WO2023284460A1 - 数据传输方法、数据接收方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质 - Google Patents

数据传输方法、数据接收方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2023284460A1
WO2023284460A1 PCT/CN2022/098217 CN2022098217W WO2023284460A1 WO 2023284460 A1 WO2023284460 A1 WO 2023284460A1 CN 2022098217 W CN2022098217 W CN 2022098217W WO 2023284460 A1 WO2023284460 A1 WO 2023284460A1
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rvs
data
transmitted
frequency domain
domain resources
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PCT/CN2022/098217
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English (en)
French (fr)
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高明刚
丁雪梅
徐莹
孙红利
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023284460A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023284460A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received

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  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method, a data receiving method, an apparatus, electronic equipment, and a storage medium.
  • Incremental Redundantcy Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest Incremental Redundantcy Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
  • IR-HARQ Incremental Redundantcy Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
  • the data is encoded to obtain redundant bits, and then the redundant bits are divided into four redundant versions by punching through the ring buffer (Redundancy Version, RV), that is, generate RV0, RV1, RV2 and RV3, and then send RV0 at the first transmission, and after the information receiving end fails to decode according to RV0, send RV1, RV2 and RV3 respectively through retransmission, specifically See Figure 1 for the process.
  • RV Redundancy Version
  • the channel coding rate can be reduced by retransmitting more RVs, thereby increasing the decoding success rate. If the retransmitted redundant bits still cannot be decoded normally, retransmit again. As the number of retransmissions increases, redundant bits accumulate continuously, and the channel coding rate decreases continuously, so that a better decoding effect can be obtained.
  • IR-HARQ technology sends different RVs in time-sharing, so it will introduce more time delays, which cannot meet the current reliability requirements and delay requirements in the data transmission process, such as the current fifth-generation mobile communication technology ( In order to improve the flexibility of communication deployment, 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) gradually abandoned the deployment of wired fiber optics. Due to the uncertainty and random interference of the wireless environment, higher reliability and lower time are required. delay. If the number of RVs sent is reduced, the reliability of the data will be reduced, that is, the improvement of reliability and the reduction of transmission delay are mutually restricted and cannot be realized at the same time. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a method that can not only ensure reliability but also reduce delay. data transfer method.
  • 5G 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology
  • the main purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a data transmission method, a data reception method, a device, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, the method comprising: acquiring data to be transmitted; performing redundancy coding on the data to be transmitted, and obtaining several redundant versions RV of the data to be transmitted ; transmit at least two RVs simultaneously through different frequency domain resources, and the at least two RVs transmitted at the same time occupy different frequency domain resources, for the receiving end to perform increment according to the at least two received RVs Redundant decoding.
  • the embodiment of the present application also proposes a data receiving method, including: receiving at least two RVs simultaneously transmitted through different frequency domain resources; performing incremental redundancy decoding on the received RVs, Acquiring a decoding result; sending a HARQ-ACK or a HARQ-NACK according to the decoding result.
  • the embodiment of the present application also proposes a data transmission device, including: an acquisition module configured to acquire data to be transmitted; an encoding module configured to perform redundant encoding on the data to be transmitted to obtain several The redundancy version RV of the data to be transmitted; a sending module configured to simultaneously transmit at least two of the RVs through different frequency domain resources, and at least two of the simultaneously transmitted RVs occupy different frequency domain resources, For the receiving end to perform incremental redundancy decoding according to the received at least two RVs.
  • the embodiment of the present application also proposes a data receiving device, including: a receiving module configured to receive at least two RVs simultaneously transmitted through different frequency domain resources; a decoding module configured to receive The received RV performs incremental redundancy decoding to obtain a decoding result; the response module is configured to send a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment response HARQ-ACK or a hybrid automatic repeat request negative response HARQ according to the decoding result -NACK.
  • an embodiment of the present application also proposes an electronic device, the device includes: at least one processor; and a memory connected to the at least one processor in communication; wherein, the memory stores information that can be Instructions executed by the at least one processor, the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, so that the at least one processor can execute the data transmission method or the data reception method as described above.
  • the embodiment of the present application also proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned data transmission method or data reception method is implemented.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of RV transmission in the current IR-HARQ technology
  • Fig. 2 is the flowchart of the data transmission method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a data transmission method including simultaneous transmission of all RV steps in another embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of RV transmission when the frequency domain resources involved in the embodiment of the data transmission method shown in FIG. 3 of the present application are continuously distributed;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of RV transmission when the frequency domain resources involved in the embodiment of the data transmission method shown in Fig. 3 of the present application are discontinuously distributed;
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a data transmission method including the step of continuing to transmit RVs that have not been transmitted in another embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of RV transmission when the frequency domain resources involved in the embodiment of the data transmission method shown in FIG. 6 of the present application are continuously distributed;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of RV transmission when the frequency domain resources involved in the embodiment of the data transmission method shown in FIG. 6 of the present application are discontinuously distributed;
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a data transmission method including a step of receiving information sent by a base station in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a data receiving method in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission device in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a data receiving device in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in another embodiment of the present application.
  • the IR-HARQ technology is that the receiver saves the received data when the decoding fails, and asks the sender to retransmit the data, and the receiver combines the retransmitted data with the previously received data before decoding, and each time During retransmission, the sender sends an RV to the receiver.
  • RV different versions of RV are transmitted sequentially at different times in the time domain, and the RV transmitted each time occupies the same frequency domain resource. To ensure the reliability of the transmitted data to a certain extent, it is necessary to transmit as many RVs as possible. Since one RV is transmitted at a time, the more RVs are transmitted, the longer the time required and the longer the data transmission delay.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, including: acquiring data to be transmitted; determining several redundancy versions RV according to the data to be transmitted; transmitting at least two of the RVs simultaneously through different frequency domain resources for reception The terminal performs decoding according to the at least two received RVs, where different RVs occupy different frequency domain resources.
  • redundant coding is performed on the data to be transmitted to obtain several redundant versions RV, and then when different RVs occupy different frequency domain resources, through different The frequency domain resource transmits at least two RVs to the receiving end at the same time, for the receiving end to perform incremental redundancy decoding according to the received at least two RVs, so that more RVs can be sent in a shorter time, reducing the The delay of data transmission also enables the data receiver to decode according to more RVs, which greatly improves the reliability of the data.
  • the data transmission method is applied to the information sending end, and the information sending end can be any electronic device capable of sending data, such as a mobile phone, a computer, a robot, etc., specifically including the following steps 201 to 203.
  • Step 201 acquire data to be transmitted.
  • the information sending end when the information sending end needs to send data to the outside, it obtains the data to be sent, that is, the data to be transmitted, from the internal storage space.
  • the data is usually stored in the storage space of the information sending end, and the information sending end accesses the storage space to obtain the data to be transmitted.
  • Step 202 performing redundancy coding on the data to be transmitted to obtain several redundancy versions RV of the data to be transmitted.
  • the information sending end performs redundant encoding on the data to be transmitted to obtain redundant bits, and then obtains several RVs by reading the redundant bits from different starting positions.
  • each RV corresponds to a different location for reading data.
  • the encoding method is redundant encoding, such as Hamming code, cyclic code, etc., that is, redundant information is added to the data through encoding.
  • the data to be transmitted is redundantly encoded to obtain redundant bits, and then the redundant bits are placed in the encoded output buffer, which can be a ring buffer, and then passed from different positions of the encoded output buffer Read data to get several RVs, and get one RV every time data is read from a new location.
  • each data to be transmitted corresponds to 4 RVs, therefore, usually, 4 RVs will be obtained by performing step 202 .
  • Step 203 transmit at least two RVs simultaneously through different frequency domain resources, and the at least two RVs transmitted simultaneously occupy different frequency domain resources for the receiving end to perform incremental redundancy decoding according to the at least two received RVs.
  • the information sending end places at least two RVs on the currently schedulable spectrum resources, and transmits them to the information receiving end at the same time, and then the information receiving end can interpret the information according to the received RVs. code to get the data actually sent by the information sender.
  • At least two RVs transmitted at the same time occupy different frequency spectrums respectively, and when the transmission times are different, the RVs transmitted at different times may occupy the same frequency domain resources, or may occupy different frequency domain resources.
  • the information sending end fetches resources each time from the sending buffer storing several RVs. Generate at least two RVs, place the currently retrieved RVs on different spectrum resources, and then transmit them to the information receiving end at the same time, and then the information receiving end will perform incremental redundancy decoding based on the received multiple RVs to obtain the information transmission The data that the end wants to transmit.
  • step 203 is: simultaneously transmit all obtained RVs through different frequency domain resources, for the receiving end to decode according to all received RVs .
  • the first type is when spectrum resources are continuously distributed in the frequency domain.
  • each small square in FIG. 4 represents the smallest unit resource block (Resource Block, RB) of a frequency domain resource, RV0, RV1, RV2, and RV3 occupy 16 adjacent RBs in total, and RV0, RV1, RV2, and RV3 each occupy 4 adjacent RBs.
  • Resource Block Resource Block
  • the second type is when spectrum resources are discontinuously distributed in the frequency domain.
  • step 202 is performed to obtain 4 RVs——RV0, RV1, RV2, and RV3, refer to Figure 5.
  • Each small square in Figure 5 represents an RB, and RV0, RV1, RV2, and RV3 occupy 16 RBs in total.
  • RV0, RV1, RV2, and RV3 each occupy 4 adjacent RBs, and RBs occupied by RV0, RV1, RV2, and RV3 are discontinuous.
  • step 203 also includes step 204 to step 208 .
  • Step 204 check whether a HARQ-ACK corresponding to the data to be transmitted is received, if yes, execute step 205 , if not, execute step 206 .
  • Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Acknowledgment includes two situations: not receiving any response and receiving a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request negative response (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Acknowledgment). Negative Acknowledgment, HARQ-NACK). In either case, it will be considered that the current transmission has failed, and the information sender will respond accordingly after receiving the transmission failure.
  • transmitting at least two RVs at the same time can indeed improve the reliability of the transmitted data, but there is no guarantee that the information receiving end will be able to successfully decode through at least two RVs. For example, when the network condition is particularly poor, decoding errors are likely to occur. , at this time, the information sender needs to respond accordingly, such as continuing to send a new RV or resending.
  • Step 205 perform next data transmission.
  • Step 206 check whether there is an RV that has not been transmitted, if yes, execute step 207 , if not, execute step 208 .
  • the number of RVs obtained by executing step 102 each time is uncertain, and may be 3, 4, 5 or 8.
  • This embodiment does not limit the number of RVs, and after transmitting at least two RVs at the same time, The number of RVs that have not been transmitted is also different according to the actual situation, there may be none, there may be only one, and there may be multiple.
  • Step 207 continue to transmit RVs that have not been transmitted.
  • how to continue to transmit RVs that have not been transmitted can be determined according to the number of RVs that have not been transmitted. If the number of RVs that have not been transmitted is greater than or equal to 2, at least two RVs that have not been transmitted will continue to be transmitted at the same time. If there is only one RV that has not been transferred, continue to transfer one RV that has not been transferred. In this way, try to transmit at least two RVs each time, so that the efficiency and reliability of each transmission are improved at the same time without affecting the delay.
  • RVs when RVs are transmitted multiple times, according to the distribution of spectrum resources, there can be two cases of transmission RVs: continuous distribution and non-continuous distribution of frequency domain resources.
  • the following will take four RVs obtained from the transmission data as an example to illustrate :
  • the first type is when the spectrum resources are continuously distributed in the frequency domain.
  • each small square in Figure 7 represents an RB of a frequency domain resource, and the information is not received until the second RV is sent
  • the HARQ-ACK returned by the receiving end completes this transmission.
  • sending RV0 and RV2 for the first time occupies 8 adjacent RBs
  • sending RV1 and RV3 for the second time also occupies 8 adjacent RBs. 4 adjacent RBs occupied by an RV.
  • RV0 and RV3 occupy the same RB, but the occupied time is different, RV1 and RV2 occupy the same RB, but the occupied time is different, RV0 and RV2 occupy different RBs, but the occupied time is the same, RV1 and RV3 occupy different RB, but takes the same amount of time.
  • the RVs sent successively occupy the same spectrum resources as an example above. It is also possible that the RVs sent each time occupy different spectrum resources, and the spectrum resources occupied each time can be completely different or partially different. , which will not be repeated here.
  • the second type is when spectrum resources are discontinuously distributed in the frequency domain.
  • each small square in Figure 8 represents an RB of a frequency domain resource, and the information is not received until the second RV is sent
  • the HARQ-ACK returned by the receiving end completes this transmission.
  • the first transmission of RV0 and RV2 occupies 8 incompletely adjacent RBs
  • the second transmission of RV1 and RV3 also occupies incompletely adjacent 8 RBs.
  • RV0 and RV2 occupy different RBs, but occupy the same time
  • RV1 and RV3 occupy different RBs, but occupy the same time.
  • Step 208 retransmit the current data to be transmitted.
  • the retransmission may start from acquiring the current data to be transmitted again, or start from transmitting the RV through different spectrum resources, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment. It is worth mentioning that comparing the data transmission schematic diagram shown in Figure 1 with the data transmission schematic diagrams shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 7 and Figure 8, it can be seen that if the transmitted data needs to be retransmitted multiple times, Assume that the data transmission process shown in Figure 1 has a success rate of 99.9% after 4 transmissions, but it takes 4 times the time, and the embodiment of the present application can use 1 times the transmission time to achieve even The success rate can exceed 99.9%, with high reliability and low delay.
  • step 209 is also included.
  • Step 209 receiving information delivered by the base station.
  • the information delivered by the base station is used to determine frequency domain resources configured by the base station for simultaneous transmission of at least two RVs.
  • the base station can configure frequency domain resources capable of simultaneously sending N (N is a positive integer greater than 1) RVs for the information sending end, so that the information sending end can simultaneously send 2, 3, ..., N RV, that is, it does not need to occupy all the spectrum resources allocated by the base station for each transmission.
  • step 209 is executed after step 202 and before step 203 as an example for illustration. In other embodiments, step 209 may also be executed before step 201, or this step may be executed simultaneously with step 201. I won't repeat them here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a data receiving method, which is applied to the information receiving end.
  • the information receiving end can be any electronic device capable of receiving information, such as a mobile phone, a computer, a robot, etc.
  • the data receiving method includes Step 1001 to step 1003.
  • Step 1001 receiving at least two RVs simultaneously transmitted through different frequency domain resources.
  • the information receiving end will receive at least two RVs sent by the information sending end at the same time.
  • the information sending end when the information sending end sends all RVs at one time, the information receiving end will receive all the RVs sent at one time, or the information sending end sends RVs in batches, and at least two RVs are sent at the same time each time. Correspondingly, the receiving end will receive multiple times, and receive at least two RVs each time.
  • the information receiving end receives four RVs at one time, that is, RV0, RV1, RV2 and RV3.
  • the information receiving end receives RV0 and RV2 for the first time, and receives RV1 and RV3 for the second time.
  • Step 1002 perform incremental redundancy decoding on the received RV, and obtain a decoding result.
  • the information receiving end combines each RV for combined decoding, and each increase of redundant information can improve the coding efficiency of the system and increase the probability of successful decoding.
  • Step 1003 Send HARQ-ACK or HARQ-NACK according to the decoding result.
  • a HARQ-ACK is sent, and if the decoding fails, a HARQ-NACK is sent to inform the information sending end whether the output transmission is successful.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a data transmission device, as shown in FIG. 11 , including an acquisition module 1101 , an encoding module 1102 and a sending module 1103 .
  • the obtaining module 1101 is configured to obtain data to be transmitted.
  • the encoding module 1102 is configured to perform redundancy encoding on the data to be transmitted to obtain several redundancy versions RV of the data to be transmitted.
  • the sending module 1103 is configured to simultaneously transmit at least two RVs through different frequency domain resources, and the simultaneously transmitted at least two RVs occupy different frequency domain resources for decoding by the receiving end according to the received at least two RVs.
  • this embodiment is a device embodiment corresponding to the data transmission method embodiment, and this embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the data transmission method embodiment.
  • the relevant technical details mentioned in the embodiment of the data transmission method are still valid in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here in order to reduce repetition.
  • the related technical details mentioned in this embodiment can also be applied in the embodiment of the data transmission method.
  • modules involved in this embodiment are logical modules.
  • a logical unit can be a physical unit, or a part of a physical unit, or multiple physical units. Combination of units.
  • units that are not closely related to solving the technical problem proposed in the present application are not introduced in this embodiment, but this does not mean that there are no other units in this embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a data receiving device, as shown in FIG. 12 , including a receiving module 1201 , a decoding module 1202 and a response module 1203 .
  • the receiving module 1201 is configured to receive at least two RVs simultaneously transmitted through different frequency domain resources.
  • the decoding module 1202 is configured to perform incremental redundancy decoding on the received RV to obtain a decoding result.
  • the response module 1203 is configured to send HARQ-ACK or HARQ-NACK according to the decoding result.
  • this embodiment is an apparatus embodiment corresponding to the embodiment of the data receiving method, and this embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the embodiment of the data receiving method.
  • the relevant technical details mentioned in the embodiment of the data receiving method are still valid in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here to reduce repetition.
  • the relevant technical details mentioned in this embodiment can also be applied to the embodiment of the data receiving method.
  • modules involved in this embodiment are logical modules.
  • a logical unit can be a physical unit, or a part of a physical unit, or multiple physical units. Combination of units.
  • units that are not closely related to solving the technical problem proposed in the present application are not introduced in this embodiment, but this does not mean that there are no other units in this embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, as shown in FIG. 13 , including: including at least one processor 1301; and a memory 1302 communicatively connected to at least one processor 1301; Instructions executed by at least one processor 1301, the instructions are executed by at least one processor 1301, so that at least one processor 1301 can execute the data transmission method or data reception method described in any of the above method embodiments.
  • the memory 1302 and the processor 1301 are connected by a bus, and the bus may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, and the bus connects one or more processors 1301 and various circuits of the memory 1302 together.
  • the bus may also connect together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, all of which are well known in the art and therefore will not be further described herein.
  • the bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceivers.
  • a transceiver may be a single element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing means for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium.
  • the data processed by the processor 1301 is transmitted on the wireless medium through the antenna, and further, the antenna also receives the data and transmits the data to the processor 1301 .
  • the processor 1301 is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interface, voltage regulation, power management and other control functions.
  • the memory 1302 may be configured to store data used by the processor 1301 when performing operations.
  • Embodiments of the present application relate to a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program.
  • the above method embodiments are implemented when the computer program is executed by the processor.
  • a storage medium includes several instructions to make a device ( It may be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disk or optical disc, etc., which can store program codes. .
  • redundant coding is performed on the data to be transmitted to obtain several redundant versions RV, and then when different RVs occupy different frequency domain resources, through different The frequency domain resource transmits at least two RVs to the receiving end at the same time, for the receiving end to perform incremental redundancy decoding according to the received at least two RVs, so that more RVs can be sent in a shorter time, reducing the The delay of data transmission also enables the data receiver to decode according to more RVs, which greatly improves the reliability of the data.

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Abstract

一种数据传输方法、数据接收方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质。该数据传输方法包括：获取待传输数据(201)；对所述待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到若干所述待传输数据的冗余版本RV(202)；通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个所述RV，同时传输的至少两个所述RV占用不同的所述频域资源，供接收端根据接收到的至少两个所述RV进行增量冗余译码(203)。

Description

数据传输方法、数据接收方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202110800319.2、申请日为2021年7月15日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及一种数据传输方法、数据接收方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质。
背景技术
为了提高数据传输过程中业务传输的可靠性，第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project，3GPP)中给出的一个解决办法是增量冗余混合自动重传请求(Incremental Redundantcy Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest，IR-HARQ)，具体地说，就是在信息发送端在传输数据前，对数据进行编码处理，得到冗余比特，然后通过环形缓冲器用打孔的方式将冗余比特分成四种冗余版本(Redundancy Version，RV)，即生成RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3，然后在第一次传输时发送RV0，而在信息接收端根据RV0解码失败之后，通过重传分别发送RV1、RV2和RV3，具体流程参见图1。其中，如果第一次传输没有成功解码，则可以通过重传更多RV降低信道编码率，从而提高解码成功率。如果加上重传的冗余bit仍然无法正常解码，则进行再次重传。随着重传次数的增加，冗余bit不断积累，信道编码率不断降低，从而可以获得更好的解码效果。
然而，IR-HARQ技术是分时发送不同的RV，所以会引入较多的时间延迟，不能满足当前对数据传输过程中的可靠性要求和时延要求，如当前的第五代移动通信技术(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，5G)为了提升通讯部署的灵活性，慢慢的抛弃了有线光纤部署，受到无线环境的不确定性和随机干扰性的影响，需要更高的可靠性和更低的时延。若减少发送RV的次数，又会降低数据的可靠性，即提升可靠性和降低传输时延彼此相互制约，不能同时实现，因此，亟需提供一种既能保证可靠性又能减少时延的数据传输方法。
发明内容
本申请实施例的主要目的在于提出一种数据传输方法、数据接收方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质。
为实现上述目的，本申请实施例提供了一种数据传输方法，所述方法包括：获取待传输数据；对所述待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到若干所述待传输数据的冗余版本RV；通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个所述RV，同时传输的至少两个所述RV占用不同的所述频域资源，供接收端根据接收到的至少两个所述RV进行增量冗余译码。
为实现上述目的，本申请实施例还提出了一种数据接收方法，包括：接收通过不同频域资源同时传输过来的至少两个RV；对接收到的所述RV进行增量冗余译码，获取译码结果；根据所述译码结果发送混合自动重传请求确认响应HARQ-ACK或混合自动重传请求否定响 应HARQ-NACK。
为实现上述目的，本申请实施例还提出了一种数据传输装置，包括：获取模块，被设置为获取待传输数据；编码模块，被设置为对所述待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到若干所述待传输数据的冗余版本RV；发送模块，被设置为通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个所述RV，同时传输的至少两个所述RV占用不同的所述频域资源，供接收端根据接收到的至少两个所述RV进行增量冗余译码。
为实现上述目的，本申请实施例还提出了一种数据接收装置，包括：接收模块，被设置为接收通过不同频域资源同时传输过来的至少两个RV；译码模块，被设置为对接收到的所述RV进行增量冗余译码，获取译码结果；响应模块，被设置为根据所述译码结果发送混合自动重传请求确认响应HARQ-ACK或混合自动重传请求否定响应HARQ-NACK。
为实现上述目的，本申请实施例还提出了一种电子设备，所述设备包括：至少一个处理器；以及，与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行如上所述的数据传输方法或数据接收方法。
为实现上述目的，本申请实施例还提出了一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上所述的数据传输方法或数据接收方法。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明，这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定。
图1是目前的IR-HARQ技术中的RV传输示意图；
图2是本申请实施例中的数据传输方法的流程图；
图3是本申请另一实施例中的包括同时传输所有RV步骤的数据传输方法的流程图；
图4是本申请如图3所示的数据传输方法实施例中涉及的频域资源连续分布时的RV传输示意图；
图5是本申请如图3所示的数据传输方法实施例中涉及的频域资源非连续分布时的RV传输示意图；
图6是本申请另一实施例中的包括继续传输未被传输过的RV步骤的数据传输方法的流程图；
图7是本申请如图6所示的数据传输方法实施例中涉及的频域资源连续分布时的RV传输示意图；
图8是本申请如图6所示的数据传输方法实施例中涉及的频域资源非连续分布时的RV传输示意图；
图9是本申请另一实施例中的包括接收基站下发信息步骤的数据传输方法的流程图；
图10是本申请另一实施例中的数据接收方法的流程图；
图11是本申请另一实施例中的数据传输装置的示意图；
图12是本申请另一实施例中的数据接收装置的示意图；
图13是本申请另一实施例中的电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
IR-HARQ技术是接收方在解码失败的情况下，保存接收到的数据，并要求发送方重传数据，接收方将重传的数据和先前接收到的数据进行合并后再解码，且每次重传时发送方向接收方发送一个RV，具体如图1所示，在时域中的不同时间依次传输不同版本的RV，每次传输的RV占用同一频域资源。要在一定程度上保证传输数据的可靠性，就需要对尽量多的RV进行传输，由于一次传输一个RV，因此，传输的RV数量越多需要的时间就越长，数据传输的时延就越高，若通过减少传输的RV数量来减少时延，则会由于用于译码的RV数量较少，可靠性被降低，也就是说，不能满足当前数据传输过程的低时延高可靠性要求，亟需提供一种既能保证可靠性又能减少时延的数据传输方法。
本申请实施例提供了一种数据传输方法，包括：获取待传输数据；根据所述待传输数据确定出若干冗余版本RV；通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个所述RV，供接收端根据接收到的至少两个所述RV进行译码，其中，不同的所述RV占用不同的所述频域资源。
本申请实施例提出的数据传输方法，获取待传输数据后，对待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到若干冗余版本RV，接着在不同的RV占用不同的所述频域资源的情况下，通过不同的频域资源同时向接收端传输至少两个RV，供接收端根据接收到的至少两个RV进行增量冗余译码，使得能够在更短的时间的内发送更多的RV，降低了数据传输的时延，同时还使得数据接收方能够根据更多的RV进行译码，大大提高了数据的可靠性。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请的各实施例进行详细的阐述。然而，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，在本申请各实施例中，为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是，即使没有这些技术细节和基于以下各实施例的种种变化和修改，也可以实现本申请所要求保护的技术方案。以下各个实施例的划分是为了描述方便，不应对本申请的具体实现方式构成任何限定，各个实施例在不矛盾的前提下可以相互结合相互引用。
下面将对本实施例的数据传输方法的实现细节进行具体的说明，以下内容仅为方便理解提供的实现细节，并非实施本方案的必须。
参考图2，在一些实施例中，数据传输方法应用于信息发送端，信息发送端可以是任何能够发送数据的电子设备，如手机、电脑、机器人等，具体包括以下步骤201至步骤203。
步骤201，获取待传输数据。
具体地说，信息发送端在需要向外发送数据时，从内部的存储空间获取将要发送的数据，即待传输数据。
更具体地说，在发送之前，数据通常被存放在信息发送端的存储空间中，信息发送端访问存储空间得到待传输数据。
步骤202，对待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到若干待传输数据的冗余版本RV。
具体地说，信息发送端对待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到冗余比特，然后通过从不同的起始位置读取冗余比特得到若干RV。
需要说明的是，若干RV彼此存在不同，每个RV对应的读取数据的位置不同。
在一些实施例中，编码方式为冗余编码，如汉明码、循环码等，即通过编码在数据中加入冗余信息。
更具体地说，对待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到冗余比特，然后将冗余比特放置在编码输出缓冲区中，编码缓冲区可以是环形缓冲区，接着通过从编码输出缓冲区的不同位置读取数据，得到若干RV，每从一个新的位置读取一次数据，就能得到一个RV。
需要说明的是，当前的协议规定每个待传输数据对应4个RV，因此，通常情况下执行步骤202会得到4个RV。
步骤203，通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个RV，同时传输的至少两个RV占用不同的频域资源，供接收端根据接收到的至少两个RV进行增量冗余译码。
具体地说，信息发送端在获取了若干RV之后，将至少两个RV放置到当前可被调度的频谱资源上，同时向信息接收端进行传输，进而信息接收端能够根据接收到的RV进行译码得到信息发送端实际发送的数据。
需要说明的是，同时传输的至少两个RV各自占用不同的频谱，传输时间不同时，不同时间传输的RV可以占用相同的频域资源，也可以占用不同的频域资源。
更具体地说，信息发送端从存放有若干RV的发送缓冲区中每次取资源。出至少两个RV，将当前取出的RV放置到不同的频谱资源上，然后同时传输给信息接收端，进而信息接收端将根据接收到的多个RV进行增量冗余译码，得到信息发送端希望传输过来的数据。
进一步地，参考图3，在一些实施例中，一次性传输所有的RV，即步骤203为：通过不同的频域资源同时传输所有得到的RV，供接收端根据接收到的所有RV进行译码。
具体地说，根据频谱资源的分布情况，可以有连续分布和非连续分布两种发送得到的所有RV的情况，以下将以根据传输数据得到4个RV为例进行说明。
第一种为频谱资源在频域连续分布时。
假设执行步骤202得到4个RV——RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3，则参考图4，图4中每个小方格代表一个频域资源的最小单元资源块(Resource Block，RB)，RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3共占用16个紧邻的RB，RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3各占用4个紧邻的RB。
第二种为频谱资源在频域非连续分布时。
假设执行步骤202得到4个RV——RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3，则参考图5，图5中每个小方格代表一个RB，RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3共占用16个RB，RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3各占用4个紧邻的RB，RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3占用的RB不连续。
需要说明的是，图5是以均不相邻的情况为例进行说明，实际还可以是部分RV占用的RB相邻，部分不相邻，此处不再一一赘述了。在信息接收端接收到数据并译码后，会根据译码的结果返回一个响应，因此，进一步，参考图6，在一些实施例中，步骤203之后还包括步骤204至步骤208。
步骤204，检测是否接收到待传输数据对应的混合自动重传请求确认响应HARQ-ACK，若是，执行步骤205，若否，执行步骤206。
具体地说，未接收到混合自动重传请求确认响应(Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Acknowledgement，HARQ-ACK)包括两种情况：未接受到任何响应和接收到混合自动重传请求否定响应(Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Negative Acknowledgement，HARQ-NACK)。不论哪种情况，都会认为当前传输失败，信息发送端在接收到传输失败后，会进行相应的响应。
需要说明的是，同时传输至少两个RV确实能够提高传输数据的可靠性，但是不能保证 信息接收端一定能够通过至少两个RV成功译码，如当网络情况特别差时很可能出现译码错误，此时需要信息发送端进行相应的响应，如继续发送新的RV或重新发送。
步骤205，进行下一次数据传输。
具体地说，获取新的待传输数据并对新的待传输数据进行传输，此处就不再一一赘述了。
步骤206，检测是否存在未被传输过的RV，若是，执行步骤207，若否，执行步骤208。
具体地说，每次执行步骤102得到的RV数量不确定，可以是3个、4个、5个或8个，本实施例不对RV的数量进行限定，进而经过同时传输至少两个RV后，根据实际情况不同未被传输过的RV的数量也相应不同，可能没有，可能只有一个，还可能有多个。
步骤207，继续传输未被传输过的RV。
具体地说，可以根据未被传输过的RV数量来决定如何继续传输未被传输过的RV，如未被传输过的RV数量大于等于2则继续同时传输至少两个未被传输过的RV、未被传输过的RV只有一个则继续传输一个未被传输过的RV。这样每次尽量传输至少两个RV，使得每次传输的效率、可靠性都同时得到提高且不影响时延。
更具体地说，多次传输RV时，根据频谱资源的分布情况，可以有频域资源连续分布和非连续分布两种传输RV的情况，以下将以根据传输数据得到4个RV为例进行说明：第一种为频谱资源在频域连续分布时。
假设执行步骤202得到4个RV——RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3，则参考图7，图7中每个小方格代表一个频域资源的RB，直到第二次发送RV后才收到信息接收端返回的HARQ-ACK，完成本次传输，具体地，第一次发送RV0和RV2，占用相邻的8个RB，第二次发送RV1和RV3，也占用相邻的8个RB，每个RV占用的紧邻的4给RB。其中，RV0和RV3占用相同的RB，但是占用的时间不同，RV1和RV2占用相同的RB，但是占用的时间不同，RV0和RV2占用不同的RB，但是占用的时间相同，RV1和RV3占用不同的RB，但是占用的时间相同。
需要说明的是，以上以先后发送的RV占用相同的频谱资源为例进行说明，还可以是每次发送的RV占用不同的频谱资源，并且每次占用的频谱资源可以完全不同，也可以部分不同，此处就不再一一赘述了。
第二种为频谱资源在频域非连续分布时。
假设执行步骤202得到4个RV——RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3，则参考图8，图8中每个小方格代表一个频域资源的RB，直到第二次发送RV后才收到信息接收端返回的HARQ-ACK，完成本次传输，具体地，第一次发送RV0和RV2，占用不完全相邻的8个RB，第二次发送RV1和RV3，也占用不完全相邻的8个RB，但是每个RV占用的紧邻的4个RB。其中，RV0和RV2占用不同的RB，但是占用的时间相同，RV1和RV3占用不同的RB，但是占用的时间相同。
需要说明的是，以上对向发送端发送RV的说明均是传送了获得的4个RV的场景，实际上还可以生成8个RV第一次发送2个RV，第二次发送2个RV，两次传送未传输完得到的所有的RV，此处就不再一一赘述了。
还需要说明的是，上述举例都是每次传输2个RV，实际还可以是第一次传输3个RV，第二次传输第4个RV，此处就不再一一赘述了。
步骤208，对当前的待传输数据重新进行传输。
需要说明的是，重新传输可以是从再次获取当前的待传输数据开始，也可以是从通过不同的频谱资源传输RV开始，本实施例不对其进行具体限定。值得一提的是，将图1所示的数据传输示意图分别与图4、图5、图7和图8所示的数据传输示意图进行比较，可以看出如果传输数据需要多次进行重传，假设图1所示的数据传输过程在经过4次传输后成功率达到99.9％，但是花了4倍的时间，而本申请实施例在最好的情况下可以用1倍的传输时间就达到甚至成功率可以超过99.9％，可靠性高、时延低。也就是说，图1所示的数据传输过程的可靠性和时延明显不如图4、图5、图7和图8所示的数据传输过程，虽然图4、图5、图7和图8所示的数据传输过程占用了更多的频域资源，但是随着5G的铺开，甚至是将来6G技术的研发，大带宽已经是大趋势，可用带宽将会越来越宽，频域资源不再拥挤，从频分复用的角度承载不同的RV版本，即用频域资源换取可靠性和时间是绝对值得的，还更加有利于增量冗余译码效率的同时降低时延，如对于工业领域的URLLC而言，占用更多带宽大大降低时延和提高可靠性，带来的益处是显而易见的。此外，整个数据传输过程中无需改动5G终端和网络硬件的基础上，仅仅通过软件方法就可以达到效果，无需扩展协议，更加简单实用。
还值得一提的是，每次发送至少两个RV并且每次发送的RV占用的频域资源不同，使得在某些特定频域上存在干扰时，发送的数据受到的干扰程度相对于图1所示的数据传输过程要小，如图1所示的RV占用的频域存在干扰时，每次发送都会收到影响，即每个RV都会受到影响，但是图4所示的数据传输虽然会受到影响但是只影响部分RV，即占用受干扰频域资源的RV，因此，图4所示的数据传输方法具有一定的抵抗特定频域上干扰的能力。
信息发送端在利用频谱资源发送数据之前，还需要通过基站下发的信息获知可被调度的频谱资源，因此，在一些实施例中，参考图9在步骤203之前，还包括步骤209。
步骤209，接收基站下发的信息。
具体地说，基站下发的信息用于确定基站为同时传送至少两个RV配置的频域资源。
需要说明的是，基站可以为信息发送端配置能够同时发送N(N为大于1的正整数)个RV的频域资源，以便信息发送端能够同时发送2个，3个，……，N个RV，即不用每次发送都要占用基站分配的所有频谱资源。
还需要说明的是，图9是以步骤209在步骤202之后、步骤203之前执行为例进行说明，在其他实施例中，步骤209还可以在步骤201之前执行，或者，与步骤201同时执行此处就不再一一赘述了。
本申请实施例还提供了一种数据接收方法，应用于信息接收端，信息接收端可以是任何一种能够接收信息的电子设备，如手机、电脑、机器人等，参考图10，数据接收方法包括步骤1001至步骤1003。
步骤1001，接收通过不同频域资源同时传输过来的至少两个RV。
具体地说，信息接收端将会接收信息发送端同时发送过来的至少两个RV。
更具体地说，信息发送端一次性发送全部RV时，信息接收端相应地会一次性接收发送过来的所有RV，或者信息发送端分批次发送RV，每次同时发送至少两个RV，信息接收端相应地会多次进行接收，每次接收至少两个RV。
在一个例子中，信息接收端一次性接收到4个RV，即RV0、RV1、RV2和RV3。
在一个例子中，信息接收端第一次接收到RV0和RV2，第二次接收到RV1和RV3。
步骤1002，对接收到的RV进行增量冗余译码，获取译码结果。
具体地说，信息接收端结合各个RV进行组合译码，每次冗余信息的增加都能够提高系统的编码效益，增加了解码成功的概率。
步骤1003，根据译码结果发送混合自动重传请求确认响应HARQ-ACK或混合自动重传请求否定响应HARQ-NACK。
具体地说，若译码成功，则发送HARQ-ACK，若译码失败，则发送HARQ-NACK，以通知信息发送端输出传输是否成功。
此外，应当理解的是，上面各种方法的步骤划分，只是为了描述清楚，实现时可以合并为一个步骤或者对某些步骤进行拆分，分解为多个步骤，只要包括相同的逻辑关系，都在本专利的保护范围内；对算法中或者流程中添加无关紧要的修改或者引入无关紧要的设计，但不改变其算法和流程的核心设计都在该专利的保护范围内。
本申请实施例还提供了一种数据传输装置，如图11所示，包括获取模块1101、编码模块1102和发送模块1103。
获取模块1101，被设置为获取待传输数据。
编码模块1102，被设置为对待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到若干待传输数据的冗余版本RV。
发送模块1103，被设置为通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个RV，同时传输的至少两个RV占用不同的频域资源，供接收端根据接收到的至少两个RV进行译码。
不难发现，本实施例为与数据传输方法实施例相对应的装置实施例，本实施例可与数据传输方法实施例互相配合实施。数据传输方法实施例中提到的相关技术细节在本实施例中依然有效，为了减少重复，这里不再赘述。相应地，本实施例中提到的相关技术细节也可应用在数据传输方法实施例中。
值得一提的是，本实施例中所涉及到的各模块均为逻辑模块，在实际应用中，一个逻辑单元可以是一个物理单元，也可以是一个物理单元的一部分，还可以以多个物理单元的组合实现。此外，为了突出本申请的创新部分，本实施例中并没有将与解决本申请所提出的技术问题关系不太密切的单元引入，但这并不表明本实施例中不存在其它的单元。
本申请实施例还提供了一种数据接收装置，如图12所示，包括接收模块1201、译码模块1202和响应模块1203。
接收模块1201，被设置为接收通过不同频域资源同时传输过来的至少两个RV。
译码模块1202，被设置为对接收到的RV进行增量冗余译码，获取译码结果。
响应模块1203，被设置为根据译码结果发送混合自动重传请求确认响应HARQ-ACK或混合自动重传请求否定响应HARQ-NACK。
不难发现，本实施例为与数据接收方法实施例相对应的装置实施例，本实施例可与数据接收方法实施例互相配合实施。数据接收方法实施例中提到的相关技术细节在本实施例中依然有效，为了减少重复，这里不再赘述。相应地，本实施例中提到的相关技术细节也可应用在数据接收方法实施例中。
值得一提的是，本实施例中所涉及到的各模块均为逻辑模块，在实际应用中，一个逻辑单元可以是一个物理单元，也可以是一个物理单元的一部分，还可以以多个物理单元的组合实现。此外，为了突出本申请的创新部分，本实施例中并没有将与解决本申请所提出的技术问题关系不太密切的单元引入，但这并不表明本实施例中不存在其它的单元。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种电子设备，如图13所示，包括：包括至少一个处理器1301；以及，与至少一个处理器1301通信连接的存储器1302；其中，存储器1302存储有可被至少一个处理器1301执行的指令，指令被至少一个处理器1301执行，以使至少一个处理器1301能够执行上述任一方法实施例所描述的数据传输方法或数据接收方法。
其中，存储器1302和处理器1301采用总线方式连接，总线可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥，总线将一个或多个处理器1301和存储器1302的各种电路连接在一起。总线还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路连接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口在总线和收发机之间提供接口。收发机可以是一个元件，也可以是多个元件，比如多个接收器和发送器，提供用于在传输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。经处理器1301处理的数据通过天线在无线介质上进行传输，进一步，天线还接收数据并将数据传输给处理器1301。
处理器1301负责管理总线和通常的处理，还可以提供各种功能，包括定时，外围接口，电压调节、电源管理以及其他控制功能。而存储器1302可以被设置为存储处理器1301在执行操作时所使用的数据。
本申请的实施方式涉及一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序。计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述方法实施例。
即，本领域技术人员可以理解，实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，该程序存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一个设备(可以是单片机，芯片等)或处理器(processor)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
本申请实施例提出的数据传输方法，获取待传输数据后，对待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到若干冗余版本RV，接着在不同的RV占用不同的所述频域资源的情况下，通过不同的频域资源同时向接收端传输至少两个RV，供接收端根据接收到的至少两个RV进行增量冗余译码，使得能够在更短的时间的内发送更多的RV，降低了数据传输的时延，同时还使得数据接收方能够根据更多的RV进行译码，大大提高了数据的可靠性。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，上述各实施例是实现本申请的一些实施例，而在实际应用中，可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变，而不偏离本申请的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种数据传输方法，其中，包括：
    获取待传输数据；
    对所述待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到若干所述待传输数据的冗余版本RV；
    通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个所述RV，同时传输的至少两个所述RV占用不同的所述频域资源，供接收端根据接收到的至少两个所述RV进行增量冗余译码。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个所述RV之后，所述方法还包括：
    检测是否接收到所述待传输数据对应的混合自动重传请求确认响应HARQ-ACK；
    若接收到所述HARQ-ACK，进行下一次数据传输。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    若未接收到所述HARQ-ACK，检测是否存在未被传输过的所述RV；
    若存在未被传输过的所述RV，继续传输未被传输过的所述RV；
    若不存在未被传输过的所述RV，对当前的所述待传输数据重新进行传输。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个所述RV，包括：
    通过不同的所述频域资源同时传输所有得到的所述RV。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个所述RV之前，所述方法还包括：
    接收基站下发的配置信息，所述配置信息用于指示为同时传输的至少两个所述RV配置的所述频域资源。
  6. 一种数据接收方法，其中，包括：
    接收通过不同频域资源同时传输过来的至少两个RV；
    对接收到的所述RV进行增量冗余译码，获取译码结果；
    根据所述译码结果发送混合自动重传请求确认响应HARQ-ACK或混合自动重传请求否定响应HARQ-NACK。
  7. 一种数据传输装置，其中，包括：
    获取模块，被设置为获取待传输数据；
    编码模块，被设置为对所述待传输数据进行冗余编码，得到若干所述待传输数据的冗余版本RV；
    发送模块，被设置为通过不同的频域资源同时传输至少两个所述RV，同时传输的至少两个所述RV占用不同的所述频域资源，供接收端根据接收到的至少两个所述RV进行增量冗余译码。
  8. 一种数据接收装置，其中，包括：
    接收模块，被设置为接收通过不同频域资源同时传输过来的至少两个RV；
    译码模块，被设置为对接收到的所述RV进行增量冗余译码，获取译码结果；
    响应模块，被设置为根据所述译码结果发送混合自动重传请求确认响应HARQ-ACK或混合自动重传请求否定响应HARQ-NACK。
  9. 一种电子设备，其中，包括：
    至少一个处理器；以及，
    与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，
    所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行如权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的数据传输方法，或执行如权利要求6所述的数据接收方法。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至5中任一项所述的数据传输方法，或执行如权利要求6所述的数据接收方法。
PCT/CN2022/098217 2021-07-15 2022-06-10 数据传输方法、数据接收方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质 WO2023284460A1 (zh)

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