WO2024002435A1 - Système de capteur de contrainte normale - Google Patents

Système de capteur de contrainte normale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024002435A1
WO2024002435A1 PCT/DE2023/200090 DE2023200090W WO2024002435A1 WO 2024002435 A1 WO2024002435 A1 WO 2024002435A1 DE 2023200090 W DE2023200090 W DE 2023200090W WO 2024002435 A1 WO2024002435 A1 WO 2024002435A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage sensor
resonator
normal voltage
carrier
normal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2023/200090
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stephan Grundey
Stefan Narberhaus
Siegfried Reck
Original Assignee
Contitech Deutschland Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contitech Deutschland Gmbh filed Critical Contitech Deutschland Gmbh
Publication of WO2024002435A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024002435A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
    • G01L1/162—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices using piezoelectric resonators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0057—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to spring-shaped elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
    • G01L5/243—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using washers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a normal voltage sensor system according to claim 1, a normal voltage sensor for use in such a normal voltage sensor system according to claim 14 and a control unit for use in such a normal voltage sensor system according to claim 15.
  • the transducers In order to measure mechanical normal and shear stresses, the transducers must be integrated into the component in such a way that they can record the force flow to be measured. If this force flow is inhomogeneous, flat sensors are usually necessary. Elastomer-based pressure measuring foils, which are inserted into the component for one measurement at a time, depict the distribution of the maximum stresses that occur through color changes. However, this is usually inaccurate, cannot be recorded electronically and an unused pressure measuring film has to be installed, removed and evaluated for each measurement, which makes this type of recording of normal and shear stresses unattractive.
  • a matrix of piezoresistive transducers provides the data for a spatially resolved image.
  • dielectric elastomer sensors DES
  • DES dielectric elastomer sensors
  • piezoresistive pressure measuring films are expensive, so they are preferably used for discontinuous measurements.
  • a device for detecting mechanical normal stresses in an elastomeric component with an elastomeric component, with at least one normal stress sensor, the normal stress sensor having at least one resonator, the natural frequency of which depends on the mechanical normal stresses to be detected, preferably at least in Substantially linear, dependent, wherein at least the resonator is embedded in the elastomeric component in such a way that mechanical normal stresses acting on the elastomeric component can change the natural frequency of the resonator, and with at least one control unit which is designed to excite the resonator to oscillate at its natural frequency and to detect its vibrations, wherein the control unit is further designed to determine the mechanical normal stresses of the elastomer component from the detected vibrations of the resonator.
  • a normal force sensor for elastomeric components which consists of a so-called symmetrical microwave strip line, which is designed as a resonator.
  • a dielectric which is covered on its outer surface with a conductive layer and is electrically at ground potential.
  • the normal force to be measured compresses the strip line along the longitudinal axis and thus reduces the distance between the centrally arranged conductor strip and the two outer ground surfaces along the longitudinal axis, which changes the wave impedance and the return loss of the arrangement.
  • the The strip line is connected to an impedance spectrometer, which evaluates the wave impedance and the return loss and uses this to calculate the measurement result.
  • a disadvantage of the device of DE 10 2020 216 234 A1 is that in this way only the average normal voltage can be detected, which acts in the middle of the surface of the normal voltage sensor.
  • a normal voltage sensor system is known with at least one normal voltage sensor with at least a first resonator with a first natural frequency, which is dependent on a mechanical first normal voltage to be detected, with at least a second resonator with a second natural frequency, which is dependent on a second mechanical normal stress to be detected, the normal voltage sensor being designed to be arranged between two objects in such a way that mechanical normal stresses acting between the objects can change the natural frequencies of the resonators, and with at least one control unit which is designed to To excite resonators of the normal voltage sensor to oscillate at their natural frequencies and to detect their oscillations, wherein the control unit is further designed to determine the mechanical normal voltages from the detected oscillations of the resonators.
  • the applications in which the normal voltage has to be detected using sensors will include future brake systems in which the previously common hydraulic components are to be replaced by electromechanical components (dry brake).
  • dry brake When braking, the driver determines the height the braking force via the force on the brake pedal. Electronics regulate the force with which a brake disc or brake drum is braked based on this setpoint. The control requires a quick and precise measurement of the currently effective braking force.
  • sensors for measuring the braking force within electromechanical brakes are being developed, which are based on different measuring principles, such as pressure measurement in a compressible container with a hydraulic medium, or a load cell based on piezo-resistive strain gauges. stripes.
  • normal voltage sensors or a normal voltage sensor system from DE 10 2021 206 816.2 can also be used for this purpose.
  • a hydraulic sensor has a inherent latency due to the required pressure accumulator, while the load cell has a comparable height.
  • the microwave-based force sensor or normal voltage sensor of DE 10 2021 206 816.2 has a restoring behavior due to the elastomers used, which can lead to hysteresis and aging-related changes in the dielectric constant.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a force sensor or a normal voltage sensor which has the above-mentioned.
  • the invention thus relates to a normal voltage sensor system with at least one normal voltage sensor with a first carrier with a resonator with a natural frequency which is dependent on a mechanical normal voltage to be detected, preferably at least substantially linearly, with a second carrier which is connected to the first carrier along a longitudinal axis is spaced apart, and with a connecting element, preferably compressible along the longitudinal axis, which connects the first carrier and the second carrier at a distance from one another along the longitudinal axis, the resonator being spaced apart along the longitudinal axis by an air gap of the dimension relative to the second carrier and wherein the resonator is designed so that mechanical normal stresses acting on the connecting element change the natural frequencies of the resonator, and with at least one control unit which is designed to excite the resonator of the normal voltage sensor to oscillate at its natural frequencies and to detect its oscillations, the control unit being further formed is to determine the mechanical normal stresses from the recorded vibrations of the resonator.
  • a asymmetrical arrangement and preferably an asymmetrical stripline is used by using an air gap instead of a dielectric between the resonator of the first carrier and the second carrier.
  • the resonator can thus detect normal mechanical stresses in the form of compressive forces and/or tensile forces, in that the forces influence the oscillation behavior of the resonator in such a way that the oscillation behavior of the resonator can be characteristic of the acting mechanical normal stresses. If the resonator is now excited to oscillate and the oscillation behavior of the resonator is recorded and evaluated, conclusions can be drawn about the existing mechanical normal stresses. This allows normal mechanical stresses to be continuously detected using sensors.
  • connecting element compressible for example made of an elastomeric material or even soft metal, can increase the sensitivity of the sensor detection, since larger changes in the dimension of the air gap can be brought about with the same force.
  • a resonator can be produced easily, quickly, precisely in position and/or robustly, for example by vulcanization, printing or gluing.
  • Such a resonator can also be made comparatively flat.
  • such a resonator or a corresponding normal voltage sensor can be made available as a simple component comparatively inexpensively.
  • the resonator is part of a
  • Microstrip line Under a microstrip line or strip line (English microstrip) refers to a specific class of electrical waveguides for use in the high frequency range, which consists of one or more thin, conductive strips, which are preferably applied to a dielectric. This can represent a concrete possibility of implementation.
  • the resonator of the normal voltage sensor is designed as a high-frequency resonator.
  • a high-frequency resonator is a resonator that can operate in the frequency range of high-frequency oscillations. This refers to frequencies in the range of 1 to 300 GHz.
  • Another advantage of this is that due to the high frequency, no interaction can occur between the electromagnetic field of the resonator and a surrounding material itself, which could have a negative effect on the functionality.
  • the resonator can be very sensitive to the measured value signal and thus to normal force or pressure. This can increase the measurement sensitivity.
  • the resonator of the normal voltage sensor is designed to be elastic, preferably as a conductive liquid.
  • the resonator can flexibly adapt to the movements of the objects between which the normal stresses are to be measured and thereby record the mechanical normal stresses comparatively precisely. He can also Due to its elastic design, the resonator or the corresponding normal voltage sensor can follow significantly greater expansions than rigid transducers.
  • the resonator of the normal voltage sensor is arranged in a ring around the longitudinal axis. This can promote the most uniform arrangement of the resonator relative to the axis of the normal voltages to be detected along the longitudinal axis and enable the same normal voltages to act equally on the resonator and thus to be detected equally by it.
  • a, preferably elastic, dielectric preferably as a component of a microstrip line, is arranged between the first carrier and the resonator of the normal voltage sensor.
  • This can be a simple way to implement the resonator with the properties and advantages described here.
  • Making the dielectric of the normal voltage sensor elastic can also enable the dielectric to implement the corresponding properties described above.
  • a first electrically conductive conductor layer preferably as a first ground surface and/or as a component of a microstrip line, is arranged between the first carrier and the resonator of the normal voltage sensor.
  • the ground surface is at the reference potential for the electric field lines of the electromagnetic field. This ensures defined conditions in the strip line.
  • the ground surface preferably has or even consists of a material with high electrical conductivity.
  • the second carrier has a second electrically conductive conductor layer, preferably as a second ground surface.
  • the first carrier and/or the second carrier is or are designed as a, preferably elastic, carrier layer, preferably as a carrier film. This can promote implementation, especially as a flexible design.
  • the first carrier has a first electrical insulator, preferably a first electrically insulating film
  • the second carrier has a second electrical insulator, preferably a second electrically insulating film.
  • the resonator of the normal voltage sensor is designed to extend over a flat area, with the resonator being sufficient with its flat extension plane perpendicular to the direction of the mechanical normal stresses. This can make it possible to implement the resonators with a sufficient elongated extension while maintaining a compact design. This can promote large-scale sensory detection of the mechanical normal stresses, which can improve the quality of the sensory recorded values.
  • control unit is designed to stimulate the resonator of the normal voltage sensor to oscillate at its natural frequencies using broadband pulses, to detect their impulse responses and to determine the mechanical normal voltages from the detected impulse responses. This can represent an operating mode of exciting the resonators to oscillate at their respective natural frequency and detecting or receiving the corresponding signals from the resonators.
  • control unit is designed to continuously excite the resonator of the normal voltage sensor with oscillations of variable frequency to oscillate at its natural frequency, to detect its oscillations, to determine the transmission parameters from the resonance frequency of the detected oscillations and to determine the mechanical normal stresses from the determined transmission parameters . This can represent an alternative mode of operation, exciting the resonator to oscillate at its natural frequency and detecting or receiving the corresponding signals from the resonators.
  • the present invention also relates to a normal voltage sensor for use in a normal voltage sensor system as described above.
  • a normal voltage sensor can be provided in order to implement a normal voltage sensor system as described above and to use its properties and advantages.
  • the present invention also relates to a control unit for use in a normal voltage sensor system as described above.
  • a control unit can be created in order to implement the previously described device and to be able to use its properties and advantages.
  • the control unit can also be used universally, e.g. for similar devices or measuring systems, with the software implementation of the previously described functions being adapted accordingly to the respective application.
  • Normal tension sensor systems can be used in particular in elastomeric components such as belts, air springs, hoses, belts, bearings, etc. and in measurement technology in general.
  • elastomeric components such as belts, air springs, hoses, belts, bearings, etc. and in measurement technology in general.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a normal voltage sensor according to the invention along the longitudinal axis.
  • the above-mentioned figure is described in cylindrical coordinates with a longitudinal axis X, a radial direction (not shown) oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
  • the longitudinal axis X, the radial direction and the circumferential direction can also be referred to collectively as spatial directions or as cylindrical spatial directions.
  • a normal voltage sensor 1 has a first carrier 10a and a second carrier 10b along the longitudinal axis X, which are spaced apart from one another along the longitudinal axis X.
  • the first carrier 10a is designed as a first carrier layer 10a or as a first carrier film 10a and the second carrier 10b as a second carrier layer 10b or as a second carrier film 10b. Both carriers 10a, 10b are fixedly connected to one another with a compressible connecting element 11 along the longitudinal axis X.
  • a microstrip line 13 is arranged on the first electrical insulator 12a, which faces the second electrical insulator 12b along the longitudinal axis X.
  • the microstrip line 13 has, in this order along the longitudinal axis X, a first electrically conductive conductor layer 13a in the form of a first ground surface 3a, a flexible dielectric 13b and a resonator 13c.
  • the resonator 13c is formed using printed electrically conductive ink.
  • a second electrically conductive conductor layer 15 in the form of a second ground surface 15 is arranged opposite the resonator 13c along the longitudinal axis X.
  • the resonator 13c and the second ground surface 15 are spaced apart from one another along the longitudinal axis X by an air gap 14 with a dimension A.
  • the normal voltage sensor 1 together with a control unit (not shown), forms a normal voltage sensor system.
  • the resonator 13a of the normal voltage sensor 1 can be excited to oscillate at the respective natural frequency by means of an alternating electrical field or its field lines E and these oscillations can be detected by the control unit 1.
  • the control unit can determine the mechanical normal stresses F along the longitudinal axis X from the detected vibrations of the resonator 13a.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de capteur de contrainte normale comportant au moins un capteur de contrainte normale (1) avec un premier support (10a) doté d'un résonateur (13c) à une fréquence naturelle qui dépend, de préférence au moins de manière sensiblement linéaire, d'une contrainte mécanique normale à capturer, avec un second support (10b) qui est espacé du premier support (10a) le long d'un axe longitudinal (X), et avec un élément de liaison (11) qui est compressible, de préférence le long de l'axe longitudinal (X), et qui relie le premier support (10a) et le second support (10b) l'un à l'autre d'une manière espacée le long de l'axe longitudinal (X), le résonateur (13c) étant séparé du second support (10b) par un entrefer (14) de dimension (A) le long de l'axe longitudinal (X), et le résonateur (13c) étant conçu de manière à ce que les contraintes mécaniques normales (F) agissant sur l'élément de liaison (11) modifient les fréquences naturelles du résonateur (13c), et avec au moins une unité de commande conçue pour exciter le résonateur (13c) du capteur de contraintes normales (1) afin qu'il oscille à ses fréquences propres et pour capturer ses oscillations, l'unité de commande étant également conçue pour déterminer les contraintes mécaniques normales (F) à partir des oscillations capturées du résonateur (13c).
PCT/DE2023/200090 2022-06-29 2023-05-09 Système de capteur de contrainte normale WO2024002435A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022206597.2 2022-06-29
DE102022206597.2A DE102022206597A1 (de) 2022-06-29 2022-06-29 Normalspannungssensorsystem

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WO2024002435A1 true WO2024002435A1 (fr) 2024-01-04

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022210669A1 (de) 2022-10-10 2024-04-11 Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh Normalspannungssensorsystem

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160011091A1 (en) * 2013-02-13 2016-01-14 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Sensor Assembly, Method, and Device for Monitoring Shear Force and Pressure on a Structure
EP4016027A1 (fr) * 2020-12-18 2022-06-22 ContiTech Antriebssysteme GmbH Dispositif de détermination des tensions mécaniques normales dans un composant élastomère, ainsi que capteur de tension normale associé
DE102021206816A1 (de) 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh Normalspannungssensorsystem

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160011091A1 (en) * 2013-02-13 2016-01-14 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Sensor Assembly, Method, and Device for Monitoring Shear Force and Pressure on a Structure
EP4016027A1 (fr) * 2020-12-18 2022-06-22 ContiTech Antriebssysteme GmbH Dispositif de détermination des tensions mécaniques normales dans un composant élastomère, ainsi que capteur de tension normale associé
DE102020216234A1 (de) 2020-12-18 2022-06-23 Contitech Antriebssysteme Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Erfassung von mechanischen Normalspannungen in einem Elastomerbauteil sowie Normalspannungssensor hierfür
DE102021206816A1 (de) 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh Normalspannungssensorsystem

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