WO2023279924A1

WO2023279924A1 - Transmission method and apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2023279924A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/098722
Authority: WO
Inventors: 于晓璞; 吴艺群; 张云昊
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2021-07-09
Filing date: 2022-06-14
Publication date: 2023-01-12
Also published as: CN115603858A

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications, and discloses a transmission method and apparatus, which are used to improve encoding gain while maintaining transmission having low processing complexity. The method comprises: according to a first length of an information bit sequence to be transmitted and a second length of an encoded sequence, a first device determines a first number of non-zero elements in the encoded sequence; according to a target decimal value corresponding to the information bit sequence, the second length and the first number, the first device determines that the first number of the non-zero elements are in a position vector in the encoded sequence when the target decimal value is represented; the first device generates a pulse sequence according to the position vector; and the first device sends the pulse sequence to a second device.

Description

A transmission method and device

Cross References to Related Applications

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with application number 202110776442.5 and application title "A Transmission Method and Device" submitted to the China Patent Office on July 09, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in this application.

technical field

The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a transmission method and device.

Background technique

With the continuous increase in the scale of the Internet of Things network and the continuous increase in the number of devices, the development of low-cost and low-power Internet of Things technologies is particularly important. For example, the rapid development of long-distance (long range, LoRa) wireless technology, low-power wide-area network (low-power wide-area network, LPWAN) narrowband Internet of Things (narrowband internet of things, NB-IoT) technology, etc. The demand of the Internet of Things for low-cost and low-power Internet of Things technology.

At present, in communication systems, in order to combat channel noise, channel coding is usually used to add certain redundancy to improve error correction performance. However, the introduction of channel coding will increase the processing complexity of the transceiver end. Classical channel coding methods such as polar codes, low-density parity-check (low-density parity-check, LDPC) codes, tail-biting convolutional codes (tail Biting convolution coding (TBCC) etc. have certain complexity requirements for coding and coding, and are not suitable for some IoT scenarios that require extremely low cost and low power consumption, such as passive-IoT scenarios. These scenarios with extremely low cost requirements generally adopt extremely simple coded modulation schemes, such as pulse interval encoding (pulse interval encoding, PIE), non return to zero (non return to zero, NRZ) encoding, pulse position modulation (pulse position modulation, PPM) ), etc., using the characteristics of pulse interval, position and change to transmit information, the design of the transceiver end is simple, the processing complexity is low, but the coding gain that can be obtained is small, and if it works under a high signal-to-noise ratio, multiple retransmissions are required data, there is a problem of performance disadvantages.

Contents of the invention

Embodiments of the present application provide a transmission method and device for improving coding gain while maintaining transmission with low processing complexity.

In the first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a transmission method, the method includes: the first device determines the number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence according to the first length of the information bit sequence to be transmitted and the second length of the coded sequence The first number: the first device determines, according to the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit sequence, the second length, and the first number, that the first number is non-zero when representing the target decimal value A position vector of an element in the encoding sequence; the first device generates a pulse sequence according to the position vector; the first device sends the pulse sequence to a second device. Optionally, the method further includes: the first device sending the first quantity to the second device.

In the embodiment of the present application, the concept of sparse time coding and modulation (STCM) is adopted for the information bit sequence, and the information bit sequence is mapped to a sparse code sequence, and the position vector of the non-zero element in the code sequence is used The information bit sequence is transmitted, and the check relationship is introduced in a larger bit range, which improves the coding gain. At the same time, the first device (transmitter) can use the Unranking algorithm to map the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit sequence to the position vector, and the second device (the receiver) can also use the Ranking algorithm to map the position The vector is mapped to the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit sequence, the calculation is simple and easy to implement, and the processing complexity is low.

In a possible design, the first device generating a pulse sequence according to the position vector includes: the first device performs pulse position modulation according to the position vector to determine a first pulse sequence; the first The device sending the pulse sequence to the second device includes: the first device sending the first pulse sequence to the second device. Optionally, the length of the first pulse sequence is equal to the second length of the coding sequence.

In the above design, the data can be transmitted by means of sparse time-domain coding modulation. For example, according to the position vector [4, 3], it can be determined that the first pulse sequence is 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0, which means the first pulse sequence The 3rd and 4th symbols (or pulse positions) have a pulse with an amplitude (or level) of 1 for transmitting data, instead of transmitting data through level changes, which can improve the reliability of transmission and bring more coding gain.

In a possible design, the first device generates a pulse sequence according to the position vector, including: the first device performs pulse interval modulation according to the position vector to determine a second pulse sequence; the first The device sending the pulse sequence to the second device includes: the first device sending the second pulse sequence to the second device.

In the above design, pulse interval modulation can be used to determine the pulse sequence carrying the position vector to meet different transmission requirements.

In a possible design, the first device generating a pulse sequence according to the position vector includes: the first device determining the code sequence according to the position vector; the first device determining the code sequence according to the Performing pulse interval modulation on the coding sequence to determine a third pulse sequence; sending the pulse sequence to the second device by the first device includes: sending the third pulse sequence to the second device by the first device.

In the above design, sparse time-domain coding modulation and pulse interval modulation can be cascaded to meet different transmission requirements.

In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a transmission method, the method includes: the first device groups the information bit sequences to be transmitted, and determines a plurality of information bit subsequences; Each information bit subsequence in the bit subsequence is determined to represent the target decimal value according to the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit subsequence, the second length of the coding sequence, and the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence , the position vectors of the first number of non-zero elements in the encoding sequence; the first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to the plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences; The first device sends the plurality of pulse sequences to the second device.

Compared with the implementation of packet transmission in the second aspect that does not use packet transmission in the first aspect, the parameters during transmission (such as the second length of the coded sequence and the first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence) are fixed, no need The first device then calculates the first number of non-zero elements, further reducing processing complexity. At the same time, during transmission, the first device does not need to indicate parameters (such as the second length of the code sequence and the first number of non-zero elements in the code sequence) to the second device, which saves signaling overhead and reduces processing complexity .

In a possible design, the first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to the plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences, including: the first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to the plurality of position vectors Perform pulse position modulation respectively to determine multiple first pulse sequences; sending the multiple pulse sequences to the second device by the first device includes: sending the multiple pulse sequences to the second device by the first device the first pulse sequence.

In a possible design, the first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to the plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences, including: the first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to the plurality of position vectors performing pulse interval modulation respectively to determine a plurality of second pulse sequences; sending the plurality of pulse sequences to the second device by the first device includes: sending the plurality of pulse sequences to the second device by the first device a second pulse train.

In a possible design, the first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to the plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences, including: the first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to the plurality of position vectors , to determine a plurality of coded sequences; the first device respectively performs pulse interval modulation according to the plurality of coded sequences to determine a plurality of third pulse sequences; the first device sends the plurality of pulses to the second device The sequence includes: the first device sending the plurality of third pulse sequences to the second device.

In the third aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a transmission method, the method includes: the second device receives the pulse sequence from the first device; the second device determines the position vector according to the pulse sequence; the second device According to the second length of the code sequence and the position vector, determine that the position of the non-zero element conforms to the target decimal value represented by the code sequence of the position vector; the second device determines the corresponding position according to the first length of the information bit sequence An information bit sequence describing the destination decimal value.

In a possible design, the second device receiving the pulse sequence from the first device includes: the second device receiving the first pulse sequence from the first device; the second device according to the The pulse sequence determining a position vector includes: the second device determining the position vector according to the position of an element whose value is greater than a first threshold in the first pulse sequence.

In a possible design, the second device receiving the pulse sequence from the first device includes: the second device receiving the first pulse sequence from the first device and the non-zero elements in the code sequence The first number of the first number; the second device determines the position vector according to the pulse sequence, including: the second device according to the median value of the first pulse sequence, where the elements of the first number are located from large to small position, determine the position vector.

In a possible design, the second device receiving the pulse sequence from the first device includes: the second device receiving the second pulse sequence from the first device; the second device according to the The pulse sequence, determining the position vector, includes: the second device performs pulse interval demodulation on the second pulse sequence to obtain the position vector carried by the second pulse sequence.

In a possible design, the second device receiving the pulse sequence from the first device includes: the second device receiving a third pulse sequence from the first device; the second device according to the The pulse sequence, determining the position vector, includes: the second device performs pulse interval demodulation on the third pulse sequence to obtain a coded sequence carried by the third pulse sequence; the second device according to the coded sequence, Determine the position vector.

In a fourth aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a transmission method, the method includes: the second device receives multiple pulse sequences from the first device; the second device determines multiple position vectors according to the multiple pulse sequences ; According to the second length of the coding sequence, the second device determines for each of the plurality of position vectors that the position of the non-zero element conforms to the target decimal value represented by the coding sequence of the position vector, and obtains a plurality of a target decimal value; the second device determines a plurality of information bit subsequences corresponding to the plurality of target decimal values; the second device determines an information bit sequence according to the plurality of information bit subsequences.

In a possible design, the second device receiving multiple pulse sequences from the first device includes: the second device receiving multiple first pulse sequences from the first device; the second The device determining a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences includes: the second device, for each first pulse sequence in the plurality of first pulse sequences, according to the median value of the first pulse sequence being greater than The positions of the elements of the first threshold determine position vectors to obtain the plurality of position vectors.

In a possible design, the second device receiving multiple pulse sequences from the first device includes: the second device receiving multiple first pulse sequences from the first device; the second The device determining a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences includes: the second device, for each first pulse sequence in the plurality of first pulse sequences, according to the median value of the first pulse sequence by Position vectors are determined from the positions of the first number of elements from large to small to obtain the plurality of position vectors, wherein the first number is the number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence.

In a possible design, the second device receiving multiple pulse sequences from the first device includes: the second device receiving multiple second pulse sequences from the first device; the second The device determines a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences, including: the second device respectively performs pulse interval demodulation on the plurality of second pulse sequences to obtain all the positions carried by the plurality of second pulse sequences. The multiple position vectors described above.

In a possible design, the second device receiving multiple pulse sequences from the first device includes: the second device receiving multiple third pulse sequences from the first device; the second The device determines multiple position vectors according to the multiple pulse sequences, including: the second device respectively performs pulse interval demodulation on the multiple third pulse sequences to obtain multiple code sequences; the second device determines the multiple position vectors according to the multiple code sequences.

In the fifth aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a transmission device, the device has a method to realize the above-mentioned first aspect or any one of the possible design methods of the first aspect, or realize the above-mentioned second aspect or any one of the second aspect The functions of the method in the possible designs may be realized by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions, such as a communication unit and a processing unit.

In one possible design, the device may be a chip or an integrated circuit.

In a possible design, the device includes a memory and a processor, and the memory is used to store a program executed by the processor. When the program is executed by the processor, the device can perform any of the above-mentioned first aspect or the first aspect. A method in a possible design, or a method in a possible design that implements the above second aspect or any of the second aspects.

In one possible design, the device may be the first device.

In the sixth aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a transmission device, which has a method in design to realize the above-mentioned third aspect or any possible design of the third aspect, or realize the above-mentioned fourth aspect or any of the fourth aspects The functions of the method in the possible designs may be realized by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions, such as a communication unit and a processing unit.

In one possible design, the device may be a chip or an integrated circuit.

In a possible design, the device includes a memory and a processor, and the memory is used to store a program executed by the processor. When the program is executed by the processor, the device can perform any of the third aspect or the third aspect. A possible design method, or implement the fourth aspect or any possible design method of the fourth aspect.

In one possible design, the means may be a second device.

In the seventh aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a transmission (or communication) system, the transmission system includes a first device and a second device, and the first device can implement any one of the above-mentioned first aspect or the first aspect A method in a possible design, the second device may execute the above-mentioned third aspect or the method in any possible design of the third aspect; or the first device may execute the above-mentioned second aspect or the method of the second aspect The method in any possible design, the second device may execute the fourth aspect or the method in any possible design of the fourth aspect.

In the eighth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed by the transmission device, the above-mentioned first aspect or the first aspect can be realized The method described in any possible design of the above-mentioned second aspect or the method described in any possible design of the second aspect, or realize any of the above-mentioned third aspect or the third aspect The method described in the possible designs, or the method described in the possible designs for realizing the fourth aspect or any of the fourth aspects.

In the ninth aspect, the embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, including computer programs or instructions, when the computer programs or instructions are executed by the transmission device, any possible design of the above-mentioned first aspect or the first aspect can be realized The method described in, or the method described in any possible design for realizing the second aspect or the second aspect above, or the method described in any possible design for realizing the third aspect or the third aspect method, or the method described in the fourth aspect or any possible design of the fourth aspect.

In the tenth aspect, the embodiment of the present application further provides a chip system, the chip system includes: a processor and an interface, the processor is used to call and run a computer program from the interface, when the processor executes the computer When using a program, the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect may be implemented, or the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect may be implemented, or Realize the method described in the above third aspect or any possible design of the third aspect, or realize the method described in the above fourth aspect or any possible design of the fourth aspect.

For the technical effects that can be achieved from the third aspect to the tenth aspect, please refer to the technical effects that can be achieved in the first aspect or the second aspect, and will not be repeated here.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the PIE scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of 4-PPM pulse position modulation provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of multi-pulse position modulation provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is one of the schematic diagrams of the transmission process provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is one of the schematic diagrams of the transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is the second schematic diagram of the transmission process provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is the second schematic diagram of the transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is the third schematic diagram of the transmission process provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the transmission performance comparison provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of cascade transmission provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the transmission performance comparison of the cascaded PIE provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 13 is one of the schematic diagrams of the transmission device provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 14 is the second schematic diagram of the transmission device provided by the embodiment of the present application.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, especially when there are coding and modulation related modules in the communication system, and the processing capability of the receiving end is strictly required, that is, the receiving end is required to process data with low complexity or low average power (or information) transmission communication system or scene. For example: passive IoT communication system, ultra-wideband mobile communication system, optical communication system, NB-IoT communication system, Lora communication system and other communication systems. Taking the passive IoT communication system as an example, for example, the communication system architecture applied in the embodiment of the present application can be shown in Figure 1, including: a reader (reader) and a tag (tag), and can also include a reader The computer console that is controlled by the writer. Among them, the reader can be used as the sending end of data transmission, and the tag can be used as the receiving end of data transmission.

When it needs to be explained, the reader/writer may also have other names, for example, it may be called a helper (helper), an interrogator (interrogator), a user equipment (user equipment, UE), etc. For the convenience of description, in the embodiments of the present application, all called a reader. The tag (tag) may also have other names, for example, it may be called a passive device (passive device). In addition, it should be understood that the communication system architecture shown in Figure 1 is only an example of a passive IoT communication system. The embodiment of the present application is not limited to a passive IoT communication system with readers and tags. ) is also applicable to the passive IoT communication system of the tag (receiving end).

When the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are applied to mobile communication systems such as 5G, the sending end may also be a network device, the receiving end may also be a terminal device, or both the sending end and the receiving end may be terminal devices. Wherein the terminal device can be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with a wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (virtual reality, VR) terminal, an augmented reality (augmented reality, AR) terminal, an industrial control (industrial Wireless terminals in control, wireless terminals in self driving, wireless terminals in remote medical, wireless terminals in smart grid, wireless terminals in transportation safety Terminals, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, etc. The network device may be a wireless access device, such as an evolved Node B (evolved Node B, eNB), a gNB in 5G, a radio network controller (radio network controller, RNC) or a Node B (Node B, NB), Base station controller (base station controller, BSC), base transceiver station (base transceiver station, BTS), home base station (for example, home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (baseband unit, BBU), wireless security Access point (access point, AP), wireless relay node, wireless backhaul node, etc. in the wireless fidelity (WiFi) system.

Before introducing the embodiments of the present application, some terms in the embodiments of the present application are firstly explained, so as to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art.

1), modulation, demodulation, modulation is the process of processing the data of the signal source and adding it to the carrier to make it into a form suitable for channel transmission. Demodulation is the reverse process of modulation, recovering the original data from the signal, and demodulation can sometimes be called detection.

2), 0, 1 sequence, also known as a binary sequence, refers to a sequence composed of multiple elements with a value of 0 and/or a value of 1, such as 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0, 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 etc. Each element in the 0, 1 sequence occupies 1 bit (bit), and each bit or the value corresponding to each bit in the 0, 1 sequence can be called an element. The information bit sequence and coding sequence involved in the embodiment of the present application may be a 0, 1 sequence, and the length unit is usually bit.

3) A pulse sequence may refer to a sequence including one or more pulses, and a pulse sequence may include multiple symbols (or pulse positions). In the embodiment of this application, each element in the pulse sequence corresponds to 1 symbol or pulse position, for example: pulse sequence 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0, which can indicate that there are 10 symbols or pulse positions, the third A pulse sequence in which there is a pulse with an amplitude of 1 at the fourth symbol or pulse position, and a pulse with an amplitude of 0 at other symbols or pulse positions; it can also indicate that the pulse sequence includes 10 elements, and the values of the third and fourth elements is 1, and the other elements are 0. The length unit of the pulse sequence is usually a symbol or a pulse position. In the subsequent description of the embodiments of the present application, the symbol is included in the pulse sequence as an example. It should be understood that the symbol in the pulse sequence can also be replaced by a pulse position.

4), PIE, the principle of PIE is to represent data by defining different time widths between pulse falling edges. The time interval named "Tari" is defined in the standard, also known as the reference time interval, which is the time width of two adjacent pulse falling edges. As shown in Figure 2, it is a PIE scheme, that is, bit "0" will be mapped to "1 0", and bit "1" will be mapped to "1 1 1 0". The receiving end judges whether a bit "0" or a bit "1" is sent by detecting the length of the time slot before the falling edge. However, PIE is a coding and modulation method based on pulse position intervals and changes. Although the coding and decoding structure is simple and the implementation complexity is low, the coding gain is limited and the performance needs to be further improved.

5), pulse position modulation (pulse position modulation), the principle of PPM is to use the position of the pulse to transmit information, the principle of PPM and PIE is similar, the difference is that in PPM, the width of each symbol (or pulse position) is consistent of. PPM mainly includes two categories, one is single-pulse position modulation, and the other is multi-pulse position modulation. For single pulse position modulation, K binary information bits are mapped to a single pulse signal of a time slot in a time period consisting of 2 ^K time slots (that is, 2 ^K symbols). The multi-pulse position modulation is to map K binary information bits into multiple pulse signals of p time slots in a time period composed of N time slots. As shown in Figure 3, it shows that 2 information bits are mapped to a single pulse signal in one of the 4 time slots, which is recorded as 4-PPM single pulse position modulation, that is, the bit "0 0" is mapped to "1 0 0 0", the bit "0 1" is mapped to "0 1 0 0", the bit "1 0" is mapped to "0 0 1 0", and the bit "1 1" is mapped to "0 0 0 1". As shown in FIG. 4 , it represents multi-pulse position modulation, in which 3 information bits are mapped to pulse signals of 2 time slots in 5 time slots. PPM also has the problem of limited coding gain. In addition, single-pulse PPM has the problem of low spectral efficiency. In addition, in multi-pulse PPM, the mapping of information bits to time slots (that is, symbols) generally uses the list method. Mapping with the constellation diagram method requires high storage and design complexity. If N is too large, the implementation will be very complicated.

The purpose of this application is to provide a transmission scheme using low-complexity coding and modulation, which can obtain a certain coding gain on the basis of maintaining low processing complexity.

Specifically, this application adopts the idea of performing sparse time coding and modulation (STCM) on the information bit sequence in the time domain, and the sending end obtains the information to represent The position vector of the information bit sequence is modulated to obtain a pulse sequence and sent, and the receiving end obtains the position vector by demodulating the pulse sequence, and then obtains the original information bit sequence by performing a ranking operation on the position vector estimate. As shown in Figure 5, the 0, 1 information bit sequence u (that is, a sequence composed of multiple elements with a value of 0 and/or a value of 1) with a length of K is mapped into a pulse sequence with a length of N after encoding and modulation x, x is transmitted through the channel, and the receiving end receives the pulse sequence y of length N (the pulse sequence x is interfered by the noise in the channel and becomes the pulse sequence y), and the estimated value u' of u is obtained through demodulation and decoding. The sending end involves encoding and modulation, and the receiving end involves corresponding demodulation and decoding. For ease of understanding, in subsequent embodiments of the present application, the device corresponding to the sending end is referred to as the first device, and the device corresponding to the receiving end is referred to as the second device for introduction. Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In addition, it should be understood that in this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. "And/or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three types of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, where A, B can be singular or plural. In the text description of this application, the character "/" generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship; in the formulas of this application, the character "/" indicates that the contextual objects are a "division" Relationship. In addition, unless otherwise stated, ordinal numerals such as "first" and "second" mentioned in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish multiple objects, and are not used to limit the order, timing, priority or importance of multiple objects degree, and the descriptions of "first" and "second" do not limit that the objects must be different. The various numbers involved in the application are only for convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the application. The size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic. In this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to represent examples, illustrations or illustrations, and any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as Other embodiments or designs are more preferred or advantageous. The use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific manner for easy understanding.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application, the method includes:

S601: The first device determines a first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence according to the first length of the information bit sequence to be transmitted and the second length of the coded sequence.

The core idea of the Unranking algorithm is to obtain an arrangement of all subsets of size K from a set of size N, and the core idea of the Ranking algorithm is to obtain its index value in the arrangement from a subset. In the embodiment of this application, referring to the ideas of the Unranking algorithm and the Ranking algorithm, the positions of the non-zero elements in the coding sequence are different to represent the target decimal values corresponding to different information bit sequences, and the positions of the non-zero elements in the coding sequence are transmitted The position vector realizes the transmission of the information bit sequence.

Wherein, the larger the second length of the coding sequence is, the larger the number of optional combinations of elements with a value of 0 or 1 in the coding sequence is, which leads to greater complexity of coding and decoding. For example: in the case that the number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence is at least 1, when the second length of the coding sequence is 2, the number of optional combinations of elements with

values

0 or 1 corresponding to the coding sequence is 3, respectively 0 1, 1 0 and 1 1; when the second length of the coding sequence is 3, the number of optional combinations of the elements corresponding to the coding sequence with

value

0 or 1 is 7, respectively 0 0 1, 0 1 0, 0 1 1, 1 0 0, 1 0 1, 1 1 0, 1 1 1.

Therefore, in some implementations, in order to improve transmission reliability and reduce processing complexity, the second length of the coding sequence may be uniformly specified or configured by a protocol or the like. As an example, the second length of the coding sequence may be preconfigured in the first device or the second device through a protocol or the like, for example, configuring the second length of the coding sequence to be 10, 20, and so on.

In some other embodiments, the second length of the coding sequence may also be determined by the first device according to feedback information (such as channel state information, etc.) of the second device.

As an example, assuming that the transmission rate of the first pulse sequence transmitted in the communication system is R, the second length of the coded sequence can be obtained by dividing N by the value of R, where N can be the first length of the information bit sequence (unit bit), the unit of R can be bit/symbol, and the unit of N/R is symbol (symbol), because 1 symbol in the first pulse sequence corresponds to 1 element, and 1 bit in the coding sequence corresponds to 1 element. The second device may set the second length of the coding sequence to be N/R bits.

In addition, in order to further reduce the complexity of encoding and decoding, the encoding sequence in the embodiment of the present application is a sparse sequence, that is, the number of elements with a value of 0 in the encoding sequence is greater than the number of elements with a value of 1. In addition, when the second length of the coding sequence is constant, as the number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence increases (not greater than half of the second length of the coding sequence), the median value of the coding sequence containing non-zero elements is 0 The number of optional combinations of elements of 1 or 1 increases, and the resulting processing complexity also increases. As an example, assuming that the second length of the coding sequence is 5, when the number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence is 1, the number of optional combinations of elements with a value of 0 or 1 corresponding to the coding sequence is 5, respectively 0 0 0 0 1, 0 0 0 1 0, 0 0 1 0 0, 0 1 0 0 0, 1 0 0 0 0; when the number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence is 2, the corresponding value of the coding sequence is 0 or The number of optional combinations of elements of 1 is 10, which are 0 0 0 1 1, 0 0 1 0 1, 0 0 1 1 0, 0 1 0 0 1, 0 1 0 1 0, 0 1 1 0 0, 1 0 0 0 1, 1 0 0 1 0, 1 0 1 0 0, 1 1 0 0 0.

At the same time, the greater the first length of the information bit sequence, the greater the range or upper limit of the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit sequence, and the greater the number of optional combinations of elements with a value of 0 or 1 corresponding to the coding sequence. Representable decimal The larger the number of values, in the embodiment of the present application, the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence can be adaptively adjusted according to the first length of the information bit sequence and the second length of the coding sequence to obtain a better Deal with complexity.

As an example, the first device can be based on

To determine the first number of non-zero elements, where K is the first length of the information bit sequence, N is the second length of the coded sequence, N _a is the first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence, where,

express

The value of N _a satisfies

The smallest integer of , where

The meaning is to take N _a elements from N elements, the number of combinations formed by these N _a elements, for example, when N is 5 and N _a is 2,

The value is 10.

S602: The first device determines, according to the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit sequence, the second length, and the first number, that when the target decimal value is represented, the non-zero elements of the first number are in A position vector within the coding sequence.

The values of the first number of non-zero elements have different positions in the encoding sequence, and represent different decimal values (also referred to as index values). In this embodiment of the present application, when the first device determines the position of the first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence when the target decimal value corresponding to the bit sequence representing the information is determined, that is, the position of the first number of non-zero elements in the code sequence is determined. position vector in the coding sequence.

In a possible implementation, the first device may use an Unranking algorithm or the like to determine a position vector of the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence when representing the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit sequence.

As an example, the Unranking algorithm can look like this:

Step (Step) 1: input the target decimal value (d), the second length (N) of the coding sequence and the first number of non-zero elements (N _a );

Step2: Initialize nn=N, seq is an all-zero vector with a length of N _a ;

Step3: For i from 1 to N _a , calculate

If uu>d, then let nn=nn-1, until uu is less than or equal to d, let seq(i)=nn+1, d=d–uu;

Step4: When i=N _a , get seq.

In other implementations, it is also possible to construct a mapping table of position vectors and decimal values of non-zero elements in the coding sequence under the second length of different coding sequences and different first numbers in advance according to the Unranking algorithm, etc., when determining the position vector , the first device may also look up the mapping table to obtain the target decimal value according to the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit sequence, the second length of the coded sequence, and the first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence. A position vector within the coding sequence.

S603: The first device generates a pulse sequence according to the position vector.

In a possible implementation, the first device performs pulse position modulation according to the position vector to determine the pulse sequence. For ease of description, in the subsequent description of the embodiments of the present application, the pulse position modulation is performed according to the position vector, and the determined pulse sequence is called a first pulse sequence. The length of the first pulse sequence may be equal to the second length of the code sequence, that is, the number of elements included in the first pulse sequence is the same as the number of elements included in the code sequence.

As an example, take the example that the length of the first pulse sequence is equal to the second length of the coding sequence, assuming that the position vector is [4, 3], and the length of the first pulse sequence is 10, then the first device can determine the first The pulse sequence is 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0, which means that there are pulses with an amplitude of 1 on the 3rd and 4th symbols, and pulses with an amplitude of 0 on other symbols.

In another possible implementation, the first device may also perform pulse interval modulation according to the position vector to determine the pulse sequence. In the subsequent description of the embodiment of the present application, the pulse interval modulation will be performed according to the position vector, and the determined pulse sequence is called the second pulse sequence.

As an example, assuming that the pulse interval modulation rule is that "N" is mapped to N consecutive 0s, then according to the position vector [4, 3], the first device can determine that the second pulse sequence is 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1, indicating that there are pulses with an amplitude of 1 in the 1st, 5th, and 9th symbols, and pulses with an amplitude of 0 in other symbols.

In yet another possible implementation, the first device may first determine the code sequence according to the position vector, and perform pulse interval modulation on the code sequence to determine the pulse sequence. For ease of description, in the subsequent description of the embodiments of the present application, pulse interval modulation will be performed on the coding sequence, and the determined pulse sequence is called a third pulse sequence.

As an example, assuming that the position vector is [4, 3] and the second length of the coding sequence is 10, the coding sequence is 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0. Assuming that pulse interval modulation adopts the scheme in which bit "0" is mapped to "1 0" and bit "1" is mapped to "1 1 1 0" as shown in Figure 2, then the first device pairs 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 for pulse interval modulation, the determined third pulse sequence is 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0.

It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the manner in which the first device generates the pulse sequence according to the position vector, for example, the first device may also perform Miller encoding according to the position vector (or the code sequence determined according to the position vector) (Miller) et al. modulation to determine the pulse sequence.

S604: The first device sends the pulse sequence to the second device, and the second device receives the pulse sequence.

As an example, assuming that the pulse sequence is 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0, when the first device sends the pulse sequence to the second device, at the 3rd symbol and the 4th symbol (or pulse position) there is a pulse with an amplitude of 1, and there is a pulse with an amplitude of 0 in other symbols.

In addition, when the second device determines the information bit sequence according to the pulse sequence sent by the first device, it needs to know the first length of the information bit sequence and the second length of the coding sequence. In a possible embodiment, the second length of the coding sequence may be pre-specified through a protocol or the like, and pre-configured in the first device or the second device. If the second length of the coded sequence is pre-configured in the first device and the second device, the first length of the information bit sequence may be directly or indirectly indicated to the second device by the first device, or may be determined by the second device according to Feedback information (such as channel state information, etc.) to determine. For example: for the first length (N) of the information bit sequence, the second device can determine it according to the transmission rate R of the first pulse sequence and the second length of the coding sequence. The specific determination process is that the above-mentioned first device according to the transmission rate R and The inverse process of determining the second length of the coding sequence of the first length (N) of the information bit sequence will not be repeated here.

Certainly, both the first length of the information bit sequence and the second length of the coding sequence may also be directly or indirectly indicated by the first device to the second device. For example: the first device can directly send the first length of the information bit sequence and the second length of the coding sequence to the second device, or the first device and the second device can agree in advance on the first length of the information bit sequence and the coding sequence. An index table of the second length of the sequence, wherein the index table can be preconfigured in the first device and the second device, or sent by the first device to the second device in advance, and each row in the index table can correspond to a group of information bit sequences The first length, the second length of the coding sequence, and an index value, the first device indicates the first length of the information bit sequence and the second length of the coding sequence by sending an index value to the second device.

S605: The second device determines a position vector according to the pulse sequence.

It should be understood that the pulse sequence may be subject to noise interference when transmitted in the channel, and the pulse sequence actually received by the second device may be deformed relative to the pulse sequence sent by the first device, such as the pulse sequence sent by the first device A pulse with an amplitude of 1 exists in the fourth symbol, and after channel transmission, a pulse with an amplitude of 0.8 may exist in the fourth symbol in the pulse sequence received by the second device.

In addition, when the second device receives the pulse sequence, there may be a case where the elements in the pulse sequence (that is, the amplitude of the pulse) are complex numbers, so before determining the position vector, the second device can first extract the elements in the pulse sequence Modulus operation, or the value of the real part or imaginary part of the complex number as the value of the element, which facilitates the comparison between the values of the elements in the pulse sequence, and the comparison between the value of the element in the pulse sequence and the threshold.

In a possible implementation, if the pulse sequence is the first pulse sequence determined by the first device performing pulse position modulation according to the position vector. Then the second device may determine the position vector according to the position of the element whose value is greater than the first threshold in the first pulse sequence.

As an example, suppose the first pulse sequence sent by the first device is 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0, after channel transmission, the first pulse sequence actually received by the second device is 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1, where 0.8 and 0.9 are greater than the first threshold "0.7", then the second device determines that the position vector is [3, 4] or [4, 3].

Certainly, the second device may also determine the position vector according to the positions of the elements of the first quantity whose values change from large to small (that is, have the largest value) in the first pulse sequence. Wherein, the first number is the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence, which may be determined by the first device and sent to the second device. For example: when sending the first length of the information bit sequence and the second length of the coding sequence to the second device, the first device may simultaneously send the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence to the second device. Of course, when configuring the index table that can be used to indicate the first length of the information bit sequence and the second length of the coded sequence, each row in the index table can correspond to a group of the first length of the information bit sequence, the second length of the coded sequence Two lengths and the first number and an index value, the first device indicates the first length of the information bit sequence and the second length of the coded sequence and the first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence by sending an index value to the second device.

Certainly, the second device may also determine the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence according to the first length of the information bit sequence and the second length of the coding sequence. For example: the second device can also be based on

To determine the first number of non-zero elements, where K is the first length of the information bit sequence, N is the second length of the coded sequence, N _a is the first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence, where the value of N _a take satisfaction

The smallest integer of .

As an example, assuming that the first number is 2, the first pulse sequence actually received by the second device is 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1, and the two elements with the largest value 0.8 and 0.9 are in the first pulse sequence The symbol positions in are 3 and 4, and the second device determines that the position vector is [3, 4], also referred to as [4, 3].

In another possible embodiment, if the pulse sequence is the second pulse sequence determined by performing pulse interval modulation according to the position vector by the first device. The second device may perform pulse interval demodulation on the second pulse sequence to obtain the position vector carried by the second pulse sequence.

As an example, assuming that the pulse interval modulation rule is "N", it will be mapped to N zeros. If the second pulse sequence received by the second device is 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.85, the second device can Each element in the two-pulse sequence is binarized, such as setting the second threshold, such as 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, etc., if the value of the element is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the value of the element after binarization is 1, if If the value of the element is smaller than the second threshold, then the value of the element is 0 after binarization processing. The processed second pulse sequence is 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1, then the second device can determine the position vector as [4, 3 according to 4 mapped to 0 0 0 0 and 3 mapped to 0 0 0 ].

Of course, the second can also be based on the first number 2 of non-zero elements in the code sequence to find the position of the 2+1 elements in the second pulse sequence from large to small (that is, the largest value), according to the 3 largest values The number of elements between elements is 4 and 3, and the position vector is determined to be [4, 3].

In yet another possible implementation, if the pulse sequence is the third pulse sequence determined by the first device first determining the code sequence according to the position vector, and performing pulse interval modulation on the code sequence. The second device may first perform pulse interval demodulation on the third pulse sequence to obtain a code sequence carried by the third pulse sequence, and then determine the position vector according to the code sequence.

As an example, assuming that pulse interval modulation adopts the scheme in which bit "0" is mapped to "1 0" and bit "1" is mapped to "1 1 1 0" as shown in Figure 2, the second device can control the third pulse sequence Each element in is binarized, and the third pulse sequence obtained is 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0, then the third device can be based on "1 0" is mapped to "0", "1 1 1 0" is mapped to "1", and the coding sequence is determined to be 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0, and then the position vector is determined to be [4, 3] or [3, 4 ].

In addition, it needs to be understood that if the first device (or the code sequence determined according to the position vector) performs Miller modulation, the pulse sequence is determined. The second device may also perform corresponding demodulation according to the modulation mode adopted by the first device, so as to determine the position vector.

S606: The second device determines, according to the second length of the code sequence and the position vector, that the position of the non-zero element conforms to the target decimal value represented by the code sequence of the position vector.

In a possible implementation, a Ranking algorithm corresponding to the Unranking algorithm or the like may also be used to determine that the position of the non-zero element conforms to the target decimal value represented by the coding sequence of the position vector.

As an example, the Ranking algorithm can look like this:

Step1: Input the position vector (seq), the first number of non-zero elements in the position vector (N _a );

Step2: Initialize d'=0;

Step3: For i from 1 to N _a , calculate

where nn=seq(i)-1;

Step4: When i=N _a , calculate d', where d' is the target decimal value.

What needs to be understood is that if the Ranking algorithm is used to determine the target decimal value, the position vector input by the Ranking algorithm and the value of the elements in the position vector output by the Unranking algorithm are sorted in the same way. For example, the values of the elements in the position vector are sorted in ascending order or in descending order. Taking the position vector input by the Ranking algorithm and the element values in the position vector output by the Unranking algorithm as an example, the values of elements in the position vector input by the Unranking algorithm are sorted in descending order. For the value of the element determined by the second device, the position vector in ascending order is used. The values of the elements in the vector are adjusted in descending order, such as adjusting the position vector [3, 4] to [4, 3].

In other implementations, it is also possible to construct a mapping table of position vectors and decimal values of non-zero elements in the coding sequence under the second length of different coding sequences and different first numbers according to the Unranking algorithm in advance, and determine the non-zero elements When the position of the position vector corresponds to the target decimal value represented by the coding sequence of the position vector, the second device can also search for the second length of the corresponding coding sequence and the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence according to the second length of the coding sequence and the The mapping table of the first number of non-zero elements in the encoding sequence obtains the target decimal value corresponding to the position vector.

S607: The second device determines an information bit sequence corresponding to the target decimal value according to the first length of the information bit sequence.

As an example, suppose the target decimal value is 5, the first length of the information bit sequence is 5, the second device converts 5 into binary to obtain 101, and according to the first length of 5, the information bit sequence is determined to be 0 0 1 0 1.

In some possible implementations, the first device may also add a cyclic redundancy check (cyclic redundancy check, CRC) bit generated based on the information bit sequence after the information bit sequence, and determine the position vector according to the information bit sequence and the CRC bit, Further, the pulse sequence is generated, and the second device determines the position vector according to the pulse sequence, and then obtains the information bit sequence and CRC bits, and then checks whether the obtained information bit sequence is accurate based on the CRC bits.

For the transmission method shown in Figure 6, the first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence is adaptively adjusted according to the first length of the information bit sequence, taking the second length of the coded sequence as 10 as an example, the typical first number The computational complexity of performing the Ranking algorithm for 2, 3, and 4 corresponding to the second device is as follows:

The first quantity is 2: one multiplication, one division by 2, one addition;

The first quantity is 3: four multiplications, two divisions, two additions;

The first quantity is 4: nine multiplications, three divisions, three additions.

Among them, the calculation complexity of the first number is 2 is the lowest, and it is especially recommended to be used in Passive IoT scenarios.

As shown in FIG. 7, when implementing the above transmission method, an STCM encoder may be set in the first device, and an STCM decoder may be set in the second device. The STCM encoder can convert the

input length K

0, 1 information bit sequence u from binary to decimal to obtain the decimal value d, obtain the position vector through the Unranking algorithm, and obtain the length N by modulating the position vector Pulse train x. After x is transmitted through the channel, the second device receives the pulse sequence y of length N (pulse sequence x is interfered by the noise in the channel and becomes pulse sequence y), and the STCM decoder can demodulate according to the pulse sequence y to obtain the position Vector, the estimated value d' of the decimal value is obtained through the ranking algorithm, and the estimated value u' of the original information bit sequence u is obtained by converting d' from decimal to binary, and according to the length K of the information bit sequence.

Although under the transmission method shown in Figure 6, the first device can flexibly adjust the value of the first number of non-zero elements according to the first length of the information bit sequence and the second length of the coding sequence, but considering some scenarios of the Internet of Things Under the requirements of extremely low processing complexity and unified architecture design, the embodiment of the present application can also adopt a fixed second length of the coding sequence and a first number of non-zero elements for different first lengths of the information bit sequence, That is, the transmission method of grouping information bits is adopted.

As shown in FIG. 8, it is a schematic diagram of another transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application. The method includes:

S801: The first device groups information bit sequences to be transmitted, and determines multiple information bit subsequences.

When the second length of the coding sequence and the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence are constant, the range of decimal values that can be represented by the different position vectors of the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence is certain , so the length or the length threshold of the information bit subsequence can be pre-configured in the first device and the second device according to the second length of the coded sequence and the first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence.

As an example, taking the second length of the coding sequence as 7 and the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence as 2 as an example, the positions of the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence are

(that is, 21) possibilities, which can correspond to 21 different position vectors, and the range of decimal values that can be represented is 0-20, and after 20 is converted into binary, it is 1 0 1 0 0, and the length is 5, then the information bit can be determined The subsequence has a length of 4 or a length threshold of 4.

The first device may group the information bit sequences according to the length of the information bit subsequence or the length threshold, and determine multiple information bit subsequences.

As an example, taking the information bit sequence as 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 and the length threshold of the information bit subsequence as 4 as an example, then the first device may convert 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 is divided into three information bit subsequences, which are 0 0 1 0, 1 0 1 0, and 1 0 0 0.

Wherein, the lengths of the multiple information bit sequences may be equal or unequal. As an example, assuming that the first length of the information bit sequence is 11 and the length threshold of the information bit subsequence is 4, the information bits can be divided into an information bit subsequence of length 3 and two information bit subsequences of length 4 sequence of bits. For example, 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 is divided into 0 1 0, 1 0 1 0, and 1 0 0 0.

In order to further reduce the complexity of implementation, in a possible implementation, if the first length of the information bit sequence cannot be divisible by the length of the information bit subsequence or the length threshold, the second sequence can also complement the information bit sequence , until it can be divisible by the length of the information bit subsequence or the length threshold.

As an example, assuming that the information bit sequence is 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0, the first length is 11, and the length or length threshold of the information bit subsequence is 4, the first device may First add a "0" to get a new information bit sequence 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0, and then group to determine multiple information bit subsequences.

S802: The first device, for each information bit subsequence in the plurality of information bit subsequences, according to the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit subsequence, the second length of the coded sequence, and the non-zero value in the coded sequence The first number of elements determines the position vector of the first number of non-zero elements in the encoding sequence when representing the target decimal value.

S803: The first device generates multiple pulse sequences according to multiple position vectors determined for the multiple information bit subsequences.

S804: The first device sends the multiple pulse sequences to the second device, and the second device receives the multiple pulse sequences.

S805: The second device determines multiple position vectors according to the multiple pulse sequences.

S806: The second device determines, according to the second length of the coding sequence, for each of the plurality of position vectors, that the position of the non-zero element conforms to the target decimal value represented by the coding sequence of the position vector, and obtains target decimal value.

S807: The second device determines multiple information bit subsequences corresponding to the multiple target decimal values.

S808: The second device determines an information bit sequence according to the multiple information bit subsequences.

In the embodiment of the present application, the implementation of the first device determining the position vector and generating the pulse sequence for each information bit subsequence, and the realization of the second device determining the position vector and determining the information bit subsequence according to the pulse sequence can refer to Figure 6 The realization of the first device determining the position vector and generating the pulse sequence according to the information bit sequence, and the realization of the second device determining the position vector and determining the information bit sequence according to the pulse sequence will not be repeated here.

After determining the multiple information subsequences, the second device concatenates the multiple information subsequences to obtain the information bit sequence.

As an example, assuming that the multiple information bit subsequences are 0 0 1 0, 1 0 1 0, 1 0 0 0 respectively, and the length of the information bit sequence is 12, then the second device determines that the information bit sequence is 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0.

As an example, assuming that the multiple information bit subsequences are 0 0 1 0, 1 0 1 0, 1 0 0 0 respectively, and the length of the information bit sequence is 11, then the second device determines that the information bit sequence is 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0.

It should be understood that for the transmission of multiple pulse sequences, the second device can send multiple pulse sequences in cascade, as shown in Figure 9, an STCM encoder can be set in the first device, and an STCM encoder can be set in the second device decoder. The first device divides the 0 and 1 information bit sequence u of length K into G information bit subsequences according to the length or length threshold of the information bit subsequence, and the G information bit subsequences are processed by the STCM encoder to output G Pulse train x. The first device performs parallel-to-serial conversion on the G pulse sequences x according to the sequence of the information bit subsequences corresponding to the pulse sequences in the information bit sequence, and cascades the G pulse sequences x together. The concatenated G pulse sequences x are transmitted through the channel, and the second device receives the concatenated G pulse sequences y (the G pulse sequences x are interfered by the noise in the channel and become G pulse sequences y) , the second device performs serial-to-parallel conversion on the concatenated G pulse sequences y to obtain G pulse sequences y, which are processed by the STCM decoder to obtain G information bit subsequences, according to the information bit The first length of the sequence concatenates the G information bit subsequences together to obtain the estimated value u' of the original information bit sequence u.

As shown in Figure 10, among them, SNR represents the signal-to-noise ratio (signal-to-noise ratio), BLER represents the block error rate (block error ratio), with amplitude represents the amplitude of the signal, sqrt represents the root sign, and P _mean represents average power. Considering that the first length of the information bit sequence K=8, the second length of the coding sequence N=32, and the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence N _a =2, in the case of the total power constraint and the average power constraint, this The transmission scheme proposed in the application (that is, the STCM scheme) has the best performance, which is better than binary phase shift keying (binary phase shift keying, BPSK), binary amplitude shift keying (amplitude shift keying, 2ASK) and PIE scheme (here using The PIE scheme for bit "0" is encoded as "1 0 0 0", and bit "1" is encoded as "1 1 1 0"). In addition, it can be seen that compared with BPSK, the STCM scheme can achieve BLER performance similar to BPSK (high SNR is better) on the basis of reducing the total power consumption of 25%; compared with 2ASK, it can reduce 62.5 % of the total power overhead, to achieve BLER performance similar to 2ASK (high SNR is better); compared with PIE, it can obtain better performance than PIE on the basis of reducing the total power overhead of 87.5%, And in the case of maintaining the same magnitude as PIE, a performance gain of 1.5dB is obtained when the BLER is 10 ^-2 .

The transmission scheme proposed in this application supports cascading use with existing coding and modulation modules. On the basis of not changing the existing coding and modulation modules, the performance can be improved by cascading the modules used to realize the transmission scheme of this application. As shown in Figure 11, the STCM encoder (or module) and STCM decoder (or module) can be cascaded with the existing modulation/demodulation module, where the STCM encoder can output a pulse sequence or directly output a position vector , the STCM decoder can input a pulse sequence or a position vector directly. The existing modulation/demodulation module can be a modulation/demodulation module of low-complexity coded modulation schemes such as PIE and NRZ. As shown in Figure 12, the STCM encoder/decoder (indicated by STCM) of the present application can be used as an example by cascading the modulation/demodulation module (indicated by PIE) of the PIE coded modulation scheme, where PIE3 refers to the bit "1 " is mapped to "1 1 0", bit "0" is mapped to "1 0 0", PIE4 refers to bit "1" is mapped to "1 1 1 0", bit 0 is mapped to "1 0 0 0", PIE5 refers to bit "1" maps to "1 1 1 1 0", bit "0" maps to "1 0 0 0 0". As the number of 1s in PIE increases, the error correction performance of PIE improves to a certain extent, but it can be seen that through external cascading STCM, the performance of PIE is improved, and the performance gain is the most obvious in PIE3, and the high signal-to-noise ratio The performance gain is more obvious. In addition, Figure 12 also compares the BLER performance of STCM decoding and joint decoding after adopting PIE hard decision at the receiving end after cascading PIE. Hard decision will bring a certain performance loss, but at high SNR, PIE3 The proposed cascading scheme still has great performance advantages under the conditions of PIE4 and PIE4.

The foregoing mainly introduces the solution provided by the present application from the perspective of interaction between the first device and the second device. It can be understood that, in order to realize the above functions, each device includes a corresponding hardware structure and/or software module (or unit) for performing each function. Those skilled in the art should easily realize that the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software in combination with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or computer software drives hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be regarded as exceeding the scope of the present application.

FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 are schematic structural diagrams of possible transmission devices provided by the embodiments of the present application. These transmission devices may be used to implement the functions of the first device or the second device in the above method embodiments, and thus also realize the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In this embodiment of the application, the transmission device may be the first device in Figure 6 or Figure 8, or the second device in Figure 6 or Figure 8, or it may be applied to the first device or the second device Modules (such as chips).

As shown in Figure 13. The transmission device 1300 may include: a processing unit 1302 and a communication unit 1303 , and may also include a storage unit 1301 . The transmission apparatus 1300 is configured to realize the functions of the first device or the second device in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 8 above.

In a possible design, the processing unit 1302 is configured to implement corresponding processing functions. The communication unit 1303 is used to support the transmission between the transmission device 1300 and other devices. The storage unit 1301 is configured to store program codes and/or data of the transmission device 1300 . Optionally, the communication unit 1303 may include a receiving unit and/or a sending unit, configured to perform receiving and sending operations respectively.

When the transmission device 1300 is used to realize the function of the first device in the method embodiment:

In a possible implementation, the processing unit 1302 is configured to determine the first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence according to the first length of the information bit sequence to be transmitted and the second length of the coded sequence; according to the The target decimal value corresponding to the information bit sequence, the second length and the first number, determine the position vector of the non-zero elements of the first number in the coding sequence when representing the target decimal value; and generating a pulse sequence according to the position vector;

A communication unit 1303, configured to send the pulse sequence to the second device.

In a possible design, when the processing unit 1302 generates a pulse sequence according to the position vector, it is specifically configured to perform pulse position modulation according to the position vector to determine a first pulse sequence;

When the communication unit 1303 sends the pulse sequence to the second device, it is specifically configured to send the first pulse sequence to the second device.

In a possible design, when the processing unit 1302 generates a pulse sequence according to the position vector, it is specifically configured to perform pulse interval modulation according to the position vector to determine a second pulse sequence;

When the communication unit 1303 sends the pulse sequence to the second device, it is specifically configured to send the second pulse sequence to the second device.

In a possible design, when the processing unit 1302 generates the pulse sequence according to the position vector, it is specifically configured to determine the code sequence according to the position vector; perform pulse interval modulation according to the code sequence to determine a third pulse sequence;

When the communication unit 1303 sends the pulse sequence to the second device, it is specifically configured to send the third pulse sequence to the second device.

In a possible design, the communication unit 1303 is further configured to send the first amount to the second device.

In another possible implementation, the processing unit 1302 is configured to group the information bit sequences to be transmitted and determine a plurality of information bit subsequences; for each information bit subsequence in the plurality of information bit subsequences , according to the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit subsequence, the second length of the coding sequence and the first number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence, when determining the target decimal value, the first number of non-zero elements position vectors in the encoded sequence; and generating a plurality of pulse sequences based on the plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences;

A communication unit 1303, configured to send the multiple pulse sequences to the second device.

In a possible design, when the processing unit 1302 generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to the plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences, it is specifically configured to respectively perform a pulse sequence according to the plurality of position vectors position modulation, determining a plurality of first pulse sequences;

When the communication unit 1303 sends the multiple pulse sequences to the second device, it is specifically configured to send the multiple first pulse sequences to the second device.

In a possible design, when the processing unit 1302 generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to the plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences, it is specifically configured to respectively perform a pulse sequence according to the plurality of position vectors interval modulation to determine a plurality of second pulse sequences;

When the communication unit 1303 sends the multiple pulse sequences to the second device, it is specifically configured to send the multiple second pulse sequences to the second device.

In a possible design, when the processing unit 1302 generates multiple pulse sequences according to the multiple position vectors determined for the multiple information bit subsequences, it is specifically configured to determine the multiple pulse sequences according to the multiple position vectors. coded sequences; performing pulse interval modulation respectively according to the multiple coded sequences to determine a plurality of third pulse sequences;

When the communication unit 1303 sends the multiple pulse sequences to the second device, it is specifically configured to send the multiple third pulse sequences to the second device.

When the transmission device 1300 is used to realize the function of the second device in the method embodiment:

a communication unit 1303, configured to receive a pulse sequence from the first device;

The processing unit 1302 is configured to determine a position vector according to the pulse sequence; according to the second length of the code sequence and the position vector, determine that the position of the non-zero element conforms to the target decimal value represented by the code sequence of the position vector; and An information bit sequence corresponding to the target decimal value is determined according to the first length of the information bit sequence.

In a possible design, when the communication unit 1303 receives the pulse sequence from the first device, it is specifically configured to receive the first pulse sequence from the first device;

When the processing unit 1302 determines the position vector according to the pulse sequence, it is specifically configured to determine the position vector according to the position of the element whose value is greater than the first threshold in the first pulse sequence.

In a possible design, when the communication unit 1303 receives the pulse sequence from the first device, it is specifically configured to receive the first pulse sequence from the first device and the first quantity;

When the processing unit 1302 determines the position vector according to the pulse sequence, it is specifically configured to determine the position vector according to the positions of the elements of the first number whose values range from large to small in the first pulse sequence.

In a possible design, when the communication unit 1303 receives the pulse sequence from the first device, it is specifically configured to receive the second pulse sequence from the first device;

When the processing unit 1302 determines the position vector according to the pulse sequence, it is specifically configured to perform pulse interval demodulation on the second pulse sequence to obtain the position vector carried by the second pulse sequence.

In a possible design, when the communication unit 1303 receives the pulse sequence from the first device, it is specifically configured to receive a third pulse sequence from the first device;

When the processing unit 1302 determines the position vector according to the pulse sequence, it is specifically used to demodulate the pulse interval of the third pulse sequence to obtain the code sequence carried by the third pulse sequence; according to the code sequence, Determine the position vector.

In another possible implementation, the communication unit 1303 is configured to receive multiple pulse sequences from the first device;

The processing unit 1302 is configured to determine a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences; and according to the second length of the coding sequence, for each position vector in the plurality of position vectors, determine that the position of the non-zero element conforms to the The target decimal value represented by the coding sequence of the position vector is obtained to obtain a plurality of target decimal values; determine a plurality of information bit subsequences corresponding to the plurality of target decimal values; and determine an information bit sequence according to the plurality of information bit subsequences.

In a possible design, when the communication unit 1303 receives multiple pulse sequences from the first device, it is specifically configured to receive multiple first pulse sequences from the first device;

When the processing unit 1302 determines a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences, it is specifically configured to, for each first pulse sequence in the plurality of first pulse sequences, according to the median value of the first pulse sequence The position of the element greater than the first threshold is determined as a position vector, and the plurality of position vectors are obtained.

When the processing unit 1302 determines a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences, it is specifically configured to, for each first pulse sequence in the plurality of first pulse sequences, according to the median value of the first pulse sequence The multiple position vectors are obtained by determining the position vectors from the positions of elements of the first number from the largest to the smallest, where the first number is the number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence.

In a possible design, when the communication unit 1303 receives multiple pulse sequences from the first device, it is specifically configured to receive multiple second pulse sequences from the first device;

When the processing unit 1302 determines a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences, it is specifically configured to respectively perform pulse interval demodulation on the plurality of second pulse sequences to obtain the The plurality of position vectors.

In a possible design, when the communication unit 1303 receives multiple pulse sequences from the first device, it is specifically configured to receive multiple third pulse sequences from the first device;

When the processing unit 1302 determines a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences, it is specifically configured to respectively perform pulse interval demodulation on the plurality of third pulse sequences to obtain the position vectors carried by the plurality of third pulse sequences. A plurality of coding sequences; determining the plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of coding sequences.

More detailed descriptions about the processing unit 1302 and the communication unit 1303 can be directly obtained by referring to related descriptions in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 8 , and details are not repeated here.

As shown in FIG. 14 , the transmission device 1400 includes a processor 1410 and an interface circuit 1420 . The processor 1410 and the interface circuit 1420 are coupled to each other. It can be understood that the interface circuit 1420 may be a transceiver or an input-output interface. Optionally, the transmission device 1400 may further include a memory 1430 for storing instructions executed by the processor 1410 or storing input data required by the processor 1410 to execute the instructions or storing data generated by the processor 1410 after executing the instructions.

When the transmission device 1400 is used to implement the method shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 8 , the processor 1410 is used to implement the functions of the processing unit 1302 , and the interface circuit 1420 is used to implement the functions of the communication unit 1303 .

As another form of this embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which instructions are stored, and when the instructions are executed, the transmission method applicable to the first device or the second device in the above method embodiments can be executed.

As another form of this embodiment, a computer program product including instructions is provided, and when the instructions are executed, the transmission method applicable to the first device or the second device in the foregoing method embodiments can be executed.

As another form of this embodiment, a chip is provided, and when the chip is running, it can execute the transmission method applicable to the first device or the second device in the foregoing method embodiments.

Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present application is described with reference to flowcharts and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each procedure and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram, and a combination of procedures and/or blocks in the flowchart and/or block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or processor of other programmable data processing equipment to produce a machine such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment produce a An apparatus for realizing the functions specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions The device realizes the function specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.

These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby The instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow chart or blocks of the flowchart and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.

While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional changes and modifications to these embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art once the basic inventive concept is appreciated. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to cover the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications which fall within the scope of the application.

Apparently, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the embodiments of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the embodiments of the application fall within the scope of the claims of the application and their equivalent technologies, the application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

A transmission method, characterized in that, comprising:

The first device determines the first number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence according to the first length of the information bit sequence to be transmitted and the second length of the coded sequence;

The first device, according to the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit sequence, the second length, and the first number, determines that when the target decimal value is represented, the non-zero elements of the first number are in the a position vector in the coding sequence;

The first device generates a pulse sequence according to the position vector;

The first device sends the pulse sequence to a second device.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the first device generates a pulse sequence according to the position vector, comprising:

The first device performs pulse position modulation according to the position vector to determine a first pulse sequence;

The first device sends the pulse sequence to the second device, including:

The first device sends the first pulse sequence to the second device.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the first device generates a pulse sequence according to the position vector, comprising:

The first device performs pulse interval modulation according to the position vector to determine a second pulse sequence;

The first device sends the pulse sequence to the second device, including:

The first device sends the second sequence of pulses to the second device.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the first device generates a pulse sequence according to the position vector, comprising:

The first device determines the coding sequence according to the position vector;

The first device performs pulse interval modulation according to the coding sequence to determine a third pulse sequence;

The first device sends the pulse sequence to the second device, including:

The first device sends the third pulse sequence to the second device.
The method according to any one of claims 2-4, further comprising:

The first device sends the first amount to the second device.
A transmission method, characterized in that, comprising:

The first device groups the information bit sequences to be transmitted, and determines a plurality of information bit subsequences;

The first device, for each information bit subsequence in the plurality of information bit subsequences, according to the target decimal value corresponding to the information bit subsequence, the second length of the coded sequence, and the number of non-zero elements in the coded sequence The first quantity, determining the position vector of the non-zero elements of the first quantity in the encoding sequence when representing the target decimal value;

The first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to a plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences;

The first device sends the plurality of pulse sequences to the second device.
The method according to claim 6, wherein the first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to a plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences, comprising:

The first device respectively performs pulse position modulation according to the multiple position vectors to determine multiple first pulse sequences;

The first device sends the plurality of pulse sequences to the second device, including:

The first device sends the plurality of first pulse sequences to the second device.
The method according to claim 6, wherein the first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to a plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences, comprising:

The first device respectively performs pulse interval modulation according to the plurality of position vectors to determine a plurality of second pulse sequences;

The first device sends the plurality of pulse sequences to the second device, including:

The first device sends the plurality of second pulse sequences to the second device.
The method according to claim 6, wherein the first device generates a plurality of pulse sequences according to a plurality of position vectors determined for the plurality of information bit subsequences, comprising:

The first device determines a plurality of coding sequences according to the plurality of position vectors;

The first device respectively performs pulse interval modulation according to the multiple coded sequences to determine multiple third pulse sequences;

The first device sends the plurality of pulse sequences to the second device, including:

The first device sends the plurality of third pulse sequences to the second device.
A transmission method, characterized in that, comprising:

the second device receives the pulse train from the first device;

The second device determines a position vector according to the pulse sequence;

The second device determines, according to the second length of the coding sequence and the position vector, that the position of the non-zero element conforms to the target decimal value represented by the coding sequence of the position vector;

The second device determines an information bit sequence corresponding to the target decimal value according to the first length of the information bit sequence.
The method of claim 10, wherein the second device receiving the pulse sequence from the first device comprises:

the second device receives a first sequence of pulses from the first device;

The second device determines a position vector according to the pulse sequence, including:

The second device determines the position vector according to the positions of elements in the first pulse sequence whose values are greater than a first threshold.
The method of claim 10, wherein the second device receiving the pulse sequence from the first device comprises:

the second device receives from the first device a first sequence of pulses and a first number of non-zero elements in the encoded sequence;

The second device determines a position vector according to the pulse sequence, including:

The second device determines the position vector according to the positions of the elements of the first number whose values change from large to small in the first pulse sequence.
The method of claim 10, wherein the second device receiving the pulse sequence from the first device comprises:

the second device receives a second sequence of pulses from the first device;

The second device determines a position vector according to the pulse sequence, including:

The second device performs pulse interval demodulation on the second pulse sequence to obtain the position vector carried by the second pulse sequence.
The method of claim 10, wherein said second device receiving the pulse sequence from the first device comprises:

the second device receives a third sequence of pulses from the first device;

The second device determines a position vector according to the pulse sequence, including:

The second device performs pulse interval demodulation on the third pulse sequence to obtain a code sequence carried by the third pulse sequence;

The second device determines the position vector according to the encoding sequence.
A transmission method, characterized in that, comprising:

the second device receives a plurality of pulse trains from the first device;

The second device determines a plurality of position vectors based on the plurality of pulse sequences;

The second device, according to the second length of the coding sequence, determines for each of the plurality of position vectors that the position of the non-zero element conforms to the target decimal value represented by the coding sequence of the position vector, and obtains multiple target decimal value;

said second device determines a plurality of information bit subsequences corresponding to said plurality of target decimal values;

The second device determines an information bit sequence according to the plurality of information bit subsequences.
The method of claim 15, wherein said second device receiving a plurality of pulse trains from the first device comprises:

the second device receives a plurality of first pulse sequences from the first device;

The second device determines a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences, including:

For each first pulse sequence in the plurality of first pulse sequences, the second device determines a position vector according to the position of an element whose value is greater than a first threshold in the first pulse sequence, and obtains the plurality of position vector.
The method of claim 15, wherein said second device receiving a plurality of pulse trains from the first device comprises:

the second device receives a plurality of first pulse sequences from the first device;

The second device determines a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences, including:

For each first pulse sequence in the plurality of first pulse sequences, the second device determines a position vector according to the positions of the first number of elements whose median values are from large to small in the first pulse sequence, and obtains The plurality of position vectors, wherein the first number is the number of non-zero elements in the coding sequence.
The method of claim 15, wherein said second device receiving a plurality of pulse trains from the first device comprises:

the second device receives a plurality of second pulse trains from the first device;

The second device determines a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences, including:

The second device respectively performs pulse interval demodulation on the multiple second pulse sequences to obtain the multiple position vectors carried by the multiple second pulse sequences.
The method of claim 15, wherein said second device receiving a plurality of pulse trains from the first device comprises:

the second device receives a plurality of third pulse trains from the first device;

The second device determines a plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of pulse sequences, including:

The second device respectively performs pulse interval demodulation on the multiple third pulse sequences to obtain multiple code sequences carried by the multiple third pulse sequences;

The second device determines the plurality of position vectors according to the plurality of encoding sequences.
A first device, characterized in that it comprises:

a communication unit for receiving and sending data;

A processing unit, configured to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-9 through the communication unit.
A second device, characterized in that it comprises:

a communication unit for receiving and sending data;

A processing unit, configured to implement the method according to any one of claims 10-19 through the communication unit.
A first device, characterized in that it comprises: a processor and a memory, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-9 .
A second device, characterized in that it comprises: a processor and a memory, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to perform the method according to any one of claims 10-19 .
A transmission system, characterized in that it comprises:

A first device, configured to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-9;

The second device is configured to implement the method according to any one of claims 10-19.
A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer executes any one of claims 1-9. A method applicable to a first device, or performing a method applicable to a second device according to any one of claims 10-19.
A computer program product, characterized in that the computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is run on a computer, the computer is made to perform any one of claims 1-9 applicable to the first device. method, or perform the method applicable to the second device according to any one of claims 10-19.
A chip system, characterized in that the chip system includes:

A processor and an interface, the processor is used to call and run a computer program from the interface, and when the processor executes the computer program, the method applicable to the first device according to any one of claims 1-9 is implemented , or implement the method applicable to the second device according to any one of claims 10-19.