WO2023284138A1 - 一种监控保护用电设备的控制装置 - Google Patents

一种监控保护用电设备的控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023284138A1
WO2023284138A1 PCT/CN2021/122614 CN2021122614W WO2023284138A1 WO 2023284138 A1 WO2023284138 A1 WO 2023284138A1 CN 2021122614 W CN2021122614 W CN 2021122614W WO 2023284138 A1 WO2023284138 A1 WO 2023284138A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resistor
capacitor
field effect
effect transistor
arithmetic unit
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PCT/CN2021/122614
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赖千明
张常华
朱正辉
赵定金
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广州市保伦电子有限公司
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Publication of WO2023284138A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023284138A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/003—Modifications for increasing the reliability for protection
    • H03K19/00315—Modifications for increasing the reliability for protection in field-effect transistor circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H02H5/047—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using a temperature responsive switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/20—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits characterised by logic function, e.g. AND, OR, NOR, NOT circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electronic circuit control, in particular to a control device for monitoring and protecting electrical equipment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a control device for monitoring and protecting electrical equipment, which can solve the problem of high manufacturing cost and technical problems of the control device for controlling low-voltage and high-current electrical equipment in the prior art. complicated question.
  • a control device for monitoring and protecting electrical equipment including an output control module for driving external electrical equipment to run or shut down, a temperature control and protection module for monitoring the working temperature of the output control module, and an output control module for adjusting
  • the output control module is a start-up self-adjustment module for output efficiency and a fault self-detection module for detecting the voltage difference between the two ends of the output control module.
  • the OR operation circuit in which the switch is in one of the closed and disconnected states, the input end of the OR operation circuit and the input end of the start-up self-adjustment module are both connected to the electronic switch, and the fault self-detection module is ORed through the temperature control protection module circuit connection.
  • the electronic switch includes an input terminal, an output terminal, and a driving terminal for driving the input terminal and the output terminal to be in one of on and off states, and the power supply, or the input terminal of the operation circuit, starts the self-adjusting module
  • the input end of the fault self-detection module and the input end of the fault self-detection module are all connected to the input end of the electronic switch.
  • the output end of the OR operation circuit is connected with the driving end of the electronic switch.
  • the OR operation circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R41, a resistor R13, a resistor R12, an arithmetic unit U1A, an arithmetic unit U1B, a diode D1, a diode D3, a capacitor C1 and Capacitor C2, the power supply end of the arithmetic unit U1A is connected to the power supply through a resistor R2, the power supply end of the arithmetic unit U1B is connected to the power supply through a resistor R4, one end of the resistance R3 is connected to the input end of the electronic switch, and the resistance The other end of R3 and one end of capacitor C1 are both connected to the positive input end of the arithmetic unit U1A, the output end of the arithmetic unit U1A is connected to one end of the resistor R41 through the diode D1, and one end of the
  • the temperature control protection module includes a field effect transistor Q4, a resistor R14, a resistor R60, an arithmetic unit U3A, a resistor R15, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a resistor R16, a resistor R17 and a resistor NTC1, one end of the resistor R15, One end of the resistor R16 and one end of the resistor R17 are connected to the power supply, the other end of the resistor R16, one end of the capacitor C3 and one end of the resistor R60 are connected to the positive input of the computing unit U3A, and the other end of the resistor R17 1.
  • One end of the resistor NTC1 and one end of the capacitor C4 are all connected to the reverse input terminal of the computing unit U3A, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected to the power supply terminal of the computing device U3A, and the output terminal of the computing device U3A is connected to the The gate of the field effect transistor Q4 is connected, the reverse input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1A and the reverse input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1B are connected with the drain of the field effect transistor Q4, the source electrode of the field effect transistor Q4, the capacitance The other end of C3, the other end of capacitor C4, the other end of resistor R60 and the other end of resistor NTC1 are all grounded.
  • the fault self-detection module includes a resistor R27, a resistor R28, a resistor R29, a resistor R30, a resistor R31, a resistor R32, a resistor R33, a resistor R34, a resistor R35, a resistor R37, a resistor R38, a resistor R39, a resistor R40, a capacitor C10, capacitor EC3, capacitor C11, capacitor C9, field effect transistor Q5, arithmetic unit U4A and arithmetic unit U4B, the output end of the electronic switch is connected with one end of the resistor R33, the other end of the resistor R33, one end of the resistor R32 One end of the sum capacitor C9 is connected to the positive input terminal of the computing unit U4A, the output terminal of the computing unit U4A is connected to one end of the resistor R28, the power supply terminal of the computing unit U4A is connected to the power supply through the resistor R31, and
  • resistor The other end of R38, one end of resistor R39 and one end of capacitor C11 are all connected to the inverting input terminal of computing unit U4B, the power supply end of said computing device U4B is connected to power supply through resistor R30, and the output terminal of said computing device U4B is connected to the power supply.
  • One end of the resistor R29 is connected, the other end of the resistor R28 and the other end of the resistor R29 are connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q5, the source of the field effect transistor Q5 is connected to the power supply through the resistor R27, and the arithmetic unit
  • the inverting input terminal of U3A, the inverting input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1A and the inverting input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1B are all connected to the drain of the field effect transistor Q5, the other end of the resistor R32, the other end of the capacitor C9, the resistor
  • the other end of R39, the other end of capacitor C11, the other end of resistor R35, the other end of capacitor C10, the other end of resistor R40 and the other end of capacitor EC9 are all grounded.
  • the startup self-adjusting module includes resistor R6, resistor R7, resistor R8, resistor R9, resistor R10, resistor R11, resistor R18, resistor R19, resistor R20, resistor R21, resistor R22, resistor R23, resistor R24, resistor R25, resistor R26, field effect transistor Q2, field effect transistor Q3, capacitor C5, capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, arithmetic unit U2A and arithmetic unit U2B, one end of the resistor R20, one end of the resistor R21, and the resistor R24 One end and one end of the resistor R22 are connected to the power supply, the other end of the resistor R20, one end of the resistor R18 and one end of the capacitor C5 are connected to the positive input of the computing unit U2B, and the input of the electronic switch is connected to the resistor R19 One end of the resistor R19, one end of the capacitor C6, and one end of the resistor R25 are all connected to the reverse
  • the output terminal of the device U2B is connected to one end of the resistor R8, the power supply terminal of the computing device U2A is connected to the other end of the resistor R22, the other end of the resistor R24, one end of the capacitor C7 and one end of the resistor R23 are all connected to the computing device U2A
  • the other end of the resistor R25, one end of the resistor R26 and one end of the capacitor C8 are all connected to the reverse input end of the arithmetic unit U2A
  • the output end of the arithmetic unit U2A is connected to one end of the resistor R11 , the other end of the resistor R11 and one end of the resistor R10 are connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q3, the source of the field effect transistor Q3, one end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R10 and the other end of the resistor R8 Both are connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q2, the drain of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected to one end of the resistor
  • the present invention has the beneficial effects of: detecting the voltage level at both ends of the source and drain of the output field effect transistor Q1 through the OR operation circuit, and then performing OR operation on the comparison value of the voltage level, thereby controlling the field effect transistor Q1 Or operation switch; when the field effect transistor Q1 is started, the start-up self-adjustment module detects that the load current output by the current limiting circuit (current limiting resistor RCS) is greater than the first current preset value (such as 20A) and greater than the second current preset value ( For example, 35A) to adjust the start-up time of the driving field effect transistor Q1, or, the startup self-adjustment module detects that the current at the input terminal of the electronic switch is greater than the first current preset value (such as 20A) and greater than the second current preset value (such as 35A) ) to adjust the start-up time of driving FET Q1, thereby protecting the service life of FET Q1; when FET Q1 is turned on, the temperature control protection module measures
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a control device for monitoring and protecting electrical equipment described in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the OR operation circuit described in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the temperature control circuit described in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the fault protection circuit described in the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the detection circuit described in the third embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the start-up self-adjustment module described in the fourth embodiment.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
  • the electronic switch may be a switching device controlled by an integrated circuit unit, or a field effect transistor that functions as a switch.
  • the electronic switch includes at least an input terminal, an output terminal, and a terminal and the output terminal are in the driving terminal of one of the on and off states, the input terminal of the power supply, or the operation circuit, the input terminal of the start self-adjustment module, the input terminal of the fault self-detection module are all connected with the input terminal of the electronic switch connection, the input end of the OR operation circuit, the input end of the fault self-detection module and the electrical equipment are all connected to the output end of the electronic switch, and the output end of the OR operation circuit is connected to the drive end of the electronic switch; as shown in Figure 1 As shown, when the electronic switch includes a field effect transistor Q1 (in the present invention, the field effect transistor Q1 is an NMOS transistor) that is used to drive the power supply and the electric device to be in one of the on and off states, the field effect transistor Q1 is used
  • the present invention also includes a current-limiting circuit for an external power supply, and the current-limiting circuit is used to provide stability to the field effect transistor Q1. current to prevent the field effect transistor Q1 from being exposed to large currents, and reduce the probability of damage to the field effect transistor Q1.
  • the current limiting circuit includes a current limiting resistor RCS, and one end of the current limiting resistor RCS is connected to an external power supply. The electronic switch is connected to the other end of the current limiting resistor RCS.
  • a control device for monitoring and protecting electrical equipment includes an output control module for driving external electrical equipment to run or shut down, an output control module for monitoring The temperature control protection module of the working temperature, the startup self-adjustment module used to adjust the output efficiency of the output control module, and the fault self-detection module used to detect the voltage difference between the two ends of the output control module.
  • the electronic switch between the electrical equipment and the OR operation circuit used to drive the electronic switch to be in one of the closed state and the open circuit state, the input end of the OR operation circuit and the input end of the startup self-adjusting module are connected to the electronic switch, and the The fault self-detection module is connected with the OR circuit through the temperature control protection module.
  • the OR operation circuit is used to detect the voltage level at both ends of the source and drain of the output field effect transistor Q1, and then the OR operation is performed on the comparison value of the voltage level, thereby controlling the field effect transistor Q1 or the operation switch; when the field effect transistor Q1 starts
  • the self-adjustment module detects that the load current output by the current limiting circuit (current limiting resistor RCS) is greater than the first current preset value (for example, 20A) and greater than the second current preset value (for example, 35A), it is adjusted to drive the field effect transistor Q1 starts the start-up time, or, when the self-adjusting module detects that the current at the input terminal of the electronic switch is greater than the first current preset value (for example, 20A) and greater than the second current preset value (for example, 35A), it is adjusted to drive the field effect transistor Q1 to start Start-up time, thereby protecting the service life of FET Q1; when FET Q1 is turned on, the temperature control protection module measures the temperature of FET Q1 in
  • the fault self-detection module will automatically turn off the output of the field effect transistor Q1 to protect the safety of the entire module; thereby realizing redundant power supply control and real-time monitoring and protection of the circuit.
  • a fault occurs, it can be hot-swapped , No arc discharge, plug and play, effectively protect users from using low-voltage and high-current electrical equipment safely.
  • the electronic switch includes a field effect transistor Q1 for driving the power supply and the electrical equipment to be in one of the on-circuit and off-circuit states, and the source of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the output of the current limiting circuit terminal connection, the drain of the source of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the electrical equipment, preferably, the OR operation circuit includes a first OR operation circuit and a second OR operation circuit, wherein the resistor R1 and the resistor R5 form a load protection Circuit, resistor R2, resistor R3, resistor R41, diode D1, capacitor C1 and arithmetic unit U1A form the first OR operation circuit, resistor R4, resistor R13, resistor R12, operator U1B, diode D3 and capacitor C2 form the second OR operation circuit circuit, the source of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the input end of the first OR operation circuit, the drain of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the input end of the second OR operation circuit, and the first OR operation circuit Both the output terminal
  • the power supply terminal is connected to the power supply through a resistor R4, one end of the resistor R3 is connected to the source of the field effect transistor Q1, and the other end of the resistor R3 and one end of the capacitor C1 are connected to the positive input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1A, so
  • the output terminal of the arithmetic unit U1A is connected to one end of the resistor R41 through a diode D1, one end of the resistor R12 is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor Q1, and the other end of the resistor R12 and one end of the capacitor C2 are connected to the transporter U1B.
  • the positive input terminal of the transporter U1B is connected to one end of the resistor R13 through the diode D3, the other end of the resistor R41 and the other end of the resistor R13 are connected to one end of the resistor R5, and the resistor R5
  • the other end of the resistor R1 and the other end of the resistor R1 are connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q1, the other end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the capacitor C2, the other end of the resistor R1, the reverse input terminal of the operator U1A and the operator
  • the inverting inputs of U1B are both grounded.
  • the resistor R1 and the resistor R5 form a load protection, wherein the resistor R5 is used to control the conduction rate of the field effect transistor Q1, so as to prevent the field effect transistor Q1 from being subjected to the impact of high voltage and causing abnormal heating; the resistor R1 is used as a discharge Resistor, discharge a small amount of static electricity between the gate and source of the field effect transistor Q1, prevent the field effect transistor Q1 from malfunctioning, and even break down the field effect transistor Q1 (because only a small amount of static electricity will make the field effect transistor Q1 The equivalent capacitance between the grid and the source generates a very high voltage), which protects the field effect transistor Q1 and provides a bias voltage for the field effect transistor Q1.
  • the output control module includes a current limiting circuit and an electronic switch for an external power supply
  • the temperature control protection module includes a temperature control circuit and a device for obtaining the temperature of the electronic switch Negative temperature coefficient resistor NTC1
  • the output end of the current limiting circuit is connected to the input end of the electronic switch
  • the output end of the electronic switch is connected to the electrical equipment
  • the negative temperature coefficient resistor NTC1 is connected to the electronic switch through the temperature control circuit
  • the drive end is connected, preferably, the electronic switch includes a field effect transistor Q1 for driving the power supply and the electric device to be in one of the on-circuit and off-circuit states
  • the current limiting circuit includes a current limiting resistor RCS
  • the field The source of the effect transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply through the current limiting resistor RCS
  • the drain of the source of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the electrical equipment
  • the negative temperature coefficient resistor NTC1 is connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q1 through the temperature control circuit
  • the arithmetic unit U1A and the arithmetic unit U1B respectively detect the voltage values at both ends of the source and the drain of the field effect transistor Q1 to control the field effect transistor Q1 or calculate, and can turn on the field effect transistor Q1 and turn off the field effect transistor Q1
  • the temperature control circuit includes a field effect transistor Q4, a resistor R14, a resistor R60, an arithmetic unit U3A, a resistor R15, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a resistor R16, a resistor R17 and a resistor NTC1, one end of the resistor R15, One end of the resistor R16 and one end of the resistor R17 are connected to the power supply, the other end of the resistor R16, one end of the capacitor C3 and one end of the resistor R60 are connected to the positive input of the computing unit U3A, and the other end of the resistor R17 1.
  • One end of the resistor NTC1 and one end of the capacitor C4 are all connected to the reverse input terminal of the computing unit U3A, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected to the power supply terminal of the computing device U3A, and the output terminal of the computing device U3A is connected to the The gate of the field effect transistor Q4 is connected, the reverse input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1A and the reverse input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1B are connected with the drain of the field effect transistor Q4, the source electrode of the field effect transistor Q4, the capacitance The other end of C3, the other end of capacitor C4, the other end of resistor R60 and the other end of resistor NTC1 are all grounded.
  • the resistor NTC1 is a resistor with a negative temperature coefficient, and the resistance value of the resistor has a linear relationship with the temperature, that is, the higher the temperature, the greater the resistance value.
  • the value is 2K, and the temperature rises by 10 degrees, which corresponds to a resistance value of 1K, which changes linearly. When the temperature rises to 100 degrees, the resistance value corresponds to 12K.
  • the resistor NTC1 is used to measure the working temperature of the electronic switch (FET Q1); When the resistor NTC1 detects that the operating temperature of the electronic switch (FET Q1) reaches the preset temperature, the resistance value of the resistor NTC1 will increase, and the negative feedback of the computing unit U3A will be reversed, and the computing device U1A and the computing device in the OR circuit will be reversed.
  • the reference voltage of the arithmetic unit U3A is 1V, when the resistance value of the resistor NTC1 increases to 10K, then at this time the negative input terminal of the arithmetic unit U3A
  • the voltage 1.2V is greater than the reference voltage 1V, so the negative feedback of the operator U3A reverses and pulls down the gate voltage of the field effect transistor Q4 (the field effect transistor Q4 is an NMOS transistor), that is, the output of the operator U3A to the gate of the field effect transistor Q4 is low
  • the level drives the field effect transistor Q4 to turn off, and then turns off the arithmetic unit U1A and the arithmetic unit U1B.
  • the arithmetic unit U1A and the arithmetic unit U1B jointly output a low level to the field effect transistor Q1, driving the field effect transistor Q1 to turn off, thereby protecting
  • the whole circuit is stable and avoids damage to components.
  • the output control module includes a current limiting circuit for external power supply and an electronic switch for connecting external electrical equipment
  • the fault self-detection module includes a detection circuit and A fault protection circuit, the output end of the current limiting circuit and the output end of the electronic switch are connected to the input end of the detection circuit, and the output end of the detection circuit is connected to the driving end of the electronic switch through the fault protection circuit.
  • the The electronic switch includes a field effect transistor Q1 for driving the power supply and the electrical equipment to be in one of the on and off states
  • the current limiting circuit includes a current limiting resistor RCS, one end of the current limiting resistor RCS is connected to the power supply, so The other end of the current limiting resistor RCS and the input end of the detection circuit are both connected to the field effect transistor Q1, wherein the other end of the current limiting resistor RCS is connected to the source of the field effect transistor Q1, and the source and drain of the field effect transistor Q1
  • the poles are connected to the input end of the detection circuit, and the output end of the detection circuit is connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q1 through the fault protection circuit; further, the output control module also includes an OR operation circuit, and the OR operation
  • the circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R41, a resistor R13, a resistor R12, an a
  • the power supply end of U1A is connected to the power supply through a resistor R2, the power supply end of the arithmetic unit U1B is connected to the power supply through a resistor R4, one end of the resistor R3 is connected to the source of the field effect transistor Q1, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the power supply.
  • One end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the positive input terminal of the computing unit U1A, the output terminal of the computing unit U1A is connected to one end of the resistor R41 through the diode D1, and one end of the resistor R12 is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor Q1,
  • the other end of the resistor R12 and one end of the capacitor C2 are both connected to the positive input end of the transporter U1B, the output end of the transporter U1B is connected to one end of the resistor R13 through a diode D3, and the other end of the resistor R41 and
  • the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to one end of the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R5 and one end of the resistor R1 are connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q1, the reverse input terminal of the computing unit U1A and the computing device U1B
  • the fault protection circuit is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the capacitor C2 and the other end of the resistor R1 are all
  • the arithmetic unit U1A and the arithmetic unit U1B respectively detect the voltage values at both ends of the source and the drain of the field effect transistor Q1 to control the field effect transistor Q1 or calculate, and can turn on the field effect transistor Q1 and turn off the field effect transistor Q1 .
  • the fault protection circuit includes a field effect transistor Q4, a resistor R14, a resistor R60, an arithmetic unit U3A, a resistor R15, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a resistor R16, a resistor R17 and a resistor NTC1, one end of the resistor R15, a resistor One end of R16 and one end of resistor R17 are all connected to the input end of the current limiting circuit, and the other end of the resistor R16, one end of the capacitor C3 and one end of the resistor R60 are all connected to the positive input end of the arithmetic unit U3A, and the resistor The other end of R17, one end of resistor NTC1 and one end of capacitor C4 are all connected to the reverse input terminal of computing unit U3A, the other end of said resistor R15 is connected to the power supply terminal of computing device U3A, and the output terminal of said computing device U3A
  • the resistor R14 is connected to the gate of the field effect
  • One end of the capacitor EC3 is connected to the positive input terminal of the arithmetic unit U4B, the output terminal of the electronic switch is connected to one end of the resistor R38, and the other end of the resistor R38, one end of the resistor R39 and one end of the capacitor C11 are connected to each other.
  • the reverse input terminal of the arithmetic unit U4B is connected, the power supply terminal of the arithmetic unit U4B is connected with the input end of the current limiting circuit through the resistor R30, the output terminal of the arithmetic unit U4B is connected with one end of the resistance R29, and the resistance R28
  • the other end and the other end of the resistor R29 are connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q5, the source of the field effect transistor Q5 is connected to the input end of the current limiting circuit through the resistor R27, and the reverse input end of the arithmetic unit U3A , the reverse input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1A and the reverse input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1B are connected to the drain of the field effect transistor Q5, and the resistor R
  • the arithmetic unit U4A and the arithmetic unit U4B obtain the voltages at both ends of the field effect transistor Q1 (source and drain), compare the magnitudes, and judge that the error of the voltage at both ends of the field effect transistor Q1 exceeds a predetermined range, such as 0.3 V, 0.5V, when the operator U4A and the operator U4B detect that the voltage error between the source and the drain of the field effect transistor Q1 is less than 0.5V, and the reference voltage of the operator U4A and the operator U4B is 0.5V, so the operator U4A and computing unit U4B are not flipped, that is, it can be considered that the conduction state of FET Q1 is not affected by the fault self-detection module at this time;
  • the terminal voltage error is greater than 0.5V, since the reference voltage of the arithmetic unit U4A and the arithmetic unit U4B is 0.5V, the arithmetic unit U4A and the arithmetic unit
  • the output control module includes a current limiting circuit and an electronic switch for an external power supply
  • the startup self-adjustment module includes a first detection device for obtaining the current at the output terminal of the current limiting circuit.
  • circuit and a first adjustment circuit for adjusting the conduction efficiency of the electronic switch the output end of the current limiting circuit is connected to the input end of the electronic switch, the output end of the electronic switch is connected to the electrical equipment, and the first detection The input end of the circuit is connected to the input end of the electronic switch, and the output end of the first detection circuit is connected to the driving end of the electronic switch through the first adjustment circuit;
  • the field effect transistor Q1 in one of the states of on-circuit and disconnection, the current-limiting circuit includes a current-limiting resistor RCS, the source of the field-effect transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply through the current-limiting resistor RCS, and the field-effect transistor Q1 The drain of the source is connected to the electrical equipment.
  • the output control module also includes an OR operation circuit
  • the OR operation circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R41, Resistor R13, resistor R12, computing unit U1A, computing unit U1B, diode D1, diode D3, capacitor C1 and capacitor C2, the power supply terminal of the computing unit U1A is connected to the power supply through the resistor R2, and the power supply terminal of the computing unit U1B is connected to the power supply through
  • the resistor R4 is connected to the power supply, one end of the resistor R3 is connected to the source of the field effect transistor Q1, the other end of the resistor R3 and one end of the capacitor C1 are both connected to the positive input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1A, and the arithmetic unit
  • the output terminal of U1A is connected to one end of the resistor R41 through the diode D1, one end of the resistor R12 is connected to the
  • the input end is connected, the output end of the transporter U1B is connected to one end of the resistor R13 through the diode D3, the other end of the resistor R41 and the other end of the resistor R13 are connected to one end of the resistor R5, and the other end of the resistor R5 and one end of the resistor R1 are connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q1, the first adjustment circuit is connected in parallel with the resistor R5, the other end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the capacitor C2, the other end of the resistor R1, and the arithmetic unit U1A Both the inverting input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1B and the inverting input terminal of the arithmetic unit U1B are grounded; in this embodiment, the arithmetic unit U1A and the arithmetic unit U1B respectively detect the voltage values at both ends of the source and drain of the field effect transistor Q1 to control the field effect
  • the OR operation of the tube Q1 can turn on the FET Q1 and turn
  • the first adjustment circuit includes a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, and a field effect transistor Q2, one end of the resistor R8 is connected to the output end of the first detection circuit, one end of the resistor R7 is connected to the output end of the resistor R8 The other ends are connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q2, the other end of the resistor R7 and the source of the field effect transistor Q2 are connected to one end of the resistor R5, and the drain of the field effect transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R6 connected, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the other end of the resistor R5; preferably, the first detection circuit includes a resistor R18, a resistor R19, a resistor R20, a resistor R21, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6 and an operator U2B, and the resistor One end of R20 and one end of resistor R21 are all connected to the power supply, the other end of the resistor R20, one end of the
  • a second adjustment circuit is also included, and the second adjustment circuit includes a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R22, a resistor R23, a resistor R24, a resistor R25, a resistor R26, a field effect transistor Q3, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, arithmetic unit U2A, one end of the resistance R24 and one end of the resistance R22 are connected to the power supply, the power supply end of the arithmetic unit U2A is connected to the other end of the resistance R22, the other end of the resistance R24, and one end of the capacitor C7 and one end of the resistor R23 are connected with the positive input of the computing unit U2A, one end of the resistor R25 is connected with the reverse input of the computing unit U2B, the other end of the resistor R25, one end of the resistor R26 and the capacitor C8 One end is connected to the reverse input terminal of the arithmetic unit U
  • the arithmetic unit U2B detects that the RCS resistance current is greater than or equal to 20A, then the voltage at the reverse input terminal of the arithmetic unit U2B is 1.2V, which is equal to the voltage at the reverse input terminal of the arithmetic unit U2A is 1.2 V; through the voltage division of R25 and R26, the voltage at the reverse input terminal of the operator U2A is 0.8V, which is less than the reference voltage of the U2A operational amplifier circuit 1V, so the negative feedback of the operator U2A stops, and the positive feedback is reversed, driving the field effect transistor Q3 to turn off ( non-conductive).

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Abstract

公开了一种监控保护用电设备的控制装置，包括输出控制模块、温控保护模块、启动自调整模块和故障自检测模块，输出控制模块包括电子开关和或运算电路，或运算电路的输入端和启动自调整模块的输入端均与电子开关连接，故障自检测模块通过温控保护模块与或运算电路连接。通过或运算电路驱使电子开关进行或运算，启动时，由启动自调整模块对电子开关的启动时间进行调整，从而保护电子开关的使用寿命，工作时，由温控保护模块监控电子开关的工作温度，保护整个电路稳定，避免损坏元器件，同时故障自检测模块监测电子开关的电压，避免异常情况，从而实现对低压大电流的用电设备的保护。

Description

一种监控保护用电设备的控制装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电子电路控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种监控保护用电设备的控制装置。
背景技术
随着社会和电子电力技术的发展，越来越多大电流的用电设备应用到日常生产和日常生活中，尤其是低压大电流的用电设备。但是，如何对低压大电流的用电设备的运行进行有效的监控和保护逐渐成为亟需解决的问题。
现有技术中，一般是通过各种大型集成电路(电子芯片等)制成集成度相对较高的数字电路对低压大电流的用电设备进行控制，其制作工艺要求过高，往往需要根据不同的用电设备进行定向研发，另外，电子芯片等元件的成本较高，并且需要进口才能解决货源的问题，在当前国际大环境下的芯片紧缺以及部分地区的进出口贸易规定所限制，迫切需要一种能够实现对低压大电流的用电设备的运行进行有效的监控和保护的控制装置。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种监控保护用电设备的控制装置，其能解决现有技术中对低压大电流的用电设备进行控制的控制装置制作成本高和工艺复杂的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种监控保护用电设备的控制装置，包括用于驱使外界用电设备 处于运行和关闭其中一种状态的输出控制模块、用于监控输出控制模块的工作温度的温控保护模块、用于调整输出控制模块输出效率的启动自调整模块和用于检测输出控制模块两端的电压差的故障自检测模块，所述输出控制模块包括连接在电源和用电设备之间的电子开关和用于驱使电子开关处于闭合和断路其中一种状态的或运算电路，所述或运算电路的输入端和启动自调整模块的输入端均与电子开关连接，所述故障自检测模块通过温控保护模块与或运算电路连接。
优选的，所述电子开关包括输入端、输出端和用于驱使输入端和输出端处于导通和截止其中一种状态的驱动端，所述电源、或运算电路的输入端、启动自调整模块的输入端、故障自检测模块的输入端均与电子开关的输入端连接，所述或运算电路的输入端、故障自检测模块输入端和用电设备均与电子开关的输出端连接，所述或运算电路的输出端与电子开关的驱动端连接。
优选的，所述或运算电路包括电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4、电阻R5、电阻R41、电阻R13、电阻R12、运算器U1A、运算器U1B、二极管D1、二极管D3、电容C1和电容C2，所述运算器U1A的电源端通过电阻R2与电源连接，所述运算器U1B的电源端通过电阻R4与电源连接，所述电阻R3的一端与电子开关的输入端连接，所述电阻R3的另一端和电容C1的一端均与运算器U1A的正向输入端连接，所述运算器U1A的输出端通过二极管D1与电阻R41的一端连接，所述电阻R12的一端与电子开关的输出端连接，所述电阻R12的另一端和电容C2的一端均与运输器U1B的正向输入 端连接，所述运输器U1B的输出端通过二极管D3与电阻R13的一端连接，所述电阻R41的另一端和电阻R13的另一端均与电阻R5的一端连接，所述电阻R5的另一端和电阻R1的一端均与电子开关的驱动端连接，所述电容C1的另一端、电容C2的另一端、电阻R1的另一端、运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端均接地。
优选的，所述温控保护模块包括场效应管Q4、电阻R14、电阻R60、运算器U3A、电阻R15、电容C3、电容C4、电阻R16、电阻R17和电阻NTC1，所述电阻R15的一端、电阻R16的一端和电阻R17的一端均与电源连接，所述电阻R16的另一端、电容C3的一端和电阻R60的一端均与运算器U3A的正向输入端连接，所述电阻R17的另一端、电阻NTC1的一端和电容C4的一端均与运算器U3A的反向输入端连接，所述电阻R15的另一端与运算器U3A的电源端连接，所述运算器U3A的输出端通过电阻R14与场效应管Q4的栅极连接，所述运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端均与场效应管Q4的漏极连接，所述场效应管Q4的源极、电容C3的另一端、电容C4的另一端、电阻R60的另一端和电阻NTC1的另一端均接地。
优选的，所述故障自检测模块包括电阻R27、电阻R28、电阻R29、电阻R30、电阻R31、电阻R32、电阻R33、电阻R34、电阻R35、电阻R37、电阻R38、电阻R39、电阻R40、电容C10、电容EC3、电容C11、电容C9、场效应管Q5、运算器U4A和运算器U4B，所述电子开关的输出端与电阻R33的一端连接，所述电阻R33的另 一端、电阻R32的一端和电容C9的一端均与运算器U4A的正向输入端连接，所述运算器U4A的输出端与电阻R28的一端连接，所述运算器U4A的电源端通过电阻R31与电源连接，所述电子开关的输入端与电阻R34的一端连接，所述电阻R34的另一端、电阻R35的一端和电容C10的一端均与运算器U4A的反向输入端连接，所述电子开关的输入端与电阻R37的一端连接，所述电阻R37的另一端、电阻R40的一端、电容EC3的一端均与运算器U4B的正向输入端连接，所述电子开关的输出端与电阻R38的一端连接，所述电阻R38的另一端、电阻R39的一端和电容C11的一端均与运算器U4B的反向输入端连接，所述运算器U4B的电源端通过电阻R30与电源连接，所述运算器U4B的输出端与电阻R29的一端连接，所述电阻R28的另一端和电阻R29的另一端均与场效应管Q5的栅极连接，所述场效应管Q5的源极通过电阻R27与电源连接，所述运算器U3A的反向输入端、运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端均与场效应管Q5的漏极连接，所述电阻R32的另一端、电容C9的另一端、电阻R39的另一端、电容C11的另一端、电阻R35的另一端、电容C10的另一端、电阻R40的另一端和电容EC9的另一端均接地。
优选的，所述启动自调整模块包括电阻R6、电阻R7、电阻R8、电阻R9、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R18、电阻R19、电阻R20、电阻R21、电阻R22、电阻R23、电阻R24、电阻R25、电阻R26、场效应管Q2、场效应管Q3、电容C5、电容C6、电容C7、电容C8、运算器U2A和运算器U2B，所述电阻R20的一端、电阻R21的一端、 电阻R24的一端和电阻R22的一端均与电源连接，所述电阻R20的另一端、电阻R18的一端和电容C5的一端均与运算器U2B的正向输入端连接，所述电子开关的输入端与电阻R19的一端连接，电阻R19的另一端、电容C6的一端和电阻R25的一端均与运算器U2B的反向输入端连接，所述运算器U2B的电源端与电阻R21的另一端连接，所述运算器U2B的输出端与电阻R8的一端连接，所述运算器U2A的电源端与电阻R22的另一端连接，所述电阻R24的另一端、电容C7的一端和电阻R23的一端均与运算器U2A的正向输入端连接，所述电阻R25的另一端、电阻R26的一端和电容C8的一端均与运算器U2A的反向输入端连接，所述运算器U2A的输出端与电阻R11的一端连接，所述电阻R11的另一端和电阻R10的一端均与场效应管Q3的栅极连接，所述场效应管Q3的源极、电阻R7的一端、电阻R10的另一端和电阻R8的另一端均与场效应管Q2的栅极连接，所述场效应管Q3的漏极与电阻R9的一端连接，所述电阻R7的另一端和场效应管Q2的源极均与电阻R5的一端连接，所述场效应管Q2的漏极与电阻R6的一端连接，所述电阻R9的另一端和电阻R6的另一端均与电阻R5的另一端连接，所述电阻R18的另一端、电容C5的另一端、电容C6的另一端、电阻R23的另一端、电容C7的另一端、电阻R26的另一端和电容C8的另一端均接地。
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：通过或运算电路检测输出场效应管Q1的源极和漏极两端电压高低，再对电压高低比较值进行或运算，从而控制场效应管Q1或运算开关；在场效应管Q1启动 时，启动自调整模块检测到限流电路(限流电阻RCS)输出的负载电流大于第一电流预设值(例如20A)和大于第二电流预设值(例如35A)时进行调整驱动场效应管Q1启动启动时间，或者，启动自调整模块检测到电子开关输入端的电流大于第一电流预设值(例如20A)和大于第二电流预设值(例如35A)时进行调整驱动场效应管Q1启动启动时间，从而保护场效应管Q1使用寿命；在场效应管Q1导通时，温控保护模块对场效应管Q1进行实时测温，当测得温度达到预收温度(例如100摄氏度)，温控保护模块发生负反馈翻转把或运算总控制模块关闭，从而保护整个电路稳定，避免损坏元器件；同时，故障自检测模块检查场效应管Q1的源极和漏极两端输出电压是否异常，当两端电压的误差超过预定范围，故障自检测模块会自动关闭场效应管Q1输出，保护整个模块安全；从而实现冗余电源控制，并对电路进行实时监控保护，出现故障时，可进行热插拔，不放电弧，即插即用，有效保护用户能够安全使用低压大电流的用电设备。
附图说明
图1为本发明中所述的监控保护用电设备的控制装置的电路图。
图2为本发明中所述的或运算电路的电路图。
图3为实施例二中所述的温控电路的电路图。
图4为实施例三中所述的故障保护电路的电路图。
图5为实施例三中所述的检测电路的电路图。
图6为实施例四中所述的启动自调整模块的电路图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面，结合附图以及具体实施方式，对本发明做进一步描述：
在本发明中，所述电子开关可以为由集成电路单元控制的开关装置，也可以为起开关作用的场效应管，优选的，所述电子开关至少包括输入端、输出端和用于驱使输入端和输出端处于导通和截止其中一种状态的驱动端，所述电源、或运算电路的输入端、启动自调整模块的输入端、故障自检测模块的输入端均与电子开关的输入端连接，所 述或运算电路的输入端、故障自检测模块输入端和用电设备均与电子开关的输出端连接，所述或运算电路的输出端与电子开关的驱动端连接；如图1所示，当电子开关包括用于驱使电源和用电设备之间处于通路和断路其中一种状态的场效应管Q1(在本发明中，场效应管Q1为NMOS管)，利用场效应管Q1的导通特性，从而实现控制电源和用电设备之间处于通路和断路其中一种状态，在本发明中，还包括用于外接电源的限流电路，利用限流电路向场效应管Q1提供稳定的电流，避免场效应管Q1暴露在大电流中内，降低场效应管Q1损坏的概率，优选的，所述限流电路包括限流电阻RCS，所述限流电阻RCS的一端外接电源，所述电子开关与限流电阻RCS的另一端连接。
如图1-6所示，在本发明中，一种监控保护用电设备的控制装置包括用于驱使外界用电设备处于运行和关闭其中一种状态的输出控制模块、用于监控输出控制模块的工作温度的温控保护模块、用于调整输出控制模块输出效率的启动自调整模块和用于检测输出控制模块两端的电压差的故障自检测模块，所述输出控制模块包括连接在电源和用电设备之间的电子开关和用于驱使电子开关处于闭合和断路其中一种状态的或运算电路，所述或运算电路的输入端和启动自调整模块的输入端均与电子开关连接，所述故障自检测模块通过温控保护模块与或运算电路连接。具体的，通过或运算电路检测输出场效应管Q1的源极和漏极两端电压高低，再对电压高低比较值进行或运算，从而控制场效应管Q1或运算开关；在场效应管Q1启动时，启动自调整模块检测到限流电路(限流电阻RCS)输出的负载电流大于第一 电流预设值(例如20A)和大于第二电流预设值(例如35A)时进行调整驱动场效应管Q1启动启动时间，或者，启动自调整模块检测到电子开关输入端的电流大于第一电流预设值(例如20A)和大于第二电流预设值(例如35A)时进行调整驱动场效应管Q1启动启动时间，从而保护场效应管Q1使用寿命；在场效应管Q1导通时，温控保护模块对场效应管Q1进行实时测温，当测得温度达到预收温度(例如100摄氏度)，温控保护模块发生负反馈翻转把或运算总控制模块关闭，从而保护整个电路稳定，避免损坏元器件；同时，故障自检测模块检查场效应管Q1的源极和漏极两端输出电压是否异常，当两端电压的误差超过预定范围，故障自检测模块会自动关闭场效应管Q1输出，保护整个模块安全；从而实现冗余电源控制，并对电路进行实时监控保护，出现故障时，可进行热插拔，不放电弧，即插即用，有效保护用户能够安全使用低压大电流的用电设备。
实施例一：
如图2所示，所述电子开关包括用于驱使电源和用电设备之间处于通路和断路其中一种状态的场效应管Q1，所述场效应管Q1的源极与限流电路的输出端连接，场效应管Q1的源极的漏极与用电设备连接，优选的，所述或运算电路包括第一或运算电路和第二或运算电路，其中，电阻R1和电阻R5组成负载保护电路，电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R41、二极管D1、电容C1和运算器U1A组成第一或运算电路，电阻R4、电阻R13、电阻R12、运算器U1B、二极管D3和电容C2组成第二或运算电路，所述场效应管Q1的源极与第一或运算 电路的输入端连接，所述场效应管Q1的漏极与第二或运算电路的输入端连接，所述第一或运算电路的输出端和第二或运算电路的输出端均通过负载保护电路与场效应管Q1的栅极连接；具体的，所述运算器U1A的电源端通过电阻R2与电源连接，所述运算器U1B的电源端通过电阻R4与电源连接，所述电阻R3的一端与场效应管Q1的源极连接，所述电阻R3的另一端和电容C1的一端均与运算器U1A的正向输入端连接，所述运算器U1A的输出端通过二极管D1与电阻R41的一端连接，所述电阻R12的一端与场效应管Q1的漏极连接，所述电阻R12的另一端和电容C2的一端均与运输器U1B的正向输入端连接，所述运输器U1B的输出端通过二极管D3与电阻R13的一端连接，所述电阻R41的另一端和电阻R13的另一端均与电阻R5的一端连接，所述电阻R5的另一端和电阻R1的一端均与场效应管Q1的栅极连接，所述电容C1的另一端、电容C2的另一端、电阻R1的另一端、运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端均接地。在本实施例中，电阻R1和电阻R5组成负载保护，其中电阻R5用于控制场效应管Q1导通速率，避免场效应管Q1承受高压的冲击，出现异常发热的情况；电阻R1作为泄放电阻，泄放场效应管Q1的栅极和源极之间的少量静电，防止场效应管Q1产生误动作，甚至击穿场效应管Q1(因为只要有少量的静电便会使场效应管Q1的栅极和源极之间的等效电容产生很高的电压)，起到了保护场效应管Q1的作用，并且为场效应管Q1提供偏置电压，进一步的，运算器U1A和运算器U1B分别检测场效应管Q1的源极和漏极两端电压 值进行控制场效应管Q1或运算，可以开启场效应管Q1和关闭场效应管Q1，其中或运算形如：0/0＝0，0/1＝1，1/0＝1，1/1＝1，从而实现冗余电源控制，保证了电子开关(场效应管Q1)的高可用性，并且通过场效应管Q1实现热插拔，在拔插过程中不放电弧，可以实现即插即用，方便维护以及更换用电设备。
实施例二：
如图2-3所示，在本实施例中，所述输出控制模块包括用于外接电源的限流电路和电子开关，所述温控保护模块包括温控电路和用于获取电子开关温度的负温度系数电阻NTC1，所述限流电路的输出端与电子开关的输入端连接，所述电子开关的输出端与用电设备连接，所述负温度系数电阻NTC1通过温控电路与电子开关的驱动端连接，优选的，所述电子开关包括用于驱使电源和用电设备之间处于通路和断路其中一种状态的场效应管Q1，所述限流电路包括限流电阻RCS，所述场效应管Q1的源极通过限流电阻RCS与电源连接，场效应管Q1的源极的漏极与用电设备连接，所述负温度系数电阻NTC1通过温控电路与场效应管Q1的栅极连接，进一步的，所述输出控制模块还包括或或运算电路，所述或运算电路包括电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4、电阻R5、电阻R41、电阻R13、电阻R12、运算器U1A、运算器U1B、二极管D1、二极管D3、电容C1和电容C2，所述运算器U1A的电源端通过电阻R2与电源连接，所述运算器U1B的电源端通过电阻R4与电源连接，所述电阻R3的一端与场效应管Q1的源极连接，所述电阻R3的另一端和电容C1的一端均与运算器 U1A的正向输入端连接，所述运算器U1A的输出端通过二极管D1与电阻R41的一端连接，所述电阻R12的一端与场效应管Q1的漏极连接，所述电阻R12的另一端和电容C2的一端均与运输器U1B的正向输入端连接，所述运输器U1B的输出端通过二极管D3与电阻R13的一端连接，所述电阻R41的另一端和电阻R13的另一端均与电阻R5的一端连接，所述电阻R5的另一端和电阻R1的一端均与场效应管Q1的栅极连接，所述电容C1的另一端、电容C2的另一端和电阻R1的另一端均接地，运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端通过温控电路接地。在本实施例中，运算器U1A和运算器U1B分别检测场效应管Q1的源极和漏极两端电压值进行控制场效应管Q1或运算，可以开启场效应管Q1和关闭场效应管Q1，优选的，所述温控电路包括场效应管Q4、电阻R14、电阻R60、运算器U3A、电阻R15、电容C3、电容C4、电阻R16、电阻R17和电阻NTC1，所述电阻R15的一端、电阻R16的一端和电阻R17的一端均与电源连接，所述电阻R16的另一端、电容C3的一端和电阻R60的一端均与运算器U3A的正向输入端连接，所述电阻R17的另一端、电阻NTC1的一端和电容C4的一端均与运算器U3A的反向输入端连接，所述电阻R15的另一端与运算器U3A的电源端连接，所述运算器U3A的输出端通过电阻R14与场效应管Q4的栅极连接，所述运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端均与场效应管Q4的漏极连接，所述场效应管Q4的源极、电容C3的另一端、电容C4的另一端、电阻R60的另一端和电阻NTC1的另一端均接地。在 本实施例中，所述电阻NTC1为负温度系数的电阻，电阻的阻值与温度呈线性关系，即温度越高阻值越大，例如选型NTC负温度系数电阻10K，常温25度电阻值是2K，温度升高10度对应电阻值1K，呈线性变化，当温度升高到100度对应电阻值12K，具体的，电阻NTC1用于测量电子开关(场效应管Q1)的工作温度；当电阻NTC1检测到电子开关(场效应管Q1)的工作温度达到预设温度时，电阻NTC1的电阻值会变大，运算器U3A负反馈翻转，把或运算电路中的运算器U1A和运算器U1B关闭，从而关断场效应管Q1，负载无输出；具体的，运算器U3A的基准电压是1V，当电阻NTC1的电阻值变大到10K时，那么此时运算器U3A的反向输入端的电压1.2V大于基准电压1V，所以运算器U3A负反馈翻转拉低场效应管Q4(场效应管Q4为NMOS管)的栅极的电压，即运算器U3A向场效应管Q4的栅极输出低电平驱使场效应管Q4关断，进而关闭运算器U1A和运算器U1B，此时运算器U1A和运算器U1B共同向场效应管Q1输出低电平，驱使场效应管Q1关断，从而保护整个电路稳定，避免损坏元器件。
实施例三
如图4-5所示，在本实施例中，所述输出控制模块包括用于外接电源的限流电路和用于连接外界用电设备的电子开关，所述故障自检测模块包括检测电路和故障保护电路，所述限流电路的输出端、电子开关的输出端均与检测电路的输入端连接，所述检测电路的输出端通过故障保护电路与电子开关的驱动端连接，优选的，所述电子开关 包括用于驱使电源和用电设备之间处于通路和断路其中一种状态的场效应管Q1，所述限流电路包括限流电阻RCS，限流电阻RCS的一端与电源连接，所述限流电阻RCS的另一端和检测电路的输入端均与场效应管Q1的连接，其中限流电阻RCS的另一端与场效应管Q1的源极连接，场效应管Q1的源极和漏极均与检测电路的输入端连接，所述检测电路的输出端通过故障保护电路与场效应管Q1的栅极连接；进一步的，所述输出控制模块还包括或或运算电路，所述或运算电路包括电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4、电阻R5、电阻R41、电阻R13、电阻R12、运算器U1A、运算器U1B、二极管D1、二极管D3、电容C1和电容C2，所述运算器U1A的电源端通过电阻R2与电源连接，所述运算器U1B的电源端通过电阻R4与电源连接，所述电阻R3的一端与场效应管Q1的源极连接，所述电阻R3的另一端和电容C1的一端均与运算器U1A的正向输入端连接，所述运算器U1A的输出端通过二极管D1与电阻R41的一端连接，所述电阻R12的一端与场效应管Q1的漏极连接，所述电阻R12的另一端和电容C2的一端均与运输器U1B的正向输入端连接，所述运输器U1B的输出端通过二极管D3与电阻R13的一端连接，所述电阻R41的另一端和电阻R13的另一端均与电阻R5的一端连接，所述电阻R5的另一端和电阻R1的一端均与场效应管Q1的栅极连接，所述运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B通过故障保护电路接地，所述电容C1的另一端、电容C2的另一端和电阻R1的另一端均接地。在本实施例中，运算器U1A和运算器U1B分别检测场效应管Q1的源极和漏 极两端电压值进行控制场效应管Q1或运算，可以开启场效应管Q1和关闭场效应管Q1。
优选的，所述故障保护电路包括场效应管Q4、电阻R14、电阻R60、运算器U3A、电阻R15、电容C3、电容C4、电阻R16、电阻R17和电阻NTC1，所述电阻R15的一端、电阻R16的一端和电阻R17的一端均与限流电路的输入端连接，所述电阻R16的另一端、电容C3的一端和电阻R60的一端均与运算器U3A的正向输入端连接，所述电阻R17的另一端、电阻NTC1的一端和电容C4的一端均与运算器U3A的反向输入端连接，所述电阻R15的另一端与运算器U3A的电源端连接，所述运算器U3A的输出端通过电阻R14与场效应管Q4的栅极连接，所述运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端均与场效应管Q4的漏极连接，所述场效应管Q4的源极、电容C3的另一端、电容C4的另一端、电阻R60的另一端和电阻NTC1的另一端均接地；进一步的，所述检测电路包括电阻R27、电阻R28、电阻R29、电阻R30、电阻R31、电阻R32、电阻R33、电阻R34、电阻R35、电阻R37、电阻R38、电阻R39、电阻R40、电容C10、电容EC3、电容C11、电容C9、场效应管Q5、运算器U4A和运算器U4B，所述电子开关的驱动端与电阻R33的一端连接，所述电阻R33的另一端、电阻R32的一端和电容C9的一端均与运算器U4A的正向输入端连接，所述运算器U4A的输出端与电阻R28的一端连接，所述运算器U4A的电源端通过电阻R31与限流电路的输入端连接，所述限流电路的输出端与电阻R34的一端连接，所述电阻R34 的另一端、电阻R35的一端和电容C10的一端均与运算器U4A的反向输入端连接，所述限流电路的输出端与电阻R37的一端连接，所述电阻R37的另一端、电阻R40的一端、电容EC3的一端均与运算器U4B的正向输入端连接，所述电子开关的输出端与电阻R38的一端连接，所述电阻R38的另一端、电阻R39的一端和电容C11的一端均与运算器U4B的反向输入端连接，所述运算器U4B的电源端通过电阻R30与限流电路的输入端连接，所述运算器U4B的输出端与电阻R29的一端连接，所述电阻R28的另一端和电阻R29的另一端均与场效应管Q5的栅极连接，所述场效应管Q5的源极通过电阻R27与限流电路的输入端连接，所述运算器U3A的反向输入端、运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端均与场效应管Q5的漏极连接，所述电阻R32的另一端、电容C9的另一端、电阻R39的另一端、电容C11的另一端、电阻R35的另一端、电容C10的另一端、电阻R40的另一端和电容EC9的另一端均接地。在本实施例中，运算器U4A和运算器U4B获取场效应管Q1两端(源极和漏极)的电压，进行比较大小，判断场效应管Q1两端电压的误差超过预定范围，例如0.3V、0.5V，当运算器U4A和运算器U4B检测场效应管Q1的源极和漏极两端电压误差小于0.5V时，而运算器U4A和运算器U4B基准电压是0.5V，所以运算器U4A和运算器U4B没有翻转，即此时可视为场效应管Q1的导通状态不受故障自检测模块影响；当运算器U4A和运算器U4B检测场效应管Q1的源极和漏极两端电压误差大0.5V时，由于运算器U4A和运算器U4B基准电压是0.5V， 所以运算器U4A和运算器U4B翻转，驱使场效应管Q5导通，进而驱使故障保护电路中的运算器U3A负反馈翻转拉低场效应管Q4栅极的电压，驱使场效应管Q4关断，从而关闭或运算电路中的运算器U1A和运算器U1B，即关断场效应管Q1管，以实现自动检测电压故障问题及时作出保护，不会影响其他机器正常工作。
实施例四：
在本实施例中，如图6所示，所述输出控制模块包括用于外接电源的限流电路和电子开关，所述启动自调整模块包括用于获取限流电路输出端电流的第一检测电路和用于调整电子开关导通效率的第一调整电路，所述限流电路的输出端与电子开关的输入端连接，所述电子开关的输出端与用电设备连接，所述第一检测电路的输入端与电子开关的输入端连接，所述第一检测电路的输出端通过第一调整电路与电子开关的驱动端连接；优选的，所述电子开关包括用于驱使电源和用电设备之间处于通路和断路其中一种状态的场效应管Q1，所述限流电路包括限流电阻RCS，所述场效应管Q1的源极通过限流电阻RCS与电源连接，场效应管Q1的源极的漏极与用电设备连接，进一步的，所述输出控制模块还包括或或运算电路，所述或运算电路包括电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4、电阻R5、电阻R41、电阻R13、电阻R12、运算器U1A、运算器U1B、二极管D1、二极管D3、电容C1和电容C2，所述运算器U1A的电源端通过电阻R2与电源连接，所述运算器U1B的电源端通过电阻R4与电源连接，所述电阻R3的一端与场效应管Q1的源极连接，所述电阻R3的另一端和电容 C1的一端均与运算器U1A的正向输入端连接，所述运算器U1A的输出端通过二极管D1与电阻R41的一端连接，所述电阻R12的一端与场效应管Q1的漏极连接，所述电阻R12的另一端和电容C2的一端均与运输器U1B的正向输入端连接，所述运输器U1B的输出端通过二极管D3与电阻R13的一端连接，所述电阻R41的另一端和电阻R13的另一端均与电阻R5的一端连接，所述电阻R5的另一端和电阻R1的一端均与场效应管Q1的栅极连接，所述第一调整电路与电阻R5并联，所述电容C1的另一端、电容C2的另一端、电阻R1的另一端、运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端均接地；在本实施例中，运算器U1A和运算器U1B分别检测场效应管Q1的源极和漏极两端电压值进行控制场效应管Q1或运算，可以开启场效应管Q1和关闭场效应管Q1。
具体的，所述第一调整电路包括电阻R6、电阻R7、电阻R8和场效应管Q2，所述电阻R8的一端与第一检测电路的输出端连接，所述电阻R7的一端和电阻R8的另一端均与场效应管Q2的栅极连接，所述电阻R7的另一端和场效应管Q2的源极均与电阻R5的一端连接，所述场效应管Q2的漏极与电阻R6的一端连接，电阻R6的另一端与电阻R5的另一端连接；优选的，所述第一检测电路包括电阻R18、电阻R19、电阻R20、电阻R21、电容C5、电容C6和运算器U2B，所述电阻R20的一端和电阻R21的一端均与电源连接，所述电阻R20的另一端、电阻R18的一端和电容C5的一端均与运算器U2B的正向输入端连接，所述限流电路的输出端与电阻R19的一端 连接，电阻R19的另一端和电容C6的一端均与运算器U2B的反向输入端连接，所述运算器U2B的电源端与电阻R21的另一端连接，所述运算器U2B的输出端与电阻R8的一端连接，所述电阻R18的另一端、电容C5的另一端和电容C6的另一端均接地；在本实施例中，启动自调整模块检测流过电阻RCS的电流(即流入场效应管Q1的电流)，其中运算器U2B的基准电压是1V，当流过电阻RCS的电流大于等于第一电流预设值(例如20A)时，即运算器U2B检测到电阻RCS电流大于等于20A，那么此时运算器U2B反向输入端的电压为1.2V大于基准电压1V，所以运算器U2B负反馈翻转驱使场效应管Q2导通，其中场效应管Q2是PMOS管；当场效应管Q2导通时，则电阻R5与电阻R6并联，阻值变小，或运算电路输出的驱动电流变大，从而提高场效应管Q1的导通时间和速度。
优选的，还包括第二调整电路，所述第二调整电路包括电阻R9、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R22、电阻R23、电阻R24、电阻R25、电阻R26、场效应管Q3、电容C7、电容C8、运算器U2A，所述电阻R24的一端和电阻R22的一端均与电源连接，所述运算器U2A的电源端与电阻R22的另一端连接，所述电阻R24的另一端、电容C7的一端和电阻R23的一端均与运算器U2A的正向输入端连接，所述电阻R25的一端与运算器U2B的反向输入端连接，所述电阻R25的另一端、电阻R26的一端和电容C8的一端均与运算器U2A的反向输入端连接，所述运算器U2A的输出端与电阻R11的一端连接，所述电阻R11的另一端和电阻R10的一端均与场效应管Q3的栅极连 接，所述场效应管Q3的源极和电阻R10的另一端均与场效应管Q2的栅极连接，所述场效应管Q3的漏极与电阻R9的一端连接，所述电阻R9的另一端与电阻R5的另一端连接，所述电阻R23的另一端、电容C7的另一端、电阻R26的另一端和电容C8的另一端均接地；在本实施例中，运算器U2A的基准电压是1V，当流过电阻RCS的电流大于等于第二电流预设值(例如35A)时，运算器U2B检测到RCS电阻电流大于等于35A，那么此时运算器U2B反向输入端的电压为1.5V，即等于运算器U2A反向输入端的电压为1.5V；经过电阻R25和电阻R26分压后，运算器U2A反向输入端的电压为1.2V大于运算器U2A的基准电压1V，所以U2A运放电路负反馈翻转驱使场效应管Q3导通，其中场效应管Q3是PMOS管，当场效应管Q3导通时，则电阻R9、电阻R5与电阻R6三个电阻并联，阻值变的更小，或运算电路输出的驱动电流变大，进一步提高场效应管Q1的导通时间和速度。当流过电阻RCS电流大于等于20A时，运算器U2B检测到RCS电阻电流大于等于20A，那么此时运算器U2B反向输入端的电压是1.2V，即等于运算器U2A反向输入端的电压为1.2V；经过R25和R26分压得到运算器U2A反向输入端的电压为0.8V小于U2A运放电路基准电压1V，所以运算器U2A的负反馈停止，正反馈翻转，驱使场效应管Q3关断(不导通)。
对本领域的技术人员来说，可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思，做出其它各种相应的改变以及形变，而所有的这些改变以及形变都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种监控保护用电设备的控制装置，其特征在于：包括用于驱使外界用电设备处于运行和关闭其中一种状态的输出控制模块、用于监控输出控制模块的工作温度的温控保护模块、用于调整输出控制模块输出效率的启动自调整模块和用于检测输出控制模块两端的电压差的故障自检测模块，所述输出控制模块包括连接在电源和用电设备之间的电子开关和用于驱使电子开关处于闭合和断路其中一种状态的或运算电路，所述或运算电路的输入端和启动自调整模块的输入端均与电子开关连接，所述故障自检测模块通过温控保护模块与或运算电路连接；所述电子开关包括输入端、输出端和用于驱使输入端和输出端处于导通和截止其中一种状态的驱动端，所述电源、或运算电路的输入端、启动自调整模块的输入端、故障自检测模块的输入端均与电子开关的输入端连接，所述或运算电路的输入端、故障自检测模块输入端和用电设备均与电子开关的输出端连接，所述或运算电路的输出端与电子开关的驱动端连接；所述或运算电路包括电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4、电阻R5、电阻R41、电阻R13、电阻R12、运算器U1A、运算器U1B、二极管D1、二极管D3、电容C1和电容C2，所述运算器U1A的电源端通过电阻R2与电源连接，所述运算器U1B的电源端通过电阻R4与电源连接，所述电阻R3的一端与电子开关的输入端连接连接，所述电阻R3的另一端和电容C1的一端均与运算器U1A的正向输入端连接，所述运算器U1A的输出端通过二极管D1与电阻R41的一端连接，所述电阻R12的一端与电子开关的输出端连接，所述电阻R12的另一端和电容C2的一端均与运输器 U1B的正向输入端连接，所述运输器U1B的输出端通过二极管D3与电阻R13的一端连接，所述电阻R41的另一端和电阻R13的另一端均与电阻R5的一端连接，所述电阻R5的另一端和电阻R1的一端均与电子开关的驱动端连接，所述温控保护模块、运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端均与故障自检测模块连接，所述电容C1的另一端、电容C2的另一端和电阻R1的另一端均接地。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的监控保护用电设备的控制装置，其特征在于：所述温控保护模块包括场效应管Q4、电阻R14、电阻R60、运算器U3A、电阻R15、电容C3、电容C4、电阻R16、电阻R17和电阻NTC1，所述电阻R15的一端、电阻R16的一端和电阻R17的一端均与电源连接，所述电阻R16的另一端、电容C3的一端和电阻R60的一端均与运算器U3A的正向输入端连接，所述电阻R17的另一端、电阻NTC1的一端、电容C4的一端和故障自检测模块均与运算器U3A的反向输入端连接，所述电阻R15的另一端与运算器U3A的电源端连接，所述运算器U3A的输出端通过电阻R14与场效应管Q4的栅极连接，所述运算器U1A的反向输入端、运算器U1B的反向输入端和故障自检测模块均与场效应管Q4的漏极连接，所述场效应管Q4的源极、电容C3的另一端、电容C4的另一端、电阻R60的另一端和电阻NTC1的另一端均接地。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的监控保护用电设备的控制装置，其特征在于：所述故障自检测模块包括电阻R27、电阻R28、电阻R29、电阻R30、电阻R31、电阻R32、电阻R33、电阻R34、电阻R35、电 阻R37、电阻R38、电阻R39、电阻R40、电容C10、电容EC3、电容C11、电容C9、场效应管Q5、运算器U4A和运算器U4B，所述电子开关的输出端与电阻R33的一端连接，所述电阻R33的另一端、电阻R32的一端和电容C9的一端均与运算器U4A的正向输入端连接，所述运算器U4A的输出端与电阻R28的一端连接，所述运算器U4A的电源端通过电阻R31与电源连接，所述电子开关的输入端与电阻R34的一端连接，所述电阻R34的另一端、电阻R35的一端和电容C10的一端均与运算器U4A的反向输入端连接，所述电子开关的输入端与电阻R37的一端连接，所述电阻R37的另一端、电阻R40的一端、电容EC3的一端均与运算器U4B的正向输入端连接，所述电子开关的输出端与电阻R38的一端连接，所述电阻R38的另一端、电阻R39的一端和电容C11的一端均与运算器U4B的反向输入端连接，所述运算器U4B的电源端通过电阻R30与电源连接，所述运算器U4B的输出端与电阻R29的一端连接，所述运算器U3A的反向输入端、电阻R28的另一端和电阻R29的另一端均与场效应管Q5的栅极连接，所述场效应管Q5的源极通过电阻R27与电源连接，所述场效应管Q4的漏极、运算器U1A的反向输入端和运算器U1B的反向输入端均与场效应管Q5的漏极连接，所述电阻R32的另一端、电容C9的另一端、电阻R39的另一端、电容C11的另一端、电阻R35的另一端、电容C10的另一端、电阻R40的另一端和电容EC3的另一端均接地。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的监控保护用电设备的控制装置，其特征 在于：所述启动自调整模块包括电阻R6、电阻R7、电阻R8、电阻R9、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R18、电阻R19、电阻R20、电阻R21、电阻R22、电阻R23、电阻R24、电阻R25、电阻R26、场效应管Q2、场效应管Q3、电容C5、电容C6、电容C7、电容C8、运算器U2A和运算器U2B，所述电阻R20的一端、电阻R21的一端、电阻R24的一端和电阻R22的一端均与电源连接，所述电阻R20的另一端、电阻R18的一端和电容C5的一端均与运算器U2B的正向输入端连接，所述电子开关的输入端与电阻R19的一端连接，电阻R19的另一端、电容C6的一端和电阻R25的一端均与运算器U2B的反向输入端连接，所述运算器U2B的电源端与电阻R21的另一端连接，所述运算器U2B的输出端与电阻R8的一端连接，所述运算器U2A的电源端与电阻R22的另一端连接，所述电阻R24的另一端、电容C7的一端和电阻R23的一端均与运算器U2A的正向输入端连接，所述电阻R25的另一端、电阻R26的一端和电容C8的一端均与运算器U2A的反向输入端连接，所述运算器U2A的输出端与电阻R11的一端连接，所述电阻R11的另一端和电阻R10的一端均与场效应管Q3的栅极连接，所述场效应管Q3的源极、电阻R7的一端、电阻R10的另一端和电阻R8的另一端均与场效应管Q2的栅极连接，所述场效应管Q3的漏极与电阻R9的一端连接，所述电阻R7的另一端和场效应管Q2的源极均与电阻R5的一端连接，所述场效应管Q2的漏极与电阻R6的一端连接，所述电阻R9的另一端和电阻R6的另一端均与电阻R5的另一端连接，所述电阻R18的另一端、电容C5 的另一端、电容C6的另一端、电阻R23的另一端、电容C7的另一端、电阻R26的另一端和电容C8的另一端均接地。
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