WO2024007256A1 - 空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法、装置和存储介质 - Google Patents
空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法、装置和存储介质 Download PDFInfo
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/20—Instruments for performing navigational calculations
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- G06F2119/02—Reliability analysis or reliability optimisation; Failure analysis, e.g. worst case scenario performance, failure mode and effects analysis [FMEA]
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- the invention relates to the field of aviation, and in particular to methods, devices and storage media for UAV conflict detection in airspace digital grids.
- the traditional conflict detection method can be used for UAV conflict detection in low-altitude airspace operations. It determines whether there is a conflict by calculating the distance between the positions of each track point. As the number of UAVs increases and the airspace involved is larger, if the traditional conflict detection method is used, the operation characteristics and volume of the UAVs cannot be achieved based on the longitude and latitude coordinates. The high accuracy and high computational complexity will reduce the efficiency of conflict detection, causing the algorithm to take too long to calculate and even fail to effectively detect conflicts, making it difficult to meet the requirements for UAV conflict detection.
- Airspace gridding refers to a method of discretizing airspace that uses rasterization to establish an airspace grid unit division method, construct airspace system data analysis based on network indexes, and carry out airspace performance-related research.
- Current research has proven that grid-based conflict detection algorithms can greatly improve conflict detection efficiency.
- most of the research does not integrate the data information space of the gridded airspace, and only uses gridding methods at the application level, and the proposed grid profile The sub-methods do not model specific operating environments.
- the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a UAV conflict detection method for airspace digital grid in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, including:
- establishing the airspace discrete subdivision grid model includes the following steps:
- Step 1 Expand the earth’s longitude and latitude space three times, extending the geographical space to 512° east-west and 512° north-south, extending 1° to 64′, and extending 1′ to 64′′;
- Step 2 Carry out spherical recursive meshing based on the longitude and latitude of the geographical space.
- the plane is divided into three levels: degrees, minutes and seconds.
- the earth's spherical surface is divided into 8-level recursive meshes until the minimum side length is 1". body mass;
- Step 3 The height is independent of the spherical division. According to the difference of the height datum, it can be divided into true height, surface pressure height, corrected sea level pressure height, and standard atmospheric pressure height.
- the height is expressed as X 1 (generally the value is 30m) Expand upwards for granularity.
- raster coding rules and the conversion relationship between latitude and longitude coordinates and coding includes:
- Coding includes plane coding and height coding. Both plane coding and height coding adopt “Z"-shaped coding. "Degree" level body block coding is represented by d; "minute” level body block coding is represented by m; "second” level body block coding is represented by Represented by s, plane coding and height coding are combined to form a three-dimensional coding of the spatial grid system.
- the establishment of a UAV safety protection zone includes:
- UAV safety protection zone based on the operating performance of the UAV.
- the horizontal and vertical intervals of the protection zone are D hor , and the vertical spacing is D ver .
- a grid with appropriate granularity is selected according to the size of the protection zone.
- general civilian consumer UAVs are micro UAVs, which correspond to the 8th level of grid granularity.
- the 6th and 7th level grids correspond to the sizes of medium-sized UAVs and small UAVs respectively. Therefore, Most drones can be represented by level 6, 7, and 8 grids. If some drones have special sizes and cannot be directly represented by one grid, multiple grids can be used for combined expression.
- grid expression methods for UAVs in the airspace include:
- Mesh expression can express the target object through mesh combination or independently. First, only a cube is used to represent the drone. Point represents a cube information. The following point object expression model is established:
- Line represents the flight trajectory of the drone
- line object expression model
- the flight latitude, longitude and altitude information obtained from the airborne ADS-B (ADS-B system is the abbreviation of Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcasting System) equipment or ground station is coded and converted.
- ADS-B system is the abbreviation of Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcasting System
- ground station is coded and converted. The formula is as follows:
- longitude coding, latitude coding and height coding are represented by Code Lon , Code Lat and Code Alt respectively
- n represents the coding level
- gridsize n represents the nth level grid granularity size
- Lon d , Lon m and Lon s represent the longitude coordinates respectively.
- Degrees, minutes, seconds, and height levels are individually coded according to x 1 as the granularity expands upward.
- the UAV and its track points are placed in the grid coordinate system, and the longitude and latitude coordinates are converted into Cartesian coordinate integer operations.
- the distance between object A and object B is represented by d(A,B) and is defined by the following formula:
- the Minkowski difference set is a point set composed of the differences between all points of object A and all points of object B, as shown below:
- M(A,B) represents the Minkowski difference set of cubes A and B;
- Minkowski difference set which is described as follows:
- the step of determining whether the drones collide based on the Minkowski difference set includes: converting the distance between the drones into the Minkowski difference between the drones, and determining whether the difference set contains the origin. Whether two objects collide, the greater the distance between the two drones, the farther the center of the difference set is from the origin, and vice versa. If the drone volumes collide, the difference polygon contains the origin.
- the present invention also provides a UAV conflict detection device for airspace digital grid, including:
- the conversion relationship building module is used to construct the conversion relationship between raster coding rules and longitude and latitude coordinates and coding;
- Minkowski difference set calculation module used to calculate the Minkowski difference set of two volumes using the GJK distance algorithm
- the present invention also provides a storage medium that stores computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are run, the UAV conflict detection method of the airspace digital grid is implemented.
- the beneficial effect of the present invention is that it provides a UAV conflict detection method based on an airspace digital grid.
- the UAV conflict detection method based on the airspace digital grid includes: establishing a discrete grid model of the airspace; constructing the grid coding rules and the conversion relationship between the longitude and latitude coordinates and the grid coding; establishing a UAV safety protection zone to protect the unmanned aerial vehicle in the airspace.
- Human-machine grid expression a coordinate system is established to convert the grid code of the drone into coordinates; the GJK algorithm is used to calculate the Minkowski difference set of the two blocks; the Minkowski difference set is used to determine whether the drone conflicts. .
- Figure 2 is a diagram showing the grid topology.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of Minkowski difference set distance conversion.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the Minkowski difference results between A and B.
- the present invention provides a UAV conflict detection method based on airspace digital grid.
- the air traffic area division method based on fuzzy C-means clustering includes the following steps:
- S120 Construct raster coding rules and the conversion relationship between latitude and longitude coordinates and coding
- S111 Expand the earth’s longitude and latitude space three times, extending the geographical space to 512° east-west and 512° north-south, extending 1° to 64′, and extending 1′ to 64′′, as shown in Figure 2;
- S112 Carry out spherical recursive meshing based on the longitude and latitude of geographical space, divide the plane into three levels of "degrees-minutes-seconds", and divide the earth's spherical surface into an 8-level recursive mesh until the minimum side length is 1" body block, as shown in Table 1;
- Height is independent of the spherical surface. According to the difference of the height datum, it can be divided into true height, surface pressure height, corrected sea level pressure height, and standard atmospheric pressure height. It can be expanded upward with a granularity of 30m.
- step S120 includes the following steps: encoding is divided into two parts: plane encoding and height encoding. Both plane encoding and height encoding adopt “Z"-shaped encoding. "Degree" level body block encoding is represented by d; "minute” Level block coding is represented by m; “second” level block coding is represented by s. The plane coding and height coding are combined to form a three-dimensional coding of the spatial grid system.
- Dissection level grid size Approximate scale near the equator first level 15° ⁇ 15° 1669km second level 1° ⁇ 1° 111km Level 3 30' ⁇ 30' 56km Level 4 10' ⁇ 10' 9km Level 5 1' ⁇ 1' 1km Level 6 6" ⁇ 6" 0.2km Level 7 3" ⁇ 3" 0.1km Level 8 1" ⁇ 1" 0.03km
- step S130 includes the following steps:
- S131 Establish a UAV safety protection zone based on the operating performance of the UAV.
- the horizontal and vertical intervals are D hor , and the vertical spacing is D ver .
- general civilian consumer drones are micro drones, corresponding to the 8th level grid.
- the 6th and 7th level grids correspond to the sizes of medium-sized UAVs and small UAVs respectively, so the 6th, 7th and 8th level grids can represent most UAVs. If some drones have special sizes and cannot be directly represented by one grid, multiple grids can be used for combined expression.
- the flight latitude, longitude and altitude information obtained from the airborne ADS-B equipment or ground station are coded and converted.
- the formula is as follows:
- longitude coding, latitude coding and height coding are represented by Code Lon , Code Lat and Code Alt respectively
- n represents the coding level
- gridsize n represents the nth level grid granularity size
- Lon d , Lon m and Lon s represent the longitude coordinates respectively.
- Degrees, minutes, seconds, and height levels are individually coded according to x 1 as the granularity expands upward.
- step S140 includes: after expressing the airspace into a grid, placing the drone and its track points in the grid coordinate system, and converting the longitude and latitude coordinates into rectangular coordinate integer operations.
- step S150 includes:
- the GJK algorithm calculates the distance between two convex bodies.
- the distance between objects A and B is represented by d(A,B) and is defined by the following formula:
- the Minkowski difference set is a point set composed of the differences between all points of object A and all points of object B. It can be expressed as follows:
- step S160 includes: converting the distance between the UAVs into the Minkowski difference between the two, and determining whether the two objects collide by judging whether the difference set contains the origin. If the value is large, the center position of the difference set is further away from the origin, and vice versa, the center position is closer to the origin. If the drone volumes collide, the difference polygon contains the origin. Drones A and B collide if and only if the Minkowski difference set M(A,B) of the two cubes contains the origin. Three drones A, B, and C of the same type are represented as three 8th-level grid-sized cubes, as shown in Figure 5. A and B are in contact, and C is far away from A and B.
- the Minkowski difference set obtained contains 5000 points. These element points are placed in coordinates and displayed.
- the Minkowski difference results of A and B, A and C are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, which are intuitive Shows the relationship between the Minkowski difference set and the origin.
- the origin is located inside the Minkovsky difference set generated by cubes A and B. If the origin is located inside the difference set, it means that the two conflict; while there is no conflict between cubes A and C, the origin is located in the Minkovsky difference set of the two cubes. Outside the basis set, as shown in Figure 7.
- This embodiment also provides a UAV conflict detection device for airspace digital grid, including:
- the grid expression module is used to establish a UAV safety protection zone and perform grid expression for UAVs in the airspace;
- the coordinate conversion module is used to establish a coordinate system and convert the UAV's grid code into coordinates
- Minkowski difference set calculation module used to calculate the Minkowski difference set of two volumes using the GJK distance algorithm
- the UAV conflict determination module is used to determine whether the UAV conflicts based on the Minkowski difference set.
- This embodiment also provides a storage medium that stores a computer program or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are run, the UAV conflict detection method of the airspace digital grid is implemented.
- the device and the terminal device may also be separate terminal devices, and the device may be connected to the terminal device through a wired and/or wireless network, and transmit interactive information according to an agreed data format.
- the present invention provides a UAV conflict detection method based on airspace digital grid, including: establishing an airspace discrete grid model; constructing grid coding rules and the conversion relationship between longitude and latitude coordinates and grid coding ; Establish a UAV safety protection zone to express the UAV in the airspace as a grid; establish a coordinate system to convert the UAV's grid code into coordinates; use the GJK algorithm to calculate the Minkowski difference set of the two volumes; based on Minkowski difference set determines whether the drones are in conflict.
- the present invention provides an airspace digital grid UAV conflict detection method, device and storage medium. There are many methods and ways to specifically implement this technical solution. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for this technology Those of ordinary skill in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented using existing technologies.
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Abstract
Description
| 剖分层级 | 网格大小 | 赤道附近大致尺度 |
| 第一级 | 15°×15° | 1669km |
| 第二级 | 1°×1° | 111km |
| 第三级 | 30'×30' | 56km |
| 第四级 | 10'×10' | 9km |
| 第五级 | 1'×1' | 1km |
| 第六级 | 6"×6" | 0.2km |
| 第七级 | 3"×3" | 0.1km |
| 第八级 | 1"×1" | 0.03km |
Claims (10)
- 空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测方法,其特征在于,包括:建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系;建立无人机安全保护区,对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标;利用GJK距离算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述建立空域离散剖分栅格模型包括如下步骤:步骤1,对地球经纬度空间进行三次拓展,将地理空间扩展为东西512°和南北512°、将1°拓展为64′、将1′拓展为64″;步骤2,基于地理空间经纬度进行球面递归网格划分,将平面逐级进行度、分、秒三个层级剖分,将地球球面划分为8级递归网格,划分至最小边长为1″的体块;步骤3,高度独立于球面划分,根据高度基准面的不同,进行高度表达,以X 1为粒度进行向上拓展。
- 如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系包括:编码包括平面编码和高度编码,平面编码和高度编码均采取Z形编码,度级体块编码用d表示;分级体块编码用m表示;秒级体块编码用s表示,将平面编码和高度编码相结合形成空域网格系统三维编码。
- 如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述建立无人机安全保护区包括:根据无人机的运行性能建立无人机安全保护区,保护区的横向间隔与纵向间隔为D hor,垂向间隔为D ver,根据保护区大小选取合适粒度的网格。
- 如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对空域内无人机进行网格化表达包括:首先只用一个立方体对无人机进行表示,Point表示一个立方体信息,建立如下点对象表达模型:然后用连续立方体对无人机的路径进行表示,Line表示无人机飞行轨迹,建立如下线对象表达模型:当无人机或障碍物体无法用一个立方体表示时,用两个以上小网格进行堆积表示不规则形状物体,Space表示通过两个以上立方体堆积形成的物体,建立如下体对象表达模型:针对当前的无人机检测对象,将从机载ADS-B设备或者地面站获取的飞行经纬度和高度信息进行编码转换,公式如下:Code Alt=Alt/x 1其中,经度编码、纬度编码和高度编码分别用Code Lon、Code Lat和Code Alt表示,n表示编码层级,gridsize n表示第n层级网格粒度大小,Lon d、Lon m和Lon s分别表示经度坐标中的度、分、秒,高度层级按x 1为粒度向上拓展单独编码。
- 如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标包括:对空域内无人机进行网格化表达后,将无人机以及其航迹点置于网格坐标系中,将经纬度坐标转化为直角坐标整数运算。
- 如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述利用GJK算法计算两个体块的 闵可夫斯基差集包括:使用GJK算法计算两个凸体之间的距离,物体A和物体B之间的距离由d(A,B)表示,由下式定义:d(A,B)=min||x-y||:x∈A,y∈B;其中x和y分别表示物体A中的点和物体B中的点;物体A和物体B之间距离最近的两个点a∈A和b∈B满足||a-b||=d(A,B);闵可夫斯基差集是物体A的所有点和物体B的所有点的差值构成的点集合,如下表示:M(A,B)=x-y:x∈A,y∈B;M(A,B)表示立方体A和B的闵可夫斯基差集;物体A和B之间的距离用闵可夫斯基差集表示,描述方式如下:d(A,B)=min||M(A,B)||=min||x-y||:x∈A,y∈B。
- 如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突包括:将无人机之间的距离转化为无人机之间的闵可夫斯基差,通过判断差集是否包含原点来确定两物体是否发生碰撞。
- 空域数字化栅格的无人机冲突探测装置,其特征在于,包括:空域离散剖分栅格模型建立模块,用于,建立空域离散剖分栅格模型;转换关系构建模块,用于,构建栅格编码规则和经纬度坐标与编码的转换关系;网格化表达模块,用于,建立无人机安全保护区,对空域内无人机进行网格化表达;坐标转换模块,用于,建立坐标系将无人机的网格编码转化为坐标;闵可夫斯基差集计算模块,用于利用GJK距离算法计算两个体块的闵可夫斯基差集;无人机冲突判定模块,用于,依据闵可夫斯基差集判断无人机是否发生冲突。
- 一种存储介质,其特征在于,存储有计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被运行时,实现如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。
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