WO2023274458A1 - Système de capteur de contrainte normale - Google Patents

Système de capteur de contrainte normale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023274458A1
WO2023274458A1 PCT/DE2022/200084 DE2022200084W WO2023274458A1 WO 2023274458 A1 WO2023274458 A1 WO 2023274458A1 DE 2022200084 W DE2022200084 W DE 2022200084W WO 2023274458 A1 WO2023274458 A1 WO 2023274458A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stress sensor
normal stress
normal
resonators
sensor system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2022/200084
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Siegfried Reck
Original Assignee
Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh filed Critical Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh
Priority to EP22723027.3A priority Critical patent/EP4363818A1/fr
Publication of WO2023274458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023274458A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a normal stress sensor system according to patent claim 1, a normal stress sensor for use in such a normal stress sensor system according to patent claim 14 and a control unit for use in such a normal stress sensor system according to patent claim 15.
  • the transducers In order to measure mechanical normal and shear stresses, the transducers must be integrated into the component in such a way that they can record the force flow to be measured. If this power flow is inhomogeneous, flat sensors are usually required. Elastomer-based pressure measuring foils, which are inserted into the component for each measurement, depict the distribution of the maximum stresses that have occurred by means of color changes. However, this is usually imprecise, cannot be recorded electronically and an unused pressure measuring foil must be installed, removed again and evaluated for each measurement, which makes this type of recording of normal and shear stresses unattractive.
  • DES dielectric elastomer sensors
  • DE 102020216234.4 discloses a device for detecting mechanical normal stresses in an elastomeric component, with an elastomeric component having at least one normal stress sensor, the normal stress sensor having at least one resonator whose natural frequency depends, preferably at least essentially, on the mechanical normal stresses to be detected linear, dependent, wherein at least the resonator is embedded in the elastomer component in such a way that mechanical normal stresses acting on the elastomer component can change the natural frequency of the resonator, and with at least one control unit which is designed to excite the resonator to oscillate at its natural frequency and its To detect vibrations, wherein the control unit is further designed to determine the mechanical normal stresses of the elastomeric component from the detected vibrations of the resonator.
  • a normal force sensor for elastomeric components which consists of a so-called symmetrical microwave stripline, which is designed as a resonator.
  • a dielectric is located along the longitudinal axis above and below a conductor strip, which is covered on its outer surface with a conductive layer and is electrically at ground potential.
  • the normal force to be measured compresses the strip line along the longitudinal axis and thus reduces the distance between the centrally arranged conductor strip and the two outer ground planes along the longitudinal axis, which changes the wave impedance and the return loss of the arrangement.
  • the strip line is connected to an impedance spectrometer that Evaluates the wave impedance and the return loss and uses this to calculate the measurement result.
  • a disadvantage of the device of DE 102020216234.4 is that in this way only the average normal stress can be detected, which acts in the middle of the surface of the normal stress sensor.
  • One object of the present invention is to improve the possibilities for measuring normal stresses of the type described in the introduction.
  • different normal stresses i.e. different value ranges
  • an alternative to known options for measuring normal stresses should be created.
  • the invention thus relates to a normal stress sensor system with at least one normal stress sensor with at least one first resonator with a first natural frequency which is dependent, preferably at least essentially linearly, on a mechanical first normal stress to be detected, with at least one second resonator with a second natural frequency which is a mechanical second normal stress to be detected, preferably at least essentially linearly, wherein the normal stress sensor is designed to be arranged between two objects in such a way that mechanical normal stresses acting between the objects can change the natural frequencies of the resonators, and with at least one control unit , which is formed, the resonators of the normal stress sensor to excite oscillations in its natural frequencies and to detect its oscillations, the control unit also being designed to determine the mechanical normal stresses of the elastomer component from the detected oscillations of the resonators.
  • the mechanical normal stresses of a plurality of differently designed resonators or designed with regard to their natural frequencies can be detected by sensors.
  • the resonators can thus detect mechanical normal stresses in the form of compressive forces and/or tensile forces, in that the forces influence the vibration behavior of the resonators in such a way that the vibration behavior of the respective resonator can be characteristic of the acting mechanical normal stresses. If the resonators are excited to oscillate and the oscillating behavior of the resonators is recorded and evaluated, conclusions can be drawn about the mechanical normal stresses that are present. As a result, mechanical normal stresses can be continuously detected by sensors.
  • resonators of this type can be produced simply, quickly, accurately in position and/or robustly, for example by vulcanization, by printing or by gluing. Such resonators can also be made comparatively flat. Furthermore, such resonators or a corresponding normal voltage sensor can be made available as a simple component at comparatively low cost.
  • the resonators of the normal stress sensor are elastic, preferably in the form of a conductive liquid. In this way, the resonators can flexibly adapt to the movements of the objects between which the normal stresses are to be measured, and as a result can record the mechanical normal stresses comparatively precisely.
  • the resonators or the corresponding normal stress sensor can also follow significantly greater expansions than rigid measuring transducers due to their elastic construction.
  • the resonators of the normal voltage sensor are designed as high-frequency resonators.
  • a high-frequency resonator is understood to mean a resonator which can work in the frequency range of high-frequency oscillations.
  • Flier are understood to mean frequencies in the frequency range from 1 to 300 GFIz.
  • the advantage here is that such high frequencies have correspondingly small wavelengths and the resonators can thus be realized with comparatively small dimensions.
  • the comparatively small resonators can also be integrated in a very small normal voltage sensor.
  • a small resonator may favor being embedded within a material.
  • Another advantage of this is that due to the high frequency, no interaction between the electromagnetic field of the resonators and a surrounding material can occur, which could have a negative effect on the functionality.
  • the resonators can be very sensitive to the measured value signal and thus to normal force or pressure. This can increase the measurement sensitivity.
  • the resonators of the normal stress sensor are arranged on a preferably elastic carrier layer, preferably a carrier film. This can favor implementation, especially as a flexible design.
  • the resonators of the normal stress sensor are arranged in a ring around a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis corresponding to the direction of the mechanical normal stresses acting between the objects.
  • This can favor an arrangement of the multiple resonators that is as uniform as possible relative to the axis of the normal stresses to be detected along the longitudinal axis and make it possible for the same normal stresses to act equally on all resonators and thus to be able to be detected by them in the same way.
  • the resonators of the normal stress sensor are each arranged perpendicular to the direction of the mechanical normal stresses between at least one pair of electrically conductive conductor layers and embedded in a dielectric, with at least one feed line being arranged in the dielectric and extending parallel to the resonators.
  • the normal voltage sensor has at least one connection which is electrically conductively connected in parallel to the resonators and to the feed line. This can allow access, in particular for the control unit, to the detected sensor values.
  • the dielectric of the normal stress sensor is elastic. This can implement the allow corresponding properties described above on the part of the dielectric.
  • the resonators of the normal stress sensor are designed to extend over a surface, preferably in a U-shape, the resonators being embedded in the dielectric with their surface plane of extension perpendicular to the direction of the mechanical normal stresses. This can make it possible to implement the resonators with a sufficiently long extension while at the same time having a compact design. This can favor a large-scale sensory detection of the mechanical normal stresses, which can improve the quality of the sensory values.
  • control unit is designed to excite the resonators of the normal stress sensor to oscillate at their natural frequencies using broadband pulses, to detect their impulse responses and to determine the mechanical normal stresses from the detected impulse responses.
  • This can represent a mode of operation in which the resonators are excited to oscillate at their respective natural frequencies and the corresponding signals from the resonators are recorded or received.
  • the control unit is designed to continuously excite the resonators of the normal stress sensor with oscillations of variable frequency to oscillate at their natural frequency, to detect their oscillations, to determine the transmission parameters from the resonant frequency of the detected oscillations and to determine the mechanical normal stresses from the determined transmission parameters to determine.
  • This can represent an alternative mode of operation to excite the resonators to oscillate at their respective natural frequency and to detect or receive the corresponding signals of the resonators.
  • the normal stress sensor also has at least one third resonator with a third natural frequency which is dependent, preferably at least essentially linearly, on a mechanical third normal stress to be detected. This can correspondingly extend the possibilities described above to a third resonator.
  • the normal stress sensor has a housing which is designed to be arranged between the two objects, the housing being designed to transmit mechanical normal stresses acting between the objects partially in parallel past the resonators.
  • the normal stress sensor according to the invention can be designed in this way in a manner comparable to a force measuring electrode, so that the normal stresses can be detected by sensors as described above, but without having a complete effect on the elements of the normal stress sensor and possibly overloading or damaging them as a result .
  • the present invention also relates to a normal stress sensor for use in a normal stress sensor system as described above.
  • a normal stress sensor can thereby be provided to implement a normal stress sensor system as described above and to use its properties and advantages.
  • the present invention also relates to a control unit for use in a normal stress sensor system as described above.
  • a control unit can be created in order to implement the device described above and to be able to use its properties and advantages.
  • the control unit can also be used universally, for example for similar devices or measuring systems, with appropriate adjustment of the software implementation of the functions described above for the respective application.
  • the object of the present invention can be seen in particular as creating a force-measuring device that can record several individual forces simultaneously in order to determine the force distribution in its measuring area.
  • the task can be solved in particular by a force-measuring device with at least two resonators, which are tuned to different frequencies due to their geometric dimensions and can be excited by field coupling from a common feed line.
  • the entire structure consisting of the feed line and the coupled resonators can be implemented as a symmetrical strip line.
  • conventional strip lines consist of rigid materials
  • the force measuring device according to the invention can consist of elastic materials.
  • the striplines can be created with conductive ink that is based on metallic nanoparticles and can therefore allow for expansions of around 1% before the structures printed with it lose their conductivity.
  • An elastic foil can be used as a carrier for the conductor structures.
  • a coaxial high-frequency cable can preferably be connected to a connector of the force-measuring device and connected to a transceiver as a control unit.
  • the outer conductor of the connector can be electrically at ground potential.
  • the transceiver can be designed as a so-called "Software Defined Radio", whose integrated programmable computing unit can calculate the forces acting on the individual resonators from the changes in the individual resonance frequencies or the return losses.
  • the force-measuring device according to the invention can be characterized by a low overall height of 2 mm ⁇ h ⁇ 10 mm. By specifying the maximum permissible compression, the measuring range can be predetermined with the help of the modulus of elasticity of the dielectric.
  • the outer, grounded ground surfaces of the dielectric can protect the force-measuring device from interference from electromagnetic influences. Due to its elasticity, the measuring device can also be used for curved surfaces.
  • the force-measuring device can preferably be implemented for a round cross-section with three measuring points distributed around the circumference.
  • the dimensions of the traces, i.e. their length and width, as well as their spacing, can be determined using a simulation calculation for the return loss. The dimensions can be tuned so that the resonances in the frequency response are distinguishable from each other. If necessary, the feed line can be terminated with an ohmic resistor.
  • the conductor structures can be printed on both sides of the carrier film so that they run congruently.
  • the force measuring device can be integrated into a metal housing that takes over part of the power flow ("shunt").
  • Normal stress sensor systems can be used in particular in the case of elastomeric components such as belts, air springs, hoses, belts, bearings, etc., and in measurement technology in general.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • Normal stress sensor considered along the longitudinal axis
  • FIG. 2 shows the representation of FIG. 1 cut open and viewed unrolled along the longitudinal axis
  • FIG. Figure 3 is a section A-A through Figures 1 and 2 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
  • FIG. 4 shows the representation of FIG. 3 with the housing.
  • a normal stress sensor 1 has an elastic
  • Carrier layer 10 which can also be referred to as carrier film 10.
  • the carrier film 10 is essentially circular with a radial projection.
  • a feed line 12 is printed onto the carrier film 10, which runs in a ring around the longitudinal axis X and ends at one end on the projection of the carrier film 10 and is electrically conductively connected there to a connection 13 in the form of a plug 13.
  • a first U-shaped resonator 11a is applied on the same side as the feed line 12 by means of printed electrically conductive ink.
  • the carrier film 10 is along the longitudinal axis X with the resonators 11a, 11b, 11c and the feed line 12 on both sides in a flexible dielectric 14 embedded, see FIG. 3.
  • the dielectric 14 is arranged on both sides along the longitudinal axis X between electrically conductive conductor layers 15 in the form of ground planes 15 .
  • the carrier foil 10 is arranged exactly in the middle between the two ground surfaces 15 along the longitudinal axis X, so that a distance h from the carrier foil 10 to each of the two ground surfaces 15 is the same when the normal voltage sensor 1 is in the unloaded state.
  • the normal stress sensor forms a normal stress sensor system together with a control unit (not shown).
  • the control unit can excite the resonators 11a, 11b, 11c of the normal stress sensor 1 to oscillate at the respective natural frequency and these oscillations can be detected by the control unit 1.
  • the control unit can determine the mechanical normal stresses F along the longitudinal axis X from the detected vibrations of the resonators 11a, 11b, 11c.
  • one of the resonators 11a, 11b, 11c can be detuned more than the other two resonators 11a, 11b, 11c and then exactly its sensor values can be used to determine the applied mechanical normal stress F along the longitudinal axis X.
  • This can increase the measurement accuracy, since one of the three resonators 11a, 11b, 11c can be designed to be correspondingly sensitive over the value range of the normal voltages F to be detected for all three resonators 11a, 11b, 11c in order to to cover or detect the entire range of values of the normal stresses F to be detected with greater accuracy than is previously known from such normal stress sensors with only one resonator.
  • the normal stress sensor 1 can be arranged in a housing 16 comparable to a load cell.
  • the connection to objects (not shown), between which the normal stresses F are to be detected by sensors as described above, can be made along the longitudinal axis X on one side via a housing base 16a and on the opposite side via a housing cover 16b.
  • the normal voltages F can be conducted parallel to the normal voltage sensor 1 via the housing walls 16c of the housing 16, see Figure 4.
  • A-A section F mechanical normal stresses or direction of the mechanical

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de capteur de contrainte normale ayant au moins un capteur de contrainte normale (1) ayant au moins un premier résonateur (11a) avec une première fréquence naturelle, qui est, de préférence, au moins sensiblement linéaire, en fonction d'une première contrainte mécanique normale (F) à enregistrer, ayant au moins un second résonateur (11b) avec une seconde fréquence naturelle, qui est, de préférence, au moins sensiblement linéaire, en fonction d'une seconde contrainte mécanique normale (F) à enregistrer, le capteur de contrainte normale (1) étant conçu pour être agencé entre deux objets de telle sorte que des contraintes mécaniques normales (F) agissant entre les objets soient en mesure de modifier les fréquences naturelles des résonateurs (11a, 11b) et ayant au moins une unité de commande conçue pour exciter les résonateurs (11a, 11b) du capteur de contrainte normale (1) afin de produire des oscillations à leurs fréquences naturelles et d'enregistrer leurs oscillations, l'unité de commande étant en outre conçue pour déterminer les contraintes mécaniques normales (F) à partir des oscillations enregistrées des résonateurs (11a, 11b).
PCT/DE2022/200084 2021-06-30 2022-05-02 Système de capteur de contrainte normale WO2023274458A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22723027.3A EP4363818A1 (fr) 2021-06-30 2022-05-02 Système de capteur de contrainte normale

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021206816.2 2021-06-30
DE102021206816.2A DE102021206816A1 (de) 2021-06-30 2021-06-30 Normalspannungssensorsystem

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DE (1) DE102021206816A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023274458A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022206597A1 (de) 2022-06-29 2024-01-04 Contitech Ag Normalspannungssensorsystem
DE102022210669A1 (de) 2022-10-10 2024-04-11 Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh Normalspannungssensorsystem

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019021073A1 (fr) * 2017-07-24 2019-01-31 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Détecteur de pression électromécanique
EP4016027A1 (fr) * 2020-12-18 2022-06-22 ContiTech Antriebssysteme GmbH Dispositif de détermination des tensions mécaniques normales dans un composant élastomère, ainsi que capteur de tension normale associé

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020C (fr) 1900-01-01

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019021073A1 (fr) * 2017-07-24 2019-01-31 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Détecteur de pression électromécanique
EP4016027A1 (fr) * 2020-12-18 2022-06-22 ContiTech Antriebssysteme GmbH Dispositif de détermination des tensions mécaniques normales dans un composant élastomère, ainsi que capteur de tension normale associé

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EP4363818A1 (fr) 2024-05-08
DE102021206816A1 (de) 2023-01-05

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