WO2024005667A1

WO2024005667A1 - Rotary-piston engine

Info

Publication number: WO2024005667A1
Application number: PCT/RU2023/000192
Authority: WO
Inventors: Юрий Михайлович ФИНК
Original assignee: Юрий Михайлович ФИНК
Priority date: 2022-07-01
Filing date: 2023-06-28
Publication date: 2024-01-04

Abstract

A rotary-piston internal combustion engine contains a stator, a rotor, and a synchronizing mechanism. The stator has a split spherical housing. The rotor is configured in the form of a drive shaft and a driven shaft that are equipped with four driving pistons and four driven pistons, respectively. The driving and driven pistons are in the shape of spherical wedges. The synchronizing mechanism is disposed outside the stator and comprises a fixed ring gear (12) and two planet gears (15). Arranged diametrically opposite one another inside the ring gear (12), the two planet gears (15) are connected by a first carrier (13) to the drive shaft of the rotor. A second carrier (14) is attached to the driven shaft of the rotor. Each of the ends of the second carrier (14) is connected by a rod (16) to a peripheral point (17) on a planet gear (15). The ratio of the number of teeth and the diameter of a planet gear to the number of teeth and the diameter of the ring gear is 1:4. The technical result consists in increasing the power and smoothness of the engine.

Description

FINKA ROTARY PISTON ENGINE

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in the manufacture of rotary piston internal combustion engines, in particular for automobile transport.

When developing rotary piston engines (RPEs), their advantage over conventional piston engines is taken into account in that they do not have a crankshaft, connecting rods or other hardware, which makes their design much simpler and lighter. VRPD does not convert reciprocating motion into rotational motion, which leads to low vibration levels. It has good dynamic characteristics.

The most famous is the design of the Wankel rotary piston engine, in which the rotor-piston is mounted with the possibility of rotation inside the stator housing. The Wankel engine is four-stroke, i.e. In one full revolution of the rotor, intake, compression, power stroke and exhaust occur. This engine, compared to traditional piston engines, has a number of advantages - it is much simpler in design, lighter, has good dynamic characteristics, and low vibration levels.

However, along with these advantages, this engine also has disadvantages. Due to the design features, the contact patch between the rotor and the housing walls is small, so it is difficult to ensure the required tightness of the working chamber, which ultimately leads to a deterioration in power characteristics. In addition, the known engine is prone to overheating, both due to the friction of rotating parts and due to the fact that the volume of the combustion chamber is directly adjacent to the inner surface of the housing. In this regard, there is a need to use special materials in overheated areas, as well as to resolve the issue of the cooling system.

There are a number of rotary piston engines in which the above disadvantages are partially eliminated (for example, RU 2251620 or RU 235839). In known designs, the issue of tightness of working chambers is resolved by using special gaskets, and a built-in cooling system is used to prevent overheating. However, such solutions lead to a more complex and expensive design and are not effective enough, since they do not provide sufficient power and smooth operation of the engine.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the power and smooth running of the engine, while simultaneously simplifying the design and reducing its cost.

The stated technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a rotary piston internal combustion engine, including a stator, a rotor and a synchronization mechanism, the stator is a split spherical housing with at least two inlet and two outlet openings (windows), the rotor is two coaxial shafts located along the central axis of the housing - a driving and a driven one, equipped with at least 4 driving and 4 driven pistons rigidly mounted on them, respectively, while the driven and driven pistons have the shape of lobes of a ball formed by its meridional secant planes, with the driving and driven pistons oriented inside the housing around its central axis in an alternating sequence, with the possibility of forming working chambers between the side surfaces of adjacent lobes. In this case, the synchronization mechanism is located outside the housing (stator) and includes a fixed crown gear, inside of which two satellite gears are located diametrically opposite, connected through the first carrier to the rotor drive shaft, and the second carrier is fixed to the rotor driven shaft, with each of the ends of the second The carrier is connected by a rod to the peripheral point of the corresponding satellite gear, and the number of teeth and diameter of the satellite gear relates to the number of teeth and diameter of the crown gear as 1:4.

In the preferred embodiment, each of the coaxial shafts (drive and driven) is made with pistons placed on it as a single part, i.e. along with the pistons.

Symmetrical recesses can be made on the side surfaces of adjacent pistons (lobes), which will increase the volume of the working chambers. In a preferred embodiment, the engine may be equipped with at least two spark plugs and/or two injectors.

The declared engine can run on gasoline, diesel fuel, etc. In this case, the design is supplemented with spark plugs in the case of a gasoline engine.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated with graphic materials reflecting the preferred design embodiment of the proposed device (a version of a gasoline-powered engine).

In FIG. 1 shows a general view from the outside of the claimed rotary piston engine;

In FIG. 2 - view of the synchronization mechanism;

In FIG. 3 - cross section of the engine;

In FIG. 4 - cross section of the engine in isometry;

In FIG. 5 - schematic representation of the engine operation by cycle using the example of one chamber;

In FIG. 6 - rotor with pistons;

In FIG. 7 - possible version of pistons with recesses;

The proposed rotary piston engine includes a stator in the form of a split housing 1 having a spherical shape, a rotor consisting of two coaxial shafts - drive shaft 2 and driven shaft 3, installed along the central axis of housing 1 with the possibility of rotation. Four pistons 4 and 5, respectively, are rigidly attached to each of these shafts and evenly distributed around the circumference of the shaft. Thus, the drive shaft 2 with pistons 4 and the driven shaft 3 with pistons 5, installed coaxially, together form the driving and driven parts of the rotor. Pistons 4 and 5 are shaped as separate lobes of a ball, formed by a section of the ball body by meridional planes. The pistons 4 of the drive shaft 2 are located inside the housing 1 in such a way that they alternate with the pistons 5 of the driven shaft 3, and their spherical surface faces the inner wall of the housing 1. In total, eight pistons are installed inside the housing 1 (4 driving and 4 driven), their the dimensions are selected in such a way that working chambers are formed between the side surfaces of adjacent pistons 4 and 5 6. Moreover, to increase the working volume of the chambers 6, on the adjacent side surfaces of the pistons (lobes) 4 and 5, respectively, recesses (recesses) 7 can be made. In the housing wall there are diametrically opposite inlet holes 8, intended for supplying fuel and air, and also diametrically opposite outlets 9 for exhaust gases (exhaust).

The claimed design involves the use of two spark plugs 10, each of which is installed at the bottom dead center of the corresponding compression zone. The bottom dead center (BDC) of the compression zone refers to the place where the compression zone ends, after which the power stroke begins. The inlet of the finished fuel-air (combustible) mixture is carried out through the inlet ports 8. Another design option is also possible, which is more preferable, namely, the inlet ports 8 can be used to supply air, and the fuel supply (injection) is carried out through injectors 11, which are located closer to the bottom dead center of the compression zone, in close proximity to the spark plug 10.

Outside the housing 1 there is a synchronization mechanism, including a fixed crown gear 12, inside of which there are two carriers 13 and 1, mounted on the drive 2 and driven 3 shafts, respectively. At the ends of the carrier 13, satellite gears 15 are installed diametrically opposite, which mesh with the crown gear 12, and the ends of the carrier 14 are connected by means of a rod (connecting link) 16 to the peripheral points 17 of the corresponding satellite gears 15. In this case, the number of teeth of the satellite gear refers to the number of teeth crown gear as 1:4. And the diameter of the satellite gear is related to the diameter of the crown gear as 1:4.

Unlike well-known engines, the declared one, due to its design features, allows for one full rotation of the rotor to implement (implement) a much larger number of strokes (a total of 64 strokes), and therefore the smoothness of operation increases, while simultaneously increasing the engine power. In addition, the movement pattern of the rotor pistons provided by the synchronization mechanism allows the driven rotor pistons to make minor movements relative to the pistons of the main rotor, and, as a result, reduce overheating from friction of rotating parts. The walls of housing 1 will not overheat, since the main volume of the combustion chamber will be in the spaces between adjacent pistons with recesses on their side surfaces.

A sealing system is provided inside the housing to ensure the necessary tightness, however, this information is not disclosed in the materials of this application, since it is not within the scope of the applicant's claims.

The device works as follows. Air or a fuel-air mixture is supplied into engine chamber 6 through inlet 8 (depending on the design of this unit). Further, when the rotor rotates, the synchronization mechanism forces the driven and driven pistons of the rotor to move at certain angular velocities, while the distance between adjacent surfaces of the pistons increases until the volume of the chamber is filled with the inlet medium. This is followed by a compression stroke, during which the surfaces of adjacent pistons (lobes) of the rotor come together. At this moment, the compression zone approaches the place on the housing where the spark plug is located. In a preferred embodiment, a fuel injection nozzle can be installed in front of the spark plug in the direction of the pistons (in this case, only air is supplied through the intake window, and not a ready-made fuel-air mixture). Next, the combustible mixture ignites and the next stroke begins, during which the combustion products press on the surface of the rotor piston, resulting in the transfer of mechanical force to the driven rotor. The combustion products press with equal force on the surfaces of the rotor pistons, forcing them to move with a positive angular velocity relative to the engine body, since the synchronization mechanism ensures rotational motion of the rotor drive shaft with a constant angular velocity, and the driven rotor shaft with a variable one. During the final stroke - exhaust, the rotating rotor brings the adjacent surfaces of the pistons together and the exhaust gases are displaced through the exhaust hole. Four strokes are performed per half revolution, and eight strokes per full rotation of the rotor. This applies to the process in only one working chamber per full rotation of the rotor. Since there are only eight such cameras in the body volume, in one rotor revolution, the proposed design allows for a significant increase in the number of engine cycles (64 strokes).

The proposed design is quite compact, economical and has increased power characteristics and smooth running.

During operation of the device, the drive shaft 2 with pistons 4 moves at a constant angular speed, and the driven shaft 3 with pistons 5 rotates in the same direction as shaft 2, but with a variable angular speed, as a result of which the pistons 5 make uneven movement - sometimes they lag behind the pistons 4, sometimes they catch up with them, while the angular velocity is always positive relative to the stator (body 1), i.e. no reverse rotation occurs. The synchronization mechanism is adjusted (due to the specified ratio of the number of teeth of the crown and satellite gears and their diameters) in such a way that the pistons approach each other during the compression and exhaust stages, and at the inlet and during the power stroke the distance between adjacent pistons increases. During the power stroke, after ignition and combustion of the fuel-air mixture occurs, a mechanical accelerating force is applied to the driven rotor piston. In a Wankel engine, where only one power stroke is performed per full rotation of the rotor, mechanical force is applied to the rotor only once. The proposed design makes it possible to carry out such an impact on the piston many times during one full revolution of the rotor. Namely: the number of pistons on each of the rotor shafts (driver and driven) is a total of 8 pieces, and the pistons themselves are made in the form of spherical lobes, placed in a certain way in the space of a spherical body to form eight working chambers between adjacent surfaces of the pistons. The pistons perform angular movement in a certain order, provided by a special synchronization mechanism; in addition, two spark plugs are used, located diametrically opposite. All this together provides a 16-fold increase in working strokes (i.e. 64 strokes instead of 4, provided by known designs), and, therefore, the accelerating mechanical force acts on the pistons per revolution of the rotor not once, but sixteen times. At the same time, engine power increases significantly. Since during operation there are only small movements of the driven rotor relative to the driving one, the engine stroke becomes more smooth. With small relative movements, friction and overheating are reduced, which means the cooling system is simplified and the requirements for the selection of materials are reduced.

Each of the rotor shafts can be manufactured integrally with the pistons in the form of a single part, which simplifies the design and, accordingly, its cost.

As a result of the use in the claimed engine of the described combination of structural elements, their specific design and interrelation, it becomes possible to achieve a technical result consisting in increasing the power and smooth running of the engine, while simultaneously simplifying its design and reducing cost.

Claims

Claim

1. A rotary-piston internal combustion engine, including a stator, a rotor and a synchronization mechanism, wherein the stator is a split spherical housing with at least two inlet and two outlet openings, the rotor is two coaxial shafts located along the central axis of the housing - driving and driven, equipped with rigidly mounted on them, respectively, at least 4 driving and 4 driven pistons, while the driven and driven pistons have the shape of lobes of a ball formed by its meridional secant planes, and the leading and driven pistons are oriented inside the housing around its central axis in an alternating sequence, with the possibility of forming working chambers between the lateral surfaces of adjacent lobes, and the synchronization mechanism is located outside the stator and includes a fixed crown gear, inside which two satellite gears are located diametrically opposite, connected by means of the first carrier with the drive shaft of the rotor, and the second carrier is fixed on the driven shaft of the rotor, and each of the ends of the second carrier is connected by a rod to the peripheral point of the corresponding satellite gear, and the number of teeth and diameter of the satellite gear relate to the number of teeth and diameter of the crown gear as 1:4 .

2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that symmetrical recesses are made on the side surfaces of adjacent pistons.

3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with at least two spark plugs and/or two injectors.

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