WO2024003069A2

WO2024003069A2 - Method for dyeing polyester-containing textile material

Info

Publication number: WO2024003069A2
Application number: PCT/EP2023/067506
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yogesh E. BHOGE; Santosh SURVE; Rasika Chatterjee
Original assignee: Huntsman Textile Effects (Germany) Gmbh
Priority date: 2022-06-27
Filing date: 2023-06-27
Publication date: 2024-01-04
Also published as: WO2024003069A3; TW202407183A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for dyeing polyester-containing textile material, wherein the textile material is treated with a liquor containing at least one disperse dye, silicone oil and water, to dyed polyester-containing textile material obtained according to such a method, to a dye paste comprising at least one disperse dye and silicone oil and to the use of such a dye paste for dyeing polyester-containing textile material.

Description

Method for dyeing polyester-containing textile material

Description

Every year, dyeing and finishing of fabrics, consumes large amount of dyes and fresh water and further generates huge amount of waste effluent [see references 1 to 3].

This wastewater cause serious carcinogenic effects on aquatic biota and humans. To overcome this issue, new technologies with the aim of an increase in dye quality/fixation, reduce waste discharge have been engineered. In recent years, several modifications have been carried out in conventional polyester dyeing such as the use of supercritical carbon dioxide [4], vacuum sublimation dyeing [5] and organic solvent dyeing. All these dyeing methods have their own drawbacks and some practical limitations. In solvent dyeing technique the dye particles are to be completely soluble in solvent, which can overcome the problem of levelness, but the solubility reduces the dye uptake capacity. The second major challenge is recovery of solvent and handling of solvent because of the low flash point and low boiling point. In vacuum sublimation techniques the dye colors the fabric in gaseous state and it is difficult to control the dye sublimation rate which causes the levelness of dyeing. The supercritical CO₂ technique is carried out under very high pressure. Here, it is very important that the dye is dissolved in supercritical CO₂ and then transported to the fabric. The usually low solubility of the dye in supercritical CO₂ causes non uniformity of dyeing.

In the non-aqueous dyeing technique cooking oil [6] or D5 Medium [7] may be used as a dyeing medium for dyeing of cotton fabrics. In this process dye fixation is increased with the help of an external phase which reduces the pollutant discharged. No salt is usually required for that dyeing method. The technique also has some practical limitation when using cooking oil, hydrocarbons and D5 medium for dyeing. The saponification and rancidity found in cooking oils during the dyeing at high temperature and basic/acidic conditions. As there are handling and toxicological limitations in the use of hydrocarbons and D5 medium for dyeing, neutral oils seem a better option as a dyeing medium as compared to other mediums. Further there are challenges in removal of the oil from the fabric surface and the reusability.

Conventional dyeing processes for polyester fibers usually utilize a large amount of dyeing liquors includes fresh water with high liquor ratio. Further these processes are relatively time-consuming and associated with a considerable amount of liquid waste.

This leads to a potential hazard for the environment and high ETP process costs.

Water scarcity and increased environmental awareness created a need to develop and adopt water free dyeing technologies.

Moreover some of the prior art processes are and unfriendly in their handling and harmful to the environment and are further associated with practical limitations.

There is thus a need for overcoming the defect of the prior art.

In particular, there is a need for a dyeing method that results in good all-round fastness properties, such as, good fastness, to rubbing, to wetting, to wet rubbing, to washing, to water, to sea water and to perspiration. The washing fastness properties, especially, shall also be superior. It is further desirable, to reduce the total duration of dyeing process in order to save energy, in particular by enabling the recycling of the dyeing media. Further, the water consumption shall be reduced, in particular to about 5 to 10% compared to a conventional dyeing process.

It has now been surprisingly found, that a majority of water in a dyeing media for dyeing polyester can be replaced by silicone oil as a dyeing media, hence fresh water used in the process can be significantly reduced by up 95% or even more.

The dye particles are easily dispersed in oil dyeing media. The proposed dyeing technique reduces the time cycle and energy with less consumption of water. The dyeing medium is reused to recycle which will reduce the liquid waste pollutants.

In one embodiment, the water and the dye may be dispersed in the silicon oil in the liquor with the help of a surfactant. The use of a surfactant may solve the potential problems of immiscibility of dye and water with silicon oil. This drastically increased the chemical potential of the dyes in the liquor, so that dye fixation could be increased and waste discharges could be minimized.

Hence, the instant invention relates to a method for dyeing polyester-containing textile material according to claim 1, in particular to a method for dyeing polyester-containing textile material, wherein the textile material is treated with a liquor, in particular an emulsion, containing at least one disperse dye, silicone oil and water.

Dyeing with this method, results in good all-round fastness properties, such as, good fastness, to rubbing, to wetting, to wet rubbing, to washing, to water, to sea water and to perspiration, are obtained. The washing fastness properties show also superior values. It is further possible, to reduce the total duration of dyeing process which saves the energy, since the method according to the invention enables the recycling of the dyeing media. Further, the water consumption is reduced to approximately only 5 to 10% compared to a conventional dyeing process.

In the instant description and claims, the term "consists essentially of" followed by one or more characteristics, means that may be included in the process or the material of the invention, besides explicitly listed components or steps, components or steps that do not materially affect the properties and characteristics of the invention.

The expression "comprised between X and Y" includes boundaries, unless explicitly stated otherwise. This expression means that the target range includes the X and Y values, and all values from X to Y.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words "comprise" and "contain" and variations of the words, for example "comprising" and "comprises", mean "including but not limited to", and do not exclude other moieties, additives, components, integers or steps. Moreover, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires: in particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.

Where upper and lower limits are quoted for a property, for example for the concentration of a component, then a range of values defined by a combination of any of the upper limits with any of the lower limits may also be implied.

The instant invention relates to a method for dyeing polyester-containing textile material, wherein the textile material is treated with a liquor containing at least one disperse dye, silicone oil and water.

In the present application, the term liquor generally means a liquid. Depending on the miscibility of the individual components contained, liquor can therefore mean mixtures, dispersions, colloids, suspensions, solutions and emulsions. As the instantly defined liquor comprises water and a silicone oil, the liquor is preferably a two-phase system and/or an emulsion, preferably an emulsion.

The method for dyeing polyester-containing textile material preferably comprises or is an exhaust method.

The process according to the invention is suitable for dyeing fiber materials based on synthetic polyesters and can be used for dyeing 100% polyesters fabrics or fabrics comprising polyester as well as other materials. In one embodiment, the inventive method comprising the steps, preferably in that order:

(a) incubating the textile material with the liquor containing at least one disperse dye, silicone oil and water,

(b) heating the mixture of step (a), preferably to a temperature of 110 to 150 °C.

Preferably, the temperature during the incubation in step (a) is in the range of 110 to 140 °C.

The incubation step (a) is preferably carried out for 30 to 40 minutes.

The heating step (b) preferably comprises heating to 110 to 150 °C, in particular to 110 to 140 °C such as about 135°C.

The heating step (b) is preferably carried out for 30 to 40 minutes.

Without being bound to that theory it can be hypothesized that the dyeing process can be divided in three different steps. In step I, the temperature is lower, and the dye molecules are continuously adsorbed on to the surface of fabric. In step II the temperature is increased so that there is equilibrium in adsorption and desorption, e.g. at temperatures from 60°C to 130°C, of dyes form the fiber surface. In step III, e.g. at 135°C, there is an increase in movement of fiber molecular chain segment which increase the diffusion rate of dye into fiber hence the dye uptake efficiency increases.

The silicone oil constituted the major replacement for water and is thus a decisive contributor in the dyeing process. Silicone oil, in particular nonfunctional silicone oil, revels good synergism between acidic and basic conditions at high temperature. Also, it exhibits excellent levelness and color strength and has a benefit of reusability. Further, the use of different media like hydrocarbon, solvents and different fatty acids (oil) are unfriendly to handle and harmful to environment. Further a dyeing process that involves acidic and basic conditions could lead to saponification of the fatty oils and rancidity of fatty oils at high temperature.

In one embodiment, the inventive method further comprising the following steps, preferably in that order and preferably after above defined steps (a) and (b): (c) reduction clearance of the textile material and

(d) neutralizing and washing the reduction cleared textile material.

The reduction clearance is preferably carried out using a dithionite, such as sodium dithionite or sodium hyposulfate.

The reduction clearance is preferably carried under alkaline conditions, preferably at a pH of 8 to 12.

The reduction clearance is preferably carried out at a temperature which is lower than the temperature in step (b).

The reduction clearance is preferably carried out at a temperature of 50 to 80 °C.

The reduction clearance is preferably carried out for 10 to 20 minutes.

In one embodiment, the polyester-containing textile material may be washed between the steps (b) and (c), preferably using water.

After the reduction clearance, the dyeing mixture is preferably neutralized to a pH of about 3 to 5.

The neutralization might be carried out using any suitable acid, such as acetic acid.

The neutralization is preferably carried out at a temperature of 30 to 40 °C.

In one embodiment, the inventive method does not comprise the step of reduction clearance. In that case, the method step (b) is followed by the neutralization step (d).

After neutralization, independent from the presence of a reduction clearance step, the dyed polyester-containing textile material is washed, preferably cold washed, preferably using water.

After washing, the polyester-containing textile material may be dried using any conventionally known drying method such as heating, e.g. to about 60 to 80 °C, preferably for 30 to 40 minutes. In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of silicone oil to water is from 50:50 to 98:2, preferably from 90: 10 to 98:2, most preferably, the ratio of silicone oil to water is 95:5.

Such a weight ratio has the advantage that a high silicone oil ratio lowers down the content of water and auxiliaries used in dyeing system and exhibits high dye uptake increase in high depth which results in increased color strength.

In some cases it might be advantageous to add a surfactant to improve the miscibility of the disperse dye and water with the silicone oil.

In one embodiment, the textile material is treated with a liquor least one disperse dye, silicone oil, surfactant and water.

In one embodiment, the surfactant is selected from butylpolyalkylene glycol copolymers or C12-C14 alcohol based EO molecules, preferably block copolymers in which the central polypropylene glycol group is flanked by two polyethylene glycol groups.

In one embodiment, the above mentioned surfactants can be used in combination.

In one embodiment, several surfactants, preferably two or three surfactants, are used.

In one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 1 to 5 g/l, preferably 2 to 4 g/l.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of polyester-containing textile material to liquor is from 1:6 to 1:30, preferably from 1: 10 to 1:20.

Such a weight ratio has the advantage of a good flowability to the fabric material during dyeing with uniform color pickup. In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the pH of the liquor is from 3.0 to 7.0.

Preferably, the pH of the liquor is from 3.0 to 7.0 during the method steps (a) and (b).

The pH may be adjusted using commonly known acids and/or bases as well as commonly known buffer substances.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the amount of the at least one disperse dye in the liquor is from 0.01 to 15 wt.-%, preferably from 1 to 6 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the liquor.

In case more than one disperse dye is used, the amount as defined above refers to the sum of the amounts of all disperse dyes used in one embodiment.

In another embodiment, in case more than one disperse dye is used, the amount as defined above refers to the amount of each disperse dye individually.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that exactly one disperse dye is present in the liquor.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that more than one disperse dye is present in the liquor. Preferably, two, three or four different disperse dyes may be present in the liquor.

Hence, the dyes can be applied individually or in mixtures may be two or three dyes (di- or tri-chromicity) or else four or more dye mixtures, especially in the production of black/grey shades.

The disperse dye is not particularly limited but all disperse dyes known for the dyeing of polyester-containing textile material may be used.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one disperse dye is selected from C.I. Disperse Red 383 (TEARSIL Red WW-3BS), C.I. disperse Red 376 (TEARSIL Red W-4BS), C.I. Disperse Yellow 211 (TEARSIL Yellow 4G), C.I. Disperse Yellow 114 (TEARSIL Yellow W-6GS), C.I. Disperse Blue 079: 1 (TEARSIL Navy GRL-C), C.I. Disperse Blue 165: 1 (TEARSIL blue W-BLS), C.I. Disperse Yellow 54 (TEARSIL Yellow 2- GN), C.I. Disperse Orange 30 (TEARSIL Brown 2RFL), C.I. Disperse Red 50 (TEARSIL Red 5G), C.I. Disperse Red 82 (TEARSIL Red 3BL-01), C.I. Disperse Red 382 (TEARSIL Red WW-DS), C.I. Disperse Violet 107 (TEARSIL Violet WW-2RS), C.I. Disperse Blue 56 (TEARSIL Blue 3RL-01), C.I. Disperse Blue 60 (TEARSIL Blue BGE-200% & TERATOP Blue BGE-200%), C.I. Disperse Blue 165 (TEARSIL Blue BG-0), C.I. Disperse Blue 284 (TEARSIL Blue W-2RS), C.I. Disperse Blue 291 (TEARSIL Blue RBS), C.I. Disperse Blue 354 (TEARSIL Blue TR) and/or C.I. Disperse Blue 378 (TEARSIL Blue WW-2GS).

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the polyester-containing textile material consists of polyester or comprises a polyester blend fabric. Preferred blends comprise polyester with elastane, lycra and/or spandex fabrics.

Preferably, the ration of polyester to the other fabric(s) in the blend is from 97:3 to 80:20.

Preferably, the ration of polyester to elastane, lycra and/or spandex fabrics is is from 97:3 to 80:20.

Preferred is a blend comprising polyester and elastane, in particular in a ratio of polyester to elastane of 95: 5 to 75:25 or 90: 10 to 80:20 or 85: 15.

The polyester-containing textile material can be in a very wide variety of processing forms, for example in the form of fibres, yarn, woven fabrics or knitted fabrics and in the form of carpets.

The silicone oil used in the method according to the invention is not particularly limited.

Preferably, the silicone oil comprises or consist of a non-functional silicone.

Preferably, the silicone oil comprises or consist of a linear silicone. Preferably, the silicone oil comprises or consist of a linear silicone, non-functional silicone.

Preferably, the silicone oil comprises or consist of polydimethylsiloxane, preferably with a viscosity at 25 °C of 50 to 370 cPs at 50 °C (determined on a Brookfield Viscometer).

Preferably, the silicone oil has a molecular weight of 9000 to 15000 g/mol.

Preferably, silicone oil has a D4 of 40 to 220 mg/kg and/or a D5 of 80 to 220 mg/kg and/or a D6 of 15 to 260 mg/kg.

Preferably, the silicone oil has a dry content above 95%, preferably 98% or more.

Preferably, the silicone oil has a viscosity at 25 °C of 50 to 370 cPs and/or a viscosity at 50°C from 30 to 220 cPs and/or a viscosity at 70 °C from 25 to 180 cPs (determined on a Brookfield Viscometer).

Preferably, the silicone oil has a boiling point above 230°C.

Preferably, the silicone oil has a flash point of 120 o 150°C (as determined by closed cup method).

Preferably, the silicone oil has a Si content of 600 to 900 ppm (as determined by ICP).

In one embodiment, one silicone oil is used in the process of the invention.

In another embodiment, two or more than two different silicone oils (silicone oil mixture) are used in the process of the invention.

The liquor may further comprise usual additives such as desizing agents, bleaching agents, wetting agents, enzymes, stabilisers, complexing agents, dispersants, anti-foams, leveling agents, penetration accelerants and pH regulators, such as buffer agents.

Such additives are usually contained in the liquor in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt.-%, based on the weight of the liquor, each. In one embodiment, the liquor does not contain any additives, in particular none of the before-mentioned additives.

The invention further relates to a dyed polyester-containing textile material obtained according to a method as defined above.

All definitions and preferred embodiments as set forth above apply analogously, to the dyed polyester-containing textile material.

The invention further relates to a dye paste comprising at least one disperse dye and silicone oil.

In the dye paste according to the invention, the weight ration of the at least one disperse dye to the silicone oil is preferably 1: 1 to 1:5.

In one embodiment, the dye paste is a crude dispersion of the respective dye with the respective silicone oil, which is preferably obtained by grounding the ingredients for 4 to 5 h using a high speed disperser.

All definitions for the silicone oil and the disperse dyes and the dyeing method as set forth above apply analogously to the dye paste.

The dye past according to the invention may be directly set in a dyeing liquor as defined above.

Hence, the invention further relates to the use of a dye paste as defined above for dyeing polyester-containing textile material.

All definitions for dye paste and the dyeing method as set forth above apply analogously to the use.

The following Examples serve to illustrate the invention. Unless otherwise indicated therein, parts are parts by weight and percentages are percentages by weight. Temperatures are given in degrees Celsius. Examples

In the following examples, 5 g of a polyester fabric were use. However, further experiments have shown, that the instantly described dyeing processes can be scaled up and can also be applied on a industrial scale.

Example 1:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 1 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Red WW-3BS (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 135°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

la:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DIF- 2 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), UNIVIDINE® LD-NF- 2 g/l (leveling and dispersing agent) ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Red WW-3BS (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 130° C. After 45 min. at 130°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 2:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 1 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Red WW-3BS (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 135°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 2a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DIF- 2 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), UNIVIDINE® LD-NF- 2 g/l (leveling and dispersing agent) ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Red WW-3BS (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 130°C. After 45 min. at 130°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained. Example 3:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 1 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Red W-4BS (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 135°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying

Comparative Example 3a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DIF- 2 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), UNIVIDINE® LD-NF- 2 g/l (leveling and dispersing agent) ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Red W-4BS (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 130°C. After 45 min. at 130°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying.

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 1 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Blue 3RL-02 150% (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 135°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 4a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DIF- 2 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), UNIVIDINE® LD-NF- 2 g/l (leveling and dispersing agent) ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Blue 3RL-02 150% (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 130° C. After 45 min. at 130°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 1 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Blue 3RL-02 150% (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 135°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DIF- 2 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), UNIVIDINE® LD-NF- 2 g/l (leveling and dispersing agent) ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Blue 3RL-02 150% (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 130° C. After 45 min. at 130°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 1 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Yellow W-4G (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 135°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 6a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DIF- 2 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), UNIVIDINE® LD-NF- 2 g/l (leveling and dispersing agent) ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Yellow W-4G (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 130° C. After 45 min. at 130°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 7:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 1 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Yellow W-4G (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 135°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 7a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DIF- 2 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), UNIVIDINE® LD-NF- 2 g/l (leveling and dispersing agent) ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Yellow W-4G (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 130°C. After 45 min. at 130°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 8:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 1 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 135°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 8a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DIF- 2 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), UNIVIDINE® LD-NF- 2 g/l (leveling and dispersing agent) ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 130°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 180°C for 30 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 9:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 1 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Navy GRL C (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 135°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying.

Comparative Example 9a: 5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DIF- 2 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), UNIVIDINE® LD-NF- 2 g/l (leveling and dispersing agent) ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent) and TERASIL® Navy GRL-C (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 130°C. After 45 min. at 130°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying.

Example 10:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL® Red W-4BS and TERASIL® Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example 1. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 0.5% (TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS), 0.2% (TERASIL® Red W-4BS) and 0.1% (TERASIL® Blue W-BLS). The total dyeing process is similar with Example 1. A Beige shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 10a:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL® Red W-4BS and TERASIL® Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example la. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 0.5% (TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS), 0.2% (TERASIL® Red W-4BS) and 0.1% (TERASIL® Blue W-BLS). The total dyeing process is similar with Example la. A Beige shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 11:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL®

Red W-4BS and TERASIL® Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example 1. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 1.25% (TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS), 0.4% (TERASIL® Red W-4BS) and 1.5% (TERASIL® Blue W-BLS). The total dyeing process is similar with Example 1. A Olive shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 11a:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL® Red W-4BS and TERASIL® Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example la. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 1.25% (TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS), 0.4% (TERASIL® Red W-4BS) and 1.5% (TERASIL® Blue W-BLS). The total dyeing process is similar with Example la. A Olive shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 12:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL® Red W-4BS and TERASIL® Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example 1. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 0.5% (TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS), 0.3% (TERASIL® Red W-4BS) and 0.2% (TERASIL® Blue W-BLS). The total dyeing process is similar with Example 1. A Khaki shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 12a:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL® Red W-4BS and TERASIL® Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example la. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 0.5% (TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS), 0.3% (TERASIL® Red W-4BS) and 0.2% (TERASIL® Blue W-BLS). The total dyeing process is similar with Example la. A Khaki shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained. 13:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL® Black LF and TERASIL® Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example 1. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 0.1% (TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS), 4.5% (TERASIL® Black LF) and 0.25% (TERASIL® Blue W-BLS). The total dyeing process is similar with Example 1. A Black shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 13a:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL® Black LF and TERASIL® Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example la. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 0.1% (TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS), 4.5% (TERASIL® Black LF) and 0.25% (TERASIL® Blue W-BLS). The total dyeing process is similar with Example la. A Black shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 14:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL® Red WW-3BS and TERASIL® Blue 3-RL-02-150% in the manner described in Example 1. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 2% (TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS), 2% (TERASIL® Red WW-3BS) and 2% (TERASIL® Blue Blue 3-RL-02-150%). The total dyeing process is similar with Example 1. A Black shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 14a:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL® Red WW-3BS and TERASIL® Blue 3-RL-02-150% in the manner described in Example la. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 2% (TERASIL® Yellow W-6GS), 2% (TERASIL® Red WW-3BS) and 2% (TERASIL® Blue 3-RL-02-150%). The total dyeing process is similar with Example la. A Black shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Reference depth:

Fastness Results:

Light fastness was determined according to ISO 105 B02BW and the washing fastness was determined according to AATCC 61 2A (49 deg for 45 min).

Example 15:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (85: 15 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 15a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125° C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 16:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (85: 15 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 2% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 16a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 2% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125° C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 17:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (85: 15 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 17a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125° C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 18:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (85: 15 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 18a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125° C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 19:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (85: 15 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 2% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 19a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 2% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125° C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 20:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (85: 15 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 20a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125° C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 21:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (85: 15 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Black WW-KSN-150% (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 21a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and TERASIL® Black WW-KSN-150% (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125° C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 22:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (85: 15 ratio) was dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-EL, TERASIL® Red W-EL, TERASIL® Blue W-EL in the manner described in Example 15. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 6% [TERASIL® Yellow W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Red W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Blue W-EL (2%)] The total dyeing process is similar with example 15. A Black shade dyeing having good all round fastness properties especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing is obtained.

Comparative Example 22a:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (85: 15 ratio) was dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-EL, TERASIL® Red W-EL, TERASIL® Blue W-EL in the manner described in Example 15a. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 6% [TERASIL® Yellow W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Red W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Blue W-EL (2%)] The total dyeing process is similar with example 15a. A Black shade dyeing having good all round fastness properties especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing is obtained.

Reference depth:

Fastness Results:

Example 23:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary's solution was added as 1 g/l and dye was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil were 95 gm. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C. After 45 min. at 135°C., the temperature is hold for next 40-60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50° C. After that, fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate. Further it was wash and dry. Post dyeing pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Fastness Results:

Example 24:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL Red W-4BS and TERASIL Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example 23. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 0.5% (TERASIL Yellow W-6GS), 0.2% (TERASIL Red W-4BS) and 0.1% (TERASIL Blue W-BLS). The total duration of the wet procedure is 105 min. A Beige shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained. 25:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL Red W-4BS and TERASIL Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example 23. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 1.25% (TERASIL Yellow W-6GS), 0.4% (TERASIL Red W-4BS) and 1.5% (TERASIL Blue W-BLS). The total duration of the wet procedure is 105 min. A Olive shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

26:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL Red W-4BS and TERASIL Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example 23. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 0.5% (TERASIL Yellow W-6GS), 0.3% (TERASIL Red W-4BS) and 0.2% (TERASIL Blue W-BLS). The total duration of the wet procedure is 105 min. A Khaki shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

27:

5 gm of a Polyester fabric were dyed with TERASIL Yellow W-6GS, TERASIL Black LF and TERASIL Blue W-BLS in the manner described in Example 23. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 0.1% (TERASIL Yellow W-6GS), 4.5% (TERASIL Red W-4BS) and 0.25% (TERASIL Blue W-BLS). The total duration of the wet procedure is 105 min. A Black shade dyeing having good all-round fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained. Example 28:

5 gm of a 100% polyester Elastane fabric (80:20 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and one disperse dye selected from TERASIL® Yellow W-4GS, TERASIL® Red WW-3BS or TERASIL® Blue W-BLS was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 10 gm and oil is 40 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135°C. The temperature is hold for next 45 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 28a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and one disperse dye selected from TERASIL® Yellow W-4GS, TERASIL® Red WW-3BS or TERASIL® Blue W-BLS was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C, the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained. Example 29:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (90: 10 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and one disperse dye selected from TERASIL® Yellow W-4GS, TERASIL® Red WW-3BS or TERASIL® Blue W-BLS was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 45 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135°C, the temperature is hold for next 45 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 29a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1:20. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and one disperse dye selected from TERASIL® Yellow W-4GS, TERASIL® Red WW-3BS or TERASIL® Blue W-BLS (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 135° C, the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Example 30:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (80:20 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 30a:

Example 31:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (80:20 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 2% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 31a:

Example 32:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (80:20 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 32a:

Example 33:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (80:20 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 33a:

Example 34:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (80:20 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 2% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 34a:

Example 35:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (80:20 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 35a:

Example 36:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (80:20 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Black WW-KSN-150% (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 36a:

Example 37:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (80:20 ratio) was dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-EL, TERASIL® Red W-EL, TERASIL® Blue W-EL in the manner described in Example 15. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 6% [TERASIL® Yellow W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Red W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Blue W-EL (2%)] The total dyeing process is similar with example 15. A Black shade dyeing having good all round fastness properties especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing is obtained.

Comparative Example 37a:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (80:20 ratio) was dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-EL, TERASIL® Red W-EL, TERASIL® Blue W-EL in the manner described in Example 15a. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 6% [TERASIL® Yellow W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Red W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Blue W-EL (2%)] The total dyeing process is similar with example 15a. A Black shade dyeing having good all round fastness properties especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing is obtained.

Example 38:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (90: 10 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 38a:

Example 39: 5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (90: 10 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 2% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 39a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 2% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125° C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained. Example 40:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (90: 10 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 40a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and TERASIL® Red W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125° C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained. Example 41:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (90: 10 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 41a:

5 gm of a polyester fabric was immersed in the water, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW UNI®- 0.3 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), UNIVIDINE® DFM- 1 g/l (Diffusion accelerant), ALBATEX® AB-45- 2 g/l (Buffer agent), ALBATEX® RI - 2 g/l (water softener), ALBATEX® AD- 1 g/l (Dispersing agent) and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 1% with respect to weight of fabric. The pH is about 4.5- 5. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125° C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 60 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained. Example 42:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (90: 10 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 2% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 42a:

Example 43:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (90: 10 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Blue W-EL (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 43a:

Example 44:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (90: 10 ratio) was immersed in the water-oil liquor, containing the solution of auxiliary and disperse dyes. Fiber: Liquor ratio was 1: 10. The auxiliary solutions and dyes solution was added as UNIVADINE® TOP- 1 g/l (Leveling agent), ALBAFLOW® UNI- 1 g/l (Penetration Accelerant), and TERASIL® Black WW-KSN-150% (Disperse Dye) was added 6% with respect to weight of fabric. Total water in the dyeing system is 5 gm and oil is 95 gm. The liquor is then heated at a rate of 3°C/min. to 125°C. After 45 min. at 125°C., the temperature is hold for next 40 min then cooled at a rate of 4°C/min. to 50°C. After that fabric was washed with water and further processed for reduction clearance with sodium dithionate and alkali. Further it was Neutralize with Acetic acid followed by cold wash and drying. Post heat setting at 190°C for 40 Sec. pale shade was tested for fastness, and it was observed with good fastness properties, especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing, is obtained.

Comparative Example 44a:

Example 45:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (90: 10 ratio) was dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-EL, TERASIL® Red W-EL, TERASIL® Blue W-EL in the manner described in Example 15. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 6% [TERASIL® Yellow W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Red W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Blue W-EL (2%)] The total dyeing process is similar with example 15. A Black shade dyeing having good all round fastness properties especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing is obtained.

Comparative Example 45a:

5 gm of a polyester Elastane fabric (90: 10 ratio) was dyed with TERASIL® Yellow W-EL, TERASIL® Red W-EL, TERASIL® Blue W-EL in the manner described in Example 15a. The dyes were added in such amounts that their concentrations in the liquor were 6% [TERASIL® Yellow W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Red W-EL (2%), TERASIL® Blue W-EL (2%)] The total dyeing process is similar with example 15a. A Black shade dyeing having good all round fastness properties especially a high degree of fastness to light and to washing is obtained.

Reference depth:

Fastness Results:

Examples 28 to 45 show that the method according to the invention can be used for fabrics of different compositions as well as for different ratios of silicone oil to water. The composition of the fabric and the ratio of silicone to water can be adjusted independently of each other.

References

[1] Hu, E., Shang, S., Tao, X.-m., Jiang, S., Chiu, K.-L, 2016. Regeneration and reuse of highly polluting textile dyeing effluents through catalytic ozonation with carbon aerogel catalysts. J. Clean. Prod. 137, 1055-1065.

[2] Ayadi, I., Souissi, Y., Jlassi, I., Peixoto, F., Mnif, W., 2016. Chemical synonyms, molecular structure and toxicological risk assessment of synthetic textile dyes: a critical review. J Develop Drugs 5 (151), 2.

[3] Chequer, F.M.D., de Oliveira, G.A.R., Ferraz, E.R.A., Cardoso, J.C., Zanoni, M.V.B., de Oliveira, D.P., 2013. Textile Dyes: Dyeing Process and Environmental Impact, Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing. InTech.

[4] Process for Dyeing of Textile Materials using Supercritical Fluid" (Indian Patent no. 298213 granted in 2018 USA Patent No. US 11015289 B2 granted in 2021).

[5] Oguchi H, SaoA, Ikeda Y, Nakamura M, Naito S, Ink jet ink set for sublimation trasfer dyed product and manufacturing method thereof. US patent US9745486 B2 2017;29:2017.

[6] Liu L, Mu B, Li W, Yang Y, Cost-effective reactive dyeing using spent cooking oil for minimal discharge of dyes and salts, Journal of Cleaner Production (2019), doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.277.

[7] Chengchen Fu, Jiping Wang, Jianzhong Shao, Dongjie Pu, Jiamei Chen & Jinqiang Liu (2015) A non-aqueous dyeing process of reactive dye on cotton, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 106:2, 152-161, DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2014.906103.

Claims

1. A method for dyeing polyester-containing textile material, wherein the textile material is treated with a liquor containing at least one disperse dye, silicone oil and water.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the dyeing comprising the steps

(b) heating the mixture of step (a), preferably to a temperature of 110 to 150°C.

3. Method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps

(c) reduction clearance of the textile material, preferably using a dithionite under alkaline conditions, preferably at a temperature which is lower than the temperature in step (b);

(d) neutralizing and washing the reduction cleared textile material.

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of silicone oil to water is from 50:50 to 98:2, preferably from 90: 10 to 98:2.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of polyester-containing textile material to liquor is from 1:6 to 1:30.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pH of the liquor is from 3.0 to 7.0.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of the at least one disperse dye in the liquor is from 0.01 to 15 wt.-% based on the total weight of the liquor.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one disperse dye is selected from C.I. Disperse Red 383, C.I. disperse Red 376, C.I. Disperse Yellow 211, C.I. Disperse Yellow 114, C.I. Disperse Blue 079: 1, C.I. Disperse Blue 165: 1, C.I. Disperse Yellow 54, C.I. Disperse Orange 30, C.I. Disperse Red 50, C.I. Disperse Red 82, C.I. Disperse Red 382, C.I. Disperse Violet 107, C.I. Disperse Blue 56, C.I. Disperse Blue 60, C.I. Disperse Blue 165, C.I. Disperse Blue 284, C.I. Disperse Blue 291, C.I. Disperse Blue 354 and/or C.I. Disperse Blue 378.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyester- containing textile material consists of polyester or comprises a polyester blend fabric, preferably wherein polyester is blended with elastane, lycra and/or spandex fabrics.

10. The dyed polyester-containing textile material obtained according to a method of any of claims 1 to 9.

11. A dye paste comprising at least one disperse dye and silicone oil.

12. Use of a dye paste according to claim 11 for dyeing polyester-containing textile material.