WO2023282006A1 - 導電性組成物及びその製造方法、導電性画像の記録方法、並びに導電性画像 - Google Patents
導電性組成物及びその製造方法、導電性画像の記録方法、並びに導電性画像 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023282006A1 WO2023282006A1 PCT/JP2022/024057 JP2022024057W WO2023282006A1 WO 2023282006 A1 WO2023282006 A1 WO 2023282006A1 JP 2022024057 W JP2022024057 W JP 2022024057W WO 2023282006 A1 WO2023282006 A1 WO 2023282006A1
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- hydrophilic
- general formula
- heteroaromatic
- conductive composition
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- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002721 polycyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000235 small-angle X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WZWGGYFEOBVNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na] WZWGGYFEOBVNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical class OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/08—Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/26—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/12—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/145—Chemical treatment, e.g. passivation or decarburisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/62—Metallic pigments or fillers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
- C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
- C09D11/322—Pigment inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F2009/001—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof from scrap particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/42—Magnetic properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive composition, a method for producing the same, a method for recording a conductive image, and a conductive image.
- a liquid conductive composition containing metal particles is used as a material for recording and forming film-like conductive images such as patterns and circuits that exhibit conductivity.
- a modifier that can be adsorbed to the metal particles.
- a modifier is a component that does not contribute to conductivity, it has been necessary to remove it from the recorded conductive image by performing a baking treatment at a high temperature or a cleaning treatment using a solvent. .
- conductive compositions that do not require high-temperature baking treatment.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a conductive ink for forming a conductive pattern, containing conductive particles and an ionic liquid.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for forming a conductive coating containing metal particles, an organic component capable of forming a micelle structure by adsorbing on the surface of the metal particles, and an amine compound acting as a stabilizer. Conductive inks have been proposed.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a nanoink composition for forming a conductive film, which contains metal particles and an organic ⁇ -conjugated ligand such as phthalocyanine that ⁇ -bonds to the metal particles.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a conductive paste for heating steam treatment containing metal particles, a resin binder, and a hydrazone compound.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that after screen printing a paste, a hydrazine compound having a reducing property is generated from a hydrazone compound by performing a heating steam treatment to reduce a metal oxide to a metal.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a conductive composition that allows easy recording of a conductive image with excellent conductivity by simply performing a simple post-treatment.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing this conductive composition, a method for recording a conductive image using this conductive composition, and a conductive image.
- a conductive composition containing metal particles and a treating agent for coating the metal particles is a compound represented by the following general formula (1), a compound represented by the following general formula (2), a compound represented by the following general formula (3), or a compound represented by the following general formula (4). at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following general formula (5), a compound represented by the following general formula (6), and a compound represented by the following general formula (7)
- An electrically conductive composition comprising:
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an acid ester group, or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 to R 4 (i) a heteroaromatic group; (ii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group; an aromatic group bound with at least one hydrophilic functional group selected from the group consisting of a phosphate group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group; or (iii) the hydrophilic functional group is an aromatic group linked through an aliphatic group that may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond;
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an acid ester group, or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 to R 4 (i) a heteroaromatic group; (ii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group; an aromatic group bound with at least one hydrophilic functional group selected from the group consisting of a phosphate group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group; or (iii) the hydrophilic functional group is an aromatic group linked through an aliphatic group that may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond;
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an aromatic group or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is the hydrophilic group.
- the hydrophilic The group is selected from the group consisting of (i) a heteroaromatic group; (ii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphate group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group. or (iii) said hydrophilic functional group is attached through an aliphatic group which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond. aromatic group;
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an aromatic group or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is the hydrophilic group.
- the hydrophilic The group is selected from the group consisting of (i) a heteroaromatic group; (ii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphate group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group. or (iii) said hydrophilic functional group is attached through an aliphatic group which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond. aromatic group;
- R 1 represents a hydrophilic group.
- the hydrophilic group includes (i) a heteroaromatic group; (ii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group , a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and an aromatic group to which at least one hydrophilic functional group selected from the group consisting of a heteroaromatic group is bonded; or (iii) the hydrophilic functional group is a hetero an aromatic group linked through an aliphatic group which may contain an atom, an amide bond, or an ester bond;
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an acid ester group, or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 to R 8 (i) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group; any hydrophilic functional group selected from the group; or (ii) an aliphatic group, which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond, to which said hydrophilic functional group is attached;
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an acid ester group, or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 to R 8 (i) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group; any hydrophilic functional group selected from the group; or (ii) an aliphatic group, which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond, to which said hydrophilic functional group is attached;
- a conductive composition capable of easily recording a conductive image with excellent conductivity by simply performing a simple post-treatment. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing this conductive composition, a method for recording a conductive image using this conductive composition, and a conductive image.
- the salt when the compound is a salt, the salt is dissociated into ions in the composition, but for convenience, it is expressed as "containing the salt".
- the conductive composition may be simply referred to as “composition” or “ink”.
- the "image” in the present invention includes characters, photographs, line drawings, wiring, patterns, etc., and expression of a desired "image” on a substrate is described as “recording” or “formation.” Physical properties are values at room temperature (25° C.) unless otherwise specified.
- a low-molecular-weight compound having a hydrazine structure that functions as an adsorption site to metal particles and a hydrophilic group for dispersing metal particles can be used as a metal particle modifier. was found to be effective. That is, by using metal particles together with a specific low-molecular-weight compound having a hydrazine structure and a hydrophilic group, it is possible to record a conductive image with excellent conductivity simply by performing a simple post-treatment such as drying. The present invention has been achieved.
- the conductive composition of the present invention contains metal particles and a treating agent for coating the metal particles. Each component constituting the conductive composition will be described below.
- the conductive composition contains metal particles.
- the metal particles are preferably made of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver and gold. Among them, platinum, copper, silver and gold are preferable as the metal forming the metal particles, and silver and gold are particularly preferable.
- At least part of the surface of the metal particles is coated with a treatment agent, which will be described later.
- the treatment agent interacts with the metal particles, so that the treatment agent adheres to the surface of the metal particles and is immobilized. Interactions between metal particles and treatment agents include physical adsorption and chemisorption. In the case of physisorption, it is a mixture of van der Waals interactions and ionic adsorption, which is considered to be in equilibrium. On the other hand, in the case of chemisorption, it is considered that metal atoms contained in the metal particles and nitrogen atoms contained in the treatment agent form chemical bonds (covalent bonds).
- the coating of the metal particles with the treating agent may be either physical adsorption or chemical adsorption.
- the nitrogen atoms interact with the metal particles to coat the metal particles, and the hydrophilic groups are believed to function as dispersing groups for dispersing the metal particles. be done.
- a specific low-molecular-weight compound it is possible to stably disperse metal particles that are difficult to disperse in a liquid medium such as an aqueous medium.
- a conductive composition capable of easily forming a conductive image having excellent conductivity simply by performing a simple post-treatment such as drying.
- the zeta ( ⁇ ) potential of metal particles that are not coated with a treatment agent is usually 0 mV or higher, that is, the zeta potential is zero or positive with a small absolute value (value of about 0 to +3 mV).
- the zeta potential of metal particles at least partially coated with a treating agent varies depending on the hydrophilic groups of the treating agent.
- the hydrophilic group of the treatment agent is anionic, the zeta potential of the metal particles coated with the treatment agent is lower than the zeta potential of the uncoated metal particles (mainly, a negative value, specifically indicates a value of -1 mV or less).
- the hydrophilic group of the treating agent is a heteroaromatic group or a tertiary alkylamino group, the zeta potential of the metal particles coated with the treating agent is higher than the zeta potential of the uncoated metal particles ( It mainly shows a positive value with a large absolute value, specifically, a value of +5 mV or more.
- the zeta potential can be measured with a zeta potential measuring device.
- the conductive composition in order to exclude the treatment agent that does not coat the metal particles, the conductive composition is centrifuged to remove the supernatant to obtain a wet cake, and then a liquid medium (such as water ), it is preferable to use a sample prepared by diluting with
- whether or not at least part of the surface of the metal particles is coated with the treatment agent can also be confirmed by tracking the amount of these compounds before and after contact with the metal particles. can be done. For example, after contacting the metal particles with the treating agent, centrifugation is performed for solid-liquid separation, and quantitative analysis of the treating agent in the resulting supernatant liquid reveals that part or all of the surface of the metal particles is the treating agent. It can be verified whether it is covered or not.
- a method (analytical method) for tracking the amount of the treating agent before and after contact with the metal particles a method using a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) or a gas chromatograph (GC) can be used.
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatograph
- GC gas chromatograph
- the metal particles exist in the conductive composition in a dispersed state.
- the volume-based cumulative 50% particle diameter of the metal particles in the conductive composition is preferably 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the “volume-based cumulative 50% particle size” is also simply referred to as “average particle size”. If the average particle size of the metal particles is less than 5 nm, they may easily aggregate in the conductive composition. On the other hand, if the average particle size of the metal particles exceeds 100 nm, they may tend to settle in the conductive composition.
- the volume-based cumulative 50% particle size (average particle size) of metal particles can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method. When the metal particles are made of gold or silver, the difference in particle size of the metal particles can be easily determined by measuring the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum.
- the conductive composition contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formulas (1) to (7) as a treatment agent for coating metal particles.
- the treatment agent is preferably a colorless compound (a compound that does not have an absorption maximum in the wavelength range of 360-830 nm). That is, the processing agent is not a so-called "colorant”.
- the molecular weight of the treatment agent is preferably 1,000 or less, more preferably 600 or less, particularly preferably 500 or less, and preferably 100 or more.
- the molecular weights of the treating agents are for structures in which the anionic groups are in the acid form and the cationic groups are in the basic form.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an acid ester group, or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 to R 4 is Hydrophilic groups, not all of which are hydrogen atoms at the same time.
- the hydrophilic group is selected from the group consisting of (i) a heteroaromatic group; (ii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphate group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) can also be called a hydrazine compound.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an acid ester group, or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 to R 4 is Hydrophilic groups, not all of which are hydrogen atoms at the same time.
- the hydrophilic group is selected from the group consisting of (i) a heteroaromatic group; (ii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphate group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group.
- a compound represented by the general formula (2) can also be referred to as a hydrazone compound.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an aromatic group or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a hydrophilic group.
- the hydrophilic group is selected from the group consisting of (i) a heteroaromatic group; (ii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphate group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group. an aromatic group to which at least one selected hydrophilic functional group is attached; or (iii) the hydrophilic functional group is attached through an aliphatic group which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond. aromatic group;
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an aromatic group or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a hydrophilic group.
- the hydrophilic group is selected from the group consisting of (i) a heteroaromatic group; (ii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphate group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group. an aromatic group to which at least one selected hydrophilic functional group is attached; or (iii) the hydrophilic functional group is attached through an aliphatic group which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond. aromatic group;
- R 1 represents a hydrophilic group.
- the hydrophilic group is selected from the group consisting of (i) a heteroaromatic group; (ii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphate group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group. an aromatic group to which at least one selected hydrophilic functional group is attached; or (iii) the hydrophilic functional group is attached through an aliphatic group which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond. aromatic group;
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an acid ester group, or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 to R 8 is It is a hydrophilic group.
- the hydrophilic group is (i) any hydrophilic selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group or (ii) an aliphatic group, which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond, to which a hydrophilic functional group is attached.
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an acid ester group, or a hydrophilic group, and at least one of R 1 to R 8 is It is a hydrophilic group.
- the hydrophilic group is (i) any hydrophilic selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group or (ii) an aliphatic group, which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond, to which a hydrophilic functional group is attached.
- Aliphatic groups represented by R 8 include alkyl groups and alkenyl groups.
- the alkyl group and alkenyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and preferably have 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, and neopentyl.
- alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl and butenyl groups.
- At least some of the hydrogen atoms constituting the aliphatic group may be substituted with halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms, and heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms.
- R 1 to R 4 in general formula (1), R 1 to R 4 in general formula ( 2), R 1 and R 2 in general formula ( 3 ), R 1 and R in general formula (4) 2 , R 1 to R 8 in general formula (6), and R 1 to R 8 in general formula (7) include aryl groups and heteroaryl groups.
- the aryl group and heteroaryl group may be either a monocyclic ring or a composite ring, and the number of atoms constituting the ring is preferably 3 to 10.
- a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom can be mentioned as the heteroatom constituting the heteroaryl group.
- Aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, and biphenyl groups.
- Heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, thienyl, and thiazolyl groups. Among these, phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthracenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, biphenyl group and pyridinyl group are preferred, and phenyl group is more preferred.
- acid ester groups include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, i-propoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl and phenoxycarbonyl groups.
- At least one of R 1 to R 4 in general formula (1) is a hydrophilic group, and the rest are not all hydrogen atoms at the same time.
- At least one of R 1 to R 4 in the general formula (2) is a hydrophilic group, and the rest are not all hydrogen atoms at the same time.
- all groups other than hydrophilic groups are not hydrogen atoms, and substituents other than hydrophilic groups are By using a structure having a hydrazine structure, the reactivity of the hydrazine structure, which is a reaction active site, can be reduced. Thereby, aggregation of metal particles due to reduction can be suppressed.
- At least one of R 1 and R 2 in general formula (3) is a hydrophilic group.
- At least one of R 1 and R 2 in general formula (4) is a hydrophilic group.
- R 1 in general formula (5) is a hydrophilic group.
- R 1 to R 4 in general formula (1), R 1 to R 4 in general formula ( 2), R 1 and R 2 in general formula ( 3 ), R 1 and R in general formula (4) 2 and the hydrophilic group represented by R 1 in the general formula (5) is any one of the following (i) to (iii).
- a heteroaromatic group at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group (iii) a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a tertiary alkylamino group, and a heteroaromatic group.
- At least one hydrophilic functional group is an aromatic group bonded through an aliphatic group that may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond
- heteroatom that constitutes the heteroaromatic group examples include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- Heteroaromatic groups include pyridyl, pyridazyl, pyrazyl, pyrimidyl, triazyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, and furanyl groups. Among them, a pyridazyl group, a pyrazyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and a triazyl group are preferable.
- hydrophilic group in general formula (1) and the hydrophilic group in general formula (2) are each independently selected from the group consisting of (i) a pyridazyl group, a pyrazyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and a triazyl group. is preferably any heteroaromatic group.
- Examples of the aromatic group to which a hydrophilic functional group such as a hydroxy group is bonded include an aryl group and a heteroaryl group.
- the aryl group and heteroaryl group may be either monocyclic or compound ring, and the number of atoms constituting the ring is preferably 3 to 10.
- a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom can be mentioned as a heteroatom constituting the heteroaryl group.
- Aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, and biphenyl groups.
- Heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, thienyl, and thiazolyl groups. Among these, phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthracenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, biphenyl group and pyridinyl group are preferred, and phenyl group is more preferred.
- Aromatic groups in which a hydrophilic functional group such as a hydroxy group is bonded via an aliphatic group which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond include aryl groups and heteroaryl groups. be able to.
- the aryl group and heteroaryl group may be either monocyclic or compound ring, and the number of atoms constituting the ring is preferably 3 to 10.
- a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom can be mentioned as a heteroatom constituting the heteroaryl group.
- Aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, and biphenyl groups.
- Heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, thienyl, and thiazolyl groups. Among these, phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthracenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, biphenyl group and pyridinyl group are preferred, and phenyl group is more preferred.
- Examples of aliphatic groups include C 1-6 alkylene groups such as methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, i-propylene, butylene, propylene and hexylene.
- Heteroatoms can include nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms.
- the hydrophilic groups in general formulas (1) to (5) are each independently preferably the following (ii) or (iii). (ii) a phenyl group to which a hydrophilic functional group is attached; or (iii) a phenyl group to which a hydrophilic functional group is attached via an aliphatic group which may contain a heteroatom, an amide bond, or an ester bond. ; is preferred.
- the hydrophilic group is preferably a phenyl group to which at least one of a carboxylic acid group and a sulfonic acid group is bonded.
- the total number of carboxylic acid groups and sulfonic acid groups bonded to the phenyl group is preferably 2 or 3 from the viewpoint of hydrophilicity and availability.
- At least one of R 1 to R 8 in general formula (6) is a hydrophilic group. At least one of R 1 to R 8 in general formula (7) is a hydrophilic group.
- the hydrophilic groups represented by R 1 to R 8 in general formula (6) and R 1 to R 8 in general formula (7) are (i) or (ii) shown below.
- heteroatom A nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom can be mentioned as the heteroatom that constitutes the heteroaromatic group.
- Heteroaromatic groups include pyridyl, pyridazyl, pyrazyl, pyrimidyl, triazyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, and furanyl groups.
- a pyridazyl group, a pyrazyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and a triazyl group are preferable.
- Examples of aliphatic groups include alkylene groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methylene, ethylene, methylmethylene, n-propylene, i-propylene, butylene, propylene and hexylene groups.
- alkylene groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methylene, ethylene, methylmethylene, n-propylene, i-propylene, butylene, propylene and hexylene groups.
- Heteroatoms can include nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms.
- hydrophilic group in general formula (6) and the hydrophilic group in general formula (7) are each independently preferably a group represented by general formula (8) below.
- R x and R y each independently represent an alkyl group
- R z represents an alkylene group
- the alkyl groups represented by R x and R y may be linear, branched or cyclic, and preferably have 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the cyclic alkyl group may be either monocyclic or composite, and preferably has 3 to 10 carbon atoms constituting the ring.
- Alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, and neopentyl. group, hexyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the alkylene group represented by R z may be either linear or cyclic, and is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- linear alkylene groups include methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, i-propylene, butylene, propylene and hexylene groups.
- cyclic alkylene group include a 1,2-cyclobutylene group, a 1,2-cyclopentylene group, a 1,2-cyclohexylene group, a 1,2-cyclooctylene group, and a 1,2-cyclodecylene group. be able to.
- Hydrophilic functional groups such as hydroxy groups, carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, phosphoric acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, tertiary alkylamino groups, and heteroaromatic groups in each general formula may form salts.
- Salt-forming cations include alkali metal ions, ammonium ions, and organic ammonium ions.
- Alkali metal ions include ions such as lithium, sodium, and potassium.
- Examples of organic ammonium ions include ions such as alkylamines and alkanolamines.
- anions that form salts include hydroxide ions and halide ions.
- halide ions include ions such as iodine, bromine, and chlorine.
- the hydrophilic group can be selected according to the pH of the aqueous medium.
- the pH of the aqueous medium is acidic (pH ⁇ 7)
- tertiary alkylamino groups and heteroaromatic groups tend to form salts.
- the pH of the aqueous medium is alkaline (pH>7)
- hydroxy groups, carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, phosphoric acid groups, and phosphonic acid groups tend to form salts.
- Examples of compounds represented by each general formula are shown in Tables 1-1, 1-2, 2-1 to 2-4, and 3 to 7, with acidic groups as acid forms and basic groups as base forms.
- the compound represented by each general formula is not limited to the compound examples shown below as long as it is included in the structure of each general formula and its definition.
- Abbreviations in Tables 1-1, 1-2, 2-1 to 2-4, and 3 to 7 are Me: methyl group, Et: ethyl group, Ph: phenyl group, tBu: t-butyl group, 2Py: It is a 2-pyridyl group.
- the metal particles can be stably dispersed in a liquid medium.
- the compounds represented by general formulas (1), (2), (6), and (7) are preferable because they are excellent in the dispersion stability of metal particles and the stability of the treatment agent, and general formula (1) and (2) are more preferred.
- the compounds represented by the general formulas (3) to (5), among the treatment agents may have a slightly reduced zeta potential (absolute value) of the coated particles, resulting in relatively low dispersion stability. tends to be easy.
- general formulas (1), (2), (6) and (7) The compounds represented are more preferred.
- the electrically conductive composition may further contain a liquid medium. Both a non-aqueous medium and an aqueous medium can be used as the liquid medium.
- Non-aqueous media include liquid media composed of organic solvents such as heptane and petroleum ether.
- a non-aqueous medium does not contain water.
- the aqueous medium contains water and may contain various organic solvents.
- the conductive composition preferably further contains an aqueous medium.
- the aqueous medium is water or a mixed medium that uses water as the main component in combination with a protic organic solvent or an aprotic organic solvent.
- a protic organic solvent it is preferable to use one that is miscible with water in any proportion (water-miscible organic solvent) or one that dissolves in water in any proportion (water-soluble organic solvent).
- water-miscible organic solvent it is preferable to use a uniform mixed medium containing 50% by mass or more of water as the aqueous medium.
- water it is preferable to use deionized water (ion-exchanged water) or ultrapure water.
- a protic organic solvent is an organic solvent that has a hydrogen atom (acidic hydrogen atom) bonded to an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
- Aprotic organic solvents are organic solvents that do not contain acidic hydrogen atoms.
- Organic solvents include alcohols, (poly)alkylene glycols, glycol ethers, glycol ether esters, carboxylic acid amides, ketones, ketoalcohols, cyclic ethers, nitrogen-containing solvents, and sulfur-containing solvents. etc. can be mentioned.
- aqueous medium examples include water, a water/alcohol mixed solvent, a water/(poly)alkylene glycol mixed solvent, and a water/nitrogen-containing solvent mixed solvent.
- the content (% by mass) of water in the conductive composition is preferably 10.0% by mass or more and 90.0% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the conductive composition, and 50.0% by mass or more. It is more preferably 90.0% by mass or less.
- the content (% by mass) of the water-soluble organic solvent in the conductive composition is preferably 5.0% by mass or more and 90.0% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the conductive composition, and 10.0% by mass. More preferably, the content is not less than 50.0% by mass and not more than 50.0% by mass.
- the conductive composition may further contain water-soluble organic compounds such as polyhydric alcohols such as trimethylolpropane and trimethylolethane; urea derivatives such as urea and ethyleneurea; and the like.
- the conductive composition optionally contains a surfactant, a pH adjuster, a rust inhibitor, an antiseptic, an anti-mold agent, an antioxidant, an anti-reduction agent, an evaporation accelerator, a chelating agent, and a resin. It may further contain various additives such as
- Anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants can be used as surfactants.
- the content (% by mass) of the surfactant in the conductive composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less based on the total mass of the conductive composition, and 0.1% by mass % or more and 2.0 mass % or less.
- surfactants include nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymers, and acetylene glycol compounds. It is preferable to use
- the method for producing a conductive composition of the present invention comprises a first step of reducing a metal salt in an aqueous medium to form metal particles, and a second step of bringing the formed metal particles into contact with a treating agent. have.
- the metal salt is reduced in an aqueous medium to form metal particles.
- the aqueous medium the aforementioned aqueous medium that can be contained in the conductive composition can be used.
- metal salts include metal salts composed of metal ions and inorganic anions, metal salts composed of metal ions and organic anions, and metal salts composed of metal ions and inorganic organic anions.
- metal ions ions of metals capable of forming metal particles, such as nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, and gold, can be used.
- Inorganic anionic species can include anions such as oxides, halogens, carbonates, and nitrates.
- Organic anionic species can include anions of carboxylic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid.
- metal salts include nickel compounds such as nickel (II) chloride and nickel (II) nitrate; palladium compounds such as palladium (II) chloride, palladium (II) acetate and palladium (II) oxide; platinum (II) chloride; ), platinum compounds such as platinum (IV) oxide; copper compounds such as copper (I) chloride, copper (II) chloride, copper (I) oxide, copper (II) oxide; silver (I) chloride, silver nitrate, silver oxide , silver compounds such as silver acetate; gold(III) oxide, gold(I) chloride, tetragold octachloride, gold(III) chloride, gold(III) bromide, gold(III) fluoride, gold(V) fluoride ), gold compounds such as gold (I) hydroxide and gold (III) hydroxide;
- a recovered metal salt recovered from a metal waste liquid as the metal salt.
- gold chloride (III) acid using recovered gold can be used.
- Chloroaug(III) acid can be prepared by drying the gold-aqua regia solution produced during the above gold regeneration method.
- regenerated chloroauric (III) acid When producing a conductive composition containing gold particles as metal particles, regenerated chloroauric (III) acid can be used as one of the starting materials. Due to the high reducibility of gold, gold particles are preferentially formed even if the regenerated chloroauric(III) acid contains other metal impurities. Therefore, high purity assurance is not required for the regenerated chloroauric(III) acid.
- the purity of the gold (III) chloride acid is preferably 90% or higher, more preferably 95% or higher. In the process of reclaiming gold, it is possible to reduce the cost of raw materials by omitting the steps related to assurance of purity.
- the purity of silver (I) nitrate is preferably 90% or higher, more preferably 95% or higher. In the process of regenerating silver, it is possible to reduce raw material costs by omitting the steps related to guaranteeing purity.
- Silver nitrate (I) can be recovered from the waste according to a known method. For example, if nitric acid is added to a silver-containing waste solution to acidify it, and a precipitate is separated and a dichromate is added to the filtrate, a precipitate of silver dichromate is formed. Silver nitrate (I) can be recovered by dissolving the precipitate of silver dichromate in hot dilute nitric acid and then treating it with an NO 3 -type anion exchange resin.
- reducing agents include alcohols having a primary hydroxyl group such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and ethylene glycol; alcohols having a secondary hydroxyl group such as 2-propanol and 2-butanol; primary hydroxyl groups such as glycerin; Aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde; Sugars such as glucose, fructose, glyceraldehyde, lactose, arabinose, and maltose; Organic compounds such as citric acid, tannic acid, and ascorbic acid; acids and salts thereof; borohydrides and salts thereof; hydrazines such as hydrazine, alkyl hydrazine and hydrazine sulfate; Examples of anions that form salts of organic acids and borohydrides include ions of alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium, ions of alkaline earth
- organic acids or salts thereof can reduce the metal salts, adhere to the surfaces of the formed metal particles, and generate a repulsive force to the extent that the metal particles do not agglomerate or coalesce with each other.
- organic acids and salts thereof ascorbic acid and salts thereof, citric acid and salts thereof, and the like are preferable. Among them, ascorbate, citrate and the like are more preferable.
- reducing agents compounds such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, gelatin, starch, dextrin, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and ethylcellulose can be used. Similar to the organic acids and salts thereof, these compounds also reduce the metal salt and adhere to the surface of the formed metal particles to generate a repulsive force to the extent that the metal particles do not aggregate or coalesce. can be made
- the amount of the reducing agent to be used may be appropriately set according to the type of metal, the concentration of the metal salt, the size (particle diameter) of the metal particles to be formed, the temperature and stirring force when adding the reducing agent, and the like. .
- the metal salt is preferably reduced under heating conditions, and more preferably, the metal salt is reduced while refluxing the aqueous medium.
- the temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the temperature of the oil bath for heating the reaction vessel.
- metal particles that are not coated with a treating agent show a zeta potential value that corresponds to the type of reducing agent.
- citric acid is used as a reducing agent to form gold particles.
- the zeta potential of gold particles to which citric acid is attached is about -40 mV.
- a reducing agent such as citric acid has a weak adhesion to metal particles, a conductive composition in which metal particles are continuously and stably dispersed cannot be obtained.
- the metal particles formed in the first step are brought into contact with a treating agent.
- the metal particles and the treatment agent may be mixed in an aqueous medium.
- the intended conductive composition can be obtained.
- the amount of the treating agent is desired to cover the surfaces of all the metal particles uniformly (when an excessive amount is not desired)
- the approximate amount can be determined according to the following method.
- the surface area per metal particle can be calculated. Therefore, if the area occupied by one molecule of the treatment agent can be roughly calculated, the number of molecules required to cover the surface of one metal particle can be calculated.
- the occupied area may be an approximate value obtained by calculating the cross-sectional area assuming that the diameter of the atom is 1.5 ⁇ and multiplying it by the number of atoms of the treatment agent.
- the saturated adsorption amount that coats the metal particles may be roughly estimated and used as a guideline for the amount to be added. Specifically, the amount of adsorption is plotted against the amount of treatment agent added. If the obtained plot (adsorption isotherm) is a curve that conforms to the Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm, the adsorption amount does not increase even if the addition amount is increased, and there is a saturated region. The amount can be regarded as the saturated adsorption amount. In the second step, it is preferable to bring the metal particles into contact with the treatment agent while heating to 20°C or higher and 50°C or lower.
- Residues of the reducing agent used in the first step may adhere to the surface of the metal particles as impurities. By heating to 20° C. or more and 50° C. or less, it is considered that the replacement with a processing agent having a stronger interaction proceeds while removing impurities.
- the conductive image recording method of the present invention has a step of applying the conductive composition described above to a substrate.
- a desired conductive image can be obtained by applying the conductive composition to the substrate.
- methods for applying the conductive composition to the substrate include an inkjet method, a flexographic method, and a spin coating method. Among them, it is preferable to apply the conductive composition to the substrate by an inkjet method.
- the inkjet method is a method of ejecting a conductive composition from an inkjet type ejection head and applying it to a substrate such as a recording medium.
- Methods of ejecting the conductive composition from the ejection head include a method of applying mechanical energy to the conductive composition and a method of applying thermal energy to the conductive composition.
- the method of applying the conductive composition to the substrate by the inkjet method may be a known method.
- the content (% by mass) of the metal particles in the conductive composition is preferably 5.0% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less based on the total mass of the composition. If the content of the metal particles in the conductive composition is less than 5.0% by mass, the amount of the conductive composition required to form a film-like conductive image may become too large. On the other hand, if the content of the metal particles in the conductive composition exceeds 20.0% by mass, the ejection openings of the ejection head may become easily clogged.
- the surface tension of the conductive composition at 25° C. is preferably 10 mN/m or more and 60 mN/m or less, more preferably 20 mN/m or more and 60 mN/m or less, and 30 mN/m or more and 50 mN/m or less. It is particularly preferred to have The viscosity of the conductive composition at 25° C. is preferably from 1.0 mPa ⁇ s to 10 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably from 1.0 mPa ⁇ s to 5 mPa ⁇ s.
- the pH of the conductive composition at 25°C is preferably 5.0 or more and 9.0 or less.
- the method for recording a conductive image may further include a step of drying the conductive composition applied to the substrate.
- a step of drying the conductive composition applied to the substrate By using the conductive composition described above, it is possible to form a conductive image having excellent conductivity simply by drying at a low temperature such as room temperature (25° C.) without drying at a high temperature of 100° C. or higher. can be done.
- the conductive composition applied to the substrate may be dried by blowing air, heating, or the like, but may be dried without using these methods, that is, dried naturally.
- the temperature for drying the conductive composition applied to the substrate is preferably 20° C. or higher and 120° C. or lower, more preferably 20° C. or higher and 50° C. or lower. If the drying temperature is less than 20°C, the time required for drying may become longer.
- the drying time tends to increase the conductivity of the recorded conductive image.
- the drying temperature can be raised to the heat-resistant temperature.
- the step of heating or sintering, or the step of curing by irradiation with active energy rays or the like may not be carried out after applying the conductive composition to the substrate.
- the conductive image of the present invention is a conductive image having a substrate and a conductive layer formed on the substrate, the conductive layer having at least a portion of the particle surface coated with the above-described treating agent. It contains metal particles.
- the conductive image of the present invention is a conductive image recorded on a substrate and formed by the conductive composition described above.
- the base material may be any material as long as it can form a conductive image by drying the applied conductive composition. Since the electrically conductive composition exhibits electrical conductivity even when dried at a low temperature, a substrate having a low heat resistance temperature can be used. Glass, paper, resin materials, ceramics, silicon, and the like are preferably used as the base material.
- resin materials include synthetic resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and polyethylene glycol; hydroxyester), polycarbonate, poly(iminocarbonate), polyphosphazene, poly( ⁇ -hydroxyester), polypeptide, gelatin, cellulose, chitosan, collagen, fibroin, etc., biocompatible synthetic or natural resins can be mentioned. It is preferable that the resin material is in the form of a sheet.
- Biocompatible materials include polyhydroxybutyric acid, polycyanoacrylates, polyanhydrides, polyketones, poly(orthoesters), poly- ⁇ -caprolactones, polyacetals, poly( ⁇ -hydroxyesters), polycarbonates, poly(iminocarbonates) , polyphosphazene, poly( ⁇ -hydroxyester), polypeptide, gelatin, cellulose, chitosan, collagen, and fibroin.
- a biocompatible material made of at least one natural polymer selected from the group consisting of gelatin, cellulose, chitosan, collagen, and fibroin is preferred.
- the toluene layer was concentrated by a rotary evaporator, and the resulting component was purified by column chromatography to obtain 0.9 g of ethyl (2,2-dimethylhydrazinyl)benzoate.
- An aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added and the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 3 hours.
- a recovered metal salt was prepared.
- the gold-plated base material was cut out and crushed to a size of about 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm to obtain crushed pieces in order to facilitate chemical treatment.
- the obtained crushed pieces were immersed in 10% dilute nitric acid for 2 hours to dissolve copper and nickel to float the gold-plated foil from the base material.
- the dilute nitric acid had a bluish green color due to dissolution of copper and nickel.
- Dilute nitric acid was added to the gold-plated foil on the filter paper to wash away copper and nickel remaining on the surface of the gold-plated foil.
- the obtained gold-plated foil was transferred to another container together with the filter paper, and an aqua regia solution in which 35% hydrochloric acid and 60% nitric acid were mixed at a ratio of 3:1 (volume ratio) was dropped little by little to dissolve the gold.
- an aqua regia solution in which 35% hydrochloric acid and 60% nitric acid were mixed at a ratio of 3:1 (volume ratio) was dropped little by little to dissolve the gold.
- the filter paper was taken out, and the resulting gold-aqua regia solution was filtered to remove the debris of the substrate.
- the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure while being heated, and nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and water were removed in this order to obtain chloroauric (III) acid tetrahydrate.
- a conductive composition (dispersion) was produced by the method shown below.
- the average particle size (volume-based cumulative 50% particle size, D50) of the metal particles in the produced conductive composition was measured with a small-angle X-ray scattering device (trade name “Nano-Viewer”, manufactured by Rigaku).
- the measurement conditions at this time were a wavelength ( ⁇ ) of 0.154 nm and an incident angle of 1.7°.
- the zeta potential of the metal particles in the conductive composition was measured with a zeta potentiometer (trade name “Zetasizer Nano”, manufactured by Malvern).
- the produced conductive composition was centrifuged to remove the supernatant to obtain a wet cake, and then diluted with ultrapure water to a concentration suitable for measurement. It was used as a measurement target.
- the zeta potential of gold particles and silver particles produced by reducing gold (III) chloride tetrahydrate and silver (I) nitrate (both manufactured by Kishida Chemical) with trisodium citrate dihydrate is , were 1 mV and 0 mV, respectively.
- Chloroauric (III) acid tetrahydrate (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) in the amount shown in Tables 8 to 14 and 1,300 mL of ultrapure water are heated and refluxed, and the amount shown in Tables 8 to 14.
- Citric acid 3 Sodium dihydrate was added, the internal temperature was kept at 100° C., and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours.
- gold (III) chloride acid tetrahydrate is indicated as "auric (III) chloride acid”
- trisodium citrate dihydrate is indicated as "citric acid”.
- Silver nitrate (I) (manufactured by Kishida Chemical) in the amount shown in Tables 8 to 14 and trisodium citrate dihydrate in the amount shown in Tables 8 to 14 are dissolved in 1,000 mL of ultrapure water, ice An aqueous solution was obtained by stirring for 30 minutes while cooling. A solution of 33 mg of sodium borohydride dissolved in 1 g of ion-exchanged water was added to the resulting aqueous solution, and the mixture was stirred under ice cooling for 30 minutes to obtain a brown transparent dispersion.
- the pH of the liquid is adjusted to 3 using 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and the type of treatment agent shown in Tables 8 to 14 is added while stirring. 3 mmol was added. Furthermore, it stirred for 30 minutes at 25 degreeC, and each electroconductive composition was obtained.
- a conductive composition D1 was produced by the method shown below (comparative example).
- Conductive composition D1 was obtained in the same manner as in the production of.
- the average particle size of the metal particles in the obtained conductive composition D1 was 20 nm, and the zeta potential of the metal particles was 39 mV.
- 4,5-bis[(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)thio]phthalonitrile uses 4,5-dichlorophthalonitrile (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a raw material, and is known as described in the following literature. Synthesized according to the method of Details of the conductive composition D1 are shown in Table 15. ⁇ Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2015, Vol. 58, No. 4, p. 1736-1749
- a conductive composition D2 was produced by the method shown below (comparative example). 1 g of gold (III) chloride acid tetrahydrate (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 1,300 mL of ultrapure water were heated to reflux, 1.75 g of trisodium citrate dihydrate was added, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. . After cooling to 25°C, a conductive composition D2 was obtained. The average particle size of the metal particles in the obtained conductive composition D2 was 20 nm, and the zeta potential of the metal particles was -38 mV. Details of the conductive composition D2 are shown in Table 15.
- Conductive composition D3 was produced by the method shown below (comparative example).
- Conductive composition D3 having the following composition was obtained according to the preparation method of "dispersion paste 4" described in "Example 4" of Patent Document 4.
- the zeta potential of the metal particles in the obtained conductive composition D3 was 28 mV. Details of the conductive composition D3 are shown in Table 15. ⁇ Copper fine particles: 20 parts ⁇ Copolyester: 0.875 parts ⁇ n-Butyl carbitol acetate: 1.625 parts ⁇ 4-(Diethylamino)benzaldehyde-1,1-diphenylhydrazone: 1 part ⁇ Ethyl carbitol acetate: 4 copies
- conductive composition a water-based ink (conductive composition) containing an aqueous medium and a surfactant was produced by the method shown below.
- the average particle size of the metal particles in the obtained ink was within the range of ⁇ 1 nm of the average particle size of the metal particles in the conductive composition (dispersion) used as the raw material. From this, it was found that the metal particles were stably dispersed in the conductive composition (dispersion) and ink.
- Concentrate of conductive composition (type shown on the left side of Tables 16 to 23): 10.0 parts Water-soluble organic solvent (type shown on the left side of Tables 16 to 23): 20.0 parts Surfactant: 0.1 parts Ultrapure water: 69.9 parts
- ⁇ PET Product name “Panaclea ACX” manufactured by Panac ⁇ Glossy paper: Product name “Glossy Paper Standard SD-201” manufactured by Canon ⁇ Glass: Product name “Cover Glass NEO” manufactured by Matsunami Glass Industry ⁇ Gelatin sheet: Fujifilm A 0.1% gelatin solution manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. was applied to the PET using a bar coater and dried Fibroin sheet: A 5% fibroin aqueous solution manufactured by Millipore Sigma was applied to the PET using a bar coater. coated and dried
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Abstract
Description
前記処理剤が、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物、下記一般式(4)で表される化合物、下記一般式(5)で表される化合物、下記一般式(6)で表される化合物、及び下記一般式(7)で表される化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする導電性組成物が提供される。
本発明の導電性組成物は、金属粒子、及び金属粒子を被覆するための処理剤を含有する。以下、導電性組成物を構成する各成分について、それぞれ説明する。
導電性組成物は金属粒子を含有する。金属粒子は、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金、銅、銀、及び金からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属で形成されていることが好ましい。なかでも、金属粒子を形成する金属としては、白金、銅、銀、金が好ましく、銀、金が特に好ましい。
導電性組成物は、金属粒子を被覆するための処理剤として、下記一般式(1)~(7)で表される化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する。処理剤は、無色の化合物(360~830nmの波長領域に吸収極大を有しない化合物)であることが好ましい。すなわち、処理剤は、いわゆる「色材」ではない。処理剤の分子量は、1,000以下であることが好ましく、600以下であることがさらに好ましく、500以下であることが特に好ましく、また、100以上であることが好ましい。処理剤の分子量は、アニオン性基は酸型、カチオン性基は塩基型、とした構造についてのものである。
(i)複素芳香族基
(ii)ヒドロキシ基、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、3級アルキルアミノ基、及び複素芳香族基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の親水性官能基が結合した芳香族基
(iii)ヒドロキシ基、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、3級アルキルアミノ基、及び複素芳香族基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の親水性官能基が、ヘテロ原子、アミド結合、又はエステル結合を含んでいてもよい脂肪族基を介して結合した芳香族基
(i)ヒドロキシ基、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、3級アルキルアミノ基、及び複素芳香族基からなる群より選択されるいずれかの親水性官能基
(ii)ヒドロキシ基、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、3級アルキルアミノ基、及び複素芳香族基からなる群より選択されるいずれかの親水性官能基が結合した、ヘテロ原子、アミド結合、又はエステル結合を含んでいてもよい脂肪族基
導電性組成物は、さらに、液媒体を含有してもよい。液媒体としては、非水性媒体及び水性媒体のいずれも用いることができる。非水性媒体としては、ヘプタン、石油エーテルなどの有機溶剤で構成される液媒体を挙げることができる。非水性媒体は水を含有しない。水性媒体は、水を含み、さらに各種の有機溶剤を含んでもよい。導電性組成物は、さらに、水性媒体を含有することが好ましい。
導電性組成物は、必要に応じて、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールエタンなどの多価アルコール類;尿素、エチレン尿素などの尿素誘導体;などの、水溶性有機化合物をさらに含有してもよい。また、導電性組成物は、必要に応じて、界面活性剤、pH調整剤、防錆剤、防腐剤、防黴剤、酸化防止剤、還元防止剤、蒸発促進剤、キレート化剤、及び樹脂などの種々の添加剤をさらに含有してもよい。
次に、上述の導電性組成物を製造する方法について説明する。本発明の導電性組成物の製造方法は、水性媒体中で金属塩を還元して金属粒子を形成する第1工程と、形成した金属粒子と、処理剤とを接触させる第2工程と、を有する。
第1工程では、水性媒体中で金属塩を還元して金属粒子を形成する。水性媒体としては、導電性組成物に含有させうる前述の水性媒体を用いることができる。金属塩としては、金属イオンと無機アニオン種で構成される金属塩、金属イオンと有機アニオン種で構成される金属塩、及び金属イオンと無機有機アニオン種で構成される金属塩を挙げることができる。金属イオンとしては、金属粒子を形成しうる、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金、銅、銀、及び金などの金属のイオンを用いることができる。無機アニオン種としては、酸化物、ハロゲン、炭酸、硝酸などのアニオンを挙げることができる。有機アニオン種としては、ギ酸、酢酸などのカルボン酸のアニオンを挙げることができる。
第2工程では、第1工程で形成した金属粒子と、処理剤とを接触させる。具体的には、金属粒子と、処理剤とを、水性媒体中で混合すればよい。これにより、目的とする導電性組成物を得ることができる。処理剤の量を、すべての金属粒子の表面を一様に覆う程度の量としたい場合(過剰な量にしたくない場合)には、以下の方法にしたがっておおよその量を把握することができる。
次に、導電性画像を記録する方法について説明する。本発明の導電性画像の記録方法は、上述の導電性組成物を基材に付与する工程を有する。導電性組成物を基材に付与することで、所望とする導電性画像を得ることができる。導電性組成物を基材に付与する方法としては、インクジェット法、フレキソ法、スピンコーティング法などを挙げることができる。なかでも、インクジェット法によって導電性組成物を基材に付与することが好ましい。インクジェット法は、導電性組成物をインクジェット方式の吐出ヘッドから吐出して記録媒体などの基材に付与する方法である。導電性組成物を吐出ヘッドから吐出する方式としては、導電性組成物に力学的エネルギーを付与する方式や、導電性組成物に熱エネルギーを付与する方式などがある。上述の導電性組成物を用いること以外、インクジェット法によって導電性組成物を基材に付与する方法は公知の方法とすればよい。
本発明の導電性画像は、基材と、基材に形成された導電層と、を有する導電性画像であり、導電層が、上述の処理剤によってその粒子表面の少なくとも一部が被覆された金属粒子を含有するものである。好適には、本発明の導電性画像は、基材に記録される導電性画像であり、上述の導電性組成物によって形成された画像である。
基材は、付与された導電性組成物を乾燥などさせて導電性画像を形成しうるものであればよい。導電性組成物は低温での乾燥でも導電性を発現するため、耐熱温度の低い基材を用いることもできる。基材としては、ガラス、紙、樹脂材料、セラミックス、及びシリコンなどを用いることが好ましい。
処理剤のうち、試薬として市販されていないものは、以下の文献に記載された公知の方法にしたがって合成した。また、合成例を記載したもの以外の処理剤は、対応する構造を有する出発物質に変更すること以外は同様にして合成した。合成した化合物の構造は、液体クロマトグラフィー/マススペクトロメトリー(LC/MS)(商品名「LC/MSD TOF」、Agilent Technologies製))により分析して同定した。イオン化法としては、エレクトロスプレーイオン化法(ESI)を用いた。
・Journal of the American Chemical Society,2007年,第129巻,34号,p.10320-10321
・Tetrahedron Letters,2007年,第48巻,48号,p.8409-8412
・Nature Chemistry,2017年,第9巻,3号,p.234-243
1,1-ジメチルヒドラジン0.94g、Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(富士フイルム和光純薬製)220mg、P(t-Bu)3・HBF4(東京化成工業製)140mg、及び炭酸セシウム8.1gをトルエン100mLに添加して懸濁液を得た。アルゴン雰囲気下、4-ブロモ安息香酸エチル2.4gを懸濁液に添加し、100℃で12時間加熱還流した。室温まで冷却した後、水を加え、トルエンで抽出した。トルエン層をロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮し、得られた成分をカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製して、(2,2-ジメチルヒドラジニル)安息香酸エチル0.9gを得た。水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えて25℃で3時間撹拌した。塩酸を加えて生成した固体をろ取し、例示化合物1-1 0.8gを得た(m/z=180.1、収率37%)。
4-ヒドラジノ安息香酸1.5gのエタノール20mL溶液にアセトアルデヒド0.6gを加え、70℃で5時間撹拌した。25℃まで冷却した後、ロータリーエバポレーターを使用して液体を除去し、例示化合物2-2 1.4gを得た(m/z=178.1、収率80%)。
4-ニトロ安息香酸0.5mmol、4-アミノ安息香酸5mmol、水酸化カリウム5mmol、メタノール6mL、及び水7mLを耐圧性のガラス瓶に入れ、アルミニウムクリンキャップで封じた。100℃のオイルバス中で24時間加熱撹拌した後、25℃まで冷却した。エバポレーターを使用して溶剤を除去し、冷メタノールで抽出した後、ろ過して固体を得た。得られた固体をジクロロメタンに溶解し、濃塩酸20mL及び無水酢酸20mLを加えて25℃で24時間撹拌した。水100mL及びジクロロメタン50mLを入れ、有機層を抽出して抽出物を得た。得られた抽出物をシリカゲルのカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製し、例示化合物3-1を得た(m/z=270.1、収率37%)。
4-アミノ安息香酸0.18mol、濃塩酸5g、及びメタノール150mLを300mLナスフラスコに入れ、氷浴中で撹拌しながら0℃まで冷却した。精製水25mLに溶解させた亜硝酸ナトリウム0.2molを、容器内の温度を5℃以下に抑えながらゆっくりと滴下して撹拌し、ジアゾニウム塩を含むベージュ色の懸濁液を得た。4-アミノ安息香酸0.2mol、酢酸ナトリウム0.6mol、及びメタノール300mLを1Lナスフラスコに入れ、氷浴中で撹拌しながら0℃まで冷却して懸濁液を調製した。調製した懸濁液に、先に調製したジアゾニウム塩を含む懸濁液をゆっくりと添加し、25℃で15時間撹拌した。反応物を吸引ろ過し、水500g及びメタノール100gで固形分を洗浄した後、真空乾燥して例示化合物4-1を得た(m/z=285.1、収率56%)。
4-アミノ安息香酸0.18mol、濃塩酸5g、及びメタノール150mLを300mLナスフラスコに入れ、氷浴中で撹拌しながら0℃まで冷却した。精製水25mLに溶解させた亜硝酸ナトリウム0.2molを、容器内の温度を5℃以下に抑えながらゆっくりと滴下して撹拌し、ジアゾニウム塩を含むベージュ色の懸濁液を得た。4-アミノピリジン0.2mol、酢酸ナトリウム0.6mol、及びメタノール300mLを1Lナスフラスコに入れ、氷浴中で撹拌しながら0℃まで冷却して懸濁液を調製した。調製した懸濁液に、先に調製したジアゾニウム塩を含む懸濁液をゆっくりと添加し、25℃で15時間撹拌した。反応物を吸引ろ過し、水500g及びメタノール100gで固形分を洗浄した後、真空乾燥して例示化合物4-11を得た(m/z=94.1、収率38%)。
アルゴン雰囲気下、4-シアノベンゾイルクロライド1.0gのクロロホルム20mL溶液に、N,N-ジメチルエチレンジアミン0.8gを添加し、25℃で5時間撹拌して反応させた。ロータリーエバポレーターを使用して濃縮し、得られた成分をカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製して、例示化合物5-27 1.3gを得た(m/z=217.1、収率99%)。
窒素ラインを備えた300mLのナスフラスコに、無水テトラヒドロフラン50mL、ジメチルアミノエタンチオール9.3mmol、及び水素化ナトリウム10mmolを入れ、氷浴中で0℃に維持しながら撹拌した。2-ブロモフェナントロリン8.4mmolを無水テトラヒドロフラン10mLに溶解させた溶液を滴下し、ゆっくりと25℃まで昇温させて72時間撹拌した。エバポレーターを使用して溶剤を除去し、冷メタノールで抽出した後、ろ過して固体を得た。得られた固体をジクロロメタンに溶解し、シリカゲルのカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製して、例示化合物7-12を得た(m/z=283.1、収率24%)。
窒素ラインを備えた300mLのナスフラスコに、無水テトラヒドロフラン50mL、ジメチルアミノエタンチオール9.3mmol、及び水素化ナトリウム10mmolを投入れ、氷浴中で0℃に維持しながら撹拌した。2,9-ジブロモフェナントロリン4.2mmolを無水テトラヒドロフラン100mLに溶解させた溶液を滴下し、ゆっくりと25℃まで昇温させて72時間撹拌した。エバポレーターを使用して溶剤を除去し、冷メタノールで抽出した後、ろ過して固体を得た。得られた固体をジクロロメタンに溶解し、シリカゲルのカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製して、例示化合物7-15を得た(m/z=386.2、収率15%)。
基板から回収した金を原料として、回収金属塩を調製した。金メッキのついた基材を切り取り、化学処理しやすくするために5mm×5mm程度の大きさに破砕して破砕片を得た。得られた破砕片を10%希硝酸に2時間浸漬し、銅とニッケルを溶解して金メッキ箔を基材から浮かせた後、ろ紙を敷いたろ過機に希硝酸を通じて、金メッキ箔を分離した。希硝酸は、銅とニッケルが溶解した青緑色を呈していた。ろ紙上の金メッキ箔に希硝酸を加え、金メッキ箔表面に残った銅やニッケルを洗い流した。得られた金メッキ箔をろ紙ごと別の容器に移し、35%塩酸及び60%硝酸を3:1(体積比)で混合した王水溶液を少しずつ滴下して金を溶解させた。金が溶解した時点でろ紙を取り出し、得られた金-王水溶液をろ過して基材の破片を除去した。耐酸性のロータリーエバポレーターを使用してろ液を加温しながら減圧蒸留し、硝酸、塩酸、水の順に除去して、塩化金(III)酸・4水和物を得た。
以下に示す方法により導電性組成物(分散液)を製造した。製造した導電性組成物中の金属粒子の平均粒子径(体積基準の累積50%粒子径、D50)は、小角X線散乱装置(商品名「Nano-Viewer」、リガク製)により測定した。この際の測定条件は、波長(λ):0.154nm、入射角:1.7°とした。また、導電性組成物中の金属粒子のゼータ電位は、ゼータ電位計(商品名「ゼータサイザーナノ」、マルバーン製)により測定した。この際、製造した導電性組成物について、遠心分離処理を行って上澄みを除去することでウェットケーキを得た後、測定に適した濃度となるように超純水で希釈して調製した試料を測定対象とした。なお、塩化金(III)・4水和物及び硝酸銀(I)(いずれもキシダ化学製)を、クエン酸三ナトリウム・2水和物により還元して生成した金粒子及び銀粒子のゼータ電位は、それぞれ1mV及び0mVであった。
表8~14に示す使用量の塩化金(III)酸・4水和物(キシダ化学製)、及び超純水1,300mLを加熱還流し、表8~14に示す使用量のクエン酸3ナトリウム・2水和物を添加して、内温を100℃に保ち、2時間撹拌した。表中、塩化金(III)酸・4水和物を「塩化金(III)酸」、クエン酸三ナトリウム・2水和物を「クエン酸」と表記した。25℃まで冷却した後、必要に応じて、0.1mol/Lの塩酸を用いて液体のpHを5に調整し、表8~14に示す種類の処理剤3mmolを添加して15時間撹拌し、各導電性組成物を得た。表8~14中、金属粒子の欄に「Au(回収)」と示したものは、上述の「回収金属塩の調製」で得た塩化金(III)・4水和物を用いた。
表8~14に示す使用量の硝酸銀(I)(キシダ化学製)、及び表8~14に示す使用量のクエン酸三ナトリウム・2水和物を超純水1,000mLに溶解し、氷冷しながら30分間撹拌して水溶液を得た。得られた水溶液に、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム33mgをイオン交換水1gに溶解した溶液を添加し、さらに30分間氷冷撹拌して、褐色透明の分散液を得た。得られた分散液を25℃まで冷却した後、必要に応じて、0.1mol/Lの塩酸を用いて液体のpHを3に調整し、撹拌しながら表8~14に示す種類の処理剤3mmolを添加した。さらに25℃で30分間撹拌して、各導電性組成物を得た。
以下に示す方法により、導電性組成物D1を製造した(比較例)。処理剤として4,5-ビス[(2-N,N-ジメチルアミノエチル)チオ]フタロニトリル(フタロシアニン誘導体)を用いたこと以外は、前述の金粒子を用いた導電性組成物(分散液)の製造と同様にして、導電性組成物D1を得た。得られた導電性組成物D1中の金属粒子の平均粒子径は20nm、金属粒子のゼータ電位は39mVであった。4,5-ビス[(2-N,N-ジメチルアミノエチル)チオ]フタロニトリルは、4,5-ジクロロフタロニトリル(東京化成工業製)を原料として使用し、以下の文献に記載された公知の方法にしたがって合成した。導電性組成物D1の詳細を表15に示す。
・Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2015年,第58巻,4号,p.1736-1749
以下に示す方法により、導電性組成物D2を製造した(比較例)。塩化金(III)酸・4水和物(キシダ化学製)1g、及び超純水1,300mLを加熱還流し、クエン酸三ナトリウム・2水和物1.75gを添加して2時間撹拌した。25℃まで冷却して、導電性組成物D2を得た。得られた導電性組成物D2中の金属粒子の平均粒子径は20nm、金属粒子のゼータ電位は-38mVであった。導電性組成物D2の詳細を表15に示す。
以下に示す方法により、導電性組成物D3を製造した(比較例)。特許文献4中、「実施例4」に記載された「分散ペースト4」の調製方法に準じて、以下に示す組成の導電性組成物D3を得た。得られた導電性組成物D3中の金属粒子のゼータ電位は28mVであった。導電性組成物D3の詳細を表15に示す。
・銅微粒子:20部
・共重合ポリエステル:0.875部
・n-ブチルカルビトールアセテート:1.625部
・4-(ジエチルアミノ)ベンズアルデヒド-1,1-ジフェニルヒドラゾン:1部
・エチルカルビトールアセテート:4部
上記で調製した各導電性組成物(分散液)を用い、以下に示す方法により、水性媒体及び界面活性剤を含有する水性のインク(導電性組成物)を製造した。得られたインク中の金属粒子の平均粒子径は、いずれも、原料として用いた導電性組成物(分散液)中の金属粒子の平均粒子径±1nmの範囲内であった。このことから、金属粒子は導電性組成物(分散液)及びインク中で安定して分散していることがわかった。
・導電性組成物(表16~23の左側に示す種類)の濃縮物:10.0部
・水溶性有機溶剤(表16~23の左側に示す種類):20.0部
・界面活性剤:0.1部
・超純水:69.9部
インク(導電性組成物)をインクカートリッジに充填し、表16~23の中央に示す吐出方式の記録ヘッドを搭載するインクジェット記録装置にセットした。本実施例においては、1/600インチ×1/600インチの単位領域に、1滴当たり2.5pLのインク滴を8滴付与して記録したベタ画像の記録デューティを「100%」と定義する。このインクジェット記録装置を使用し、温度25℃、相対湿度50%の環境下、表16~23の中央に示す基材に記録デューティが100%である、2mm×3cmのベタ画像を記録して記録物を得た。得られた記録物を表16~23の中央に示す乾燥温度及び乾燥時間の条件で乾燥させて、各導電性画像を得た。
・サーマル:熱エネルギーの作用により記録ヘッドからインクを吐出する方式、インクジェット記録装置(商品名「PIXUS iP7230」、キヤノン製)
・ピエゾ:力学的エネルギーの作用により記録ヘッドからインクを吐出する方式、インクジェット記録装置(商品名「LaboJet-500」、MicroJet製)
・PET:商品名「パナクレアACX」、パナック製
・光沢紙:商品名「光沢紙スタンダードSD-201」、キヤノン製
・ガラス:商品名「カバーガラスNEO」、松浪硝子工業製
・ゼラチンシート:富士フイルム和光純薬製の0.1%ゼラチン溶液を、バーコーターを用いて上記PETに塗布して乾燥させたもの
・フィブロインシート:ミリポアシグマ製の5%フィブロイン水溶液を、バーコーターを用いて上記PETに塗布して乾燥させたもの
触針式膜厚計(Tencor製)を使用して得られた導電性画像の膜厚を測定した。測定した膜厚から導電性画像の断面積を算出し、4端針法によって体積抵抗率を測定及び算出した。測定及び算出した体積抵抗率を表16~23の右側に示す。また、以下に示す評価基準にしたがって導電性画像の導電性を評価した。以下に示す評価基準において、「A」を許容できる範囲とし、「B」を許容できない範囲とした。結果を表16~23の右側に示す。
A:体積抵抗率が1×10-4Ω・cm以下であった。
B:体積抵抗率が1×10-4Ω・cmを超えていたか、導電性を示さなかった。
Claims (19)
- 金属粒子、及び前記金属粒子を被覆するための処理剤を含有する導電性組成物であって、
前記処理剤が、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物、下記一般式(4)で表される化合物、下記一般式(5)で表される化合物、下記一般式(6)で表される化合物、及び下記一般式(7)で表される化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする導電性組成物。
- 前記一般式(1)中の前記親水性基、前記一般式(2)中の前記親水性基、前記一般式(3)中の前記親水性基、前記一般式(4)中の前記親水性基、及び前記一般式(5)中の前記親水性基が、それぞれ独立に、(ii)前記親水性官能基が結合したフェニル基;又は(iii)前記親水性官能基が、ヘテロ原子、アミド結合、若しくはエステル結合を含んでいてもよい脂肪族基を介して結合したフェニル基;である請求項1に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記親水性基が、カルボン酸基及びスルホン酸基の少なくとも一方が結合したフェニル基である請求項2に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記フェニル基に結合したカルボン酸基及びスルホン酸基の合計数が、2又は3である請求項3に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記一般式(1)中の前記親水性基及び前記一般式(2)中の前記親水性基が、それぞれ独立に、(i)ピリダジル基、ピラジル基、ピリミジル基、及びトリアジル基からなる群より選択されるいずれかの複素芳香族基である請求項1に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記金属粒子が、銀、及び金からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属で形成されている請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記金属粒子の体積基準の累積50%粒子径が、5nm以上100nm以下である請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の導電性組成物。
- さらに、水性媒体を含有する請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の導電性組成物。
- 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の導電性組成物の製造方法であって、
水性媒体中で金属塩を還元して前記金属粒子を形成する第1工程と、
形成した前記金属粒子と、前記処理剤を接触させる第2工程と、を有することを特徴とする導電性組成物の製造方法。 - 前記金属塩として、金属廃液から回収された回収金属塩を用いる請求項10に記載の導電性組成物の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の導電性組成物を基材に付与する工程を有することを特徴とする導電性画像の記録方法。
- 前記導電性組成物をインクジェット法により前記基材に付与する請求項12に記載の導電性画像の記録方法。
- さらに、前記基材に付与した前記導電性組成物を20℃以上50℃以下の温度で乾燥させる工程を有する請求項12又は13に記載の導電性画像の記録方法。
- 基材と、前記基材に形成された導電層と、を有する導電性画像であって、
前記導電層が、金属粒子、及び前記金属粒子を被覆するための処理剤を含有し、
前記処理剤が、前記処理剤が、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物、下記一般式(4)で表される化合物、下記一般式(5)で表される化合物、下記一般式(6)で表される化合物、及び下記一般式(7)で表される化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする導電性画像。
- 基材に記録される導電性画像であって、
請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の導電性組成物で形成されたことを特徴とする導電性画像。 - 前記基材が、ガラス、紙、又は樹脂材料である請求項16に記載の導電性画像。
- 前記樹脂材料が、生体適合性材料である請求項17に記載の導電性画像。
- 前記生体適合性材料が、ゼラチン、セルロース、キトサン、コラーゲン、及びフィブロインからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項18に記載の導電性画像。
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