WO2023273263A1 - 处理红土镍矿浸出渣和黄钠铁矾渣的混合物的方法和应用 - Google Patents

处理红土镍矿浸出渣和黄钠铁矾渣的混合物的方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2023273263A1
WO2023273263A1 PCT/CN2021/142959 CN2021142959W WO2023273263A1 WO 2023273263 A1 WO2023273263 A1 WO 2023273263A1 CN 2021142959 W CN2021142959 W CN 2021142959W WO 2023273263 A1 WO2023273263 A1 WO 2023273263A1
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slag
jarosite
iron
nickel ore
nickel
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PCT/CN2021/142959
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English (en)
French (fr)
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袁科
刘红
谭世奇
叶民杰
唐红辉
刘希泉
李长东
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广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普汽车循环有限公司
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Publication of WO2023273263A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023273263A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/14Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0066Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02Roasting processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/26Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/021Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and in particular relates to a method and application for treating a mixture of laterite nickel ore leaching slag and jarosite slag.
  • Laterite nickel ore is an important way for the new energy industry to obtain nickel raw materials, and it is an important resource strategy area that many companies value.
  • the resource development scale of laterite nickel ore has rapidly expanded, and the amount of slag produced by the hydrometallurgy of laterite nickel ore is very large. Comprehensive recycling is very necessary.
  • HPAL high-pressure acid leaching process
  • saprolite-type lateritic nickel ore mostly adopts atmospheric pressure acid leaching process.
  • the equipment and control requirements are low, the investment cost is low, the technical threshold is low, and it is widely used in China; however, the atmospheric pressure leaching process will produce a large amount of mixture of laterite nickel ore leaching slag and jarosite slag.
  • the chemical properties of sodium-jaundicite slag are unstable at room temperature, and it is easy to decompose. Long-term storage will pollute the environment.
  • the grades of iron and nickel in the sodium-jaundicite slag produced by iron-removal using the iron-jaundic method are lower after recovery. not too high.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the above-mentioned prior art. For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of method and application of processing laterite nickel ore leaching slag and jarosite slag mixture, in this method, the mixture of laterite nickel ore leaching slag and jarosite slag (hereinafter referred to as iron slag) by reduction roasting Iron and nickel in alum slag) are reduced to simple iron and nickel, which is beneficial to magnetic separation recovery, and the remaining residue is used as raw material for brick making or road repair, and the laterite nickel ore leaching slag and jarosite slag are realized.
  • the comprehensive recycling of the mixture provides a feasible solution for the treatment of this kind of waste residue.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a kind of method of processing iron alumina slag comprises the following steps:
  • step (1) Water quenching, ball milling, and magnetic separation of the metal-containing pellets to obtain iron, nickel, and silicon-magnesium slag slurries; in step (1), the temperature of the secondary roasting is 950-1050° C. , the time is 1-2 hours.
  • the jarosite slag is obtained by filtering the laterite-nickel ore leaching solution after iron removal by the jarosite method.
  • reaction equation is: 6Fe 3+ +4SO 4 2- +2Na + +12H 2 O ⁇ Na 2 Fe 6 (SO 4 ) 4 (OH) 12 ⁇ +12H + .
  • the main components of the jarosite slag are jarosite (Na 2 Fe 6 (SO 4 ) 4 (OH) 12 ), nickel, magnesium, silicon oxides and sulfates.
  • the main element composition of the jarosite slag is 0.3-0.6% nickel, 15-22% iron, 8-12% magnesium, 4-6% silicon, and 40% moisture. -50%.
  • the granulation is to make the jarosite slag into pellets of 25-30 mm.
  • the drying temperature is 130-160°C.
  • the temperature of the primary calcination is 750-800° C., and the time is 2-3 hours.
  • reaction equation Na 2 Fe 6 (SO 4 ) 4 (OH) 12 ⁇ Na 2 SO 4 +3Fe 2 O 3 +6H 2 O+3SO 3 .
  • the reducing agent is coal powder.
  • the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the alumina slag is 1: (9.5-10.5).
  • the atmosphere of the secondary firing is a reducing atmosphere
  • the gas in the reducing atmosphere is carbon monoxide
  • the temperature of the secondary calcination is 950-1050° C., and the time is 1-2 hours.
  • Secondary roasting needs to control the temperature not higher than 1050°C, so that the pellets are in a semi-molten state, so that iron and nickel exist in the pellets in the form of simple substances. When it is higher than 1050°C, it will appear in a molten state, and the iron and nickel parts may be in the form of alloys. exist.
  • step (2) the operation of reusing the obtained silicon-magnesium slag slurry after separating the metal element from the metal element-containing pellets is also included.
  • it also includes dehydrating the silicon-magnesia slag slurry by pressure filtration to obtain filter residue and filtrate, taking the filter residue to make bricks or repairing roads, and returning the filtrate to the water quenching and ball milling processes for recycling.
  • the water quenching is quenching the second-baked pellets with water into 2-5mm particles.
  • the particle size D80 of the milled pellets is ⁇ 150 ⁇ m.
  • the magnetic separation is wet magnetic separation; the magnetic separation intensity is 150-400mT.
  • the invention also provides the application of the method in recovering valuable metals.
  • the method of the present invention fully utilizes the jarosite slag produced by the sulfuric acid atmospheric pressure leaching of laterite nickel ore and the jarosite method for iron removal, utilizes the characteristics of the jarosite slag that is easy to decompose at high temperature, and decomposes the formed Fe 2 O 3
  • Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention 1, can obtain from Fig. 1, adopts the jarosite method iron removal process in the leaching solution after the laterite nickel ore normal pressure leaching, the jarosite slag that produces is dried through ball making, One-stage roasting, two-stage reduction roasting, water extraction, ball milling, and magnetic separation, most of the iron and nickel are recovered, and the remaining silicon-magnesium slag can be used as raw materials for brick making or road repair after dehydration, and the water in the process continues to return to ball milling, Used in magnetic separation process.
  • the method for the processing of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
  • the dried pellets are loaded into the furnace, sprayed into coal powder (the quality is 20% of the alumina slag), and roasted at a temperature of 750-800 ° C for 2 hours, and the roasted material is obtained containing iron and nickel. pellets;
  • Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of reducing agent pulverized coal is reduced to 8%.
  • Example 4 The difference from Example 4 is that the temperature of the second firing is 1150°C.
  • Table 1 The typical composition of the mixture of laterite nickel ore leaching slag and jarosite slag in Examples 1-4
  • the original jarosite slag used as waste slag is reduced to simple iron and nickel with good taste and high recovery rate by using the method of embodiment 1-4 of the present invention, and the jarosite slag is decomposed by high temperature It is silicon-magnesium slag with stable properties, which realizes the harmless treatment of jarosite slag, and solves the disposal problem of tailing slag leached by atmospheric sulfuric acid of low-grade laterite nickel ore and jarosite slag produced by iron removal.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种处理红土镍矿浸出渣和铁矾渣混合物的方法和应用,包括以下步骤:将铁矾渣进行造粒,烘干,进行一次焙烧,再加入还原剂,进行二次焙烧,得到含金属单质的球团;将含金属单质的球团进行水淬,球磨,磁选,得到铁、镍和硅镁渣浆料。本发明的方法充分利用了红土镍矿硫酸常压浸出和黄钠铁矾法除铁所产生的铁矾渣,利用铁矾渣高温下易分解的特性,将分解后形成的Fe 2O 3使用煤粉还原,再利用水淬球磨磁选工艺回收了铁和镍有价金属,将铁矾渣利用高温分解为性质稳定的硅镁渣,实现了铁矾渣的无害化处理,解决了低品位红土镍矿常压硫酸浸出的尾渣及除铁产生的黄钠铁矾渣的处置问题。

Description

处理红土镍矿浸出渣和黄钠铁矾渣的混合物的方法和应用 技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域,具体涉及一种处理红土镍矿浸出渣和黄钠铁矾渣的混合物的方法和应用。
背景技术
红土镍矿是目前新能源行业获取镍原材料的一种重要途径,是众多企业看重的重要资源战略领域。近几年,随着新能源电动车市场的快速发展,红土镍矿的资源开发规模快速扩大,红土镍矿湿法冶炼产生的渣量非常大,其中使用铁矾法除铁产生铁矾渣中铁的综合回收利用显得非常必要。
目前红土镍矿湿法冶炼方法有两种,褐铁矿型红土镍矿大多采用高压酸浸工艺(HPAL),腐泥矿型红土镍矿大多采用常压酸浸工艺,常压酸浸工艺对设备、控制的要求较低,投资成本较低,技术门槛较低,在国内应用较多;但常压浸出工艺除铁会产生大量的红土镍矿浸出渣和黄钠铁矾渣的混合物,黄钠铁矾渣在常温环境中化学性质不稳定,容易分解,长期堆存会对环境产生污染,还有目前使用铁矾法除铁产生铁矾渣中铁和镍回收后,铁和镍的品位都不太高。
因此,亟需研发一种处理红土镍矿浸出渣和黄钠铁矾渣的混合物并实现综合回收利用的方法。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种处理红土镍矿浸出渣和铁矾渣混合物的方法和应用,在该方法中,通过还原焙烧将红土镍矿浸出渣和黄钠铁矾渣的混合物(下称铁矾渣)中的铁和镍还原为铁单质和镍单质,利于磁选回收,并将回收剩余的残渣作为制砖或修路的原材料,实现了红土镍矿浸出渣和黄钠铁矾渣的混合物的综合回收利用,为此类废渣的处理提供了可行的方案。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种处理铁矾渣的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将铁矾渣进行造粒,烘干,进行一次焙烧,再加入还原剂,进行二次焙烧,得到含金属单质的球团;
(2)将所述含金属单质的球团进行水淬,球磨,磁选,得到铁、镍和硅镁渣浆料;步骤(1)中,所述二次焙烧的温度为950-1050℃,时间为1-2小时。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述铁矾渣是由红土镍矿浸出液采用黄钠铁矾法除铁后,过滤,即得。
反应方程式为:6Fe 3++4SO 4 2-+2Na ++12H 2O→Na 2Fe 6(SO 4) 4(OH) 12↓+12H +
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述铁矾渣的主要成分为黄钠铁矾(Na 2Fe 6(SO 4) 4(OH) 12)、镍、镁、硅的氧化物及硫酸盐。
优选地,步骤(1)中,按质量百分比计,所述铁矾渣的主要元素组成为镍0.3-0.6%、铁15-22%、镁8-12%、硅4-6%、水分40-50%。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述造粒是将铁矾渣制成25-30mm的球团。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述烘干的温度为130-160℃。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述一次焙烧的温度为750-800℃,时间为2-3小时。
反应方程式为:Na 2Fe 6(SO 4) 4(OH) 12→Na 2SO 4+3Fe 2O 3+6H 2O+3SO 3
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述还原剂为煤粉。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述还原剂与铁矾渣的质量比为1:(9.5-10.5)。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述二次焙烧的气氛为还原性气氛,所述还原性气氛的气体为一氧化碳。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述二次焙烧的温度为950-1050℃,时间为1-2小时。
反应方程式为:2Fe 2O 3+3C=4Fe+3CO 2
2NiO+2C=2Ni+CO 2
二次焙烧需控制温度不大于1050℃,使球团处在半熔融状态,使得铁和镍以单质形式存在于球团,当大于1050℃,会出现熔融状态,铁和镍部分可能以合金形式存在。
优选地,步骤(2)中,还包括对所述含金属单质的球团分离出金属单质后,所得到的硅镁渣浆料进行回用的操作。
即还包括对所述硅镁渣浆料进行压滤脱水,得到滤渣和滤液,取滤渣制砖或修路,滤液返回水淬和球磨工序循环使用。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述水淬是将二次焙烧后的球团用水急冷为2-5mm的颗粒。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述球磨后的球团的粒径D80≤150μm。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述磁选为湿式磁选;所述磁选强度为150-400mT。
本发明还提供所述的方法在回收有价金属中的应用。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明的方法充分利用了红土镍矿硫酸常压浸出和黄钠铁矾法除铁所产生的铁矾渣,利用铁矾渣高温下易分解的特性,将分解后形成的Fe 2O 3使用煤粉还原,再利用水淬球磨磁选工艺回收了铁和镍有价金属,将铁矾渣利用高温分解为性质稳定的硅镁渣,实现了铁矾渣的无害化处理,解决了低品位红土镍矿常压硫酸浸出的尾渣及除铁产生的黄钠铁矾渣的处置问题。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,其中:
图1为本发明实施例1的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述,以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例的处理铁矾渣的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将铁矾渣使用造粒机制成球团,并在150℃的温度下进行烘干,得到25-30mm的球团;
S2、将烘干后的球团装炉,在750℃的温度下焙烧2小时,喷入煤粉(质量为铁矾渣的10%),在1050℃的还原性一氧化碳气氛下进行二次焙烧时间为90min,得到含铁和镍单质的球团;
S3、将焙烧后的球团出炉用水急冷,形成2-5mm的水淬粒料,加水球磨至粒径D80≤150μm,使用湿式弱磁磁选机进行磁选,分离出铁、镍等有价金属,金属回收率可达90%以上;
S4、将剩余的硅镁渣浆料进行使用板框压滤机进行脱水后,制砖或修筑道路,滤液无需处理直接返回水淬和球磨工序循环使用。
图1为本发明实施例1的工艺流程图,从图1可得,将红土镍矿常压浸出后的浸出液采用黄钠铁矾法除铁工序中,产生的铁矾渣经过制球烘干、一段焙烧、二段还原焙烧、水萃、球磨、磁选分离,大部分铁、镍得到回收,剩余的硅镁渣经过脱水可用于制砖或修路的原材料,流程中的水继续返回球磨、磁选工序使用。
实施例2
本实施例的处理铁矾渣的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将铁矾渣使用造粒机制成球团,并在150℃的温度下进行烘干,得到25-30mm的球团;
S2、将烘干后的球团装炉,在800℃的温度下焙烧2小时,焙烧后的物料,喷入煤粉(质量为铁矾渣的10%),在1000℃的还原性一氧化碳气氛下进行二次焙烧时间为90min,得到含铁和镍单质的球团;
S3、将焙烧后的球团出炉用水急冷,形成2-5mm的水淬粒料,加水球磨至粒径D80≤150μm,使用磁选强度为400mT湿式弱磁磁选机进行磁选,即可分离出铁、镍等有价金属,金属回收率可达90%以上;
S4、将剩余的硅镁渣浆料使用板框压滤机进行脱水后,制砖或修筑道路,滤液无需处理直接返回水淬和球磨工序循环使用。
实施例3
本实施例的处理铁矾渣的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将铁矾渣使用造粒机制成球团,并在150℃的温度下进行烘干,得到25-30mm的球团;
S2、将烘干后的球团装炉,在800℃的温度下焙烧2小时,焙烧后的物料,喷入煤粉(质量为铁矾渣的10%),在950℃的还原性一氧化碳气氛下下进行二次焙烧时间为90min,得到含铁和镍单质的球团;
S3、将焙烧后的球团出炉用水急冷,形成2-5mm的水淬粒料,加水球磨至粒径D80≤150μm,使用磁选强度为400mT湿式弱磁磁选机进行磁选,得到铁、镍等有价金属,铁、镍金属回收率可达90%以上;
S4、将剩余的硅镁渣浆料进行使用板框压滤机进行脱水后,制砖或修筑道路,滤液无需处理直接返回水淬和球磨工序循环使用。
实施例4
本实施例的处理铁矾渣的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将铁矾渣使用造粒机制成球团,并在150℃的温度下进行烘干,得到25-30mm的球团;
S2、将烘干后的球团装炉,在750℃的温度下焙烧2小时,焙烧后的物料,喷入煤粉(质量为铁矾渣的10%),在1050℃的还原性一氧化碳气氛下进行二次焙烧时间为90min,得到含铁和镍单质的球团;
S3、将焙烧后的球团出炉用水急冷,形成2-5mm的水淬粒料,加水球磨至粒径D80≤150μm,使用磁选强度为400mT湿式弱磁磁选机进行磁选,分离出铁、镍等有价金属,铁、镍金属回收率可达90%以上;
S4、将剩余的硅镁渣浆料进行使用板框压滤机进行脱水后,制砖或修筑道路,滤液无需处理直接返回水淬和球磨工序循环使用。
对比例1
本对比例的处理铁矾渣的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将铁矾渣使用造粒机制成球团,并在150℃的温度下进行烘干,得到25-30mm的球团;
S2、将烘干后的球团装炉,喷入煤粉(质量为铁矾渣的20%),在750-800℃的温度下焙烧2小时,焙烧后的物料,得到含铁和镍单质的球团;
S3、将焙烧后的球团出炉用水急冷,形成2-5mm的水淬粒料,加水球磨至80%≤150μm的粒径,使用磁选强度为400mT湿式弱磁磁选机进行磁选,即可分离出铁、镍等有价金属,金属回收率约80%以上;
S4、将剩余的硅镁渣浆料进行使用板框压滤机进行脱水后,制砖或修筑道路,滤液无需处理直接返回水淬和球磨工序循环使用。
对比例2
与实施例1的不同之处在于,将还原剂煤粉的量减少到8%。
对比例3
与实施例4的不同之处在于,第二次焙烧的温度为1150℃。
表1 实施例1-4的红土镍矿浸出渣和黄钠铁矾渣的混合物典型成分
成分(%) Ni Fe Mg H 2O Si
含量 0.58 18 8.6 48.6 6
表2
Figure PCTCN2021142959-appb-000001
由表2可得,将原来的作为废渣的铁矾渣,利用本发明实施例1-4的方法,还原成铁单质和镍单质的品味好,回收率高,并且利用高温将铁矾渣分解为性质稳定的硅镁渣,实现了铁矾渣的无害化处理,解决了低品位红土镍矿常压硫酸浸出的尾渣及除铁产生的黄钠铁矾渣的处置问题。由对比例1可得将步骤S2中两次焙烧改为一次焙烧,在铁矾渣大部分没有分解的情况下与煤粉形成的一氧化碳进行接触,还原效果并不明显,造成还原剂的浪费,增加了煤粉消耗,铁镍的回收率明显下降;且铁矾渣的分解在750-800℃的温度下就能进行,不需要把温度升到1050℃,如果改为一次焙烧反而造成能源浪费,不利于节能。
由对比例2可得将步骤S2中还原剂煤粉的量减少到8%,由于还原剂量不足,不能产生足够还原性气氛,反应缓慢,金属回收率较低。由对比例3可得,大于1050℃会出现熔融状态,铁单质和镍单质的品味下降,金属回收率较低。
上面对本发明实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种处理铁矾渣的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    (1)将铁矾渣进行造粒,烘干,进行一次焙烧,再加入还原剂,进行二次焙烧,得到含金属单质的球团;
    (2)将所述含金属单质的球团进行水淬,湿法球磨,磁选,得到金属和硅镁渣浆料;步骤(1)中,所述二次焙烧的温度为950-1050℃,时间为1-2小时。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述铁矾渣是由红土镍矿浸出液采用黄钠铁矾法除铁后,过滤,即得。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述铁矾渣的主要成分为黄钠铁矾、镍、镁、硅的氧化物及硫酸盐。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述一次焙烧的温度为750-800℃,时间为2-3小时。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述还原剂为煤粉。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述二次焙烧的气氛为还原性气氛。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述还原性气氛为一氧化碳气体。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,还包括对所述含金属单质的球团分离出金属单质后,所得到的硅镁渣浆料进行回用的操作。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述水淬是将二次焙烧后的球团用水急冷为2-5mm的颗粒。
  10. 权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法在处理红土镍矿浸出液除铁所得到的铁矾渣中的应用。
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