WO2023287747A1 - Système de dessalement sous vide assisté par énergie solaire - Google Patents

Système de dessalement sous vide assisté par énergie solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023287747A1
WO2023287747A1 PCT/US2022/036764 US2022036764W WO2023287747A1 WO 2023287747 A1 WO2023287747 A1 WO 2023287747A1 US 2022036764 W US2022036764 W US 2022036764W WO 2023287747 A1 WO2023287747 A1 WO 2023287747A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inner chamber
water
recited
chamber
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2022/036764
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Hodges
Original Assignee
Daniel Hodges
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/374,090 external-priority patent/US11629069B2/en
Application filed by Daniel Hodges filed Critical Daniel Hodges
Publication of WO2023287747A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023287747A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0082—Regulation; Control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/005—Valves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/03—Pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/42—Liquid level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a system for generating potable water using solar energy to vaporize and separate water from contaminants.
  • a water sanitizing system includes, among other possible things, an inner chamber including a water inlet, a gas outlet and a discharge, an outer chamber disposed at least partially around the inner chamber, a lens for concentrating solar energy on contents within the inner chamber, wherein lens concentrates solar energy applied to a liquid within the inner chamber and a vacuum source in communication separately with the inner chamber and the outer chamber, the vacuum source controlling pressure within the inner chamber separately from the outer chamber for controlling conversion of liquid within the inner chamber to a gas.
  • Generation of a negative pressure lowers the temperature at which water will vaporize in the inner chamber such that solar energy focused on the inner chamber is sufficient to vaporize the inner chamber.
  • a method of A method of sanitizing water includes, among other possible things, filling an inner chamber with a water containing contaminants, sealing the inner chamber, sealing an outer chamber at least partially surrounding the inner chamber, reducing a pressure within the inner chamber to a pressure below an ambient pressure, reducing a pressure within the outer chamber to a pressure below an ambient pressure separate from the pressure within the inner chamber, focusing solar energy on the water within the inner chamber to transform at least a portion of the water into steam, exhausting the steam from the inner chamber in a controlled manner to maintain transformation of water into steam and condensing the exhausted steam into a liquid form outside of the inner chamber.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an example embodiment of a system for sanitizing water.
  • Figure 2 is a top schematic view of an example embodiment of a solar energy concentrator.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the example solar energy concentrator.
  • Figure 4 is a partial perspective view of the example solar energy concentrator.
  • a system for sanitizing water is schematically shown and indicated at 20.
  • the system 20 uses solar energy to generate sufficient heat to boil water within an inner chamber 24 to separate contaminants ⁇
  • the term contaminant is used in this disclosure to refer to bacteria, salt and any other undesired particle disposed within the water.
  • a pressure within the inner chamber 24 is controlled to govern the temperature required to boil the water.
  • the system 20 is useful for sanitizing contaminated water and for removing salt from salt water to generate potable water.
  • the inner chamber 24 is part of a solar energy concentrator 22 that focuses solar energy onto the inner chamber 24 to provide the thermal energy needed to boil water.
  • a negative pressure is generated in the inner chamber 24 that results in a lowering of the temperature at which water vaporizes such that the solar energy is capable of elevating the temperature of water to the vaporization point. Accordingly, the disclosed system 20 provides for the efficient, economical and practical sanitization of water.
  • the energy concentrator 22 includes the inner chamber 24 and an outer chamber 26.
  • the inner chamber 24 and the outer chamber 26 are supported within a tray 34.
  • the disclosed example inner chamber 24 is a hollow tube 25.
  • the outer chamber 26 is defined by a structure 27 that surrounds the inner chamber 24 and provides an insulating vacuum around the inner chamber 24.
  • the hollow tube 25 includes an inlet 28 for receiving dirty contaminated water into the inner chamber 24.
  • a discharge outlet 30 provides for the removal of brine, contaminants and any other particles left behind within the inner chamber 25 once the water is removed.
  • the inner chamber 24 is also in communication with a vacuum source, such as the example vacuum pump 42.
  • a vacuum conduit 38 is in communication with the inner chamber 24 and a manifold 40.
  • the vacuum pump 42 is also in communication with the outer chamber 26 through a conduit 32.
  • the manifold 40 provides passages and conduits to communicate with both the inner chamber 24 and the outer chamber 26 separately.
  • a pressure within the inner chamber 24 is controlled separate from the pressure within the outer chamber 26.
  • Vacuum within the outer chamber 26 provides an insulating function that provides for a substantial reduction and/or prevention of heat loss from the inner chamber 24.
  • the manifold 40 provides the conduits and valving required to provide the separate control of pressures within each of the chambers 24, 26.
  • the manifold 40 further provides an outlet for gases from the inner chamber 24. As water transforms into steam, it is passed through the conduit 38 and to a condenser 58. In the condenser 58, the steam is cooled and transformed back to a liquid form and routed to a potable water tank 60.
  • Steam exhausted from the inner chamber 24 has a significant amount of thermal energy and may be utilized to preheat water entering the inner chamber 24.
  • a heat exchanger 46 provides for steam to be in thermal communication with water in the inlet pipe 28 to preheat water.
  • the heat exchanger 26 may also be utilized to transfer thermal energy into other parts of the example system 20, or other systems.
  • the example system 20 uses an electric powered pump 42 and therefore requires some electric energy input.
  • the electric energy to drive the pump 42 may come from an outside source or any other source of electric energy.
  • a windmill 44 is provided to drive a generator that provides electricity to power the pump 42. The use of a windmill 44 to provide electric energy provides for implementation of the system 20 in areas that lack an energy infrastructure.
  • the solar energy concentrator 22 includes a lens 36 that focus solar energy onto the contents of the inner chamber 24.
  • the lens 36 is Fresnel lens.
  • the lens 36 is an integrated portion of the structure 27 defining the outer chamber 26.
  • a Fresnel lens 36 is disclosed by way of example, other lens configurations that focus solar energy onto the contents of the inner chamber 24 may be utilized within the scope and contemplation of this disclosure.
  • the lens 36 may be a Fresnel linear mirror, a parabolic trough solar concentrator or a linear heliostat solar concentrator.
  • the tray 34 includes a dark coating 64 to absorb thermal energy surrounding the inner chamber 24.
  • the hollow tube 25 that defines the inner chamber 24 includes a reflective coating 72 to reflect solar energy within the inner chamber 24.
  • Solar energy schematically indicated at 68 is focused by the lens 36 through a transparent portion the hollow tube 25 that is not coated with the reflective coating 72.
  • Solar energy input through the portion 66 is reflected within the inner chamber 24 to generate the heat needed to boil off the water.
  • the structure 27 defining the outer chamber 26 surrounding the inner chamber 24 may also include reflective coatings to further direct solar energy into the inner chamber 24.
  • Pressure and temperatures are controlled within each of the inner chamber 24 and the outer chamber 26.
  • a pressure PI and a temperature T1 within the inner chamber 24 is controlled to tailor conditions to boil the water.
  • a pressure P2 and a temperature T2 within the outer chamber 26 is controlled separately from the inner chamber 24.
  • a controller 62 is provided and is configured to control operation of the system 20 to transform water into steam within the inner chamber 24.
  • the controller 62 in communication control devices of the system to adjust and tailor water removal to existing conditions.
  • a first control valve 50 controls flow through outlet 38 between the manifold 40 and thereby the vacuum pump 42 and the inner chamber 24.
  • a check valve 52 is also provide in the outlet 38 to enable one way flow out of the inner chamber 24.
  • a second control valve 48 controls flow through outlet conduit 32.
  • a third control valve 56 closes off the discharge 30 and a fourth control valve 74 closes off the inlet 28.
  • the system also includes a relief valve 54 in communication with the inner chamber 24. The relief valve 54 is operable to control the pressure PI within the inner chamber 24.
  • Operation of the system 20 begins by filling the inner chamber 24 with water that contains contaminants that are to be removed.
  • the contaminants may be bacteria, salt or any other undesirable particles and substances that renders the water unusable for consumption.
  • Sanitation of the water is performed as a batch process.
  • a quantity of water fills the inner chamber 24 to a desired level.
  • the quantity of water filled within the inner chamber 24 is dependent on many conditions and operational parameters. Such conditions and parameters can include the condition of the water, the outside temperature and the availability of solar energy among other possible things.
  • the inner chamber 24 is filled approximately half of the volume and the control valves 74 and 56 are closed to seal the inner chamber 24.
  • the pump 42 or other vacuum source is then activated and begins lowering a pressure within the inner chamber 24. Lowering the pressure is performed by operation of the control valve 50 in a manner that establishes a vacuum in the inner chamber 24.
  • the temperature at which water boils and transforms into steam is dependent on pressure. At ambient conditions, water will boil at around 100 °C. As the pressure is reduced and a negative pressure is imposed, the temperature required to transform water into steam becomes much lower. For example, at a vacuum of approximately 0.51 psia, water will boil at 26.7 °C, a hot sunny day. At an increased vacuum of approximately 0.18 psia, water will boil at 10°C, approximate groundwater temperature in the U.S.
  • the inner chamber 24 is exposed to solar energy that heats the water.
  • the lens 36 focuses this energy into the inner chamber 24 as indicated at 70 in Figure 4.
  • the reflective coatings 72 and 64 enable a magnification of the thermal energy that heats the water.
  • the controller 62 operates the control valve 54 to maintain pressure PI and temperature T1 within the inner chamber 24.
  • As water is transformed to steam, the steam is exhausted through the conduit 38 and out of the inner chamber 24.
  • the controller 62 operates the pump 42, control valve 50 and control valve 54 to maintain conditions in the inner chamber 24 as water is boiled off and removed through the conduit 38.
  • the process is continually monitored and with pressure and temperature sensors disposed in the inner chamber 24 until all or a desired amount of water is boiled off and removed from the chamber 24.
  • the pressure P2 within the outer chamber 26 is also drawn down to increase insulating properties and capacities of the space surrounding the inner chamber 24. Insulating the inner chamber 24 reduces heat loss to maintain thermal energy utilized for heating and transforming water into steam.
  • the steam evaporated from the inner chamber 24 is drawn into a pump 76 and compressed into a bi-phase liquid steam mixture. This is then expelled into the condenser 58 for further distilling into a liquid state.
  • the condenser 58 may be surrounded by water from the feed source for cooling.
  • the condenser 58 can be additionally cooled by secondary cooling sources from electrical cooling, water cooling or common air-cooled condensers.
  • the steam exhausted from the inner chamber 24 is routed through the manifold 40 and to the condenser 58.
  • the steam may be routed through the heat exchanger 46 to communicate thermal energy to preheat water for the next batch of water to be sanitized.
  • the heat exchanger 46 may also transfer thermal energy into other systems.
  • the steam is transformed back to a liquid form and stored in the storage tank 60 to accumulate water for distribution.
  • the disclosed system 20 utilizes the sealed inner chamber 24 and sealed outer chambers 26 to apply variable pressures and temperatures to intake water drawn into the inner chamber 24.
  • the controlled vacuum pump 42 varies internal pressures PI, P2 in each chamber 24, 26 to adjust conditions to transform water into steam.
  • the hollow tube 25 defining the inner chamber 24 has the transparent portion 66 to direct solar energy 68 that is magnified and focused by the lens 36.
  • the remainder of the inner chamber 24 surfaces have a reflective coating 72 to reflect light and minimizing radiant heat loss. The thermal energy generated and provided in the inner chamber 24 is therefore more than sufficient to boil the water off without further input of power.
  • the discloses system 20 provides for the efficient use of solar energy and controlled negative chamber pressures to sanitize and/or desalinate water.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'assainissement de l'eau comprenant une chambre interne et une chambre externe disposée au moins partiellement autour de la chambre interne. Une lentille concentre l'énergie solaire appliquée à un liquide dans la chambre interne. Une source de vide communique séparément avec la chambre interne et la chambre externe. La source de vide commande une pression à l'intérieur de la chambre interne séparément de la chambre externe pour commander la conversion du liquide à l'intérieur de la chambre interne en un gaz. La chambre extérieure, également sous vide, est une couche isolante qui prévient la perte de chaleur.
PCT/US2022/036764 2020-12-21 2022-07-12 Système de dessalement sous vide assisté par énergie solaire WO2023287747A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202063198446P 2020-12-21 2020-12-21
US17/374,090 US11629069B2 (en) 2020-07-15 2021-07-13 Solar powered vacuum assisted desalination system
US17/374,090 2021-07-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023287747A1 true WO2023287747A1 (fr) 2023-01-19

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117208998A (zh) * 2023-11-09 2023-12-12 福建浩达智能科技股份有限公司 一种用于对海水进行淡化的装置、方法以及设备

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6058718A (en) * 1996-04-08 2000-05-09 Forsberg; Francis C Portable, potable water recovery and dispensing apparatus
US20070245730A1 (en) * 2004-04-23 2007-10-25 Msc Power (S) Pte Ltd Structure and Methods Using Multi-Systems for Electricity Generation and Water Desalination
US20100319680A1 (en) * 2009-06-22 2010-12-23 Edmund Joseph Kelly Concentrating Solar Energy System for Multiple Uses
US20110174605A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2011-07-21 Nicolas Ugolin Method for the desalination or purification of water by distillation of a spray (spray pump)
US20130219888A1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2013-08-29 Wuhan Kaidi Engineering Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Method and system for power generation
US20140027268A1 (en) * 2010-12-29 2014-01-30 H2Do Ab Purification of water by heating with sunlight, via optical cable
US20150298991A1 (en) * 2015-04-27 2015-10-22 Eric Laurent Salama Water desalination system and method using fresnel lens
US20160123628A1 (en) * 2013-04-26 2016-05-05 Sol-Electrica, Llc Heat Concentrator Device for Solar Power System
US20160229706A1 (en) * 2013-10-14 2016-08-11 John R. Ackerman Water harvester and purification system
US10183233B1 (en) * 2018-02-20 2019-01-22 King Saud University Solar desalination system
US20190351347A1 (en) * 2018-05-15 2019-11-21 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Desalination and climate control system
WO2020190995A1 (fr) * 2019-03-18 2020-09-24 Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York Système de dessalement
US20210206658A1 (en) * 2018-08-17 2021-07-08 WaterTransformer GmbH Solar-powered continuous distillation assembly having efficient heat recovery

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6058718A (en) * 1996-04-08 2000-05-09 Forsberg; Francis C Portable, potable water recovery and dispensing apparatus
US20070245730A1 (en) * 2004-04-23 2007-10-25 Msc Power (S) Pte Ltd Structure and Methods Using Multi-Systems for Electricity Generation and Water Desalination
US20110174605A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2011-07-21 Nicolas Ugolin Method for the desalination or purification of water by distillation of a spray (spray pump)
US20100319680A1 (en) * 2009-06-22 2010-12-23 Edmund Joseph Kelly Concentrating Solar Energy System for Multiple Uses
US20130219888A1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2013-08-29 Wuhan Kaidi Engineering Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Method and system for power generation
US20140027268A1 (en) * 2010-12-29 2014-01-30 H2Do Ab Purification of water by heating with sunlight, via optical cable
US20160123628A1 (en) * 2013-04-26 2016-05-05 Sol-Electrica, Llc Heat Concentrator Device for Solar Power System
US20160229706A1 (en) * 2013-10-14 2016-08-11 John R. Ackerman Water harvester and purification system
US20150298991A1 (en) * 2015-04-27 2015-10-22 Eric Laurent Salama Water desalination system and method using fresnel lens
US10183233B1 (en) * 2018-02-20 2019-01-22 King Saud University Solar desalination system
US20190351347A1 (en) * 2018-05-15 2019-11-21 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Desalination and climate control system
US20210206658A1 (en) * 2018-08-17 2021-07-08 WaterTransformer GmbH Solar-powered continuous distillation assembly having efficient heat recovery
WO2020190995A1 (fr) * 2019-03-18 2020-09-24 Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York Système de dessalement

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117208998A (zh) * 2023-11-09 2023-12-12 福建浩达智能科技股份有限公司 一种用于对海水进行淡化的装置、方法以及设备
CN117208998B (zh) * 2023-11-09 2024-03-19 福建浩达智能科技股份有限公司 一种用于对海水进行淡化的装置、方法以及设备

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