WO2023284521A1 - 一种动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法 - Google Patents

一种动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法 Download PDF

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WO2023284521A1
WO2023284521A1 PCT/CN2022/101028 CN2022101028W WO2023284521A1 WO 2023284521 A1 WO2023284521 A1 WO 2023284521A1 CN 2022101028 W CN2022101028 W CN 2022101028W WO 2023284521 A1 WO2023284521 A1 WO 2023284521A1
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angle
channel
time
probe
dimensional
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PCT/CN2022/101028
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French (fr)
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蒋政波
汪占源
郭翀
洪伟
郝张成
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东南大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/0082—Monitoring; Testing using service channels; using auxiliary channels
    • H04B17/0087—Monitoring; Testing using service channels; using auxiliary channels using auxiliary channels or channel simulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/318—Received signal strength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H04B17/3912—Simulation models, e.g. distribution of spectral power density or received signal strength indicator [RSSI] for a given geographic region
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/06—Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication testing, and in particular relates to a four-dimensional air interface performance testing method for dynamic scene channels.
  • MPAC is to arrange multiple antenna probes at different positions in the anechoic chamber according to a certain spatial density, which can be spherical, flat, cylindrical or other distributions, to simulate multiple incident angles or arrival angles, and use the fading channel matrix generated by the channel simulator to realize Construct the spatial channel environment around the device under test (DUT). Therefore, the position, quantity and power weight of the probes in the MPAC test system all have an important impact on the accuracy of the channel simulation.
  • a suitable probe selection optimization algorithm can greatly reduce the number of channel simulator ports that need to be used. Thereby reducing the cost of the MPAC test system.
  • the current MPAC technology is mainly suitable for OTA performance testing where the spatial parameters have time-domain stationarity, and the probe optimization algorithm is aimed at a certain point in time. If the terminal is moving at high speed, the relative distance and angle between it and the base station are changing rapidly, and the channel shows non-stationary characteristics in the time domain, then the probe configuration optimized at a certain moment may not be applicable to other moments. In the 6G vision, more high-speed sports scenes will be introduced. In addition to high-speed rail, the air-space-ground-sea integration scene will also include satellites, drones, vehicles, ships and other diversified terminals, such as drone communication.
  • the channel has three-dimensional deployment, high mobility, space-time non-stationarity, etc., which may cause greater Doppler frequency shift, and the spatial characteristics of the channel will also change more significantly, which brings new challenges to OTA performance testing.
  • most of the studies have not considered the time-varying scene of spatial parameters, and it is difficult to simulate the dynamic changes of spatial parameters such as angle of arrival and angle of departure during the movement of the device. equipment, its communication performance cannot be accurately tested.
  • the existing evaluation criteria for channel simulation accuracy have static properties, while channel simulation in dynamic scenarios is carried out in a time period instead of a time point, so a new system method and overall evaluation criteria for multi-time point testing are needed to be able to More scientifically reflect the effect of channel construction.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a four-dimensional air interface performance testing method for dynamic scene channels to solve the problem of effectively and accurately reproducing the target dynamic scene channel model in the darkroom on the basis of reducing the cost of the test system as much as possible, and giving a judgment The technical issue of constructing accuracy indicators for channel models in dynamic scenarios.
  • a four-dimensional air interface performance testing method of a dynamic scene channel comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Carry out dynamic scene channel modeling
  • Step 1.1 determine the specific scene and the movement speed and trajectory of the device under test within the time T to be tested, determine the position, transmission power, frequency of the base station, and the position, movement speed and direction of the user equipment;
  • Step 1.2 Discretize the time period T to be measured into N moments [t 1 , t 2 , ..., t n , ..., t N ], and each moment corresponds to a position of the user equipment [p 1 , p 2 ,...,p n ,...,p N ], simulate the channel modeling algorithm for the user equipment at each moment, and obtain the spatial channel model at each moment, including the horizontal arrival of each cluster angle, vertical angle of arrival, horizontal angle of departure, vertical angle of departure, power, and delay; specifies the horizontal angle of arrival angle spread, vertical angle of arrival angle spread, horizontal angle of departure angle spread, vertical angle of departure angle spread, and angular power for each cluster Spectrum, so as to complete the modeling of the delay line channel of the dynamic scene cluster;
  • Step 1.3 Correct the obtained channel model through the relative line-of-sight direction between the device under test and the base station at each time, simulate the relative position between the terminal and the base station through the three-dimensional turntable, and cooperate with the multipath component simulated by the air interface probe to achieve dynamic effect;
  • Step 2 building a dynamic scene channel model in the multi-probe anechoic chamber test system
  • Step 2.2 according to the angular power spectrum distribution of each time cluster obtained by channel modeling, through the probe selection algorithm, select K active antenna probes from a total of M antenna probes, and the selected K probes are used for the time to be measured Simulate a dynamic scene channel model in section T;
  • Step 2.3 Calculating the simulated Butler beamforming power pattern B e through the selected K active probes.
  • Be ( ⁇ , t n ) a H ( ⁇ ) Re (t n )a( ⁇ ), where R e (t n ) ⁇ C U ⁇ U is the spatial correlation matrix of the simulated dynamic channel of the DUT with U antennas at time t n , Where ⁇ k is the solid angle corresponding to the kth probe, a e ( ⁇ k ) ⁇ C U ⁇ 1 represents the array steering vector of the DUT under the multi-probe darkroom method setting when the space angle is ⁇ k under the far-field condition, and u elements are where d k, u represent the distance from the k-th OTA probe to the u-th antenna, and pl(d k, u ) represents the path loss experienced during this distance; P e ( ⁇ k , t n ) represents the space at time t n
  • step 2.4 a time-averaged four-dimensional power spectrum similarity percentage is proposed for the construction quality of the multi-probe anechoic chamber method dynamic channel test system within the continuous time T, that is, the time dimension is added on the basis of the static three-dimensional PSP, and the calculation method is:
  • T is the total sampling time
  • 4D-PSP is the percentage of four-dimensional power spectrum similarity
  • P 0 is the target angle power spectrum calculated by using the Butler beamforming algorithm when the angle is ⁇ and the time is t
  • P r is the angle ⁇
  • the angular power spectrum of the constructed channel calculated by using the Butler beamforming algorithm
  • the range of the four-dimensional power spectrum similarity percentage is between 0 and 1;
  • Step 2.5 judge the dynamic channel construction quality according to the calculation result of the four-dimensional power spectrum similarity percentage.
  • the range of the horizontal angle of arrival and the horizontal angle of departure of each cluster in step 1.2 is -180° to 180°
  • the range of the vertical angle of arrival and vertical angle of departure of each cluster is 0° to 180°.
  • N is the total number of discrete time sampling.
  • Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of the dynamic scene channel four-dimensional multi-probe anechoic chamber method test system of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 (a) is a schematic structural diagram of the position ray tracing results at six moments in the construction scene according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ray tracing result at the first moment in the construction scene according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 (a) is the target Butler beamforming power pattern of the moment t1 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 (b) is the simulated Butler beamforming power pattern at time t1 of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 (a) is the target Butler beamforming power pattern at time t2 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 (b) is the simulated Butler beamforming power pattern at time t2 of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 (a) is the target Butler beamforming power pattern at time t3 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 (b) is the simulated Butler beamforming power pattern at time t3 of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 (a) is the target Butler beamforming power pattern at time t4 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 (b) is the simulated Butler beamforming power pattern at time t4 of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 (a) is the target Butler beamforming power pattern at time t5 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 (b) is the simulated Butler beamforming power pattern at time t5 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 (a) is the target Butler beamforming power pattern at time t6 of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 (b) is the simulated Butler beamforming power pattern at time t6 of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the channel modeling method can use ray-tracing algorithm (Ray-Tracing, RT) or other geometry-based random statistical channel model (Geometry-Based Stochastic Channel Model, GBSM) modeling algorithm to obtain the cluster-based delay line ( Clustered Delay Line, CDL) geometric channel model.
  • ray-tracing algorithm Ray-Tracing, RT
  • GBSM geometry-based random statistical channel model
  • CDL Clustered Delay Line
  • Step 1 Determine the specific scene and the movement speed and trajectory of the device under test within the time T to be tested, determine the position, transmission power, frequency of the base station, and the position, movement speed and direction of the user equipment;
  • Step 2 Discretize the time period T to be measured into N moments [t 1 , t 2 , ..., t n , ..., t N ], and each moment corresponds to a position of the user equipment [p 1 , p 2 ,...,p n ,...,p N ], simulate the channel modeling algorithm for the user equipment at each moment, and obtain the spatial channel model at each moment, including the horizontal arrival of each cluster Angle (Azimuth angle Of Arrival, AOA), vertical angle of arrival (Zenith angle Of Arrival, ZOA), horizontal angle of departure (Azimuth angle Of Departure, AOD), vertical angle of departure (Zenith angle Of Departure, ZOD), power (Power) And delay (Delay); specify the horizontal arrival angle spread of each cluster (Azimuth angle Spread of Arrival, ASA), the vertical arrival angle spread (Zenith angle Spread of Arrival, ZSA), the horizontal departure angle spread (Azimuth angle Spread of Departure, ASD), vertical departure angle spread (Zen
  • Step 3 Correct the obtained channel model through the relative line-of-sight direction between the equipment under test and the base station at each time, simulate the relative position between the terminal and the base station through the three-dimensional turntable, and cooperate with the multipath component simulated by the air interface probe to achieve dynamic effect;
  • Step 2 According to the angular power spectrum distribution of the clusters at each time obtained by channel modeling, select K active antenna probes from a total of M antenna probes through the probe selection algorithm, and the selected K probes are used in the time to be measured Simulate a dynamic scene channel model in section T;
  • Step 4 The concept of time-averaged four-dimensional power spectrum similarity percentage (4D PAS Similarity Percentage, 4D-PSP) is proposed for the construction quality of the multi-probe anechoic chamber method dynamic channel test system in continuous time T, that is, based on the static three-dimensional PSP The time dimension is added, and the calculation method is:
  • T is the total sampling time
  • 4D-PSP is the percentage of four-dimensional power spectrum similarity
  • P 0 is the target angle power spectrum calculated by using the Butler beamforming algorithm when the angle is ⁇ and the time is t
  • P r is the angle ⁇
  • the angular power spectrum of the constructed channel calculated by using the Butler beamforming algorithm
  • the range of the four-dimensional power spectrum similarity percentage is between 0 and 1;
  • N is the total number of discrete time sampling
  • Step 5 Evaluate the dynamic channel construction quality according to the calculation result of the four-dimensional power spectrum similarity percentage.
  • the present invention relates to a method of constructing a time-domain non-stationary dynamic scene channel model, and selecting a suitable number, position and power weight of OTA probes in a 4D-MPAC test system through a probe selection algorithm, and finally constructing a 4D target channel in the DUT test area.
  • -MPAC dynamic channel test system which contributes to solving the current OTA performance test problems of non-stationary channels in the time domain.
  • the channel modeling is carried out through the ray tracing algorithm, and the specific scene of the simulation is given, and the time to be measured is discretized into six moments [t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , t 4 , t 5 , t 6 ], and the corresponding positions Respectively [p 1 , p 2 , p 3 , p 4 , p 5 , p 6 ], the ray tracing results of the constructed urban micro-cell (Urban Micro, UMi) scene at six moments are shown in Figure 2(a) As shown, the ray tracing results in the construction scene and the first moment are shown in Fig. 2(b).
  • the reflection materials in the scene are set to be ideal materials, and the maximum number of reflections is 2, then the ray tracing results at six moments are shown in Table 1.
  • the ASA of each cluster is 22°, the ZSA is 7°, and both the horizontal and vertical PAS conform to the Laplace distribution.
  • the channel model is corrected by subtracting the horizontal line-of-sight angle from all horizontal angles of arrival, and subtracting the vertical line-of-sight angle from all vertical angles of arrival.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法，通过构建时域非平稳动态场景信道模型，通过探头选择算法在四维多探头暗室法(4D-MPAC)测试系统中选择合适数量、位置与功率权重的空口(OTA)探头，最终在DUT测试区域构建出目标信道的4D-MPAC动态信道测试系统，为解决目前时域非平稳信道的OTA性能测试问题做出了贡献。本发明的目的是提供一种动态场景信道的四维多探头暗室法(4D-MPAC)，通过构建动态场景信道模型，在尽量减少测试系统成本的基础上，能够有效、精确的在暗室中重现出目标动态场景信道模型，并给出评判该动态场景信道模型构建准确性的指标。

Description

一种动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法 技术领域
本发明属于无线通信测试技术领域，尤其涉及一种动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法。
背景技术
随着第五代移动通信(5 th Generation，5G)时代的到来，新一代移动通信的测试原理近年来成为学术界和工业界关注的焦点，而空口(Over-The-Air，OTA)测试正在逐渐取代传导测试，成为5G毫米波以及6G系统的主要测试形态。多探头暗室法(Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber，MPAC)由于精度高、适用范围广，目前是国际上认可程度最高的OTA性能测试方法。MPAC是在暗室内不同位置按一定的空间密度布置多个天线探头，可以呈球面、平面、柱面或其他分布，模拟多个入射角或到达角，并通过信道模拟器产生的衰落信道矩阵来构建待测设备(Device under test,DUT)周围的空间信道环境。因此，MPAC测试系统中探头的位置、数量以及其功率权重都对信道模拟的精度产生了重要的影响。同时，由于每个双极化天线探头对应两个信道模拟器的射频通道，而信道模拟器的价格十分昂贵，因此，合适的探头选择优化算法可以大幅度减少需要使用的信道模拟器端口数，从而减少MPAC测试系统的成本。
然而，目前的MPAC技术主要适用于空间参数具有时域平稳性的OTA性能测试，探头优化算法是针对某一时间点的。如果终端处于高速运动中，它与基站之间的相对距离和角度在快速变化，信道呈现出时域非平稳特性，那么某一时刻优化出的探头配置就不一定能用于其他时刻。而在6G愿景中，更多的高速运动场景将被引入，除了高铁之外，空天地海一体化场景中还将纳入卫星、无人机、车、船等多样化终端，如无人机通信信道具有三维部署、高 移动性、空时非平稳性等，可能带来更大的多普勒频移，信道的空间特性变化也更为显著，给OTA性能测试又带来新的挑战。截至目前，大部分的研究都没有考虑空间参数时变的场景，难以模拟出由于设备在移动过程中到达角、离开角等空间参数的动态变化，对于在特定环境下具有一定运动轨迹与速度的设备，不能精确地测试其通信性能。
现有的信道仿真精度的评估准则具有静态属性，而动态场景信道仿真是在一个时间段而不是一个时间点进行的，因此需要一个新的针对多时间点测试的系统方法与总体评估准则，才能更加科学地反映信道构建的效果。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法,以解决在尽量减少测试系统成本的基础上，能够有效、精确的在暗室中重现出目标动态场景信道模型，并给出评判该动态场景信道模型构建准确性的指标的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的具体技术方案如下：
一种动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、进行动态场景信道建模；
步骤1.1、确定具体的场景与待测时间T内待测设备的运动速度与轨迹，确定基站的位置、发射功率、频率以及用户设备的位置、运动速度和方向；
步骤1.2、将待测时间段T离散化为N个时刻[t 1，t 2，...，t n，...，t N]，每个时刻分别对应用户设备的一个位置[p 1，p 2，...，p n，...，p N]，分别对每个时刻的用户设备进行信道建模算法仿真，得到每个时刻的空间信道模型，包括每个簇的水平到达角，垂直到达角，水平离开角，垂直离开角，功率以及时延；规定每个簇的水平到达角角度扩展，垂直到达角角度扩展，水平离开角角度扩展，垂直离开角角度扩展以及角度功率谱，从而完成对动态场景簇延时线信 道的建模；
步骤1.3、通过各时刻待测设备与基站之间的相对视距方向，对得到的信道模型进行修正，通过三维转台模拟终端与基站之间的相对位置，配合空口探头模拟的多径分量，达到动态的效果；
步骤2、在多探头暗室法测试系统中构建动态场景信道模型；
步骤2.1、构建的目标信道角度功率谱与待测设备天线阵列，确定在多探头暗室法扇区内的目标巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图B t，t n时刻B t(Ω，t n)＝a H(Ω)R t(t n)a(Ω)，其中Ω＝(θ，φ)为立体角，θ为垂直方位角，φ为水平方位角，a(Ω)∈C U×1，表示待测设备在远场条件下空间角度为Ω时的阵列导向矢量，其第u个元素为
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000001
k＝2π/λ[cosθcosφ，cosθsinφ，sinθ]为角度为Ω＝(θ，φ)时的波矢量，其中λ为波长；r u＝[x u，y u，z u]为第u个天线的位置矢量，其中x u，y u，z u分别为第u个天线对应的x，y，z方向的直角坐标；R t(t n)天线的待测设备目标信道的空间相关性矩阵，R t(t n)＝∮a(Ω)P t(Ω，t n)a H(Ω)，其中P t(Ω，t n)为t n时刻空间角度为Ω时对应的归一化角度功率谱功率；
步骤2.2、根据信道建模得到的各时刻簇的角度功率谱分布，通过探头选择算法，从一共M个天线探头中选择K个激活的天线探头，被选中的K个探头用来在待测时间段T内模拟动态场景信道模型；
步骤2.3、通过选择的K个激活探头计算模拟巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图B e，t n时刻时B e(Ω，t n)＝a H(Ω)R e(t n)a(Ω)，其中R e(t n)∈C U×U为t n时刻共有U个天线的待测设备模拟动态信道的空间相关性矩阵，
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000003
其中Ω k为第k个探头对应的立体角，a e(Ω k)∈C U×1表示DUT在远场条件下空间角度为Ω k时在多探头暗室法设置下的阵列导向矢量，第u个元素为
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000004
其中d k，u表示 第k个OTA探头到第u个天线的距离，而pl(d k，u)表示这段距离经历的路径损耗；P e(Ω k，t n)表示t n时刻空间角度为Ω k的空口天线探头的归一化功率；
步骤2.4、针对连续时间T内的多探头暗室法动态信道测试系统构建质量提出了时间平均的四维功率谱相似度百分比，即在静态三维PSP基础上加入了时间维度，计算方式为：
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000006
其中T为采样总时长；4D-PSP为四维功率谱相似度百分比；P 0是角度为β时间为t时，利用巴特勒波束赋形算法计算出的目标角度功率谱；P r是角度为β时间为t时，利用巴特勒波束赋形算法计算出的构建信道的角度功率谱；四维功率谱相似度百分比的范围在0到1之间；
步骤2.5、根据四维功率谱相似度百分比的计算结果，评判动态信道构建质量。
进一步的，所述步骤1.2中每个簇的水平到达角、水平离开角的范围是-180°到180°，每个簇的垂直到达角、垂直离开角的范围是0°到180°。
进一步的，所述步骤2.4中取离散的点时四维功率谱相似度百分比的实计算方案为：
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000007
其中N为总离散时刻采样次数。
本发明的一种动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法，具有以下优点：
1.通过信道建模算法构建四维功率谱相似度百分比动态场景信道测试 系统中的基于几何基础的随机统计信道模型，其方式简单灵活，对于多种场景都具有较好的适用性。
2.设计了动态场景信道构建四维功率谱相似度百分比测试系统的基本构建与测试流程，在保证信道模型模拟精度的基础上通过探头选择算法能够大幅度降低所需信道模拟器的端口数，从而大幅度降低测试系统成本。
3.提出了四维功率谱相似度百分比4D-PSP的概念，通过该指标可以有效评判多探头暗室法测试系统中动态场景信道的构建质量。
附图说明
图1为本发明的设计的动态场景信道四维多探头暗室法测试系统原理框图；
图2(a)为本发明的实施例构建场景中6个时刻的位置射线追踪结果结构示意图；
图2(b)为本发明的实施例构建场景中第一个时刻的射线追踪结果结构示意图；
图3(a)为本发明的实施例t1时刻的目标巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图3(b)为本发明的实施例t1时刻的模拟巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图4(a)为本发明的实施例t2时刻的目标巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图4(b)为本发明的实施例t2时刻的模拟巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图5(a)为本发明的实施例t3时刻的目标巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图5(b)为本发明的实施例t3时刻的模拟巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图6(a)为本发明的实施例t4时刻的目标巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图6(b)为本发明的实施例t4时刻的模拟巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图7(a)为本发明的实施例t5时刻的目标巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图7(b)为本发明的实施例t5时刻的模拟巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图8(a)为本发明的实施例t6时刻的目标巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
图8(b)为本发明的实施例t6时刻的模拟巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图；
具体实施方式
为了更好地了解本发明的目的、结构及功能，下面结合附图，对本发明一种动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法做进一步详细的描述。
为了构建移动场景信道测试系统，待测的连续时间段需要被离散化为多个时刻，对每个时刻进行信道建模，此操作需要注意各采样点之间的位移距离来保证空间一致性(Spatial Consistency)。信道建模方法可采用射线追踪算法(Ray-Tracing，RT)或其他基于几何基础的随机统计信道模型(Geometry-Based Stochastic Channel Model，GBSM)建模算法，得到各个时刻的基于簇延时线(Clustered Delay Line，CDL)的几何信道模型。通过DUT与发射台之间的视距(Line-of-Sight，LOS)方向作为基准方向，同时利用暗室内三维转台上DUT的旋转和MPAC探头墙上激活探头位置的改变来模拟被测设备的运动，并仿真由此产生的角度、功率、时延、多普勒频率等信道参数的变化。具体的测试系统原理框图见图1。
动态场景信道建模中需要完成以下步骤：
步骤1、确定具体的场景与待测时间T内待测设备的运动速度与轨迹，确定基站的位置、发射功率、频率以及用户设备的位置、运动速度和方向；
步骤2、将待测时间段T离散化为N个时刻[t 1，t 2，...，t n，...，t N]，每个时刻分别对应用户设备的一个位置[p 1，p 2，...，p n，...，p N]，分别对每个时刻的用户设备进行信道建模算法仿真，得到每个时刻的空间信道模型，包括每个簇的水平到达角(Azimuth angle Of Arrival，AOA)，垂直到达角(Zenith angle Of Arrival，ZOA)，水平离开角(Azimuth angle Of Departure，AOD)， 垂直离开角(Zenith angle Of Departure，ZOD)，功率(Power)以及时延(Delay)；规定每个簇的水平到达角角度扩展(Azimuth angle Spread of Arrival，ASA)，垂直到达角角度扩展(Zenith angle Spread of Arrival，ZSA)，水平离开角角度扩展(Azimuth angle Spread of Departure，ASD)，垂直离开角角度扩展(Zenith angle Spread of Departure，ZSD)以及角度功率谱(Power angular spectrum，PAS)，从而完成对动态场景簇延时线信道的建模；每个簇的水平到达角、水平离开角的范围是-180°到180°，每个簇的垂直到达角、垂直离开角的范围是0°到180°。
步骤3、通过各时刻待测设备与基站之间的相对视距方向，对得到的信道模型进行修正，通过三维转台模拟终端与基站之间的相对位置，配合空口探头模拟的多径分量，达到动态的效果；
在多探头暗室法测试系统中构建动态场景信道模型：
步骤1、构建的目标信道角度功率谱与待测设备天线阵列，确定在多探头暗室法扇区内的目标巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图B t，t n时刻B t(Ω，t n)＝a H(Ω)R t(t n)a(Ω)，其中Ω＝(θ，φ)为立体角，θ为垂直方位角，φ为水平方位角，a(Ω)∈C U×1，表示待测设备在远场条件下空间角度为Ω时的阵列导向矢量，其第u个元素为
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000008
k＝2π/λ[cosθcosφ，cosθsinφ，sinθ]为角度为Ω＝(θ，φ)时的波矢量，其中λ为波长；r u＝[x u，y u，z u]为第u个天线的位置矢量，其中x u，y u，z u分别为第u个天线对应的x，y，z方向的直角坐标；R t(t n)天线的待测设备目标信道的空间相关性矩阵，R t(t n)＝∮a(Ω)P t(Ω，t n)a H(Ω)，其中P t(Ω，t n)为t n时刻空间角度为Ω时对应的归一化角度功率谱功率；
步骤2、根据信道建模得到的各时刻簇的角度功率谱分布，通过探头选择算法，从一共M个天线探头中选择K个激活的天线探头，被选中的K个探 头用来在待测时间段T内模拟动态场景信道模型；
步骤3、通过选择的K个激活探头计算模拟巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图B e，t n时刻时B e(Ω，t n)＝a H(Ω)R e(t n)a(Ω)，其中R e(t n)∈C U×U为t n时刻共有U个天线的待测设备模拟动态信道的空间相关性矩阵，
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000010
其中Ω k为第k个探头对应的立体角，a e(Ω k)∈C U×1表示DUT在远场条件下空间角度为Ω k时在多探头暗室法设置下的阵列导向矢量，第u个元素为
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000011
其中d k，u表示第k个OTA探头到第u个天线的距离，而pl(d k，u)表示这段距离经历的路径损耗；P e(Ω k，t n)表示t n时刻空间角度为Ω k的空口天线探头的归一化功率；
步骤4、针对连续时间T内的多探头暗室法动态信道测试系统构建质量提出了时间平均的四维功率谱相似度百分比(4D PAS Similarity Percentage，4D-PSP)的概念，即在静态三维PSP基础上加入了时间维度，计算方式为：
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000013
其中T为采样总时长；4D-PSP为四维功率谱相似度百分比；P 0是角度为β时间为t时，利用巴特勒波束赋形算法计算出的目标角度功率谱；P r是角度为β时间为t时，利用巴特勒波束赋形算法计算出的构建信道的角度功率谱；四维功率谱相似度百分比的范围在0到1之间；
由于实际测试时需要取离散的点，因此4D-PSP的实际计算方案为：
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000014
其中N为总离散时刻采样次数；
步骤5、根据四维功率谱相似度百分比的计算结果，评判动态信道构建质量。
本发明涉及一种通过构建时域非平稳动态场景信道模型，通过探头选择算法在4D-MPAC测试系统中选择合适数量、位置与功率权重的OTA探头，最终在DUT测试区域构建出目标信道的4D-MPAC动态信道测试系统，为解决目前时域非平稳信道的OTA性能测试问题做出了贡献。为详细说明本发明的原理与流程，下面给出一个具体实例。
首先通过射线追踪算法进行信道建模，给出仿真的具体场景，将待测时间离散化为6个时刻[t 1，t 2，t 3，t 4，t 5，t 6]，对应的位置分别为[p 1，p 2，p 3，p 4，p 5，p 6]，构建的城市微小区(Urban Micro，UMi)场景中6个时刻的位置的射线追踪结果如图2(a)所示，构建场景中与第一个时刻的射线追踪结果如图2(b)所示。其中基站高度设置为15米，载波频率设置为f＝28GHz，接收端用户设备高度设置为1米，速度为30km/h。设置场景中反射材料均为理想材质，最大反射次数为2，则6个时刻的射线追踪结果如表1所示。另外，每个簇的ASA为22°，ZSA为7°，水平和垂直PAS都符合拉普拉斯分布。
表1 各时刻射线追踪的结果
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000016
4D-MPAC探头墙设置为水平覆盖角度为-90°到90°，垂直覆盖角度为60°到120°，每个探头水平和垂直间隔都为5°，故一共有M＝(180/5-1)(60/5-1)＝385个探头，设置探头选择数目K＝32，并假设DUT为8×8的阵列天线，每个单天线为全向天线且垂直于水平天线间距均为λ/2。对信道模型进行修正，将所有水平到达角减去水平视距角度，所有垂直到达角减去垂直视距角度。则每个时刻的目标巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图与模拟巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图如图3(a)，图3(b)，图4(a)，图4(b)，图5(a)，图5(b)，图6(a)，图6(b)，图7(a)，图7(b)，图8(a)，图8(b)所示，各时刻的PSP以及4D-PSP如表2所示。可见经过探头选择后的4D-PSP可达到85.85％，具有良好的信道构建效果。
表2 各时刻的PSP以及4D-PSP
Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-000017
可以理解，本发明是通过一些实施例进行描述的，本领域技术人员知悉的，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。另外，在本发明的教导下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行修改以适应具体的情况及材料而不会脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制，所有落入本申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明所保护的范围内。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、进行动态场景信道建模；
    步骤1.1、确定具体的场景与待测时间T内待测设备的运动速度与轨迹，确定基站的位置、发射功率、频率以及用户设备的位置、运动速度和方向；
    步骤1.2、将待测时间段T离散化为N个时刻[t 1，t 2，...，t n，...，t N]，每个时刻分别对应用户设备的一个位置[p 1，p 2，...，p n，...，p N]，分别对每个时刻的用户设备进行信道建模算法仿真，得到每个时刻的空间信道模型，包括每个簇的水平到达角，垂直到达角，水平离开角，垂直离开角，功率以及时延；规定每个簇的水平到达角角度扩展，垂直到达角角度扩展，水平离开角角度扩展，垂直离开角角度扩展以及角度功率谱，从而完成对动态场景簇延时线信道的建模；
    步骤1.3、通过各时刻待测设备与基站之间的相对视距方向，对得到的信道模型进行修正，通过三维转台模拟终端与基站之间的相对位置，配合空口探头模拟的多径分量，达到动态的效果；
    步骤2、在多探头暗室法测试系统中构建动态场景信道模型；
    步骤2.1、构建的目标信道角度功率谱与待测设备天线阵列，确定在多探头暗室法扇区内的目标巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图B t，t n时刻B t(Ω，t n)＝a H(Ω)R t(t n)a(Ω)，其中Ω＝(θ，φ)为立体角，θ为垂直方位角，φ为水平方位角，a(Ω)∈C U×1，表示待测设备在远场条件下空间角度为Ω时的阵列导向矢量，其第u个元素为
    Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-100001
    k＝2π/λ[cosθcosφ，cosθcosφ，sinθ]为角度为Ω＝(θ，φ)时的波矢量，其中λ为波长；r u＝[x u，y u，z u]为第u个天线的位置矢量，其中x u，y u，z u分别为第u个天线对应的x，y，z方向的直角坐标；R t(t n)天线的待测设备目标信道的空间相关性矩阵，R t(t n)＝ ∮a(Ω)P t(Ω，t n)a H(Ω)，其中P t(Ω，t n)为t n时刻空间角度为Ω时对应的归一化角度功率谱功率；
    步骤2.2、根据信道建模得到的各时刻簇的角度功率谱分布，通过探头选择算法，从一共M个天线探头中选择K个激活的天线探头，被选中的K个探头用来在待测时间段T内模拟动态场景信道模型；
    步骤2.3、通过选择的K个激活探头计算模拟巴特勒波束赋形功率方向图B e，t n时刻时B e(Ω，t n)＝a H(Ω)R e(t n)a(Ω)，其中R e(t n)∈C U×U为t n时刻共有U个天线的待测设备模拟动态信道的空间相关性矩阵，
    Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-100003
    其中Ω k为第k个探头对应的立体角，a e(Ω k)∈C U×1表示DUT在远场条件下空间角度为Ω k时在多探头暗室法设置下的阵列导向矢量，第u个元素为
    Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-100004
    其中d k，u表示第k个OTA探头到第u个天线的距离，而pl(d k，u)表示这段距离经历的路径损耗；P e(Ω k，t n)表示t n时刻空间角度为Ω k的空口天线探头的归一化功率；
    步骤2.4、针对连续时间T内的多探头暗室法动态信道测试系统构建质量提出了时间平均的四维功率谱相似度百分比，即在静态三维PSP基础上加入了时间维度，计算方式为：
    Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-100006
    其中T为采样总时长；4D-PSP为四维功率谱相似度百分比；P 0是角度为β时间为t时，利用巴特勒波束赋形算法计算出的目标角度功率谱；P r是角度为β时间为t时，利用巴特勒波束赋形算法计算出的构建信道的角度功率谱；四维功率谱相似度百分比的范围在0到1之间；
    步骤2.5、根据四维功率谱相似度百分比的计算结果，评判动态信道构建质量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1.2中每个簇的水平到达角、水平离开角的范围是-180°到180°，每个簇的垂直到达角、垂直离开角的范围是0°到180°。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的动态场景信道的四维空口性能测试方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2.4中取离散的点时四维功率谱相似度百分比的计算方案为：
    Figure PCTCN2022101028-appb-100007
    其中N为总离散时刻采样次数。
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