WO2023273090A1 - 转子单元、转子及电机结构 - Google Patents

转子单元、转子及电机结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023273090A1
WO2023273090A1 PCT/CN2021/129735 CN2021129735W WO2023273090A1 WO 2023273090 A1 WO2023273090 A1 WO 2023273090A1 CN 2021129735 W CN2021129735 W CN 2021129735W WO 2023273090 A1 WO2023273090 A1 WO 2023273090A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
magnetic steel
unit
hole
units
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/129735
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李良梓
陈静
章俊杰
李了了
张乐
叶建斌
Original Assignee
浙江方正电机股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江方正电机股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江方正电机股份有限公司
Priority to JP2023566505A priority Critical patent/JP2024515228A/ja
Priority to US18/564,978 priority patent/US20240364161A1/en
Priority to EP21948016.7A priority patent/EP4322375A1/en
Publication of WO2023273090A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023273090A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/06—Magnetic cores, or permanent magnets characterised by their skew
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automobile manufacturing, in particular to a rotor unit, a rotor and a motor structure.
  • PMSMs Permanent magnet synchronous motors
  • stator flat copper wire winding technology which can better improve the temperature of the motor stator side.
  • the flat copper wire will generate a large AC loss in the high-speed section, so it is particularly important to reduce the temperature rise of the stator and rotor of the flat wire motor in the high-speed section;
  • the problem solved by the present invention is to provide a rotor unit, rotor and motor structure, which can effectively reduce the cost of magnets, and at the same time, when applied in motors, it can realize direct cooling of magnets, rotors, and stators, and reduce eddy current effects and reduce costs , greatly expanding the scope of optimization and use of the motor.
  • the present invention provides a rotor unit, comprising: a rotor punch; a plurality of magnet steel units, which are composed of magnet steel and located on the rotor punch; and a hole structure, located in the magnet steel.
  • the hole structure runs through the magnetic steel.
  • the magnet unit includes one magnet or multiple magnets.
  • the hole structure adopts one or more combinations of circular holes, triangular holes, rectangular holes or other hole shapes.
  • the pore structure adopts a single pore structure or a stacked pore structure.
  • the pore structure includes a first pore structure and a second pore structure, and the first pore structure and the The second hole structures communicate with each other.
  • the present invention also provides a rotor, including a plurality of the above-mentioned rotor units.
  • the present invention also provides a motor structure, including: the above-mentioned rotor.
  • the present invention further provides a motor structure including: the above-mentioned rotor, the rotor includes a first rotor group and a second rotor group, and one of the rotor units in the first rotor group and the second rotor One of the rotor units in the group is arranged adjacently; the first guide plate has a central hole and is located between the two adjacently arranged rotor units, and the first guide plate has a first guide path; the center The shaft passes through the center of the rotor and the central hole, the central shaft is provided with a diversion hole, and the diversion hole, the first diversion path, and the hole structure are designed to communicate with each other.
  • the rotor adopts a "V" shaped oblique pole structure or a "one" shaped oblique pole structure.
  • the rotor adopts a "one" shape skew pole
  • the sum of the number of the rotor units in the first rotor group and the number of the rotor units in the second rotor group is For an odd number, any one of the rotor units is cut open, and the first deflector plate is located in the two halves of the rotor unit.
  • the first flow guide path includes a first flow guide path inlet and a first flow guide path outlet connected to each other, and the first flow guide path inlet is located on the side wall of the central hole.
  • the first guide plate also has a first magnetic steel unit interface, the first magnetic steel unit interface runs through the first guide plate, and the outlet of the first guide path is connected to the first guide plate.
  • a magnetic steel unit interface is provided correspondingly, the side wall of the first magnetic steel unit interface exposes the outlet of the first guide path, and the ends of the magnetic steel units on both sides of the first guide plate are located at the first A magnetic steel unit interface.
  • the number of the rotor units in the first rotor group is one or more, and the number of the rotor units in the second rotor group is one or more.
  • the number of the rotor units in the first rotor group is multiple
  • the number of the rotor units in the second rotor is multiple, and also includes a plurality of interlayer connection disks located at between adjacent rotor units in the first rotor group and between adjacent rotor units in the second rotor unit.
  • the second magnetic steel unit interface runs through the interlayer connection plate.
  • the second magnetic steel unit interface is provided corresponding to the magnetic steel unit, and the ends of the magnetic steel units on both sides of the interlayer connection plate are located at the second magnetic steel unit interface.
  • it also includes a second deflector plate located at the end of the rotor, and the rotor unit or the second deflector plate is located between the second deflector plate and the adjacent interlayer connection plate.
  • the rotor unit is located between the flow plate and the adjacent first flow guide plate.
  • the second guide path includes a connected second guide path inlet and a second guide path outlet, and the second guide path
  • the inlet is arranged corresponding to the magnet steel unit, and the end of the magnet steel unit is located at the inlet of the second flow guiding path.
  • outlets of the second guide path are located on the side wall of the second guide plate, and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second guide plate.
  • the number of outlets of the second guide path is a multiple of the number of poles of the rotor.
  • the diversion hole is provided corresponding to the inlet of the first diversion path.
  • a stator assembly is also included, arranged outside the rotor, and the stator assembly includes a stator core and a winding wound on the stator core.
  • the rotor unit includes a rotor punch and a plurality of magnet steel units located on the rotor punch, wherein the magnet steel unit is composed of magnet steel with a hole structure in the magnet steel; on the one hand, the amount of magnet steel is reduced due to the hole structure in the magnet steel The cost is reduced, and at the same time, due to the existence of the pore structure, the production of the magnetic steel is conducive to the adoption of the diffusion process, which can also reduce the cost; on the other hand, due to the existence of the pore structure, the eddy current on the magnetic steel is suppressed to a certain extent path, thereby reducing eddy current losses. At the same time, the optimized combination of these holes can further reduce the harmonics generated by the rotor.
  • the motor structure includes a rotor, and the rotor is composed of a plurality of rotor units. Since the magnetic steel in the rotor unit has a hole structure, the hole structure reduces the amount of magnetic steel forming the rotor on the one hand, and suppresses the eddy current on the other hand. Effect, improve the working efficiency of the motor, and can also be used as a channel for direct cooling of the magnetic steel.
  • the motor structure includes a rotor and a first guide plate, the rotor includes a first rotor group and a second rotor group, one rotor unit in the first rotor group and one rotor unit in the second rotor group
  • the rotor units are arranged adjacent to each other, the first deflector has a central hole and is located between the two adjacent rotor units; the central shaft passes through the center of the rotor and the central hole, and the central shaft is provided with There are diversion holes, and the diversion holes, the first diversion path, and the hole structure are designed to communicate; in this way, when the motor structure feeds coolant into the central shaft, due to the guide
  • the flow hole, the first flow guide path, and the hole structure are connected to each other, and the cooling liquid can flow out from the central axis, pass through the flow guide hole, the first flow guide path, and then enter the In the hole structure in the magnetic steel, rapid cooling of the magnetic steel and the rotor is realized.
  • the second magnetic steel unit interface is set corresponding to the magnetic steel unit, and the ends of the magnetic steel units on both sides of the interlayer connection plate are located in the second magnetic steel unit interface; the layer The inter-layer connection plate realizes the connection between the rotor units on both sides.
  • the interface of the second magnetic steel unit on the interlayer connection plate is set correspondingly to the magnetic steel unit, the interface of the second magnetic steel unit Through the interlayer connection plate, communication is formed between the magnetic steel units on both sides of the interlayer connection plate, so that the cooling liquid can pass through the interlayer connection plate after coming out of the first deflector plate Finally, cooling of the rotor units on both sides of the interlayer connection plate can be achieved, thereby achieving the effect of cooling the magnetic steel and the rotor, reducing the temperature effect generated by the motor structure during use, and reducing energy consumption.
  • the second guide plate has a second guide path
  • the second guide path includes a second guide path inlet and a second guide path outlet connected to each other, and the second guide path inlet and
  • the magnetic steel unit is arranged correspondingly, and the end of the magnetic steel unit is located in the entrance of the second flow guide path; the cooling liquid in the magnet steel enters the entrance of the second flow guide path, and then flows from the The outlet of the second diversion path mentioned above can realize the cooling of the stator core and the winding in the motor, greatly reducing the temperature generated during the use of the motor, and improving the heat dissipation capacity and performance of the motor structure.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a rotor unit in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a 1/8 rotor unit in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the front view of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4a is a plan view
  • Fig. 4b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 4a;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5a is a plan view
  • Fig. 5b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 5a;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6a is a plan view
  • Fig. 6b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 6a;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7a is a plan view
  • Fig. 7b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 7a;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 8a is a plan view
  • Fig. 8b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 8a;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 9a is a plan view
  • Fig. 9b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 9a;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in yet another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 10a is a plan view
  • Fig. 10b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 10a;
  • Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of segmented oblique poles of the rotor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is an axial sectional view of a motor structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is an axial sectional view of a motor structure in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is the front view of 13;
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of Fig. 13 omitting parts outside the rotor;
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a first deflector plate in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a sectional view of Figure 16
  • Fig. 18 is a structural diagram of the relationship between the first deflector plate and the magnetic steel units on both sides in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic structural view of an interlayer guide plate in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a perspective view of Figure 19;
  • Fig. 21 is a structural diagram of the relationship between the interlayer guide plate and the magnetic steel units on both sides in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic structural view of the central axis in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a second deflector plate in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 24 is a structural diagram of the relationship between the second deflector plate and the magnetic steel unit in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the commonly used methods to reduce the temperature rise of the motor are mainly divided into two categories: reduce the loss of the motor or improve the heat dissipation capacity of the motor. Copper consumption, optimizing the structure of the stator and rotor to reduce the harmonic content, etc.; improving the heat dissipation capacity of the motor is mainly to optimize the cooling method of the motor.
  • the heat dissipation capacity of the cooling method from high to low is: water-cooled or oil-cooled stator-rotor comprehensive cooling, stator Single water cooling, natural or forced air cooling.
  • the end part either involves a spray system, and the cooling structure is complex, which cannot guarantee the uniformity of the cooling effect of the entire motor, especially the magnetic steel, and the cooling effect of the magnetic steel is limited, and the overall cost of the entire motor is too high.
  • the inventor found through research that a hole structure is set in the magnetic steel; on the one hand, due to the hole structure in the magnetic steel, the consumption of the magnetic steel is reduced and the cost is reduced, and at the same time, due to the existence of the hole structure, the eddy current inside the magnetic steel The path is suppressed to a certain extent, thereby reducing the loss of the magnetic steel; at the same time, the design of these holes is very conducive to the production and implementation of the magnetic steel infiltration process, especially for thicker magnetic steel, which can effectively solve the problem that the inside cannot be infiltrated , and avoid the uneven distribution of coercive force in the thickness direction of the magnetic steel;
  • the motor structure includes a rotor, and the rotor is composed of a plurality of rotor units. Since the magnetic steel in the rotor unit has a hole structure, through the rational layout design of these hole structures, the motor can be reduced to a certain extent.
  • the harmonic magnetomotive force generated by the rotor can achieve the purpose of optimizing the motor loss and electromagnetic force.
  • the motor structure includes a rotor and a first guide plate
  • the rotor includes a first rotor group and a second rotor group, and one rotor unit in the first rotor group and the second rotor unit
  • One of the rotor units in the group is arranged adjacently
  • the first deflector has a central hole and is located between the two adjacently arranged rotor units;
  • the central shaft passes through the center of the rotor and the central hole,
  • a diversion hole is provided on the central shaft, and the diversion hole, the first diversion path, and the hole structure are designed to communicate with each other;
  • the cooling liquid can flow out from the central axis, pass through the guide hole, the first guide After the passage, it enters into the hole structure in the magnetic steel, thereby realizing rapid cooling of the magnetic steel and the rotor.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rotor unit in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a 1/8 rotor unit in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rotor unit in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a 1/8 rotor unit in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rotor unit in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a 1/8 rotor unit in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rotor unit in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a 1/8 rotor unit in Fig. 1
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention in an embodiment The schematic structural view of the magnetic steel unit, Figure 4a is a plan view, and Figure 4b is a perspective view corresponding to Figure 4a;
  • Figure 5 is a structural schematic view of a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5a is a plan view, and Figure 5b is a corresponding perspective view of Figure 5a
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6a is a plan view, and Figure 6b is a perspective view corresponding to Figure 6a;
  • Figure 7 is a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention Structural schematic diagram, FIG. 7a is a plan view, and FIG. 7b is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 7a;
  • FIG. 7 is a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention Structural schematic diagram, FIG. 7a is a plan view, and FIG. 7b is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 7a;
  • FIG. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 8a is a plan view, and FIG. 8b is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 8a;
  • 9 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 9a is a plan view, and Fig. 9b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 9a;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 10a is a plan view, and FIG. 10b is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 10a.
  • the rotor unit 100 includes a rotor punch 101 and a magnetic steel unit 102 .
  • the magnetic steel unit 102 is composed of a magnetic steel 103 located on the rotor punch 101;
  • the hole structure 104 is located in the magnetic steel 103 .
  • the hole structure 104 is provided in the magnet steel 103. Due to the existence of the hole structure 104, not only the material used to form the magnet steel 103 is effectively reduced, but also the magnet steel The direct cooling of the magnet 103 provides channels, and at the same time can reduce the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel 103 to a certain extent.
  • the magnetic steel 103 is inserted into the rotor punch 101 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a process diagram of inserting the magnetic steel 103 into the rotor punch 101 .
  • sintered LuFeB magnets are mostly used, and in order to obtain higher temperature resistance, higher internal coercive force is required.
  • the raw material formula especially the magnetic steel formula of the traditional production process, needs to increase the content of heavy rare earth dysprosium or terbium.
  • the maximum temperature of the magnetic steel with the pore structure is reduced due to the reduced eddy current loss and the ability to be directly cooled, that is, the requirement for high temperature resistance performance is reduced. Therefore, the original use of these heavy rare earth elements can be reduced or even eliminated, thus reducing the cost of raw materials for the production of the magnetic steel will further reduce the total cost of the magnetic steel.
  • the heavy rare earth agar or the target can directly enter the interior of the magnetic steel, which can effectively overcome the gradient problem after infiltration, improve the effect of infiltration, and reduce the difficulty of infiltration .
  • the magnetic steel will be modified, that is, a kind of infiltration process.
  • This process is based on the low coercive force grade magnetic steel base material, which is coated with heavy rare earth agar on its surface or adopts the target magnetron sputtering method, and uses the microstructure characteristics of NdFeB material to allow heavy rare earth elements to penetrate into the on the grain boundaries, thereby improving the overall anti-demagnetization performance of the magnetic steel.
  • This new production process can still obtain the same high anti-demagnetization performance under the condition of reducing the amount of heavy rare earth materials, so it is widely popular.
  • the characteristic of this process is that there is a certain requirement for the thickness of the orientation direction of the magnetic steel, that is, for a magnetic steel that is too thick, due to the limited depth of penetration, the anti-demagnetization ability will show a certain gradient phenomenon.
  • the anti-demagnetization ability of the middlemost part of the magnetic steel is very limited, and the existence of the pore structure provides opportunities for penetration.
  • the hole structure 104 runs through the magnetic steel 103 .
  • the hole structure 104 can be used not only as a channel for subsequent coolant flow, but also as an inlet of the infiltration process, and can realize the cutting of the magnetic force lines to reduce the generation of eddy currents.
  • the magnetic steel 103 is provided with a plurality of the hole structures 104 to form a honeycomb shape.
  • a single hole structure 104 may also be provided in the magnetic steel 103 .
  • the hole structure 104 adopts a circular hole.
  • the hole structure 104 may also adopt one or more combinations of circular holes, triangular holes or rectangular holes.
  • the hole structure 104 adopts a single hole structure.
  • the pore structure 104 also adopts a stacked pore structure.
  • the pore structure includes a first pore structure and a second pore structure, and the first pore structure and the second pore structure The second hole structures communicate with each other.
  • the number of the first pore structure and the number of the second pore structure may or may not be the same.
  • the hole structure adopts a stacked hole structure
  • the first hole structure does not penetrate the entire interior of the magnetic steel
  • the second hole structure does not penetrate the entire interior of the magnetic steel, but the first hole structure and the second hole structure communicate with each other throughout the inside of the magnetic steel, and the first hole structure and the second hole structure are formed in the magnetic steel by layer arrangement.
  • the first pore structure and the second pore structure may be a single pore structure, or a stacked pore structure.
  • the pore structure includes a first pore structure and an Nth pore structure (N ⁇ 2), and the first pore structure and the Nth pore structure communicate with each other, and the penetration may be direct penetration or indirect penetration , the through direction can be along any one or several directions of length, width or thickness.
  • the magnetic steel unit 102 is composed of a magnetic steel 103 .
  • the number of the magnetic steel units 102 is 8, which are evenly distributed on the rotor punching piece 101 along the circumferential direction of the center hole of the rotor unit.
  • the number of the magnetic steel units 102 can also be 6, 4, etc. different numbers.
  • the height of the magnet steel 103 is the same as the thickness of the rotor punch 101, that is, after the magnet steel 103 is inserted into the rotor punch 101, the plane of the magnet steel 103 is the same as the thickness of the rotor punch 101.
  • the planes of the rotor punches 101 are flush.
  • the height of the magnet steel 103 may be smaller than the thickness of the rotor punch 101, that is, after the magnet steel 103 is inserted into the rotor punch 101, the plane of the magnet steel 103 is lower than that of the rotor punch 101. on the plane of the rotor punching plate 101 .
  • the magnetic steel unit 102 is clamped on the rotor punch, that is, the rotor punch is provided with a magnetic steel slot, and the magnetic steel 103 is snapped into the magnetic steel slot.
  • the magnetic steel unit 102 includes a plurality of magnetic steels.
  • the magnet unit includes one magnet.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4a is a plan view
  • Fig. 4b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 4a.
  • the magnet 103 includes a first magnet 105 and a second magnet 106.
  • the sizes of the first magnet 105 and the second magnet 106 are Different settings.
  • the magnetic steel groove corresponds to the magnetic steel groove 107 of the first magnetic steel 105 and the magnetic steel groove 108 of the second magnetic steel 106 .
  • the number of the first magnetic steel 105 is two; in other embodiments, the number of the first magnetic steel 105 can also be one, three and other different numbers, which are designed according to actual needs Just design it.
  • the two first magnets 105 are arranged in a "V” shape; in other embodiments, the first magnets may also be in a "W” shape. Type arrangement relationship, "one" font arrangement relationship, etc.
  • the number of the second magnets 106 is two; in other embodiments, the number of the second magnets 106 can also be one, three or other different numbers, which can be designed according to actual needs Just design it.
  • the two second magnets 106 are arranged in a "V” shape; in other embodiments, the second magnets 106 may also be in a "W” shape. Arrangement relationship, "one" font arrangement relationship, etc.
  • FIG. 5 a schematic structural diagram of the magnetic steel unit in another embodiment
  • FIG. 5 a is a plan view
  • FIG. 5 b is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 5 a;
  • FIG. 6 a schematic structural diagram of the magnetic steel unit in another embodiment
  • FIG. 6a is a plan view
  • FIG. 6b is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 6a;
  • FIG. 7 a schematic structural diagram of the magnetic steel unit in another embodiment
  • FIG. 7a is a plan view
  • FIG. 7b is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 7a ;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the magnetic steel unit in another embodiment.
  • FIG. 8a is a plan view
  • FIG. 8b is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 8a;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 9a is a plan view
  • Fig. 9b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 9a;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic steel unit in yet another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 10a is a plan view
  • Fig. 10b is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. 10a.
  • an oval hole 109 is also provided between the two first magnets.
  • the elliptical hole 109 serves as a channel hole for a magnetic isolation bridge (rib).
  • a first lightening hole 110 and a second lightening hole 111 are also opened on the rotor punching plate 101 .
  • the rotor 200 includes a plurality of the rotor units 100 described above.
  • Fig. 11a is a schematic diagram of the structure in the axial direction
  • Fig. 11b is a schematic diagram of the structure in the circumferential direction.
  • the rotor 200 adopts a segmented oblique pole structure.
  • the rotor may not adopt a segmented oblique pole structure.
  • the number of the rotor units 100 is six.
  • the number of the rotor units can also be 5, 8, etc. different numbers.
  • the rotor is in a "V" shape in the circumferential direction.
  • the rotor in the circumferential direction, has a "one"-shaped structure, etc., which can be designed according to actual requirements.
  • the motor structure 500 includes the rotor 200 .
  • the rotor 200 is composed of a plurality of the rotor units 100 .
  • the rotor 200 has the hole structure 104.
  • the amount of magnetic steel used to form the rotor is reduced, and at the same time, the cutting of the magnetic force lines is realized during the operation of the motor, so that the eddy current effect can be reduced. Reduce energy loss and improve the working efficiency of the motor.
  • the motor structure 500 further includes a central shaft 501 , a stator core 502 and a winding 503 .
  • the central shaft 501 , stator core 502 , winding 503 , housing, oil inlet pipeline, oil inlet, oil outlet and other components that constitute the motor structure 500 are all existing, and will not be illustrated here one by one.
  • the motor structure 400 includes a rotor 200 , a first guide plate 401 , and a central shaft 402 .
  • FIG. 15 in order to highlight the arrangement relationship of the magnetic steels, some of the rotor punches are omitted.
  • the rotor 200 includes a first rotor group 403 and a second rotor group 404, one rotor unit 100 in the first rotor group 403 and one rotor unit 100 in the second rotor group 404 are arranged adjacently ;
  • the first deflector plate 401 has a central hole 409 and is located between two adjacent rotor units 100;
  • the central shaft 402 passes through the center of the rotor and the central hole 409, the central shaft is provided with a diversion hole 405, the diversion hole 405, the first diversion path, the hole structure 104 connection design.
  • the first rotor group 403 includes a plurality of rotor units 100
  • the second rotor group 404 includes a plurality of rotor units 100 .
  • first rotor set 403 may also include one rotor unit 100
  • second rotor set 404 may also include one rotor unit 100 .
  • the number of the rotor units 100 in the first rotor group 403 is the same as the number of the rotor units 100 in the second rotor group 404 .
  • the number of the rotor units 100 in the first rotor group 403 and the number of the rotor units 100 in the second rotor group 404 may also be different.
  • the first guide path is located in the first guide plate 401 and includes a connected first guide path inlet 406 and a first guide path outlet 408, and the first guide path inlet 406 is located on the side wall of the central hole 409, and the outlet 408 of the first guide path is set corresponding to the magnetic steel unit.
  • the coolant after the coolant enters from the central shaft 402, it flows out from the guide hole 405 to the first guide path in the first guide plate 401, and from the first guide
  • the entrance of the path enters the outlet 408 of the first diversion path, and the outlet 408 of the first diversion path is set corresponding to the magnetic steel unit 102.
  • the cooling liquid is drawn from the hole structure 104 in the magnetic steel.
  • the outlet 408 of the first flow guide path flows into the hole structure 104 to realize the cooling effect on the magnetic steel.
  • the oil-cooled design of this rotor can reduce the coercive force grade of the magnetic steel to achieve The first step is to reduce costs.
  • the magnetic steel adopts a special digging design.
  • it not only ensures the direct cooling effect of the magnetic steel, but also further reduces the amount of the magnetic steel, achieving a secondary cost reduction. purpose; at the same time, after the optimization of the design of the magnetic steel by digging holes, not only the weight of the rotor design can be reduced, but also the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel can be further reduced, which not only reduces the heat source, but also improves the working efficiency of the motor; After the rotor temperature is lowered, the yield resistance of the motor at the highest speed is also improved to a certain extent.
  • the rotor 200 adopts a "V" shaped oblique pole structure.
  • the rotor 200 may also adopt a "one" shaped oblique pole structure.
  • the number of the rotor units 100 in the first rotor group 403 is different from the number of the rotor units 100 in the second rotor group 404
  • the optimal design of the first deflector plate 401 is to be designed in the middle part of the rotor 200, that is, one side of the first deflector plate 401 is the first rotor group 403, and the other side is the first rotor group 403.
  • Side is the second rotor set 404 .
  • the first deflector plate 401 can also be located between two adjacent rotor units 100 in the first rotor group 403 , or located in the second rotor group 404 Between two adjacent rotor units 100 .
  • the rotor 200 adopts a “one” shape oblique pole structure, and the number of the rotor units 100 in the first rotor group 403 is the same as the number of the rotor units 100 in the second rotor group 404 When the number of is an odd number, the rotor unit located at the center of the rotor 200 is selected at this time, and it is cut into two sub-rotor units with relatively thin thickness.
  • the first deflector plate 401 is located at the two relatively thin between the sub-rotor units.
  • the number of the rotor units 100 in the first rotor group 403 is the same as that in the second rotor group 404
  • select any rotor unit located in the rotor 200 at this time and cut it into two sub-rotor units with relatively thin thickness.
  • the first guide plate 401 Located between two relatively thin sub-rotor units.
  • the first deflector plate 401 Please refer to FIG. 16 to FIG. 17 , the first deflector plate 401 .
  • the first guide plate 401 also has a first magnetic steel unit interface 407, the first magnetic steel unit interface 407 runs through the first guide plate 401, and the first magnetic steel unit
  • the side wall of the unit interface 407 exposes the outlet 408 of the first guide path, and the ends of the magnetic steel units on both sides of the first guide plate are located at the interface of the first magnetic steel unit.
  • the outlet 408 of the first diversion path includes a diversion outlet 410 of a magnetic isolation bridge, a diversion outlet 411 of a first magnet steel, and a diversion outlet 412 of a second magnet steel.
  • the side wall of the first magnetic steel unit interface 407 exposes the first magnetic steel flow guide outlet 411 and the second magnetic steel flow guide outlet 412, and the magnetic separation bridge flow guide outlet 410 It is located in the channel hole of the magnetic isolation bridge (rib).
  • the first flow guide path 413 includes a radial flow guide path 414, a first magnet steel flow guide path 415, and a second magnet steel flow guide path 416, and the first magnet steel flow guide path 415 is located at the Both sides of the radial flow guide path are distributed symmetrically, and the second magnet steel flow guide path 416 is located on both sides of the radial flow guide path 414 and distributed symmetrically.
  • the first flow guide path inlet 406 is set corresponding to the first flow guide path 413, specifically, the first flow guide path inlet is set corresponding to the radial flow guide path, and the first flow guide path The flow path inlet is located at the end of the radial flow path.
  • the inlet 406 of the first diversion path is located corresponding to the diversion hole 405 .
  • the side wall of the first magnet steel unit interface 407 exposes the first magnet steel outlet 411 and the second magnet steel outlet 412 .
  • Fig. 18 shows a structural diagram of the relationship between the first deflector plate 401 and the magnetic steel units on both sides.
  • the interlayer land 301 Please refer to FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 , the interlayer land 301 .
  • the interlayer connection plate 301 has a second magnetic steel unit interface 302, and the second magnetic steel unit interface 302 runs through the interlayer connection plate.
  • the second magnetic steel unit interface 302 runs through the interlayer connection plate, the rotor 200 adopts a skewed pole structure, and the holes in the two adjacent rotor units 100 The structure is inclined at a certain angle, so that the hole structure between two adjacent rotor units 100 can be communicated by using the second magnetic steel unit interface 302 on the interlayer connection plate 301, thereby realizing Coolant flow.
  • the interlayer connection plate includes a front side and a back side, and the second magnetic steel unit interface located on the front side of the interlayer connection plate is divided into a first magnetic steel front interface 303 and a second magnetic steel front interface 304;
  • the second magnetic steel unit interface on the reverse side of the interlayer connection pad is divided into a first magnetic steel reverse surface interface 305 and a second magnetic steel reverse surface interface 306 .
  • the second magnetic steel unit interface 302 is provided corresponding to the magnetic steel unit 102 , and the ends of the magnetic steel units on both sides of the interlayer connection plate are located in the second magnetic steel unit interface.
  • the end of the first magnet and the end of the second magnet located on the front side of the interlayer connection pad are respectively located at the front interface 303 of the first magnet.
  • the end of the first magnetic steel and the end of the second magnetic steel located on the opposite side of the interlayer connection plate are respectively located at the interface on the reverse side of the first magnetic steel 305 and the interface 306 on the opposite side of the second magnetic steel.
  • the central shaft 402 is a hollow shaft, and the central shaft 402 is provided with a guide hole 405 for diffusing the cooling liquid in the central shaft 402 to the surrounding structures such as the rotor 200 .
  • the cooling liquid flows out from the hole structure 104, and due to the existence of the interlayer land 301, the cooling liquid continuously flows from the hole structure in one rotor unit 100, into the hole structure 104 in the adjacent rotor unit 100, so that the cooling liquid is transferred in the rotor step by step, thereby realizing the cooling effect on the rotor.
  • the interlayer connection pad 301 also has a front interface 307 and a back interface 308 of a magnetic isolation bridge (rib) channel 109, and the front interface 307 and the back interface of the magnetic isolation bridge (rib) channel are connected to
  • the magnetic isolation bridge (rib) channel on the first deflector plate 401 is correspondingly arranged, so that in the process of cooling liquid flowing, the cooling liquid can flow from the front interface 307 and the reverse interface of the magnetic isolation bridge (rib) channel.
  • 308 flows to the surface of the rotor punch 101 , so as to realize the cooling effect on the rotor punch 101 .
  • the axial channel of the interlayer connection plate 301 is connected in a continuous inclined manner, so that the cooling liquid can circulate between two adjacent stacks of the rotor units 100 .
  • the interlayer lands on the left and right sides of the rotor unit 100 are just mirror images. This is because the rotor adopts segmented oblique poles. Except that the physical position angles of the two middle rotor units are the same, the other adjacent rotor units will have a mechanical angle of 2.5 degrees in the circumferential direction, so it is impossible to use direct penetration.
  • the interlayer lands conduct current conduction.
  • a second deflector plate 600 is also included, located at the end of the rotor.
  • FIG. 24 shows a structural diagram of the relationship between the second deflector plate 600 and the magnetic steel unit 102 .
  • the second deflector plate and the adjacent first deflector plate is located between 401 .
  • the number of the second deflector plates 600 is two, which are respectively located at two ends of the rotor.
  • the second deflector plate 600 has a second deflector path, and the second deflector path includes a connected second deflector path inlet 601 and a second deflector path outlet 602.
  • the second guide path inlet 601 is disposed corresponding to the magnet steel unit 102 , and the end of the magnet steel unit 102 is located at the second guide path inlet 601 .
  • the size of the second guide path inlet 601 is smaller than the size of the end of the magnetic steel unit 102, but it can cover all the hole structures on the magnetic steel.
  • the purpose of this setting is to ensure that the cooling liquid The flow can be fully merged into the second guide plate, and the axial movement of the magnetic steel after long-term work loosening can be avoided.
  • the size of the second guide path inlet 601 may also be equal to the size of the end of the magnetic steel unit 102 .
  • the second guide path inlet 601 provides an inlet for the inflow of cooling liquid
  • the second guide path outlet 602 provides an outlet for the outflow of cooling liquid
  • the second flow guide path inlet 601 is also used as an inlet for collecting cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid flowing out of the hole structure is collected in the second flow guide path inlet.
  • the inlet 601 of the second guide path is also used as the inlet of the end of the magnet, and the ends of the magnet at both ends of the rotor just fall into the second guide path entrance.
  • outlets 602 of the second deflector path are located on the sidewall of the second deflector plate, and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second deflector plate 600 .
  • the number of outlets 602 of the second diversion path is a multiple of the number of poles of the rotor, and the multiple can be an integer multiple, such as 2 times, 3 times, etc., or a non-integer multiple, such as 2.5 times, 2.1 times, etc.
  • a stator assembly is also included, which is arranged on the outside of the rotor, and the stator assembly includes a stator core 700 and a winding 800 wound on the stator core.
  • the oil delivery pipe is located in the central shaft 402 .
  • the cooling liquid enters the inner cavity of the central shaft 402 of the rotor from the oil delivery pipe, and there is the guide hole 405 in the middle of the central shaft 402, and the cooling liquid flows from the guide
  • the orifice 405 enters the inner cavity of the first deflector plate 401, and enters the first rotor group 403 and the second rotor group 404 respectively from the left and right sides after passing through the adjustment direction of the first deflector plate 401.
  • the first deflector plate 401 Because there are three types of cooling channels in the first deflector plate 401, it is guaranteed that there are three types of cooling channels on the first rotor group and the second rotor group, namely, the first hole channel and the second hole channel , the middle channel of the magnetic isolation bridge (rib); but because the rotor usually adopts a segmented oblique pole method in order to eliminate harmonics, the three types of cooling channels between every two adjacent rotors are not directly connected. To allow the coolant to flow smoothly from the first guide plate to the second guide plate, except for the two rotor units on both sides of the first guide plate, the other two adjacent rotor units An interlayer connection plate is designed, and the second magnetic steel unit interface on the interlayer connection plate is used as a channel.
  • the shape of the steel unit is matched, so that the cooling liquid will always enter the second guide plate at both ends through the three types of cooling channels, and the thickness surface of the second guide plate has a uniform outlet of the second guide path along the circumferential direction , the coolant is sprayed to the end of the stator assembly of the motor through the outlet of the second guide path, and finally converges to the bottom of the housing, and flows out through the oil outlet hole.
  • This process realizes the cooling of the rotor, magnetic steel and stator assembly function to avoid the risk of overheating or demagnetization of the magnet in the high-speed area.

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Abstract

一种转子单元、转子及电机结构。其中转子单元（100）包括：转子冲片（101）；多个磁钢单元（102），由磁钢（103）组成，位于转子冲片（101）上；孔结构（104），位于磁钢（103）内。转子单元与导流盘一起形成转子组件，并结合空心轴和孔结构，形成含特殊冷却通道的电机结构。此结构可以同时直接冷却磁钢、转子铁心和定子绕组端部，具有良好的冷却效果。

Description

转子单元、转子及电机结构
本申请要求2021年6月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为2021107329166、发明名称为“转子单元、转子及电机结构”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车制造技术领域，尤其涉及一种转子单元、转子及电机结构。
背景技术
新能源汽车要求电机功率高、转矩大以满足良好的启动加速或爬坡能力；另一方面，由于乘用车空间有限，重量要求严格，电机必须具备高转矩和功率密度。永磁同步电机(PMSM)由于良好的调速能力和高转矩密度，在新能源汽车中得到广泛应用。近年来，随着新能源汽车电驱技术的不断迭代，对电机的最高转速与转矩功率密度的要求也愈发提高，但也随之带来了电机温度较高、散热困难、磁钢成本高等问题。
目前新能源电机厂商都在积极布局和发展定子扁铜线绕组技术，此技术可以较好地改善电机定子侧的温度。但扁铜线由于交流效应作用，在高速段会产生较大的交流损耗，因此降低扁线电机定转子在高速段的温升问题尤为重要；
另外，由于扁线工艺多采用整矩绕组，转子的涡流损耗严重，尤其在高速区域，加剧的涡流损耗会让磁钢温度过高，要求采用更高矫顽力牌号的磁钢。由于新能源汽车追求性价比的平衡，磁钢价格在整个电机里占比较大，磁钢矫顽力增加之后，成本随之增加。因此需要创新的设计，在保证电机性能、质量等参数满足需求时，磁钢或电机 成本也相对合理。
综上，如何有效降低磁钢成本，兼顾定转子同时直接冷却，这是目前急需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题是提供一种转子单元、转子及电机结构，可以有效降低磁钢成本，同时应用在电机中能够实现对磁钢、转子、定子的直接降温冷却，且减少涡流效应，降低成本，大大的扩大了电机的优化和使用范围。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种转子单元，包括：转子冲片；多个磁钢单元，由磁钢组成位于所述转子冲片上；孔结构，位于所述磁钢内。
可选的，所述孔结构贯穿所述磁钢。
可选的，所述磁钢单元包括一个磁钢或者多个磁钢。
可选的，所述孔结构采用圆形孔、三角形孔、矩形孔或其它孔形状中的一种或者多种组合。
可选的，所述孔结构采用单一孔结构或者叠孔结构，当所述孔结构采用叠孔结构时，所述孔结构包括第一孔结构和第二孔结构，所述第一孔结构和所述第二孔结构相互贯通。
相应的，本发明还提供一种转子，包括多个上述的转子单元。
相应的，本发明还提供一种电机结构，包括：上述的转子。
相应的，本发明再提供一种电机结构包括：上述的转子，所述转子包括第一转子组和第二转子组，所述第一转子组内的一个所述转子单元和所述第二转子组内的一个所述转子单元毗邻设置；第一导流盘，具有中心孔且位于毗邻设置的两个所述转子单元之间，所述第一 导流盘内具有第一导流路径；中心轴，穿过所述转子的中心和所述中心孔，所述中心轴上设有导流孔，所述导流孔、所述第一导流路径、所述孔结构之间连通设计。
可选的，所述转子采用“V”形斜极结构或者“一”形斜极结构。
可选的，当所述转子采用“一”形斜极时，且所述第一转子组内的所述转子单元的数量与所述第二转子组内的所述转子单元的数量之和为奇数，剖开任一所述转子单元，所述第一导流盘位于两半的所述转子单元内。
可选的，所述第一导流路径包括连通的第一导流路径入口和第一导流路径出口，所述第一导流路径入口位于所述中心孔的侧壁上。
可选的，所述第一导流盘上还具有第一磁钢单元接口，所述第一磁钢单元接口贯穿所述第一导流盘，所述第一导流路径出口与所述第一磁钢单元接口对应设置，第一磁钢单元接口的侧壁暴露出所述第一导流路径出口，所述第一导流盘两侧的所述磁钢单元的端部位于所述第一磁钢单元接口处。
可选的，所述第一转子组内的所述转子单元的数量为一个或者多个，所述第二转子组内的所述转子单元的数量为一个或者多个。
可选的，当所述第一转子组内的所述转子单元的数量为多个，所述第二转子内的所述转子单元的数量为多个，还包括多个层间连接盘，位于所述第一转子组内的相邻所述转子单元之间和所述第二转子单元内的相邻所述转子单元之间。
可选的，所述层间连接盘上具有第二磁钢单元接口，所述第二磁钢单元接口贯穿所述层间连接盘。
可选的，所述第二磁钢单元接口与所述磁钢单元对应设置，所述层间连接盘两侧的所述磁钢单元的端部位于所述第二磁钢单元接口处。
可选的，还包括第二导流盘，位于所述转子的端部，所述第二导流盘与相邻的所述层间连接盘之间具有所述转子单元或者所述第二导流盘与相邻的所述第一导流盘之间具有所述转子单元。
可选的，所述第二导流盘上具有第二导流路径，所述第二导流路径包括连通的第二导流路径入口和第二导流路径出口，所述第二导流路径入口与所述磁钢单元对应设置，所述磁钢单元的端部位于所述第二导流路径入口处。
可选的，所述第二导流路径出口位于所述第二导流盘侧壁上，沿着所述第二导流盘的周向均匀分布。
可选的，所述第二导流路径出口的数量为所述转子的极数的倍数。
可选的，所述导流孔与所述第一导流路径入口对应设置。
可选的，还包括定子组件，设置在所述转子的外侧，所述定子组件包括定子铁芯和绕在所述定子铁芯上的绕组。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案具有以下优点：
转子单元包括转子冲片和位于转子冲片上的多个磁钢单元，其中磁钢单元由磁钢组成，磁钢内具有孔结构；一方面由于磁钢内具有孔结构，减少了磁钢的用量降低了成本，同时由于所述孔结构的存在，磁钢生产时有助于采用扩散工艺，也可以降低成本；另外一方面由于所述孔结构的存在，一定程度地抑制了磁钢上的涡流路径，从而减少涡流的损耗。同时，这些孔通过优化组合还能进一步降低转子产生的谐波。
电机结构包括转子，所述转子由多个转子单元组成，由于所述转子单元内的磁钢内具有孔结构，所述孔结构一方面减少了形成转子的磁钢的用量，一方面抑制了涡流效应，提高电机的工作效率，同时还可以作为磁钢直接冷却的通道。
电机结构包括转子和第一导流盘，所述转子包括第一转子组和第二转子组，所述第一转子组内的一个所述转子单元和所述第二转子组内的一个所述转子单元毗邻设置，第一导流盘，具有中心孔且位于毗邻设置的两个所述转子单元之间；中心轴，穿过所述转子的中心和所述中心孔，所述中心轴上设有导流孔，所述导流孔、所述第一导流路径、所述孔结构之间连通设计；这样当所述电机结构向所述中心轴内通入冷却液时，由于所述导流孔、所述第一导流路径以及所述孔结构之间连通设计，冷却液可以从所述中心轴流出，经过所述导流孔、所述第一导流路径后，进入到所述磁钢内的所述孔结构内，从而实现了对磁钢和所述转子的快速冷却。
进一步，所述第二磁钢单元接口与所述磁钢单元对应设置，所述层间连接盘两侧的所述磁钢单元的端部位于所述第二磁钢单元接口内；所述层间连接盘实现两侧的所述转子单元之间的连接，由于所述层间连接盘上的所述第二磁钢单元接口与所述磁钢单元对应设置，所述第二磁钢单元接口贯穿所述层间连接盘，这样所述层间连接盘两侧的所述磁钢单元之间形成连通，这样冷却液可以从所述第一导流盘出来后，经过所述层间连接盘后能够实现对所述层间连接盘两侧的所述转子单元的冷却，从而达到冷却磁钢和转子的效果，降低所述电机结构在使用过程中产生的温度效应，减少能耗。
进一步，所述第二导流盘上具有第二导流路径，所述第二导流路径包括连通的第二导流路径入口和第二导流路径出口，所述第二导流路径入口与所述磁钢单元对应设置，所述磁钢单元的端部位于所述第二导流路径入口内；所述磁钢内的冷却液进入到所述第二导流路径入口内，再从所述第二导流路径出口出来，从而实现对电机内的定子铁芯和绕组的冷却，大大的降低了电机在使用过程中产生的温度，提高了电机结构的散热能力和使用性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例中转子单元的结构示意图；
图2为图1中1/8的转子单元的结构示意图；
图3为图2的主视图；
图4为本发明在一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图4a为平面图，图4b为图4a对应的立体图；
图5为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图5a为平面图，图5b为图5a对应的立体图；
图6为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图6a为平面图，图6b为图6a对应的立体图；
图7为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图7a为平面图，图7b为图7a对应的立体图；
图8为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图8a为平面图，图8b为图8a对应的立体图；
图9为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图9a为平面图，图9b为图9a对应的立体图；
图10为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图10a为平面图，图10b为图10a对应的立体图；
图11为本发明一实施例中转子分段斜极的结构示意图；
图12为本发明一实施例中电机结构的轴向剖面图；
图13为本发明另一实施例中电机结构的轴向剖面图；
图14为13的主视图；
图15为图13中省略转子外部的部件的结构示意图；
图16为本发明一实施例中第一导流盘的结构示意图；
图17为图16的剖面图；
图18为本发明一实施例中第一导流盘与两侧磁钢单元之间的关 系结构图；
图19为本发明一实施例中层间导流盘的结构示意图；
图20为图19的立体图；
图21为本发明一实施例中层间导流盘与两侧磁钢单元之间的关系结构图；
图22本发明一实施例中中心轴的结构示意图；
图23为本发明一实施例中第二导流盘的结构示意图；
图24为本发明一实施例中第二导流盘与磁钢单元之间的关系结构图。
具体实施方式
目前常用的降低电机温升的方法主要分为两类：降低电机损耗或提高电机的散热能力，降低电机损耗主要通过优化电机的电磁设计实现，如选用铁损更低的硅钢片牌号、增大铜用量、优化定转子结构降低谐波含量等；提高电机的散热能力主要是优化电机的冷却方式，一般的，冷却方式散热能力由高到低依次为：水冷或油冷定转子综合冷却，定子单水冷冷却，自然或强迫风冷却。
发明人研究发现，针对以上这些冷却方式，尤其是水冷或油冷定转子综合冷却，有各种不同的设计方式或结构被提出，但是这些冷却方式和结构要么只能一定程度冷却定子铁心和绕组端部，要么涉及喷淋系统，冷却结构复杂，无法保证整个电机局部尤其是磁钢冷却效果的均匀性，且磁钢的冷却效果有限，且整个电机综合成本过高。
因此，发明人通过研究发现，在磁钢内设置孔结构；一方面由于磁钢内具有孔结构，减少了磁钢的用量降低了成本，同时由于所述孔结构的存在，磁钢内部的涡流路径收到一定程度的抑制，从而降低了磁钢损耗；同时，这些孔设计十分有利于磁钢渗透工艺的生产实施，尤其是针对厚度较大的磁钢，既可以有效解决内部无法渗入的问题， 又避免了磁钢厚度方向矫顽力分布不均的现象；。
发明人还研究发现，电机结构包括转子，所述转子由多个转子单元组成，由于所述转子单元内的磁钢内具有孔结构，通过这些孔结构的合理布局设计，可以一定程度减小电机转子产生的谐波磁动势，从而达到优化电机损耗和电磁力的目的。
发明人研究还发现，电机结构包括转子和第一导流盘，所述转子包括第一转子组和第二转子组，所述第一转子组内的一个所述转子单元和所述第二转子组内的一个所述转子单元毗邻设置，第一导流盘，具有中心孔且位于毗邻设置的两个所述转子单元之间；中心轴，穿过所述转子的中心和所述中心孔，所述中心轴上设有导流孔，所述导流孔、所述第一导流路径、所述孔结构之间连通设计；这样当所述电机结构向所述中心轴内通入冷却液时，由于所述导流孔、所述第一导流路径以及所述孔结构之间连通设计，冷却液可以从所述中心轴流出，经过所述导流孔、所述第一导流路径后，进入到所述磁钢内的所述孔结构内，从而实现了对磁钢和所述转子的快速冷却。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
图1为本发明一实施例中转子单元的结构示意图；图2为图1中1/8的转子单元的结构示意图；图3为图2的主视图；图4为本发明在一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图4a为平面图，图4b为图4a对应的立体图；图5为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图5a为平面图，图5b为图5a对应的立体图；图6为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图6a为平面图，图6b为图6a对应的立体图；图7为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图7a为平面图，图7b为图7a对应的立体图；图8为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图8a为平面图，图8b为图8a对应的立体图；图9为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图9a为平面图，图9b为图9a对应的立体图；图10为本发明 在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图10a为平面图，图10b为图10a对应的立体图。
请参考图1至图3，转子单元100包括转子冲片101，磁钢单元102。
所述磁钢单元102由磁钢103组成位于所述转子冲片101上；
孔结构104，位于所述磁钢103内。
在本实施例中，所述磁钢103内设有所述孔结构104，由于所述孔结构104的存在，不但有效降低了形成所述磁钢103的材料用料，还为所述磁钢103的直接冷却提供了通道，同时还可以一定程度降低所述磁钢103的涡流损耗。
在本实施例中，所述磁钢103是插入到所述转子冲片101内的。
图2显示了所述磁钢103插入到所述转子冲片101内的一个过程图。
在本实施例中，结合目前车用永磁电机多采用烧结吕铁硼磁钢材料，且为了获取更高的耐温性能，需要更高的内秉矫顽力，一般为了获取更高的内秉矫顽力，原料配方尤其是传统生产工艺的磁钢配方中需要增加重稀土镝或铽的含量。具有所述孔结构的所述磁钢由于自身涡流损耗降低，加上能被直接冷却，所以其最高温度会降低，即其耐高温性能需求会降低。因此原先这些重稀土元素可以减少使用甚至不用，由此所述磁钢生产原料成本的减小会进一步降低所述磁钢的总成本。
在本实施例中，由于所述孔结构104的存在，重稀土琼浆或者靶材可以直接进入到所述磁钢内部，可以有效克服渗透之后的梯度问题，提高渗透的效果，降低了渗透的难度。这是因为在实际应用中，会对所述磁钢进行改性处理，即一种渗透工艺。这种工艺基于较低矫顽力牌号磁钢基材，在其表面涂敷含重稀土琼浆或采用靶材磁控溅射方式，利用钕铁硼材料的微观结构特性，让重稀土元素渗透到晶界上， 从而提高所述磁钢整体抗退磁的性能。这种新型生产工艺可以在减小重稀土用料的条件下仍能获得同样的高抗退磁性能，因此广受流行。但是这种工艺的特点是对磁钢取向方向的厚度有一定要求，即对于太厚的磁钢，由于渗透的深度有限，抗退磁能力会呈现一定的梯度现象。在某些极限情况下，磁钢最中间的部位抗退磁能力提高非常有限，而所述孔结构的存在为渗透的实现提供渗透的机会。
在本实施例中，所述孔结构104贯穿所述磁钢103。
在本实施例中，所述孔结构104既可以作为后续冷却液流动的通道、同时可以作为渗透工艺的入口，又能实现对磁力线的切割减少涡流的产生。
在本实施例中，所述磁钢103内设有多个所述孔结构104，形成蜂窝状。
在其他实施例中，所述磁钢103内还可设单一所述孔结构104。
在本实施例中，所述孔结构104采用圆形孔。
在其他实施例在，所述孔结构104还可采用圆形孔、三角形孔或者矩形孔中的一种或者多种组合。
在本实施例中，所述孔结构104采用单一孔结构。
在其他实施例中，所述孔结构104还采用叠孔结构，当所述孔结构采用叠孔结构时，所述孔结构包括第一孔结构和第二孔结构，所述第一孔结构和所述第二孔结构相互贯通。
当所述孔结构采用叠孔结构时，所述第一孔结构的数量和所述第二孔结构的数量可以一致也可以不一致。
当所述孔结构采用叠孔结构时，所述第一孔结构没有贯穿整个所述磁钢内部，同时所述第二孔结构没有贯穿整个所述磁钢内部，而是所述第一孔结构和所述第二孔结构相互连通贯穿整个所述磁钢内部，所述第一孔结构和所述第二孔结构采用层排布的形成存在于所述磁 钢内。
所述第一孔结构和所述第二孔结构可以是单一的孔结构，或者是叠孔结构。比如，所述孔结构包括第一孔结构和第N孔结构(N≥2)，所述第一孔结构和所述第N孔结构相互贯通，且贯通可以为直接贯通，也可以为间接贯通，贯通方向可以沿长度、宽度或厚度的任意一个方向或几个方向。
请结合参考图2和图3，所述磁钢单元102由磁钢103构成。
在本实施例中，所述磁钢单元102的数量为8个，沿着所述转子单元的中心孔周向均匀的分布在所述转子冲片101上。
在其他实施例中，所述磁钢单元102的数量还可为6个、4个等不同的数量。
在本实施例中，所述磁钢103的高度与所述转子冲片101的厚度相同，即所述磁钢103插入到所述转子冲片101内后，所述磁钢103的平面与所述转子冲片101的平面是齐平的。
在其他实施例中，所述磁钢103的高度还可小于所述转子冲片101的厚度，即所述磁钢103插入到所述转子冲片101内后，所述磁钢103的平面低于所述转子冲片101的平面。
在本实施例中，所述磁钢单元102卡接在所述转子冲片上，即所述转子冲片上开设有磁钢槽，所述磁钢103卡入到所述磁钢槽内。
在本实施例中，所述磁钢单元102包括多个磁钢。
在其他实施例中，所述磁钢单元包括一个磁钢。
图4为本发明在一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图4a为平面图，图4b为图4a对应的立体图。
请结合参考图1和图3，在本实施例中，所述磁钢103包括第一磁钢105和第二磁钢106，所述第一磁钢105和所述第二磁钢106的 大小不一样设置。
在本实施例中，所述磁钢槽对应所述第一磁钢105的磁钢槽107和所述第二磁钢106的磁钢槽108。
在本实施例中，所述第一磁钢105的数量两个；在其他实施例中，所述第一磁钢105的数量还可为一个、三个等不同的数量，根据实际的需要设计进行设计即可。
在本实施例中，所述两个所述第一磁钢105之间呈“V”字型排布关系；在其他实施例中，所述第一磁钢之间还可呈“W”字型排布关系、“一”字型排布关系等。
在本实施例中，所述第二磁钢106的数量两个；在其他实施例中，所述第二磁钢106的数量还可为一个、三个等不同的数量，根据实际的需要设计进行设计即可。
在本实施例中，两个所述第二磁钢106之间呈“V”字型排布关系；在其他实施例中，所述第二磁钢106之间还可呈“W”字型排布关系、“一”字型排布关系等。
请参考图5，再一实施例中所述磁钢单元的结构示意图，图5a为平面图，图5b为图5a对应的立体图；
请参考图6，再一实施例中所述磁钢单元的结构示意图，图6a为平面图，图6b为图6a对应的立体图；
请参考图7，再一实施例中所述磁钢单元的结构示意图，图7a为平面图，图7b为图7a对应的立体图；
请参考图8，再一实施例中所述磁钢单元的结构示意图，图8a为平面图，图8b为图8a对应的立体图；
图9为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图9a为平面图，图9b为图9a对应的立体图；
图10为本发明在再一实施例中磁钢单元的结构示意图，图10a为平面图，图10b为图10a对应的立体图。
请继续参考图1，在两个所述第一磁钢之间还设有椭圆孔109。
所述椭圆孔109作为隔磁桥(rib)通道孔。
在所述转子冲片101上还开设有第一减重孔110和第二减重孔111。
请参考图11，转子200，包括多个所述的转子单元100。
图11a为轴向的结构示意图；图11b为周向的结构示意图。
在本实施例中，所述转子200采用分段斜极结构。
在其他实施中，所述转子还可不采用分段斜极结构。
在本实施例中，由于所述转子采用分段斜极，除了中间两叠物理位置角相同之外，其它相邻转子冲片之间会在周向上呈2.5度机械角度。
在本实施例中，所述转子单元100的数量为6个。
在其他实施例中，所述转子单元的数量还可为5个、8个等不同的数量。
在本实施例中，在周向上，所述转子呈“V”形结构。
在其他实施例中，在周向上，所述转子呈“一”形结构等，根据实际的要求设计即可。
请参考图12，电机结构500，包括转子200。
所述转子200由多个所述转子单元100构成。
在本实施例中，所述转子200内具有所述孔结构104，一方面减少了形成转子的磁钢的用量，同时在电机工作的过程中实现对磁力线的切割，这样就可以减少涡流效应，减少能量的损失，提高电机的工 作效率。
在本实施例中，所述电机结构500还包括中心轴501、定子铁芯502以及绕组503。
中心轴501、定子铁芯502、绕组503、外壳、进油管路、进油口、出油口等其他构成所述电机结构500的部件都是现有的，这里不再一一举例说明。
请参考图13至图15，电机结构400包括转子200、第一导流盘401、中心轴402。
图15为了凸显所述磁钢的排布关系，省略了部分所述转子冲片。
所述转子200包括第一转子组403和第二转子组404，所述第一转子组403内的一个所述转子单元100和所述第二转子组404内的一个所述转子单元100毗邻设置；
第一导流盘401，具有中心孔409且位于毗邻设置的两个所述转子单元100之间；
中心轴402，穿过所述转子的中心和所述中心孔409，所述中心轴上设有导流孔405，所述导流孔405、所述第一导流路径、所述孔结构104之间连通设计。
在本实施例中，所述第一转子组403包含多个所述转子单元100，所述第二转子组404包括多个所述转子单元100。
在其他实施例中，所述第一转子组403还可包含一个所述转子单元100，所述第二转子组404还可包含一个所述转子单元100。
在本实施例中，所述第一转子组403内的所述转子单元100的数量与所述第二转子组404内的所述转子单元100的数量相同。
在其他实施例中，所述第一转子组403内的所述转子单元100的数量与所述第二转子组404内的所述转子单元100的数量还可不相 同。
在本实施例中，第一导流路径，位于所述第一导流盘401内，包括连通的第一导流路径入口406和第一导流路径出口408，所述第一导流路径入口406位于所述中心孔409的侧壁上，所述第一导流路径出口408与所述磁钢单元对应设置。
在本实施例中，当冷却液从所述中心轴402进入后，由所述导流孔405流出至第一导流盘401内的所述第一导流路径，从所述第一导流路径入口进入到第一导流路径出口408处，第一导流路径出口408与所述磁钢单元102对应设置，此时利用所述磁钢内的所述孔结构104，所述冷却液从所述第一导流路径出口408流到所述孔结构104内，从而实现对所述磁钢的冷却作用。
在本实施例中，由于耐高温磁钢一般需要采取更高的矫顽力牌号，需要应用更多的重稀土，因此通过本转子的油冷设计，可以降低磁钢的矫顽力牌号，达到第一步降本的作用。
在本实施例中，所述磁钢采用特殊挖孔设计，在保证电机性能的前提，既保证了所述磁钢的直接冷却效果，又进一步降低了所述磁钢用量，达到二次降本的目的；同时挖孔设计所述磁钢优化之后，不但让所述转子设计轻量化，还能进一步降低所述磁钢的涡流损耗，既减小热源，又提升了电机的工作效率；所述转子温度降低之后，对于电机在最高转速下的抗屈服能力也有一定改善。
在本实施例中，所述转子200采用“V”形斜极结构。
在其他实施例中，所述转子200采用还可采用“一”形斜极结构。当所述转子200采用还可采用“一”形斜极结构时，所述第一转子组403内的所述转子单元100的数量与所述第二转子组404内的所述转子单元100的数量为偶数时，所述第一导流盘401最优的设计是设计在所述转子200的中间部分，即所述第一导流盘401一侧是所述第一转子组403，另外一侧是所述第二转子组404。
在其他实施例中，所述第一导流盘401还可位于所述第一转子组403内的相邻两个所述转子单元100之间，或者是位于所述第二转子组404内的相邻两个所述转子单元100之间。
当所述转子200采用还可采用“一”形斜极结构时，且所述第一转子组403内的所述转子单元100的数量与所述第二转子组404内的所述转子单元100的数量为奇数时，此时选择位于所述转子200中心的转子单元，将其剖开呈成两个厚度相对薄的子转子单元，所述第一导流盘401位于两个厚度相对薄的子转子单元之间。
在其他实施例中，当所述转子200采用还可采用“一”形斜极结构时，且所述第一转子组403内的所述转子单元100的数量与所述第二转子组404内的所述转子单元100的数量为奇数时，此时选择位于所述转子200内任意一个转子单元，将其剖开呈成两个厚度相对薄的子转子单元，所述第一导流盘401位于两个厚度相对薄的子转子单元之间。
请参考图16至图17，第一导流盘401。
在本实施例中，所述第一导流盘401上还具有第一磁钢单元接口407，所述第一磁钢单元接口407贯穿所述第一导流盘401，所述第一磁钢单元接口407的侧壁暴露出所述第一导流路径出口408，所述第一导流盘两侧的所述磁钢单元的端部位于所述第一磁钢单元接口处。
在本实施例中，所述第一导流路径出口408包括隔磁桥导流出口410、第一磁钢导流出口411、第二磁钢导流出口412。
在本实施例中，所述第一磁钢单元接口407的侧壁暴露所述第一磁钢导流出口411和所述第二磁钢导流出口412，所述隔磁桥导流出口410位于所述隔磁桥(rib)通道孔内。
在本实施例中，第一导流路径413包括径向导流路径414、第一磁钢导流路径415、第二磁钢导流路径416，所述第一磁钢导流路径 415位于所述径向导流路径的两侧对称分布，所述第二磁钢导流路径416位于所述径向导流路径414的两侧对称分布。
在本实施例中，所述第一导流路径入口406与所述第一导流路径413对应设置，具体的所述第一导流路径入口与径向导流路径对应设置，所述第一导流路径入口位于径向导流路径的端部。
在本实施例中，所述第一导流路径入口406位于所述导流孔405对应设置。
在本实施例中，所述第一磁钢单元接口407的侧壁暴露出所述第一磁钢导流出口411和所述第二磁钢导流出口412。
图18表示了所述第一导流盘401与两侧磁钢单元之间的关系结构图.
请参考图19和图20，层间连接盘301。
所述层间连接盘301上具有第二磁钢单元接口302，所述第二磁钢单元接口302贯穿所述层间连接盘。
在本实施例中，所述第二磁钢单元接口302是贯穿所述层间连接盘的，所述转子200采用的是斜极结构，相邻两个所述转子单元100内的所述孔结构是呈一定角度倾斜的，这样利用所述层间连接盘301上的所述第二磁钢单元接口302能够实现相邻的两个所述转子单元100之间的孔结构能够相通，从而实现冷却液的流动。
设定所述层间连接盘包括正面和反面，将位于所述层间连接盘正面上的第二磁钢单元接口分为第一磁钢正面接口303和第二磁钢正面接口304；将位于所述层间连接盘反面上的第二磁钢单元接口分为第一磁钢反面接口305和第二磁钢反面接口306。
所述第二磁钢单元接口302与所述磁钢单元102对应设置，所述层间连接盘两侧的所述磁钢单元的端部位于所述第二磁钢单元接口内。
请参考图21，在本实施例中，位于所述层间连接盘正面的所述第一磁钢的端部和所述第二磁钢的端部分别位于所述第一磁钢正面接口303、所述第二磁钢正面接口304处，位于所述层间连接盘反面的所述第一磁钢的端部和所述第二磁钢的端部分别位于所述第一磁钢反面接口305以及所述第二磁钢反面接口306处。
请参考图22，中心轴402。
所述中心轴402为空心轴，所述中心轴402上设有导流孔405，用于将所述中心轴402内的冷却液往外扩散，传递到周围的所述转子200等结构上。
在本实施例中，所述冷却液从所述孔结构104流出，由于所述层间连接盘301的存在，所述冷却液不断地从一个所述转子单元100内的所述孔结构，流到相邻的所述转子单元100内的所述孔结构104内，这样冷却液在所述转子内一节节的传递，从而实现对所述转子的冷却作用。
在本实施例中，所述层间连接盘301上还具有隔磁桥(rib)通道109的正面接口307和反面接口308，所述隔磁桥(rib)通道的正面接口307和反面接口与所述第一导流盘401上的隔磁桥(rib)通道对应设置，这样在冷却液流动的过程中，所述冷却液又能从隔磁桥(rib)通道的正面接口307和反面接口308处流到所述转子冲片101表面，从而实现对所述转子冲片101的冷却作用。
在本实施例中，所述层间连接盘301的轴向通道采用连续倾斜的方式贯通，这样冷却液就可以在相邻两叠所述转子单元100之间进行流通。同时，所述转子单元100左右两边的所述层间连接盘正好镜像对称。这是由于转子采用分段斜极，除了中间两个所述转子单元的物理位置角相同之外，其它相邻所述转子单元之间会在周向上呈2.5度机械角度，因此无法用直接贯通的所述层间连接盘进行导流。
请参考图23，在本实施例中，还包括第二导流盘600，位于所述 转子的端部。
图24显示了所述第二导流盘600与所述磁钢单元102之间的关系结构图。
在本实施例中，由于所述第一转子组403和所述第二转子组404内具有多个所述转子单元100，所述第二导流盘600与相邻的所述层间连接盘301之间具有所述转子单元100。
在其他实施例中，当所述第一转子组403或者所述第二转子组404内只具有一个所述转子单元100，所述第二导流盘与相邻的所述第一导流盘401之间具有所述转子单元100。
在本实施例中，所述第二导流盘600的数量为两个，分别位于所述转子的两端。
在本实施例中，所述第二导流盘600上具有第二导流路径，所述第二导流路径包括连通的第二导流路径入口601和第二导流路径出口602，所述第二导流路径入口601与所述磁钢单元102对应设置，所述磁钢单元102的端部位于所述第二导流路径入口601处。
在本实施例中，所述第二导流路径入口601的尺寸小于所述磁钢单元102的端部尺寸，但是可以覆盖磁钢上的所有孔结构，这样设置的目的在于既可以保证冷却液能充分汇流到第二导流盘内，又能避免磁钢在长期工作松动后发生轴向窜动。
在其他实施例中，所述第二导流路径入口601的尺寸还可等于所述磁钢单元102的端部尺寸。
在本实施例中，所述第二导流路径入口601为冷却液的流入提供入口，所述第二导流路径出口602为冷却液的流出提供出口。
在本实施例中，所述第二导流路径入口601也作为冷却液汇集的入口，从所述孔结构内流出的冷却液都聚集在所述第二导流路径入口内。
在本实施例中，所述第二导流路径入口601也作为所述磁钢的端部接入口，所述转子两端的所述磁钢的端部正好落入到所述第二导流路径入口处。
在本实施例中，所述第二导流路径出口602位于所述第二导流盘侧壁上，沿着所述第二导流盘600的周向均匀分布。
在本实施例中，所述第二导流路径出口602的数量为所述转子的极数的倍数，所述倍数可以为整数倍，如2倍、3倍等，或者非整数倍，如2.5倍、2.1倍等等。
在本实施例中，还包括定子组件，设置在所述转子的外侧，所述定子组件包括定子铁芯700和绕在所述定子铁芯上的绕组800。
在本实施例中，还包括送油管位于所述中心轴402内。
在本实施例中，冷却液从所述送油管道进入所述转子的所述中心轴402的内腔，在所述中心轴402的中间具有所述导流孔405，冷却液从所述导流孔405进入到所述第一导流盘401的内腔，经所述第一导流盘401的调节方向后从左右两边分别进入所述第一转子组403和所述第二转子组404内，由于所述第一导流盘401内具有三类冷却通道，保证所述第一转子组和所述第二转子组上有三类冷却通道，即第一开孔通道、第二开孔通道、隔磁桥(rib)中间通道；但是由于所述转子为了消除谐波通常采用分段斜极方式，因此每相邻的两个所述转子之间的三类冷却通道不是直接贯通的，为了让冷却液能顺利从所述第一导向盘流向所述第二导向盘，除所述第一导向盘两侧的两个所述转子单元之外，其余每相邻的两个所述转子单元间设计了一个层间连接盘，层间连接盘上的第二磁钢单元接口作为通道，该通道属于斜贯通，即右面导流形状与右边磁钢单元形状匹配，左边导流形状与左边磁钢单元形状匹配，这样冷却液会一直通过这三类冷却通道进入两端的所述第二导流盘，所述第二导流盘的厚度面沿周向开有均匀的所述第二导流路径出口，冷却液通过所述第二导流路径出口被喷到电机定子组件的端部，最后汇流到壳体底部，通过出油孔流出，这一过程实 现了对转子、磁钢以及定子组件的冷却作用，以避免磁钢在高速区域过温或退磁的风险。
虽然本发明批露如上，但本发明并非限定于此。任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，均可作各种更动与修改，因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种转子单元，其特征在于，包括：
    转子冲片；
    多个磁钢单元，由磁钢组成，位于所述转子冲片上；
    孔结构，位于所述磁钢内。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的转子单元，其特征在于，所述孔结构贯穿所述磁钢。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的转子单元，其特征在于，所述磁钢单元包括一个磁钢或者多个磁钢。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的转子单元，其特征在于，所述孔结构采用圆形孔、三角形孔、矩形孔或其它形状中的一种或者多种组合。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的转子单元，其特征在于，所述孔结构采用单一孔结构或者叠孔结构，当所述孔结构采用叠孔结构时，所述孔结构包括第一孔结构和第二孔结构，所述第一孔结构和所述第二孔结构相互贯通。
  6. 一种转子，其特征在于，包括多个如权利要求1至权利要求5任一项所述的转子单元。
  7. 一种电机结构，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求6所述的转子。
  8. 一种电机结构，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求6所述的转子，所述转子包括第一转子组和第二转子组，所述第一转子组内的一个所述转子单元和所述第二转子组内的一个所述转子单元毗邻设置；
    第一导流盘，具有中心孔且位于毗邻设置的两个所述转子单元之 间，所述第一导流盘内具有第一导流路径；
    中心轴，穿过所述转子的中心和所述中心孔，所述中心轴上设有导流孔，所述导流孔、所述第一导流路径、所述孔结构之间连通设计。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电机结构，其特征在于，所述转子采用“V”形斜极结构或者“一”形斜极结构。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电机结构，其特征在于，当所述转子采用“一”形斜极时，且所述第一转子组内的所述转子单元的数量与所述第二转子组内的所述转子单元的数量之和为奇数，剖开任一所述转子单元，所述第一导流盘位于两半的所述转子单元内。
  11. 如权利要求8所述的电机结构，其特征在于，所述第一导流路径包括连通的第一导流路径入口和第一导流路径出口，所述第一导流路径入口位于所述中心孔的侧壁上。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电机结构，其特征在于，所述第一导流盘上还具有第一磁钢单元接口，所述第一磁钢单元接口贯穿所述第一导流盘，所述第一导流路径出口与所述第一磁钢单元接口对应设置，第一磁钢单元接口的侧壁暴露出所述第一导流路径出口，所述第一导流盘两侧的所述磁钢单元的端部位于所述第一磁钢单元接口处。
  13. 如权利要求8所述的电机结构，其特征在于，所述第一转子组内的所述转子单元的数量为一个或者多个，所述第二转子组内的所述转子单元的数量为一个或者多个。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的电机结构，其特征在于，当所述第一转子组内的所述转子单元的数量为多个，所述第二转子内的所述转子单元的数量为多个，还包括多个层间连接盘，位于所述第一转子组内的相邻所述转子单元之间和所述第二转子单元内的相邻所述转子单元之间。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电机结构，其特征在于，所述层间连接盘上 具有第二磁钢单元接口，所述第二磁钢单元接口贯穿所述层间连接盘。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电机结构，其特征在于，所述第二磁钢单元接口与所述磁钢单元对应设置，所述层间连接盘两侧的所述磁钢单元的端部位于所述第二磁钢单元接口处。
  17. 如权利要求8或14所述的电机结构，其特征在于，还包括第二导流盘，位于所述转子的端部。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的电机结构，其特征在于，所述第二导流盘上具有第二导流路径，所述第二导流路径包括连通的第二导流路径入口和第二导流路径出口，所述第二导流路径入口与所述磁钢单元对应设置，所述磁钢单元的端部位于所述第二导流路径入口处。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的电机结构，其特征在于，所述第二导流路径出口位于所述第二导流盘侧壁上，沿着所述第二导流盘的周向均匀分布。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的电机结构，其特征在于，所述第二导流路径出口的数量为所述转子的极数的倍数。
  21. 如权利要求11所述的电机结构，其特征在于，所述导流孔与所述第一导流路径入口对应设置。
  22. 如权利要求7或8所述的电机结构，其特征在于，还包括定子组件，设置在所述转子的外侧，所述定子组件包括定子铁芯和绕在所述定子铁芯上的绕组。
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Citations (4)

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CN1913287A (zh) * 2006-08-28 2007-02-14 中国科学院电工研究所 一种双机械端口电机的绕线型内转子
CN209184335U (zh) * 2018-12-24 2019-07-30 上海大郡动力控制技术有限公司 用于电机转子的油冷冷却结构
CN111049297A (zh) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-21 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种转子及电机
CN112072814A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-11 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 转子组件、电机、压缩机及制冷装置

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CN1913287A (zh) * 2006-08-28 2007-02-14 中国科学院电工研究所 一种双机械端口电机的绕线型内转子
CN209184335U (zh) * 2018-12-24 2019-07-30 上海大郡动力控制技术有限公司 用于电机转子的油冷冷却结构
CN111049297A (zh) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-21 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种转子及电机
CN112072814A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-11 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 转子组件、电机、压缩机及制冷装置

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