与网格编码的转换关系;建立无人机安全保护区对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标;利用GJK算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。通过将空域栅格编码与GJK算法进行结合,与传统成对坐标运算相比可以有效降低冲突探测复杂度,节约大量计算时间,有效提高无人机冲突探测效率,以满足空域内无人机快速实时的冲突探测需求。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做更进一步的具体说明,本发明的上述和/或其他方面的优点将会变得更加清楚。
图1是本发明提供的基于空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法的流程图。
图2是网格拓展示意图。
图3是剖分层级划分示意图。
图4是闵可夫斯基差集距离转换示意图。
图5是三个相同类型的无人机A、B、C表示为三个第8层级栅格大小的立方体的示意图。
图6是A与B的闵可夫斯基差结果示意图。
图7是A与C的闵可夫斯基差结果示意图。
图8冲突探测时间比较
具体实施方式
实施例
如图1所示,本发明提供了一种基于空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法。基于模糊C均值聚类的空中交通区域划分方法包括以下步骤:
S110:建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;
S120:构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系;
S130:建立无人机安全保护区对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;
S140:建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标;
S150:利用GJK算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;
S160:依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。
在本实施例中,步骤S110包括:对地球进行球面剖分和高度剖分,进行递归网格划分,针对低空空域的运行特点,分析空域网格化方法的需求,构建离散化的网格化空域并建立数字化模型的网格剖分。
S111:对地球经纬度空间进行三次拓展,将地理空间扩展为东西512°和南北512°、将1°拓展为64′、将1′拓展为64″,如图2所示;
S112:基于地理空间经纬度进行球面递归网格划分,将平面逐级进行“度-分-秒”三个层级剖分,将地球球面划分为8级递归网格,划分至最小边长为1″的体块,如表1所示;
S113:高度独立于球面划分,根据高度基准面的不同,可分为真高、场面气压高度、修正海平面气压高度、标准大气压高度,以30m为粒度进行向上拓展。
在本实施例中,步骤S120包括以下步骤:编码分为平面编码和高度编码两部分,平面编码和高度编码均采取“Z”形编码,“度”级体块编码用d表示;“分”级体块编码用m表示;“秒”级体块编码用s表示,将平面编码和高度编码相结合形成空域网格系统三维编码。
表1
剖分层级 网格大小 赤道附近大致尺度
第一级 15°×15° 1669km
第二级 1°×1° 111km
第三级 30'×30' 56km
第四级 10'×10' 9km
第五级 1'×1' 1km
第六级 6"×6" 0.2km
第七级 3"×3" 0.1km
第八级 1"×1" 0.03km
在本实施例中,步骤S130包括以下步骤:
S131:根据无人机的运行性能建立无人机安全保护区,横向间隔与纵向间隔为D hor,垂向间隔为D ver,根据保护区大小选取合适粒度的网格。
S132:建立点对象表达模型:
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000009
式中,
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000010
表示点对象所在位置的纬度、经度和高度。
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000011
表示在该经纬高度下,剖分层级为n的体块,如图3所示,根据无人机的分类标准,一般民用消费级无人机属于微型无人机,对应第8层级网格粒度,第6、7级网格分别对应中型无人机和小型无人机大小,故以第6、7、8层级网格可表示绝大部分无人机。若部分无人机尺寸特殊,无法直接用一个栅格代表,可采用多个网格进行组合表达。
在计算机存储以及运算的过程中,利用
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000012
表示点对象;
S133:建立线对象表达模型:
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000013
S134:建立体对象表达模型:
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000014
针对当前的无人机检测对象,将从机载ADS-B设备或者地面站获取的飞行经纬度和高度信息进行编码转换,公式如下:
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-000016
Code Alt=Alt/x 1
其中,经度编码、纬度编码和高度编码分别用Code Lon、Code Lat和Code Alt表示,n表示编码层级,gridsize n表示第n层级网格粒度大小,Lon d、Lon m和Lon s分别表示经 度坐标中的度、分、秒,高度层级按x 1为粒度向上拓展单独编码。
在本实施例中,步骤S140包括:将空域进行网格化表达后,将无人机以及其航迹点置于网格坐标系中,将经纬度坐标转化为直角坐标整数运算。
在本实施例中,步骤S150包括:
S151:GJK算法计算两个凸体之间的距离,物体A和B之间的距离由d(A,B)表示,由下式定义:
d(A,B)=min||x-y||:x∈A,y∈B
物体A和B之间距离最近的两个点a∈A和b∈B满足||a-b||=d(A,B);
S152:闵可夫斯基差集是物体A的所有点和物体B的所有点的差值构成的点集合,可以如下表示:
M(A,B)=x-y:x∈A,y∈B;
S153:物体A和B之间的距离可以用闵可夫斯基差集表示,如图4所示,描述方式如下:
d(A,B)=min||M(A,B)||=min||x-y||:x∈A,y∈B。
在本实施例中,步骤S160包括:将无人机之间的距离转化为两者的闵可夫斯基差,通过判断差集是否包含原点来确定两物体是否发生碰撞,两个无人机距离越大,则差集的中心位置离原点越远,反之离原点越近。如果无人机体块发生碰撞,则差集多边形会包含原点。当且仅当两个立方体的闵可夫斯基差集M(A,B)包含原点时,无人机A和B发生碰撞。将三个相同类型的无人机A、B、C表示为三个第8层级栅格大小的立方体,如图5所示,A和B接触,C和A、B远离,将算法迭代次数设置为5000次,因此得到的闵可夫斯基差集中包含5000个点,将这些元素点置于坐标中显示,A与B、A与C的闵可夫斯基差结果如图6和图7所示,直观展示出了闵可夫斯基差集与原点的关系。如图6所示,原点位于立方体A与B生成的闵可夫斯基差集内部,原点位于差集内部则表明二者发生冲突;而立方体A与C不存在冲突,则原点位于两者的闵可夫斯基差集外部,如图7所示。对本发明方法的冲突探测时间进行分析,采用三种不同大小的无人机,以第6、7、8级网格粒度作为三种不同类型无人机立方体表征,实 验选取了3架中型无人机,3架小型无人机,14架微型无人机共20架无人机,同样以第8层级编码生成1km×1km×0.6km网格化空域环境进行实验,并记录了一段时间内两种算法的平均冲突检测时间,结果如图8所示。随着无人机数量的增加,传统三维坐标系下成对计算无人机之间的欧氏距离冲突探测方法的冲突探测时间呈近指数增长,基于GJK的冲突探测方法增长呈线性增长,增长趋势较为缓慢,显示出本发明方法的高效性。
本实施例还提供了空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测装置,包括:
空域离散剖分栅格模型建立模块,用于,建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;
转换关系构建模块,用于,构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系;
网格化表达模块,用于,建立无人机安全保护区,对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;
坐标转换模块,用于,建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标;
闵可夫斯基差集计算模块,用于利用GJK距离算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;
无人机冲突判定模块,用于,依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。
本实施例还提供了一种存储介质,存储有计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被运行时,实现所述的空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法。
如上所述,根据本申请实施例的装置,可以实现在各种终端设备中,例如分布式计算系统的服务器。在一个示例中,根据本申请实施例的装置可以作为一个软件模块和/或硬件模块而集成到所述终端设备中。例如,该装置可以是该终端设备的操作系统中的一个软件模块,或者可以是针对于该终端设备所开发的一个应用程序;当然,该装置同样可以是该终端设备的众多硬件模块之一。
替换地,在另一示例中,该装置与终端设备也可以是分立的终端设备,并且该装置可以通过有线和/或无线网络连接到该终端设备,并且按照约定的数据格式来传输交互信息。
综上所述,本发明提供了一种基于空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法,包括:建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与网格编码的转换关系;建立无人机安全保护区对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;建立坐标系将无人机的网格 编码转化为坐标;利用GJK算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。通过将空域栅格编码与GJK算法进行结合,与传统成对坐标运算相比可以有效降低冲突探测复杂度,节约大量计算时间,有效提高无人机冲突探测效率,以满足空域内无人机快速实时的冲突探测需求。
本发明提供了空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法、装置和存储介质,具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (10)

  1. 空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法,其特征在于,包括:
    建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;
    构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系;
    建立无人机安全保护区,对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;
    建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标;
    利用GJK距离算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;
    依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述建立空域离散剖分栅格模型包括如下步骤:
    步骤1,对地球经纬度空间进行三次拓展,将地理空间扩展为东西512°和南北512°、将1°拓展为64′、将1′拓展为64″;
    步骤2,基于地理空间经纬度进行球面递归网格划分,将平面逐级进行度、分、秒三个层级剖分,将地球球面划分为8级递归网格,划分至最小边长为1″的体块;
    步骤3,高度独立于球面划分,根据高度基准面的不同,进行高度表达,以X 1为粒度进行向上拓展。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系包括:
    编码包括平面编码和高度编码,平面编码和高度编码均采取Z形编码,度级体块编码用d表示;分级体块编码用m表示;秒级体块编码用s表示,将平面编码和高度编码相结合形成空域网格系统三维编码。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述建立无人机安全保护区包括:
    根据无人机的运行性能建立无人机安全保护区,保护区的横向间隔与纵向间隔为D hor,垂向间隔为D ver,根据保护区大小选取合适粒度的网格。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对空域内无人机进行网格化表达包括:
    首先只用一个立方体对无人机进行表示,Point表示一个立方体信息,建立如下点对象表达模型:
    Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-100001
    式中,θ,
    Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-100002
    h分别表示点对象所在位置的纬度、经度和高度;
    Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-100003
    表示在θ,
    Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-100004
    h所在的经纬高度下,剖分层级为n的体块;用
    Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-100005
    表示点对象;
    然后用连续立方体对无人机的路径进行表示,Line表示无人机飞行轨迹,建立如下线对象表达模型:
    Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-100006
    当无人机或障碍物体无法用一个立方体表示时,用两个以上小网格进行堆积表示不规则形状物体,Space表示通过两个以上立方体堆积形成的物体,建立如下体对象表达模型:
    Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-100007
    针对当前的无人机检测对象,将从机载ADS-B设备或者地面站获取的飞行经纬度和高度信息进行编码转换,公式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2022104396-appb-100009
    Code Alt=Alt/x 1
    其中,经度编码、纬度编码和高度编码分别用Code Lon、Code Lat和Code Alt表示,n表示编码层级,gridsize n表示第n层级网格粒度大小,Lon d、Lon m和Lon s分别表示经度坐标中的度、分、秒,高度层级按x 1为粒度向上拓展单独编码。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标包括:对空域内无人机进行网格化表达后,将无人机以及其航迹点置于网格坐标系中,将经纬度坐标转化为直角坐标整数运算。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述利用GJK算法计算两个体块的 闵可夫斯基差集包括:
    使用GJK算法计算两个凸体之间的距离,物体A和物体B之间的距离由d(A,B)表示,由下式定义:
    d(A,B)=min||x-y||:x∈A,y∈B;
    其中x和y分别表示物体A中的点和物体B中的点;
    物体A和物体B之间距离最近的两个点a∈A和b∈B满足||a-b||=d(A,B);
    闵可夫斯基差集是物体A的所有点和物体B的所有点的差值构成的点集合,如下表示:
    M(A,B)=x-y:x∈A,y∈B;
    M(A,B)表示立方体A和B的闵可夫斯基差集;
    物体A和B之间的距离用闵可夫斯基差集表示,描述方式如下:
    d(A,B)=min||M(A,B)||=min||x-y||:x∈A,y∈B。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突包括:将无人机之间的距离转化为无人机之间的闵可夫斯基差,通过判断差集是否包含原点来确定两物体是否发生碰撞。
  9. 空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测装置,其特征在于,包括:
    空域离散剖分栅格模型建立模块,用于,建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;
    转换关系构建模块,用于,构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系;
    网格化表达模块,用于,建立无人机安全保护区,对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;
    坐标转换模块,用于,建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标;
    闵可夫斯基差集计算模块,用于利用GJK距离算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;
    无人机冲突判定模块,用于,依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。
  10. 一种存储介质,其特征在于,存储有计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被运行时,实现如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。
PCT/CN2022/104396 2022-07-07 2022-07-07 空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法、装置和存储介质 Ceased WO2024007256A1 (zh)

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