WO2023285949A1 - Appareil de détection optique pour compter les graines passant à travers un tube d'ensemencement d'une machine d'ensemencement - Google Patents

Appareil de détection optique pour compter les graines passant à travers un tube d'ensemencement d'une machine d'ensemencement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023285949A1
WO2023285949A1 PCT/IB2022/056393 IB2022056393W WO2023285949A1 WO 2023285949 A1 WO2023285949 A1 WO 2023285949A1 IB 2022056393 W IB2022056393 W IB 2022056393W WO 2023285949 A1 WO2023285949 A1 WO 2023285949A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
seeds
light
detection apparatus
passage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2022/056393
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raffaele PARROZZANI
Livio BOVO
Original Assignee
Ynnova S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ynnova S.R.L. filed Critical Ynnova S.R.L.
Priority to EP22744528.5A priority Critical patent/EP4369905A1/fr
Publication of WO2023285949A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023285949A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
    • A01C7/10—Devices for adjusting the seed-box ; Regulation of machines for depositing quantities at intervals
    • A01C7/102—Regulating or controlling the seed rate
    • A01C7/105—Seed sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
    • A01C7/081—Seeders depositing seeds in rows using pneumatic means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical detection apparatus, i.e. a sensor, for counting the seeds that pass through a seeding tube of a seeding machine, which is adapted to be installed along a seeding tube of any conventional seeding machine.
  • an optical detection apparatus i.e. a sensor
  • the most widespread sensors are those based on infrared optical technology, which are capable of detecting the passage of the seed using the barrier, or blocking, effect: the seed transiting inside the seeding tube generates a break in the infrared light beam which is detected by the photodetectors.
  • the simplest systems are constituted by one or more LED emitters positioned on one side and by one or more photodetectors (photodiodes or phototransistors) positioned on the opposite side of the seeding tube.
  • One known system for reducing the areas not covered consists in increasing the characteristic angle of emitters and receivers. This is the angle at which the residual light intensity/residual detection sensitivity is 50% of the maximum value. For example, if there are three light emitters facing three detectors, the central detector receives a normalized quantity of light equal to 1.5: 100% of the light intensity from the corresponding central emitter (factor of 1) plus 50% from each one of the two side emitters, with an angle in which the sensitivity of said receiver is 50% (factor of 0.25 x 2).
  • a first seed which transits in front of the central emitter, breaking the direct light beam, generates a darkening that is equal to a factor of 1, while a second seed, which transits laterally, breaking only the diagonal light beam, generates a darkening equal to a factor of 0.25. It is clear that in order to also make use of the diagonal light beams it is necessary to increase the sensitivity of the system, with the risk of also detecting small impurities or debris and counting them as seeds.
  • EP3135090A1 describes a sensor that uses a system of screening the LED emitters in order to reduce their emission cone and limit the effects described above. This entails, disadvantageously, a loss of the total light intensity of the emitters and the presence of areas not covered between one emitter and the next.
  • US201 5/0293257 A1 describes a sensor that uses three LED emitters arranged in a vertical direction, the light from which is reflected and deviated 90° inside the seeding tube by an optical element.
  • the receiver element is constituted by a high-resolution linear sensor (photodiodes, CCD or CMOS) that covers the entire width of the tube.
  • the screening of the LED emitters and the shape structure of the optical element make it possible to obtain parallel light beams of equal intensity that illuminate the entire cross-section of the tube.
  • the shadow generated by the seed is therefore independent of the fall point, and this together with the high resolution of the photodetector enables a more accurate analysis of the shape of the seed and of its recognition.
  • WO2013/103937A1 describes various configurations and methods that can be applied to precision seeding sensors.
  • a series of individually-driven LED emitters is used in order to obtain a variable light emission profile.
  • the receiver is constituted by a single photodetector which extends beyond the useful cross-section of the tube or, alternatively, by an optical element, again over the entire width, which concentrates the radiant light beam onto a single photodetector of reduced dimensions.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide an optical detection apparatus for counting the seeds that pass through a seeding tube that is capable of solving the abovementioned problems and overcoming the abovementioned limitations of the background art.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an optical detection apparatus for counting the seeds that pass through a seeding tube that is more precise and reliable than the known art.
  • Another object of the invention consists in providing an optical detection apparatus for counting the seeds that pass through a seeding tube that is more versatile than the known art.
  • Another object of the invention consists in providing an optical detection apparatus for counting the seeds that pass through a seeding tube that is capable of discriminating between two or more objects that are transiting simultaneously.
  • Another object of the invention consists in providing an optical detection apparatus for counting the seeds that pass through a seeding tube that ensures better resolution in discriminating even very small seeds.
  • Another object of the invention consists in providing an optical detection apparatus for counting the seeds that pass through a seeding tube that makes it possible to avoid the presence of dark areas in which the passage of the seeds is not detected and to obtain a precise detection independently of the fall position of the seeds.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an optical detection apparatus for counting the seeds that pass through a seeding tube that is easy to implement and economically competitive.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram, in cross-section, of a first embodiment of an optical detection apparatus for counting seeds, according to the invention, in an operating condition for use;
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the optical emission unit of the apparatus of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an exploded rear view of the optical emission unit of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along a horizontal plane at the optical emitter devices of the optical emission unit of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along a vertical plane of the optical emission unit of Figure 2;
  • Figure 6 is a partially cross-sectional view of the optical emission unit of Figure 2;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the receiving unit of the apparatus of
  • Figure 8 is an exploded rear view of the receiving unit of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along a horizontal plane at the photodetection devices of the receiving unit of Figure 7;
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along a vertical plane of the receiving unit of Figure 7;
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of part of a second embodiment of an optical detection apparatus for counting seeds, according to the invention.
  • Figure 12 represents a seeding machine comprising the optical detection apparatus for counting seeds of Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 shows part of an advanced embodiment of an optical detection apparatus for counting seeds according to the invention.
  • the optical detection apparatus serves to count the seeds S that pass through a seeding tube 12, 120 of a seeding machine 200.
  • the optical detection apparatus 1, 10 is a sensor, of the type commonly known as a photocell (capable of detecting the passage of a seed using the barrier effect), and is adapted to be installed along a seeding tube 12, 120 in an operating condition for use in which it is capable of detecting the seeds S that transit through the seeding tube 12, 120.
  • the optical detection apparatus 1, 10 can be installed in any preexisting seeding tube 12, 120, both in a monogerm precision seeding machine and in a row-crop seeding machine 200.
  • the optical detection apparatus 1, 10 comprises an optical emission unit 2 which is configured to emit light radiation (i.e. light), preferably infrared light, and a receiving unit 3 which is configured to detect the abovementioned light radiation.
  • an optical emission unit 2 which is configured to emit light radiation (i.e. light), preferably infrared light
  • a receiving unit 3 which is configured to detect the abovementioned light radiation.
  • the optical emission unit 2 and the receiving unit 3 are positioned on two opposite sides of the seeding tube 12 (as illustrated for example in Figure 1), or of a passage for the seeds S which is connected to the seeding tube 120 (as illustrated for example in Figure 12), so that the light emitted by the optical emission unit 2 passes through the section of the seeding tube 12 (or of the passage for the seeds 81) before reaching the receiving unit 3; in this way the seeds S that pass through the seeding tube 12, 120 screen part of the light emitted by the optical emission unit 2, modifying the amount and the distribution of the light detected by the receiving unit 3, which can be connected, in a known manner, to an electronic control unit which, as a function of the detections made by the receiving unit 3, extracts information about the seeds S that pass through the seeding tube 12, 120 (for example number, frequency of transit, dimensions etc.) by means of known algorithms.
  • the optical emission unit 2 comprises a plurality of light emitting devices 21, such as for example LEDs and/or lasers, each one of which emits its own beam of light (typically conical).
  • these light emitters 21 are arranged along an emission plane a (which in the operating condition for use is arranged substantially parallel to the Y axis of the seeding tube 12 or of the passage for the seeds 81) and is preferably arranged in a row along a respective transverse axis X (lying on the emission plane a) which in the operating condition for use is substantially perpendicular to the Y axis of the seeding tube 12 or of the passage for the seeds 81.
  • the light emitting devices 21 comprise LEDs and/or lasers that emit infrared light.
  • the receiving unit 3 is configured to detect the light emitted by the abovementioned light emitting devices 21 and comprises a plurality of photodetection devices (i.e. light detectors) 31, which comprise for example photodiodes or phototransistors.
  • photodetection devices i.e. light detectors
  • these photodetection devices 31 are arranged along a detection plane b (which in the operating condition for use is arranged substantially parallel to the Y axis of the seeding tube 12 or of the passage for the seeds 81) and is preferably arranged in a row along a respective transverse axis Z (lying on the detection plane b) which in the operating condition for use is substantially perpendicular to the X axis of the seeding tube 12 or of the passage for the seeds 81.
  • the photodetection devices 31 comprise sensors configured to detect infrared light.
  • the optical emission unit 2 comprises an optical collimation element 23 which is configured to collimate the beams of light emitted by the light emitting devices 21 so as to form a single collimated beam 9 of light with substantially parallel rays (in the sense of geometrical optics), which in the preferred embodiments is propagated in a direction substantially perpendicular to the emission plane a and to the transverse axis X.
  • the optical collimation element 23 acts as a lens, collimates the beams of light emitted by the individual light emitting devices 21 and combines them in a single collimated beam 9, which is transversely continuous and spatially homogeneous.
  • this makes it possible to prevent dark areas between one emitter 21 of light and the next.
  • optical collimation element 23 can be extended over the entire width of the seeding tube 12 (or of the passage for the seeds 81), so as to obtain a continuous emission of light on the entire width of the passage cross-section d, d’ in which the seeds S transit.
  • the optical collimation element 23 is constituted by a body (preferably a single monolithic body) made of a material that is at least partially transparent to the light emitted by the light emitters 21, such as a plastic material or glass, which comprises a series of protrusions 24, each one of which is located at one of the light emitting devices 21.
  • the protrusions 24 referred to above are, in other words, curved (convex) surfaces shaped according to common general knowledge in optics, so as to obtain the optical effect just described.
  • the receiving unit 3 comprises an optical concentration element 33 which is configured to concentrate the collimated beam 9 onto the individual photodetection devices 31; in this manner basically what is obtained is a continuous receiver over the entire width of the optical concentration element 33.
  • optical concentration element 33 can be extended over the entire width d, d' of the seeding tube 12 (or of the passage for the seeds 81), so as to obtain a continuous receiver over the entire width of the passage cross-section d, d’ in which the seeds S transit.
  • the optical concentration element 33 is constituted by a body made of a material that is at least partially transparent to the light emitted by the light emitting devices 21, such as a plastic material or glass, which comprises a series of conical or frustum-shaped protrusions 34, each one of which is arranged at one of the individual photodetection devices 31.
  • the conical or frustum-shaped protrusions 34 operate as a light guide toward the active area of each photodetector device 31: these make it possible to concentrate the light beam within the characteristic angle of the photodetection devices 31, i.e. the area of greatest sensitivity of the photodetector 31, and ensure an angular acceptance that is capable of compensating any misalignments between the optical emission unit 2 and the receiving unit 3 which are due for example to the shape structure of the seeding tube 12.
  • the optical concentration element 33 is shaped so as to subdivide, inside it, the collimated beam 9 into a plurality of individual beams of light, one for each photodetector device 31 , and to convey each one of these individual beams toward a respective photodetector device 31. In this manner, all the light from the collimated beam 9 is detected and, at the same time, no portion of light of the collimated beam 9 is detected by more than one photodetector device 31.
  • the optical collimation element 23 and the optical concentration element 33 are designed and provided as monolithic elements which are associated with a plurality of emitters and receivers which extend over the entire length of the passage area of the seeds.
  • the projected area is substantially equal to the area of emission.
  • This uniformity in the emitted light beam in addition to the evident advantage of not generating areas of shadow or areas of different intensity and sensitivity in the passage cross-section that could compromise the detection of the seed, also makes it possible to use a different number of emitters and receivers, thus increasing the flexibility of the system. For example, in order to increase the resolution of the system or owing to dimensional restrictions, the number of receivers could be varied without having to redesign the emission side, and vice versa.
  • the shape structure of these optical elements combined with the alveolar structure 25 that limits crosstalk, makes it possible to define contiguous but well-separated channels of the light beam which in turn make it possible to subdivide the passage area of the seeds into a form of virtual detection grille. This makes it possible to determine the area of transit of the seed with greater precision and to obtain more information about its size as a function of the position and of the number of channels obscured.
  • This virtual detection grille is most effective in the configuration where there is an equal number of emitters and receivers, i.e. where an individual emitter illuminates only the corresponding receiver. But also in other configurations it is still possible to implement schedules of sequentially powering on the emitters in order to individually activate the channels of the grille.
  • the two monolithic optics are very compact and have surfaces for the input and output of the light beam that are coplanar. This, in addition to ensuring a simpler and more economic provision, implies a high efficiency of the system, considering that the light beam (emitted or received) has to travel a short distance between the point of input and the point of output without undergoing deviations and/or reflections.
  • the optical emission unit 2 comprises a structure 25 (and more precisely an alveolar structure) for the confinement of the individual beams of light emitted by the light emitting devices 21; this structure 25 is arranged between the light emitting devices 21 and the optical collimation element 23.
  • Such structure 25 comprises a series of separate channels 26 (i.e. passages, openings or tunnels, optically isolated from each other), one for each light emitting device 21, each one located at a respective light emitting device 21.
  • the structure 25 comprises a plate provided with a series of seats, each one of which is adapted to accommodate a respective light emitting device 21 at a respective separate channel 26 (which comprises a circular inlet hole).
  • the structure 25 for the confinement of light beams makes it possible to keep the beams of light separate on the passage between the emitter of light 21 and the optical collimation element 23, so limiting crosstalk.
  • the structure 25 substantially leaves the emission cone of the individual emitter of light 21 unaltered, screening only the peripheral components. As a consequence it does not reduce the intensity of the light beam coming from the emitter, thus ensuring a high efficiency of the system.
  • the optical detection apparatus also comprises an optical integration element 40 which is adapted to even out the irradiance of the collimated beam 9.
  • optical integration element 40 in the operating condition for use, is positioned between the optical emission unit 2 and the receiving unit 3, or integrated in the optical emission unit 2 downstream of the optical collimation element 23.
  • the optical integration element 40 comprises an array of microlenses 41 which is passed through by the collimated beam 9.
  • the optical emission unit 2 comprises a box-like body 20 which includes the light emitting devices 21 and which comprises an emission window 29 which is closed by a transparent protective panel 28 (such as for example a protective glass pane), which is passed through by the collimated beam of light 9 in output from the optical collimation element 23.
  • a transparent protective panel 28 such as for example a protective glass pane
  • the receiving unit 3 comprises a protective body 30 inside which the photodetection devices 31 are accommodated and which comprises a receiving window 39 from which the optical concentration element 33 looks out.
  • the optical emission unit 2 and the receiving unit 3 are two separate and independent elements (not coupled mechanically) so that each one can be fixed to one of two opposite sides of a pre-existing seeding tube 12 so as to face toward the inside thereof, for example through adapted openings 13 A, 13B in the wall of the tube 12 (typically circular openings 18 mm in diameter).
  • box-like bodies 20 and 30 are provided with circular protruding portions or flanges 27, 37 which are adapted to be inserted into the openings 13 A, 13B in the wall of the tube 12.
  • the optical detection apparatus 1 can therefore be configured in an operating condition for use (illustrated in Figure 1) in which the optical emission unit 2 and the receiving unit 3 face each other in a seeding tube 12 so that the light emitted by the optical emission unit 2 reaches the receiving unit 3 by passing transversely through the seeding tube 12.
  • the optical collimation element 23 and the optical concentration element 33 extend over the entire passage width d of the seeding tube (indicated with the letter “d” in Figure 1 since the tube 12 taken as an example has a square cross-section), so that the collimated beam of light 9, in propagating from the optical collimation element 23 to the optical concentration element 33, covers the entire width d of the passage cross-section of the seeding tube 12 in which the seeds S pass.
  • the optical detection apparatus 10 comprises a single main body 80 in which both the optical emission unit 2 and the receiving unit 3 are integrated.
  • This main body 80 defines inside it a passage for the seeds 81, preferably rectangular in cross-section and even more preferably square, with a width of the passage cross-section that in the figures is indicated with the letter d’ .
  • the optical emission unit 2 and the receiving unit 3 are arranged on two opposite sides of the passage for the seeds 81.
  • the optical collimation element 23 and the optical concentration element 33 extend for the entire passage width d' of the passage for the seeds 81, so that the collimated beam of light 9, in propagating from the optical collimation element 23 to the optical concentration element 33, covers the entire passage width d' of the passage for the seeds 81.
  • the main body 80 further comprises two connectors 88, 89 for connecting the apparatus 10 to a seeding tube 120 so that the seeds S that transit through the seeding tube 120 will pass through the passage for the seeds 81: an input connector 88 (preferably a connecting flange with a circular cross-section) for the connection of a portion of a seeding tube 120 in input to the passage for the seeds 81 and an output connector 89 (preferably a connecting flange with a circular cross-section) for the connection of a portion of the seeding tube 120 in output from the seed passage 81.
  • an input connector 88 preferably a connecting flange with a circular cross-section
  • an output connector 89 preferably a connecting flange with a circular cross-section
  • the quadrangular passage cross- section at the optical elements 23, 33 makes it possible to have a flat optical apparatus and prevent the optical aberrations that would arise in the peripheral areas of a curved optical apparatus.
  • the optical detection apparatus can be installed in any seeding machine 200 that comprises at least one seeding tube 12, 120 through which the seeds S to be sown transit, positioned along such seeding tube 12, 120.
  • Figure 12 shows a conventional row-crop seeding machine 200 which comprises a hopper 271 for feeding the seeds S, a blower 272 for generating an air flow to convey the seeds S, and a mushroom head 273 for distributing the seeds S in a plurality of seeding tubes 120, in which an optical detection apparatus 10 like the one in Figure 11 is positioned along each one of the seeding tubes 120 (in the figure only one is visible but there is preferably a plurality).
  • the optical detection apparatus for counting the seeds that pass through a seeding tube achieves the intended aim and objects in that it is more precise and reliable, as well as more versatile, than the known art.
  • optical detection apparatus consists in that it is capable of discriminating between two or more objects that are transiting simultaneously.
  • optical detection apparatus consists in that it ensures better resolution in discriminating even very small seeds.
  • optical detection apparatus consists in that it makes it possible to avoid the presence of dark areas in which the passage of the seeds is not detected and to obtain a precise detection independently of the fall position of the seeds.
  • optical detection apparatus consists in that it is easy to implement and economically competitive.
  • optical detection apparatus for counting the seeds that pass through a seeding tube thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations all of which are within the scope of the appended claims.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de détection optique (1, 10) de comptage des graines (S) passant à travers un tube d'ensemencement (12, 120) d'une machine d'ensemencement (200), qui est conçu pour être installé le long d'un tube d'ensemencement (12, 120) dans un état de fonctionnement destiné à être utilisé, et comprenant : une unité d'émission optique (2) qui comprend une pluralité de dispositifs électroluminescents (21), dont chacun émet son propre faisceau de lumière, et une unité de réception (3) qui est configurée pour détecter la lumière émise par les dispositifs électroluminescents (21) et comprend une pluralité de dispositifs de photodétection (31) ; l'unité d'émission optique (2) comprend un élément optique de collimation (23) qui est configuré pour collimater les faisceaux de lumière émis par les dispositifs électroluminescents (21) de manière à former un faisceau collimaté unique (9) de lumière avec des rayons sensiblement parallèles ; l'unité de réception (3) comprend un élément de concentration optique (33) qui est configuré pour concentrer le faisceau collimaté (9) sur les dispositifs de photodétection individuels (31).
PCT/IB2022/056393 2021-07-15 2022-07-11 Appareil de détection optique pour compter les graines passant à travers un tube d'ensemencement d'une machine d'ensemencement WO2023285949A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22744528.5A EP4369905A1 (fr) 2021-07-15 2022-07-11 Appareil de détection optique pour compter les graines passant à travers un tube d'ensemencement d'une machine d'ensemencement

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT202100018677 2021-07-15
IT102021000018677 2021-07-15

Publications (1)

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WO2023285949A1 true WO2023285949A1 (fr) 2023-01-19

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PCT/IB2022/056393 WO2023285949A1 (fr) 2021-07-15 2022-07-11 Appareil de détection optique pour compter les graines passant à travers un tube d'ensemencement d'une machine d'ensemencement

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5847389A (en) * 1995-05-15 1998-12-08 Phoenix International Corporation Seed monitoring system for counting seeds as they are dispensed through seed tubes in an air seeding system
US6093926A (en) * 1995-05-15 2000-07-25 Deere & Company Method of counting seeds dispensed through seed tubes of an air seeding system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5847389A (en) * 1995-05-15 1998-12-08 Phoenix International Corporation Seed monitoring system for counting seeds as they are dispensed through seed tubes in an air seeding system
US6093926A (en) * 1995-05-15 2000-07-25 Deere & Company Method of counting seeds dispensed through seed tubes of an air seeding system

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