WO2024001991A1 - 变色模组、壳体、电子设备、隐私膜和车辆 - Google Patents

变色模组、壳体、电子设备、隐私膜和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024001991A1
WO2024001991A1 PCT/CN2023/102331 CN2023102331W WO2024001991A1 WO 2024001991 A1 WO2024001991 A1 WO 2024001991A1 CN 2023102331 W CN2023102331 W CN 2023102331W WO 2024001991 A1 WO2024001991 A1 WO 2024001991A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
color
layer
changing
electrode
changing module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/102331
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢华飞
杨文强
Original Assignee
维沃移动通信有限公司
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Application filed by 维沃移动通信有限公司 filed Critical 维沃移动通信有限公司
Publication of WO2024001991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024001991A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/20—Accessories, e.g. wind deflectors, blinds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/02—Details
    • H05K5/0217—Mechanical details of casings
    • H05K5/0243—Mechanical details of casings for decorative purposes

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the technical field of electrochromic materials, and specifically relates to a color-changing module, a housing, an electronic device, a privacy film and a vehicle.
  • the color of the terminal shell is determined by the color of the material in the shell film layer, such as a terminal shell made of a single-color plastic material, or a double-layer transparent polyethylene glycol terephthalate. , PET) material sandwich structure uses diaphragms of different colors to adjust the light and then fit them together as a whole, so that the reflected light shows different colors.
  • the color of this kind of shell is determined by the color of the material, and the color of the shell is relatively single.
  • This application aims to provide a color-changing module, casing, electronic device, privacy film and vehicle, which at least solves the problem of a single color of the casing.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a color-changing module, including a first color-changing layer, a first electrode, and a second electrode;
  • the first color-changing layer includes at least two electro-chromic materials, and the at least two electro-chromic materials are in different has different colors under a voltage;
  • the first electrode is located on the first side of the first color-changing layer;
  • the second electrode is located on the second side of the first color-changing layer, and the first side and the second side are two opposite sides of the first color-changing layer. side; wherein, the first electrode and the second electrode can apply voltage to the first color-changing layer.
  • the color-changing module provided by this application includes a first color-changing layer.
  • the first color-changing layer includes at least two electro-chromic materials.
  • the at least two electro-chromic materials can change colors when driven by different voltages.
  • the color-changing module also includes a first electrode and a second electrode.
  • the first electrode is located on the first side of the first color-changing layer in the thickness direction.
  • the second electrode is located on the second side of the first color-changing layer in the thickness direction. Through the first The electrode and the second electrode can apply voltage to the first color-changing layer to change the color of the first color-changing layer.
  • the color of the color-changing module can change during use, the color of the color-changing module is prevented from being too single, making the color-changing module more colorful.
  • the first color-changing layer includes at least two electro-chromic materials
  • the at least two electro-chromic materials can change colors when driven by different voltages, and applying different voltages to the first color-changing layer through the first electrode and the second electrode can be further enriched.
  • the color of the first color-changing layer further enhances the color diversity of the color-changing module.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a housing including the color-changing module of the above technical solution. Therefore, the housing has all the beneficial effects of the color-changing module of the above technical solution.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, including a housing according to the above technical solution. Therefore, the electronic device has all the beneficial effects of the housing of the above technical solution.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a privacy film, including a color-changing module according to the above technical solution. Therefore, the privacy film has all the beneficial effects of the color-changing module of the above technical solution.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle, including glass and a privacy film as described in the above technical solution.
  • the glass includes window glass, front windshield glass, rear windshield glass and/or sunroof glass, and the privacy film is attached to the glass. . Therefore, the vehicle has all the beneficial effects of the privacy film of the above technical solution.
  • Figure 1 is one of the schematic diagrams of a color-changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is the second schematic diagram of a color-changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is one of the schematic diagrams of the color change of the color changing module according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is the second schematic diagram of the color change of the color-changing module according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is the third schematic diagram showing the color change of the color-changing module according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is the fourth schematic diagram of the color change of the color changing module according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is the fifth schematic diagram showing the color change of the color changing module according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the color of the color-changing module changing from red to green when the power supply voltage is different according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 9 is a third schematic diagram of a color-changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is the fourth schematic diagram of a color-changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is one of the schematic plan views of a color-changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is the second schematic plan view of a color-changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is one of the partial schematic diagrams of a color-changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is the second partial schematic diagram of a color-changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a fifth schematic diagram of a color-changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is the sixth schematic diagram of a color-changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is one of the schematic diagrams of the driving waveform of the color changing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is the second schematic diagram of the driving waveform of the color changing module according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • first and second features in the description and claims of this application may include one or more of these features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • plural means two or more.
  • and/or in the description and claims represents at least one of the connected objects, the characters "/”, a Generally, it means that the related objects are an "or" relationship.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium
  • it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the color changing module 100, housing, electronic device, privacy film and vehicle will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18 .
  • a color-changing module 100 includes a first color-changing layer 102, a first electrode 104, and a second electrode 106; the first color-changing layer 102 includes at least two electrotropic materials. 126. At least two electrochemical materials 126 have different colors under different voltages; the first electrode 104 is located on the first side of the first color-changing layer 102; the second electrode 106 is located on the second side of the first color-changing layer 102. One side and the second side are two opposite sides of the first color-changing layer 102; wherein, the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 106 can apply voltage to the first color-changing layer 102.
  • the color-changing module 100 includes a first color-changing layer 102.
  • the first color-changing layer 102 includes at least two kinds of electrochromic materials 126.
  • the at least two kinds of electrochromic materials 126 can change colors when driven by different voltages.
  • the color-changing module 100 also includes a first electrode 104 and a second electrode 106.
  • the first electrode 104 is located on the first side of the first color-changing layer 102 in the thickness direction
  • the second electrode 106 is located on the first side of the first color-changing layer 102 in the thickness direction.
  • a voltage can be applied to the first color-changing layer 102 through the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 106 to change the color of the first color-changing layer 102 .
  • the color of the color-changing module 100 can change during use, the color of the color-changing module 100 is prevented from being too single, so that the colors of the color-changing module 100 are richer.
  • the first color-changing layer 102 includes at least two kinds of electrochromic materials 126
  • the at least two kinds of electrochromic materials 126 can change colors under different voltage driving, and then pass through the first electrode 104 and the second electrode. Applying different voltages to the first color-changing layer 102 by the pole 106 can further enrich the color of the first color-changing layer 102 and further enhance the color diversity of the color-changing module 100.
  • the color-changing film assembly is attached to the back shell of an electronic device, or the color-changing module 100 is used as the back shell of an electronic device, the functionality, interest, and aesthetics of the back shell can be improved.
  • the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 106 are indium tin oxide (ITO, Indium Tin Oxides) electrodes.
  • ITO Indium Tin Oxides
  • the first color-changing layer 102 is an electrochromic (EC) layer.
  • EC electrochromic
  • the color-changing module 100 further includes an electron transport layer 108 , a thin cathode 110 and a hole transport layer 112 ;
  • the electron transport layer 108 is bonded to the first side of the first color-changing layer 102;
  • the thin cathode 110 is bonded to the electron transport layer 108,
  • the first electrode 104 is bonded to the thin cathode 110;
  • the hole transport layer 112 is bonded to the first On the second side of the color-changing layer 102, the second electrode 106 is attached to the hole transport layer 112.
  • the at least two electroluminescent materials 126 are both electroluminescent materials and can emit light of different colors at different voltages, thereby changing the color of the color-changing module 100 and causing color change at the same time.
  • Module 100 has richer colors.
  • the color-changing module 100 further includes a first base color layer 114 , and the first base color layer 114 is attached to the second electrode 106 .
  • the color-changing module 100 further includes a first base color layer 114 , and the first base color layer 114 has a color different from the colors produced by the at least two electrochromic materials 126 .
  • the color of the color-changing module 100 is the color of the first base color layer 114, further enriching the color types of the color-changing components.
  • the first background color layer 114 is a blue film
  • the at least two electroluminescent materials 126 can be red and green mixed luminescent materials.
  • the red and green mixed luminescent materials are introduced into the luminescent layer to achieve different luminescence.
  • the luminous color of the color-changing module 100 will gradually change from pure red to yellow and then to pure green as the driving voltage increases.
  • this control method is not progressive, but displays a specific color at a specific voltage.
  • the first base color layer 114 passes through the first optical glue 122 (Optically Clear Adhesive (OCA) is attached to the second electrode 106.
  • OCA Optically Clear Adhesive
  • the first base color layer 114 is a printing ink layer.
  • the green luminescent material in the electroluminescent material cannot be excited, and the red luminescent material is excited, and the entire color change mode
  • the group 100 emits red light. Since the light-emitting device is located on the first base color layer 114, the red color covers the blue color, and the entire back cover appears red.
  • the color-changing module 100 when the color-changing module 100 is powered with a large voltage V4, the green light materials in the color-changing module 100 are excited to emit strong light, and the luminous intensity of the red material becomes smaller, and the entire color-changing module 100 It displays green, and because the light-emitting device is located on the first base color layer 114, the green covers the blue, and the entire back cover displays green.
  • the ordinate is the normalized EL Intensity (Normalized EL Intensity), and the unit is Arbitrary Unit (A.U.).
  • the abscissa is the wavelength of the absorption spectrum (400nm to 750nm), and the unit is nanometers.
  • the colors of the color-changing module 100 are transparent, red, yellow and green in sequence.
  • the luminous color of the first color-changing layer 102 will gradually change from pure red (the driving voltage is -2V) to orange (the driving voltage is -2.5V), yellow (the driving voltage is -3.2V), and yellow-green as the driving voltage increases. (The driving voltage is -4V) to pure green (the driving voltage is -5V).
  • the color changing module 100 further includes a first substrate 116 and a second base color layer 118; the first side of the first substrate 116 is attached to the second electrode 106; The base color layer 118 is attached to the second side of the first substrate 116 .
  • the color-changing module 100 includes a first substrate 116.
  • the first color-changing layer 102, the first electrode 104, the second electrode 106, the electron transport layer 108, and the thin cathode can be first 110 and hole transport layer 112 are prepared on the first substrate 116, and then the second base color layer 118 is bonded on the first substrate 116 to reduce the impact on various parts of the color changing module 100. material requirements, thereby reducing the cost of the color changing module 100.
  • the color-changing module 100 further includes a first cover plate 120.
  • the first cover plate 120 is attached to the side of the first electrode 104 away from the first color-changing layer 102. .
  • the first substrate 116 can protect each structure of the color-changing module 100 to avoid wear and tear of the color-changing module 100 under the action of external forces, thereby extending the service life of the color-changing module 100 .
  • the first color-changing layer 102, the first electrode 104, the second electrode 106, the electron transport layer 108, the thin cathode 110 and holes can be prepared on the first cover plate 120.
  • the transmission layer 112 is then attached to the second electrode 106 through the second optical glue 124, thereby simplifying the preparation process of the color changing module 100 and improving the preparation efficiency of the color changing module 100.
  • the color-changing module 100 further includes a second substrate 128 and an insulating layer 130.
  • the insulating layer 130 is disposed on the second substrate 128;
  • the first color-changing layer 102 includes a plurality of color-changing components 132 arranged in an array on the insulating layer 130; a plurality of first electrodes 104; a plurality of second electrodes 106; a plurality of first electrodes 104 , a plurality of second electrodes 106 and a plurality of color-changing components 132 corresponding to each other and arranged in parallel along the second substrate 128 .
  • the first color-changing layer 102 includes a plurality of color-changing components 132 arranged in an array on the insulating layer 130, a plurality of first electrodes 104, a second electrode 106 and a plurality of color-changing components. 132 are arranged in parallel along the second substrate 128 so that each color-changing component 132 can change color independently, thereby achieving local control of the color-changing module 100 and making the control of the color-changing module 100 more refined.
  • the effect of the first electrodes 104, the second electrodes 106 and the plurality of color-changing components 132 on the color-changing film is reduced.
  • the space occupied by the group in the thickness direction is reduced, thereby reducing the thickness of the color-changing module 100, which is beneficial to making the color-changing module 100 thinner and lighter.
  • different color-changing components 132 can be prepared on the same second substrate 128 to realize the color of liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD) or organic semiconductor display (Organic Light-Emitting Diode, OLED). display effect.
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode
  • the solution of arranging the array-type color-changing component 132 on the second substrate 128 is suitable for organic electrochromism.
  • organic electrochromism There are various color changing methods such as color, inorganic electrochromism, polymer dispersed liquid crystal, etc., and the electrodes can be selected from a variety of conductive metals, and the second substrate 128 is versatile.
  • first electrode 104 and the second electrode 106 are pixel electrodes 158.
  • the color changing component 132 includes a blue display part 164 , a red display part 166 and a green display part 168 .
  • each color-changing component 132 of the plurality of color-changing components 132 includes an electrochromic film 134, an electrolyte film 136 and a charge storage film 138; the electrochromic film 134 and the first electrode 104 is in contact; the first side of the electrolyte film 136 is in contact with the electrochromic film 134; the charge storage film 138 is in contact with the second side of the electrolyte film 136, and in contact with the second electrode 106; wherein, the electrochromic film 134, the electrolyte film 136 and the charge storage film 138 are arranged side by side along the second substrate 128 .
  • the color-changing component 132 includes an electrochromic film 134, an electrolyte film 136 and a charge storage film 138, so that after a certain voltage is applied to the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 106, the color-changing component 132 can display corresponding colors, further enhancing the color diversity of the color changing module's 100 colors.
  • the electrochromic film 134, the electrolyte film 136 and the charge storage film 138 are arranged side by side along the second substrate 128, the space occupied by the electrochromic film 134, the electrolyte film 136 and the charge storage film 138 in the thickness direction of the color-changing film group is reduced. , thereby reducing the thickness of the color-changing module 100, which is beneficial to making the color-changing module 100 thinner and lighter.
  • the second substrate 128 may be a transparent substrate or an opaque substrate.
  • the second substrate 128 can be various transparent or opaque substrates such as glass substrate, silicon wafer, plastic substrate, etc.
  • the color changing module 100 can be directly applied or attached to a transparent carrier, such as glass, mobile phone cover, etc.
  • the pixel electrode 158 may be indium tin oxide or other conductive metal, and may be a transparent electrode or an opaque electrode.
  • the light-shielding layer 142, the insulating layer 130, the semiconductor layer 146, the dielectric layer 148, the gate electrode 150, the protective layer 152, and the source and drain can be sequentially prepared on the second substrate 128 according to the semiconductor process.
  • the electrochromic film 134 and the charge storage film 138 are in contact with the pixel electrode 158 .
  • each of the plurality of color changing components 132 includes a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal, PDLC) module 140.
  • PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
  • the color changing component 132 includes a polymer dispersed liquid crystal module 140 with a first side in contact with the first electrode 104 and a second side in contact with the second electrode 106 .
  • the polymer dispersed liquid crystal module 140 It can switch between the atomized state and the transparent state under the action of the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 106, thereby achieving fine control of the atomization or transparency of the color changing module 100.
  • the light shielding layer 142, the insulating layer 130, the semiconductor layer 146, the dielectric layer 148, the gate electrode 150, the protective layer 152, and the source and drain electrodes are sequentially prepared on the second substrate 128 according to the semiconductor process.
  • the color changing module 100 further includes a plurality of first control modules 162.
  • the plurality of first control modules 162 are disposed on the insulating layer 130 and are respectively connected to a plurality of first control modules 162.
  • An electrode 104 is connected.
  • the color-changing module 100 can achieve local color change, further improving the control of the color-changing module 100 Refined control.
  • a transparent protective layer 160 is deposited on the color-changing component 132 or the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal module 140, thereby reducing the probability of edge failure of the color-changing module 100 due to edge water vapor penetration.
  • the first control module 162 may be a thin film transistor (Thin Film Transistor, TFT) switch or a field effect transistor (Thin Film Transistor, TFT) switch.
  • Thin film transistor switches or field effect transistor switches control the color-changing components 132, thereby allowing multiple color-changing components 132 to form an integrated high-density micro-size array on the second substrate 128.
  • Each color-changing component 132 can be addressed and lit individually. , reducing the pixel distance from the entire surface to the micron level.
  • Thin film transistors or field effect transistors include but are not limited to top gate structures, and can also adopt bottom gate, coplanar structures, etc.
  • the color-changing module 100 further includes a second color-changing layer 170 and a third electrode 172 ; the second color-changing layer 170 is located on the first electrode 104 away from the first color-changing layer 102 The third electrode 172 is located on the side of the second color-changing layer 170 away from the first electrode 104 .
  • the color-changing module 100 further includes a second color-changing layer 170 and a third electrode 172.
  • the third electrode 172 and the first electrode 104 are respectively located on both sides of the second color-changing layer 170, and then pass through the first electrode 104 and the first electrode 104.
  • the third electrode 172 applies a voltage to the second color-changing layer 170 to control the second color-changing layer 170 .
  • the first color-changing layer 102 and the second color-changing layer 170 share the first electrode 104, which simplifies the structure of the color-changing module 100 and reduces the thickness of the color-changing module 100.
  • the first color-changing layer 102 is an electrochromic layer
  • the second color-changing layer 170 is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the first color-changing layer 102 is an electrochromic layer, and the first color-changing layer 102 can change color under the action of the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 106 .
  • the second color-changing layer 170 is a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer, and the second color-changing layer 170 can switch between a transparent state and an atomized state under the action of the first electrode 104 and the third electrode 172 .
  • the color-changing module 100 achieves a controllable multi-color discoloration function.
  • the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer is located on the upper layer of the electrochromic layer, because the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer can absorb ultraviolet light. It can reduce the damage of ultraviolet light to the electrochromic layer and extend the service life of the electrochromic layer.
  • the electrochromic layer is controlled by the electric field generated by the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 106.
  • the specific voltage depends on the specifications of the electrochromic layer. It is preferably 1.2V.
  • the electrochromic layer is in the coloring process.
  • the specific voltage depends on the specifications of the electrochromic layer, preferably -1.2V.
  • the electrochromic layer is in the fading process; or when the level of the second electrode 106 is greater than
  • the specific voltage depends on the specifications of the electrochromic layer, preferably 1.2V, and the electrochromic layer is in the fading process.
  • the specific voltage depends on the specifications of the electrochromic layer, preferably - 1.2V
  • the electrochromic layer is a coloring process.
  • the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer is controlled by the first electrode 104 and the third electrode 172.
  • the electric field generated by the first electrode 104 and the third electrode 172 is in a non-driving state.
  • the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer scatters the incident light, causing the color changing module 100 to It appears in a foggy state. After being driven by positive and negative square waves, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer becomes transparent, allowing light to pass through.
  • the first electrode 104 is always at 0V level.
  • the color changing module 100 further includes a first resin plate 174 and a second cover plate 176 ; the first resin plate 174 is attached to the third electrode 172 and away from the second cover plate 174 .
  • One side of the discoloration layer 170; the second cover plate 176 is attached to the first resin plate 174.
  • the structure of each layer of the color-changing module 100 is protected, and the probability of the color-changing film group being damaged by external force is reduced, thereby improving the use of the color-changing module 100. life.
  • the first resin plate 174 is attached to the second cover plate 176 through the third optical glue 188 .
  • the first resin plate 174 is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plate.
  • the color-changing module 100 further includes a second resin plate 178 disposed between the second color-changing layer 170 and the first electrode 104 .
  • the color-changing module 100 can be supported, thereby improving the strength of the color-changing module 100.
  • the color-changing module 100 also includes a third resin plate 180, a film sheet 182 and a third base color layer 184.
  • the first side of the third resin plate 180 is It is attached to the side of the second electrode 106 away from the first discoloration layer 102; the first side of the film sheet 182 is attached to the second side of the third resin plate 180; the third base color layer 184 is attached to the third side of the film sheet 182. Two sides.
  • the color-changing module 100 further includes a film 182 and a third base color layer 184.
  • the color-changing module 100 has the third color-changing layer 182.
  • the color of the base color layer 184 further enriches the color of the color changing module 100 .
  • the third resin plate 180 , the second electrode 106 , the first color-changing layer 102 and the first electrode 104 can be sequentially prepared on the third resin plate 180 , and the second electrode 106 can be prepared on the second resin plate 178 at once.
  • the color-changing layer 170 and the third electrode 172 are then jointly bonded to the first resin plate 174 and the second cover plate 176, thereby reducing the material requirements for each layer structure and reducing the cost of the color-changing module 100.
  • the third resin plate 180 is bonded to the film 182 through the fourth optical glue 190 .
  • the color changing module 100 further includes a second control module 186 , and the second control module 186 is electrically connected to the second electrode 106 and the third electrode 172 respectively.
  • the control of the first color-changing layer 102 and the second color-changing layer 170 is achieved.
  • the second control module 186 outputs positive and negative voltages to drive and control the first color-changing layer 102 and the second color-changing layer 170 .
  • the driving method of the third electrode 172 is as shown in Figure 17 Driving waveform and the driving waveform shown in Figure 18.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种变色模组、壳体、电子设备、隐私膜和车辆，变色模组包括第一变色层、第一电极和第二电极；第一变色层包括至少两种电致材料，至少两种电致材料在不同的电压下具备不同的颜色；第一电极位于第一变色层的第一侧；第二电极位于第一变色层的第二侧，第一侧与第二侧为第一变色层相背的两侧；其中，第一电极和第二电极能够向第一变色层施加电压。

Description

变色模组、壳体、电子设备、隐私膜和车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年06月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210733094.8、名称为“变色模组、壳体、电子设备、隐私膜和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于电致材料技术领域，具体涉及一种变色模组、壳体、电子设备、隐私膜和车辆。
背景技术
相关技术中，终端外壳的色彩是由外壳膜层中材料的颜色决定的，如采用单一颜色的塑胶材料的终端外壳，或者在双层透明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene glycol terephthalate，PET)材质夹层结构中使用不同色彩的膜片调光再整体贴合，使反射光呈现不同的色彩。该种外壳的色彩是由材料的颜色决定的，外壳的颜色较为单一。
发明内容
本申请旨在提供一种变色模组、壳体、电子设备、隐私膜和车辆，至少解决外壳的颜色较为单一的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请是这样实现的：
第一方面，本申请实施例提出了一种变色模组，包括第一变色层、第一电极和第二电极；第一变色层包括至少两种电致材料，至少两种电致材料在不同的电压下具备不同的颜色；第一电极位于第一变色层的第一侧；第二电极位于第一变色层的第二侧，第一侧与第二侧为第一变色层相背的两侧；其中，第一电极和第二电极能够向第一变色层施加电压。
本申请所提供的变色模组，包括第一变色层，第一变色层包括至少两种电致材料，至少两种电致材料能够在不同的电压驱动下改变颜色。变色模组还包括第一电极和第二电极，第一电极位于第一变色层在厚度方向上的第一侧，第二电极位于第一变色层在厚度方向上的第二侧，通过第一电极和第二电极能够向第一变色层施加电压，改变第一变色层的颜色。
由于变色模组的颜色能够在使用的过程中发生改变，避免变色模组的颜色过于单一，使得变色模组的颜色更丰富。
由于第一变色层包括至少两种电致材料，至少两种电致材料能够在不同的电压驱动下改变颜色，进而通过第一电极和第二电极向第一变色层施加不同的电压可进一步丰富第一变色层的颜色，进一步提升变色模组颜色的多样性。
第二方面，本申请实施例提出了一种壳体，包括如上述技术方案的变色模组。因此该壳体具备上述技术方案的变色模组的全部有益效果。
第三方面，本申请实施例提出了一种电子设备，包括如上述技术方案的壳体。因此该电子设备具备上述技术方案的壳体的全部有益效果。
第四方面，本申请实施例提出了一种隐私膜，包括如上述技术方案的变色模组。因此该隐私膜具备上述技术方案的变色模组的全部有益效果。
第五方面，本申请实施例提出了一种车辆，包括玻璃和如上述技术方案的隐私膜，玻璃包括车窗玻璃、前风挡玻璃、后风挡玻璃和/或天窗玻璃，隐私膜贴设于玻璃。因此该车辆具备上述技术方案的隐私膜的全部有益效果。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的示意图之一；
图2是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的示意图之二；
图3是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的颜色随电压变化的示意图之一；
图4是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的颜色随电压变化的示意图之二；
图5是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的颜色随电压变化的示意图之三；
图6是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的颜色随电压变化的示意图之四；
图7是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的颜色随电压变化的示意图之五；
图8是根据本申请实施例的变色模组在通电电压不同时颜色由红色变为绿色的示意图；
图9是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的示意图之三；
图10是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的示意图之四；
图11是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的平面示意图之一；
图12是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的平面示意图之二；
图13是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的局部示意图之一；
图14是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的局部示意图之二；
图15是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的示意图之五；
图16是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的示意图之六；
图17是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的驱动波形的示意图之一；
图18是根据本申请实施例的变色模组的驱动波形的示意图之二。
附图标记：100变色模组，102第一变色层，104第一电极，106第二电极，108电子传输层，110薄阴极，112空穴传输层，114第一底色层，116第一基板，118第二底色层，120第一盖板，122第一光学胶，124第二光学胶，126电致材料，128第二基板，130绝缘层，132变色组件，134电致变色膜，136电解质膜，138电荷存储膜，140聚合物分散液晶模块，142遮光层，146半导体层，148介电层，150栅极，152保护层，154源漏极，156钝化层，158像素电极，160透明保护层，162第一控制模块，164蓝色显示部，166红色显示部，168绿色显示部，170第二变色层，172第三电极，174第一树脂板，176第二盖板，178第二树脂板，180第三树脂板，182菲林片，184第三底色层，186第二控制模块，188第三光学胶，190第四光学胶。
具体实施例
下面将详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”，一 般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面结合图1至图18描述根据本申请实施例的变色模组100、壳体、电子设备、隐私膜和车辆。
如图1和图2所示，根据本申请一些实施例的变色模组100，包括第一变色层102、第一电极104和第二电极106；第一变色层102包括至少两种电致材料126，至少两种电致材料126在不同的电压下具备不同的颜色；第一电极104位于第一变色层102的第一侧；第二电极106位于第一变色层102的第二侧，第一侧与第二侧为第一变色层102相背的两侧；其中，第一电极104和第二电极106能够向第一变色层102施加电压。
根据本申请实施例的变色模组100，包括第一变色层102，第一变色层102包括至少两种电致材料126，至少两种电致材料126能够在不同的电压驱动下改变颜色。变色模组100还包括第一电极104和第二电极106，第一电极104位于第一变色层102在厚度方向上的第一侧，第二电极106位于第一变色层102在厚度方向上的第二侧，通过第一电极104和第二电极106能够向第一变色层102施加电压，改变第一变色层102的颜色。
由于变色模组100的颜色能够在使用的过程中发生改变，避免变色模组100的颜色过于单一，使得变色模组100的颜色更丰富。
由于第一变色层102包括至少两种电致材料126，至少两种电致材料126能够在不同的电压驱动下改变颜色，进而通过第一电极104和第二电 极106向第一变色层102施加不同的电压可进一步丰富第一变色层102的颜色，进一步提升变色模组100颜色的多样性。
变色膜组在贴合于电子设备的后壳上时，或将变色模组100作为电子设备的后壳，能够提升后壳的功能性、趣味性和美观性。
具体地，第一电极104和第二电极106为氧化铟锡(ITO，Indium Tin Oxides)电极。
具体地，第一变色层102为电致变色(EC，Electrochromic)层。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1和图2所示，至少两种电致材料126为电致发光材料，变色模组100还包括电子传输层108、薄阴极110和空穴传输层112；电子传输层108贴合于第一变色层102的第一侧；薄阴极110贴合于电子传输层108，第一电极104贴合于薄阴极110；空穴传输层112贴合于第一变色层102的第二侧，第二电极106贴合于空穴传输层112。
在该实施例中，在第一电极104和第二电极106所施加的电压的驱动下，由电极阴极注入的电子和阳极注入空穴并在发光层中复合形成处于束缚能级的电子空穴对即激子，激子辐射激发光子，进而使得发光层产生可见光。
由于包括至少两种电致材料126，至少两种电致材料126均为电致发光材料，并且能够在不同的电压下发出不同颜色的光，在实现改变变色模组100颜色的同时，使得变色模组100的颜色更丰富。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1所示，变色模组100还包括第一底色层114，第一底色层114贴合于第二电极106。
在该实施例中，变色模组100还包括第一底色层114，第一底色层114具备与至少两种电致材料126所产生的颜色不同的颜色。在至少两种电致材料126未被激发时，变色模组100的颜色为第一底色层114的颜色，进一步丰富变色组件的颜色类型。
具体地，第一底色层114为蓝色菲林片，至少两种电致材料126可为红、绿互混的发光材料，在发光层中引入红、绿互混的发光材料，不同的发光材料受到激发的电压不同，变色模组100的发光颜色会随驱动电压的增大而逐渐从纯红色向黄色再到纯绿色转变。当然，该调控方式并不是递进式的，而是在特定电压呈现出特定颜色。
具体地，第一底色层114通过第一光学胶122(Optically Clear  Adhesive，OCA)贴合于第二电极106。
具体地，第一底色层114为印刷油墨层。
如图3和图4所示，当变色模组100不同电或通电V1＝0V(伏)时，变色模组100不发光且呈现透明，从而整个后盖板显示出第一底色层114的颜色。
如图3和图5所示，当向第一电极104和第二电极106通入较小电压V2时，电致发光材料中的绿色发光材料不能被激发，红色发光材料被激发，整个变色模组100发射出红光，由于发光器件位于第一底色层114上面，从而红色遮盖了蓝色，整个后盖板显示出红色。
如图3和图6所示，当变色模组100通电适中电压V3时，变色模组100中的部分红色发光材料和部分绿光材料均有被激发发射出光，红光与绿光混合搭配呈现出黄色效果，且由于发光器件位于第一底色层114上面，从而黄色遮盖了蓝色，整个后盖板显示出红与绿搭配出的黄色。
如图3和图7所示，当变色模组100通电较大电压V4时，变色模组100中的绿光材料均被激发发射出强光，红色材料发光强度变小，整个变色模组100显示出绿色，且由于发光器件位于第一底色层114上面，从而绿色遮盖了蓝色，整个后盖板显示出绿色。
如图8所示，纵坐标的为归一化发光强度(Normalized EL Intensity)，单位为任意单位(Arbitrary Unit，A.U.)，横坐标是吸收光谱的波长(400nm至750nm)，单位是纳米。
随着第一电极104和第二电极106施加于第一变色层102上的电压的变化，变色模组100的颜色依次为透明、红色、黄色和绿色。
第一变色层102的发光颜色会随驱动电压的增大而逐渐从纯红色(驱动电压为-2V)向橙色(驱动电压为-2.5V)、黄色(驱动电压为-3.2V)、黄绿色(驱动电压为-4V)再到纯绿色(驱动电压为-5V)转变。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图2所示，变色模组100还包括第一基板116和第二底色层118；第一基板116的第一侧贴合于第二电极106；第二底色层118贴合于第一基板116的第二侧。
在该实施例中，变色模组100包括第一基板116，在制备变色模组100时，可先将第一变色层102、第一电极104、第二电极106、电子传输层108、薄阴极110和空穴传输层112等在第一基板116上制备，然后在第一基板116上贴合第二底色层118，降低对变色模组100各个部分的 材质需求，进而降低变色模组100的成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1和图2所示，变色模组100还包括第一盖板120，第一盖板120贴合于第一电极104远离第一变色层102的一侧。
在该实施例中，第一基板116可对变色模组100的各个结构进行保护，避免变色模组100在外力的作用下产生磨损，延长变色模组100的使用寿命。
在变色模组100不设置第一基板116时，可先在第一盖板120上制备第一变色层102、第一电极104、第二电极106、电子传输层108、薄阴极110和空穴传输层112，然后将第一底色层114贴通过第二光学胶124贴合于第二电极106上，进而简化变色模组100的制备流程，提升变色模组100的制备效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图9、图10和图11所示，变色模组100还包括第二基板128和绝缘层130，绝缘层130设置于第二基板128上；第一变色层102包括多个变色组件132，多个变色组件132在绝缘层130上呈阵列式排布；第一电极104的数量为多个；第二电极106的数量为多个；多个第一电极104、多个第二电极106和多个变色组件132相对应，沿第二基板128并列设置。
在该实施例中，第一变色层102包括多个变色组件132，多个变色组件132在绝缘层130上呈阵列式排布，多个第一电极104、第二电极106和多个变色组件132相对应，沿第二基板128并列设置，使得每个变色组件132可进行单独变色，进而实现对变色模组100局部的控制，使得对变色模组100的控制更精细化。并且通过将多个第一电极104、第二电极106和多个变色组件132相对应，沿第二基板128并列设置，降低第一电极104、第二电极106和多个变色组件132对变色膜组在厚度方向上的空间占用，进而减小变色模组100的厚度，有利于变色模组100的轻薄化。
具体地，通过半导体工艺，可以在同一第二基板128上实现不同的颜色变色组件132的制备，实现液晶显示(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)或有机半导体显示(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，OLED)的彩色显示效果。
在第二基板128上设置阵列式变色组件132的方案适合有机电致变 色、无机电致变色、聚合物分散液晶等多种变色方式，且电极可选择多种导电金属，第二基板128具有通用性。
进一步地，第一电极104和第二电极106为像素电极158。
具体地，如图12所示，变色组件132包括蓝色显示部164、红色显示部166和绿色显示部168。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图9所示，多个变色组件132中每个变色组件132包括电致变色膜134、电解质膜136和电荷存储膜138；电致变色膜134与第一电极104接触；电解质膜136的第一侧与电致变色膜134接触；电荷存储膜138与电解质膜136的第二侧接触，且与第二电极106接触；其中，电致变色膜134、电解质膜136和电荷存储膜138沿第二基板128并列设置。
在该实施例中，变色组件132包括电致变色膜134、电解质膜136和电荷存储膜138，进而使得在向第一电极104和第二电极106施加一定的电压后，变色组件132可显示相应的颜色，进一步提升变色模组100颜色的多样性。并且由于电致变色膜134、电解质膜136和电荷存储膜138沿第二基板128并列设置，降低电致变色膜134、电解质膜136和电荷存储膜138对变色膜组在厚度方向上的空间占用，进而减小变色模组100的厚度，有利于变色模组100的轻薄化。
进一步地，第二基板128可为透明基板，也可为不透明基板。
第二基板128可为玻璃基板、硅片、塑料基板等各种透明或不透明基材，变色模组100可直接应用或贴附到透明载体上，如玻璃、手机盖板等。
像素电极158可为氧化铟锡或其他导电金属，可为透明电极，也可为不透明电极。
进一步地，在制备变色模组100时，可在第二基板128上依据半导体工艺依次制备遮光层142、绝缘层130、半导体层146、介电层148、栅极150、保护层152、源漏极154、钝化层156和像素电极158，其中像素电极158为变色模组100的导电层；在导电层的两侧依次制备电致变色膜134、电解质膜136和电荷存储膜138，并在电致变色膜134、电解质膜136和电荷存储膜138上覆盖透明保护层160。电致变色膜134和电荷存储膜138与像素电极158接触。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图10所示，多个变色组件132中每个 变色组件132包括聚合物分散液晶(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal，PDLC)模块140，聚合物分散液晶模块140的第一侧与第一电极104接触，聚合物分散液晶模块140的第二侧与第二电极106接触。
在该实施例中，变色组件132包括聚合物分散液晶模块140，聚合物分散液晶模块140的第一侧与第一电极104接触，第二侧与第二电极106接触，聚合物分散液晶模块140能够在第一电极104和第二电极106的作用下在雾化状态和透明状态下切换，进而实现对变色模组100具备雾化或透明的精细化控制。通过在第二基板128上贴合菲林片182彩膜，即可实现彩色、透明和雾态之间的变化。
进一步地，在制备变色模组100时，在第二基板128上依据半导体工艺依次制备遮光层142、绝缘层130、半导体层146、介电层148、栅极150、保护层152、源漏极154、钝化层156和像素电极158，其中像素电极158为变色模组100的导电层；在导电层的中间位置制备聚合物分散液晶膜层，并且在像素电极158和聚合物分散液晶膜层上覆盖透明保护层160，其中像素电极158接触聚合物分散液晶膜层，并提供两端电压。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图13和图14所示，变色模组100还包括多个第一控制模块162，多个第一控制模块162设置于绝缘层130上，分别与多个第一电极104连接。
在该实施例中，通过设置与第一电机相对应的第一控制模块162，进而实现对每个变色组件132的单独控制，进而变色模组100可实现局部变色，进一步提升对变色模组100控制的精细化。
进一步地，在变色组件132或聚合物分散液晶模块140上沉积透明保护层160，进而降低变色模组100由于边缘水汽渗透而造成边缘失效的概率。
具体地，第一控制模块162可为薄膜晶体管(Thin Film Transistor，TFT)开关或场效应管(Thin Film Transistor，TFT)开关。薄膜晶体管开关或场效应管开关实现对变色组件132的控制，进而使得多个变色组件132在第二基板128上形成集成高密度微小尺寸的阵列，每个变色组件132可以定址、可单独点亮，将像素点距离从整面降低至微米级。
薄膜晶体管或场效应管包括但并不局限于顶栅结构，也可采用底栅、共平面结构等。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图15和图16所示，变色模组100还包括第二变色层170和第三电极172；第二变色层170位于第一电极104远离第一变色层102的一侧；第三电极172位于第二变色层170远离第一电极104的一侧。
在该实施例中，变色模组100还包括第二变色层170和第三电极172，第三电极172和第一电极104分别位于第二变色层170的两侧，进而通过第一电极104和第三电极172向第二变色层170施加电压，实现对第二变色层170的控制。并且第一变色层102和第二变色层170共用第一电极104，简化了变色模组100的结构，降低变色模组100的厚度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图15和图16所示，第一变色层102为电致变色层，第二变色层170为聚合物分散液晶层。
在该实施例中，第一变色层102为电致变色层，第一变色层102可在第一电极104和第二电极106的作用下改变颜色。第二变色层170为聚合物分散液晶层，第二变色层170可在第一电极104和第三电极172的作用下在透明状态和雾化状态之间切换。通过在变色模组100内设置电致变色层和聚合物分散液晶层，可以实现双颜色深浅控制，根据色彩的减法原理，通过调节两种原色的深浅，可实现更丰富的色彩变换。
通过设置电致变色层和聚合物分散液晶层，变色模组100实现可控多色变色功能，让聚合物分散液晶层位于电致变色层的上层，因为聚合物分散液晶层可以吸收紫外光线，可以减少紫外光线对电致变色层的伤害，提升电致变色层的使用寿命。
具体地，电致变色层由第一电极104和第二电极106产生的电场控制，当第二电极106电平大于0V时候，具体电压视电致变色层规格而定，优选为1.2V，电致变色层处于着色过程，当第二电极106小于0V时候，具体电压视电致变色层规格而定，优选为-1.2V，电致变色层是褪色过程；或者当第二电极106电平大于0V时候，具体电压视电致变色层规格而定，优选为1.2V，电致变色层处于褪色过程，当第二电极106小于0V时候，具体电压视电致变色层规格而定，优选为-1.2V，电致变色层是着色过程。
聚合物分散液晶层由第一电极104和第三电极172控制，第一电极104和第三电极172产生的电场，无驱动状态，聚合物分散液晶层使入射光线发生散射，使变色模组100呈现雾态，使用正负方波驱动后，聚合物分散液晶层呈现透明状态，使光线透过。
第一电极104始终为0V电平。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图15和图16所示，变色模组100还包括第一树脂板174和第二盖板176；第一树脂板174贴合于第三电极172远离第二变色层170的一侧；第二盖板176贴合于第一树脂板174。
在该实施例中，通过设置第一树脂板174和第二盖板176，实现对变色模组100各层结构的保护，降低变色膜组被外力损坏的概率，进而提升变色模组100的使用寿命。
具体地，第一树脂板174通过第三光学胶188贴合于第二盖板176。
具体地，第一树脂板174为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene terephthalate，PET)板材。
根据本申请的一些实施例如图15和图16所示，变色模组100还包括第二树脂板178，第二树脂板178设置于第二变色层170和第一电极104之间。
在该实施例中，通过在第二变色层170和第一电极104之间设置第二树脂板178，可实现对变色模组100的支撑，进而提升变色模组100的强度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图15和图16所示，变色模组100还包括第三树脂板180、菲林片182和第三底色层184，第三树脂板180的第一侧贴合于第二电极106远离第一变色层102的一侧；菲林片182的第一侧贴合于第三树脂板180的第二侧；第三底色层184贴合于菲林片182的第二侧。
在该实施例中，变色模组100还包括菲林片182和第三底色层184，在第一变色层102和第二变色层170均为透明状态时，变色模组100的颜色为第三底色层184的颜色，进一步丰富变色模组100的颜色。
进一步地，可通过设置第三树脂板180，进而可在第三树脂板180上依次制备第二电极106、第一变色层102和第一电极104，在第二树脂板178上一次制备第二变色层170和第三电极172，然后两组结构共同贴合于第一树脂板174和第二盖板176，降低对各层结构的材质要求，降低变色模组100的成本。
也可不设置第三树脂板180，进而在第二树脂板178的两侧分别支撑各层结构，降低变色模组100的厚度，简化变色模组100的制备工艺。
具体地，第三树脂板180通过第四光学胶190与菲林片182贴合。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图15和图16所示，变色模组100还包括第二控制模块186，第二控制模块186分别与第二电极106和第三电极172电连接。
在该实施例中，通过设置第二控制模块186，并且第二控制模块186分别与第二电极106和第三电极172连接，实现对第一变色层102和第二变色层170的控制。
通过共用第一电极104同时实现第一变色层102和第二变色层170集成，实现可控多色变色功能。并且通过第二控制模块186输出正负压驱动控制第一变色层102和第二变色层170。
如图17和图18所示，为了保证第一电极104始终是0V电平，以均方根(root mean square，RMS)24V为例，第三电极172的驱动方式为如图17所示的驱动波形和如图18所示的驱动波形。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种变色模组，包括：
    第一变色层，所述第一变色层包括至少两种电致材料，所述至少两种电致材料在不同的电压下具备不同的颜色；
    第一电极，所述第一电极位于所述第一变色层的第一侧；
    第二电极，所述第二电极位于所述第一变色层的第二侧，所述第一侧与所述第二侧为所述第一变色层相背的两侧；
    其中，所述第一电极和所述第二电极能够向所述第一变色层施加电压。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变色模组，其中，所述至少两种电致材料为电致发光材料，所述变色模组还包括：
    电子传输层，所述电子传输层贴合于所述第一变色层的第一侧；
    薄阴极，所述薄阴极贴合于所述电子传输层，所述第一电极贴合于所述薄阴极；
    空穴传输层，所述空穴传输层贴合于所述第一变色层的第二侧，所述第二电极贴合于所述空穴传输层。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的变色模组，还包括：
    第一底色层，所述第一底色层贴合于所述第二电极。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的变色模组，还包括：
    第一基板，所述第一基板的第一侧贴合于所述第二电极；
    第二底色层，所述第二底色层贴合于所述第一基板的第二侧。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的变色模组，还包括：
    第一盖板，所述第一盖板贴合于所述第一电极远离所述第一变色层的一侧。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的变色模组，还包括：
    第二基板；
    绝缘层，所述绝缘层设置于所述第二基板上；
    所述第一变色层包括多个变色组件，所述多个变色组件在所述绝缘层上呈阵列式排布；
    所述第一电极的数量为多个；
    所述第二电极的数量为多个；
    多个所述第一电极、多个所述第二电极和所述多个变色组件相对应， 沿所述第二基板并列设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的变色模组，其中，所述多个变色组件中每个变色组件包括：
    电致变色膜，所述电致变色膜与所述第一电极接触；
    电解质膜，所述电解质膜的第一侧与所述电致变色膜接触；
    电荷存储膜，所述电荷存储膜与所述电解质膜的第二侧接触，且与所述第二电极接触；
    其中，所述电致变色膜、所述电解质膜和所述电荷存储膜沿所述第二基板并列设置。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的变色模组，其中，所述多个变色组件中每个变色组件包括：
    聚合物分散液晶模块，所述聚合物分散液晶模块的第一侧与所述第一电极接触，所述聚合物分散液晶模块的第二侧与所述第二电极接触。
  9. 根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的变色模组，还包括：
    多个第一控制模块，所述多个第一控制模块设置于所述绝缘层上，分别与多个所述第一电极连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的变色模组，还包括：
    第二变色层，所述第二变色层位于所述第一电极远离所述第一变色层的一侧；
    第三电极，所述第三电极位于所述第二变色层远离所述第一电极的一侧。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的变色模组，其中，所述第一变色层为电致变色层，所述第二变色层为聚合物分散液晶层。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的变色模组，还包括：
    第一树脂板，所述第一树脂板贴合于所述第三电极远离所述第二变色层的一侧；
    第二盖板，所述第二盖板贴合于所述第一树脂板。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的变色模组，还包括：
    第二树脂板，所述第二树脂板设置于所述第二变色层和所述第一电极之间。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的变色模组，还包括：
    第三树脂板，所述第三树脂板的第一侧贴合于所述第二电极远离所述 第一变色层的一侧；
    菲林片，所述菲林片的第一侧贴合于所述第三树脂板的第二侧；
    第三底色层，所述第三底色层贴合于所述菲林片的第二侧。
  15. 根据权利要求10至14中任一项所述的变色模组，还包括：
    第二控制模块，所述第二控制模块分别与所述第二电极和所述第三电极电连接。
  16. 一种壳体，包括如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的变色模组。
  17. 一种电子设备，包括如权利要求16所述的壳体。
  18. 一种隐私膜，包括如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的变色模组。
  19. 一种车辆，包括：
    玻璃，所述玻璃包括车窗玻璃、前风挡玻璃、后风挡玻璃和/或天窗玻璃；
    如权利要求18所述的隐私膜，所述隐私膜贴设于所述玻璃。
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