WO2023272601A1 - 一种减震结构、可移动平台以及负载的减震方法 - Google Patents

一种减震结构、可移动平台以及负载的减震方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023272601A1
WO2023272601A1 PCT/CN2021/103671 CN2021103671W WO2023272601A1 WO 2023272601 A1 WO2023272601 A1 WO 2023272601A1 CN 2021103671 W CN2021103671 W CN 2021103671W WO 2023272601 A1 WO2023272601 A1 WO 2023272601A1
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Prior art keywords
movable platform
vibration
load
shock
signal
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PCT/CN2021/103671
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵阳
吴利鑫
张根垒
孙笑轩
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深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/103671 priority Critical patent/WO2023272601A1/zh
Publication of WO2023272601A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023272601A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D47/00Equipment not otherwise provided for
    • B64D47/08Arrangements of cameras
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/03Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using magnetic or electromagnetic means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of load damping, and more specifically relates to a damping structure, a movable platform and a load damping method.
  • UAVs Due to its good stability, strong anti-interference ability, active hovering and relatively low requirements for take-off and landing, UAVs have achieved relatively rapid development and wide application in the civil and military fields.
  • UAVs Due to the characteristics of UAVs, more UAVs are currently used in the field of aerial photography. UAVs need to be equipped with gimbals and shooting equipment (collectively referred to as payloads) to take pictures or video during flight. Since UAVs usually provide power sources through propellers, large high-frequency vibrations will be generated during flight. In order to obtain better shooting performance, drones now usually use rubber shock-absorbing balls with a specific shock-absorbing layout to attenuate the vibration transmitted from the drone to the load end.
  • payloads gimbals and shooting equipment
  • shock absorption In the design of shock absorption, not only the shock absorption performance but also the displacement of the load under acceleration and deceleration conditions must be considered, that is, a certain degree of stiffness and damping is required to ensure that the load will not interfere with other structural parts, and the infinite structure cannot be used.
  • Soft design The focal length of the camera loaded by the UAV is getting larger and larger, and the requirements for the vibration of the UAV are getting higher and higher. It is difficult for the passive vibration reduction of the UAV to meet the needs of all usage scenarios through the passive vibration reduction system.
  • the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a shock absorbing structure, the shock absorbing structure includes:
  • the second support is spaced apart from the first support
  • a shock absorber assembly includes:
  • the second magnetic structure is fixed between the elastic material and the second support; wherein, the first magnetic structure and/or the second magnetic structure is an electromagnetic mechanism,
  • the damping structure is used to connect with the load and the movable platform, and is configured to reduce the vibration of the load, and the damping frequency can be changed by adjusting the electromagnetic control signal of the electromagnetic mechanism.
  • the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a movable platform, and the movable platform is provided with:
  • the load is fixed on the movable platform through the shock absorbing structure
  • a sensor module configured to detect vibration signals during the movement of the movable platform
  • a control module respectively communicating with the sensor module and the shock absorbing structure, configured to receive the vibration signal, calculate an electromagnetic control signal according to the vibration signal, and send the electromagnetic control signal to the shock absorbing structure
  • the damping structure is configured to receive the electromagnetic control signal and move according to the electromagnetic control signal to reduce vibration of the load.
  • the third aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a load damping method, the damping method includes:
  • the shock absorbing structure includes a first support, and the first A second support arranged at intervals from the support and a shock-absorbing assembly located between the first support and the second support, the shock-absorbing assembly includes The elastic material between the pieces, the first magnetic structure fixed between the elastic material and the first support, the second magnetic structure fixed between the elastic material and the second support; wherein , the first magnetic structure and/or the second magnetic structure is an electromagnetic mechanism;
  • the movement of the electromagnetic mechanism is controlled by the electromagnetic control signal to reduce the vibration of the load.
  • the damping frequency can be changed, and the damping frequency can be changed according to different vibration signal inputs and load damping requirements.
  • Adaptive adjustment on the premise that the movable platform can work normally, eliminates the method of shaking the picture caused by the high-frequency vibration of the movable platform.
  • the damping structure, movable platform and load damping method are applicable to movable platforms and loads of different structures and sizes, and have the advantages of wide application range, high reliability and small volume. In addition, it can prevent the load from falling off in extreme situations, and it can be used not only for drones, but also for other arbitrary scenarios that require shock absorption.
  • FIG. 1A-1D show a schematic structural diagram of a shock absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a movable platform according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic flowchart of a load damping method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the damping system usually uses a damping ball made of damping rubber as its core component.
  • the modulus of rubber has the disadvantage of being greatly affected by temperature.
  • the damping performance of the same damping system is different under different temperature conditions. Under some working conditions, the damping performance may not meet the requirements.
  • the shock-absorbing ball usually has a certain degree of friction with the surrounding structural parts during the working process.
  • the wear resistance of the rubber becomes the bottleneck of its life.
  • the short life of the shock-absorbing ball affects normal work. use.
  • the tensile strength of rubber is low.
  • the first aspect of the application provides a shock absorbing structure, the shock absorbing structure includes:
  • the second support is spaced apart from the first support
  • a shock absorber assembly includes:
  • the second magnetic structure is fixed between the elastic material and the second support; wherein, the first magnetic structure and/or the second magnetic structure is an electromagnetic mechanism,
  • the damping structure is used to connect with the load and the movable platform, and is configured to reduce the vibration of the load, and the damping frequency can be changed by adjusting the electromagnetic control signal of the electromagnetic mechanism.
  • the shock absorbing frequency can be changed, and adaptive adjustment can be made according to different vibration signal inputs and load shock absorbing requirements, while maintaining the normal operation of the movable platform.
  • it is a method to eliminate the screen shake caused by the high-frequency vibration of the movable platform.
  • the damping structure, movable platform, and load damping method are applicable to drones and loads of different structures and sizes, and have the advantages of wide application range, high reliability, and small size. In addition, it can prevent the load from falling off in extreme situations, and it can be used not only for drones, but also for other arbitrary scenarios that require shock absorption.
  • FIGS. 1A-1D show schematic structural views of the shock absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shock absorbing structure includes a first support 100 , a second support 101 and a shock absorber assembly.
  • first support 100 and the second support 101 are arranged at intervals, the space between the first support 100 and the second support 101 is used to accommodate the shock absorbing assembly, the Both ends of the shock absorbing assembly are respectively connected to the first support 100 and the second support 101 .
  • the first support member 100 includes a housing, the housing forms an accommodating space, and the second support member 101 is disposed in the accommodating space.
  • the housing is a cubic structure, such as a hexahedron, including a regular hexahedron and a parallelepiped, but it is not limited to the examples listed, and other regular cubic structures can accommodate the second support 101 and the Any of the shock absorbing components mentioned above that can be better installed and fixed can be applied to this application.
  • the second supporting member 101 may also be a cubic structure, such as a hexahedron, including a regular hexahedron, a parallelepiped, and of course a spherical shape, and is not limited to the above examples.
  • both the first support 100 and the second support 101 are regular hexahedrons, wherein the volume of the first support 100 is greater than that of the second support 101 by The second supporting member 101 is accommodated and a space for fixing the shock absorbing assembly is formed therebetween.
  • the specific dimensions of the first supporting member 100 and the second supporting member 101 are not limited to a certain numerical range.
  • the first supporting member 100 is also provided with an external fixing member 105, wherein, one of the second supporting member 101 and the outer fixing member 105 is used to connect to the movable platform, and the first The other of the second support 101 and the external fixing 105 is used to connect the load, and the load is fixed on the movable platform through the first support 100 and the external fixing 105 .
  • the external fixing member 105 is fixedly arranged on any surface of the first supporting member 100 , and may be, for example, a circular suction cup or the like.
  • the second support 101 fixes the second support 101 on the load or the movable platform through the connection structure 106, for example, the first end of the connection structure 106 is connected to the second The support 101 is connected, and the second end of the connecting structure 106 extends out of the first support 100 so as to fix the second support 101 on the load or on the movable platform.
  • the external fixing member 105 and the connecting structure 106 are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the first supporting member 100 .
  • the connecting structure 106 can be a connecting rod, and the connecting rod includes a rod-shaped main body and a fixed end connected to the rod-shaped main body, and the area of the fixed end is larger than the area of the rod-shaped main body to form a T-shaped structure, so that The fixed end with a large passing area is fixed on the load or on the movable platform.
  • the interface between the rod-shaped body and the first support 100 is also provided with a snap-fit structure for fixing the rod-shaped body on the first support 100, and through the The connecting rod realizes the fixing of the second supporting member 101 .
  • the shock absorbing assembly includes:
  • An elastic material 104 is arranged between the first support member 100 and the second support member 101;
  • Both ends of the elastic material 104 are respectively provided with a first magnetic structure 102 and a second magnetic structure 103.
  • the first magnetic structure 102 is fixed to the elastic material 104 and the first Between the supports 100 ; the second magnetic structure 103 is fixed between the elastic material 104 and the second support 101 .
  • the elastic material 104 can be at least one of spring, rubber and plastic, and is not limited to one, as long as the material with high damping performance can be applied to this application, there is no limitation here.
  • the elastic material 104 is a spring, and the shock-absorbing structure will be explained and described below in the present application by taking the spring as an example.
  • At least one of the first magnetic structure 102 and the second magnetic structure 103 is an electromagnetic mechanism, by adjusting the electromagnetic control signal of the electromagnetic mechanism, the damping frequency can be changed to adapt to loads of different sizes and improve the Suitability of shock-absorbing structures.
  • the electromagnetic mechanism converts electrical energy into mechanical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, and drives the elastic material 104 to move, so as to achieve the purpose of shock absorption.
  • the electromagnetic mechanism is composed of a coil, an iron core and an armature, and the electromagnetic mechanism may be a direct-acting type or a snap-fit type, which is not limited here.
  • the damping frequency is changed by adjusting the magnitude of the current in the coil to adapt to loads of different sizes.
  • one of the first magnetic structure 102 and the second magnetic structure 103 is an electromagnetic mechanism, and the other may be a magnetic material, and the magnetic material is a conventional magnetic material, which will not be repeated here List them all.
  • the electromagnetic force in the electromagnetic mechanism has significant nonlinear characteristics, and the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
  • the electromagnetic mechanism is an electromagnetic spring with good performance.
  • the shock absorbing structure is respectively connected to the load After being connected with the movable platform, the vibration generated by the movable platform is transmitted to the electromagnetic mechanism through the connecting rod.
  • the electromagnetic force has a significant Linear characteristics, at this time, the electromagnetic mechanism will generate motion and force opposite to the vibration, so as to offset the vibration and achieve the purpose of shock absorption.
  • the number of the damping modules is at least three, so as to respectively perform damping in three different directions.
  • the housing is a cubic structure
  • the shock absorption module is provided on at least three inner walls of the cubic structure, wherein the extension directions of the at least three inner walls are perpendicular to each other, for example, the The three internal extension directions are respectively the directions of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis of the coordinate system.
  • the shock absorbing module When the shock absorbing module is arranged on the three inner walls perpendicular to each other of the housing, the two ends of the elastic material 104 need to be fixed on the first magnetic structure 102 and the second magnetic structure 103, To prevent the elastic material 104 from falling off, for example, it can be fixed by bonding or fixing structures such as bolts and nuts.
  • the housing is a cube structure, and the shock absorbing modules are arranged on all six inner walls of the cube structure.
  • the vibration module is used, the two ends of the elastic material 104 can be fixed on the first magnetic structure 102 and the second magnetic structure 103, or can be limited to the first magnetic structure 102 and the second magnetic structure. Between the structures 103 , since the opposite inner walls are symmetrical to each other, the elastic material 104 can be squeezed between the first magnetic structure 102 and the second magnetic structure 103 to play a fixing role.
  • a limiting member is provided on the first magnetic structure 102 and the second magnetic structure 103, and the elastic material 104 is arranged on the first magnetic structure 102 and the second magnetic structure 102 through the limiting member. between structures 103.
  • the limiting member may be a groove, and the elastic material 104 is embedded in the groove, so as to limit the elastic material 104 and prevent the elastic material 104 from falling off.
  • the load is a shooting device and a pan/tilt
  • the shooting device is a camera, a video camera, etc., which will not be listed one by one here.
  • the photographing device is a telephoto camera.
  • the movable platform is at least one of aircraft, automobile and robot.
  • the aircraft is an unmanned aerial vehicle, such as a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • this application provides a shock absorption structure, by adjusting the electromagnetic control signal of the electromagnetic mechanism in the shock absorbing structure, the shock absorbing frequency can be changed, and adaptive adjustment can be made according to different vibration signal input and load shock absorbing requirements.
  • the movable platform can work normally, It is a method to eliminate the shaking of the picture caused by the high-frequency vibration of the movable platform.
  • the damping structure is applicable to drones and loads of different structures and sizes, and has the advantages of wide application range, high reliability and small volume.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a movable platform.
  • a shock-absorbing structure is used to realize frequency-variable shock absorption and active shock absorption on a movable platform (such as a UAV), specifically, as shown in FIG. 2
  • the movable platform is provided with:
  • shock-absorbing structure 2 described in the first aspect of the present application
  • a load 4 the load 4 is fixed on the movable platform through the shock absorbing structure 2;
  • the sensor module 1 is configured to detect vibration signals during the movement of the movable platform
  • the control module 3 is connected to the sensor module 1 and the shock absorbing structure 2 respectively, and is configured to receive the vibration signal, calculate an electromagnetic control signal according to the vibration signal, and send the electromagnetic control signal to the shock absorber.
  • a shock structure 2, the shock absorbing structure 2 is configured to receive the electromagnetic control signal and move according to the electromagnetic control signal to reduce the vibration of the load 4.
  • control module 3 sends corresponding control instructions according to the signals received by the sensor module 1, and the multiple shock absorbing structures 2 move according to the control instructions.
  • shock absorbing structures with different shock absorbing frequencies can be realized to adapt to different use scenarios or loads of different sizes and weights, and active shock absorbing can also be used to meet higher shock absorbing requirements.
  • control module 3 processes the frequency information that needs to be adjusted, converts it into information such as the displacement and speed of the structure, and outputs the electromagnetic control signals of each shock-absorbing structure 2 according to the preset control algorithm;
  • each damping structure 2 moves according to the control signal output by the control module 3 , and realizes frequency-variable damping of the load 4 through four three-way control modules 3 .
  • the electromagnetic mechanism of the shock absorbing structure is configured to be able to move in a first direction, a second direction and a third direction, wherein the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are respectively the X axis and the Y axis of the coordinate system and the direction of the Z axis.
  • the number of control directions of the damping structure described in this application can be three directions, or one-way, two-way or other arbitrary multi-directions, as long as the matching damping design and control design are carried out.
  • the electromagnetic mechanism in the first direction (X-axis direction) of all shock-absorbing structures is controlled to pass current through the electromagnetic control signal, and only moves in the first direction, thereby realizing the first direction control.
  • the number and location of shock absorbing structures can be used according to requirements, not limited to four on the plane, usually the product of the number of shock absorbing structures and the number of control directions of the shock absorbing structures must not be less than 6 to achieve 6 loads Directional degrees of freedom control.
  • the number of the shock absorbing structures is at least 3, usually 6.
  • connection structure form of the shock absorbing structure may be that the aforementioned first support member is connected to the load, or the external fixing member may be connected to the load.
  • the electromagnetic mechanism for controlling can be arranged on the side close to the first support or on the side close to the second support.
  • the sensor module may use an angular velocity sensor or a displacement sensor, etc., as long as the sensor can characterize the motion state of its object and cooperate with the control algorithm.
  • the sensor module includes:
  • a first motion sensor arranged on the movable platform, for measuring the vibration signal of the movable platform
  • the second motion sensor is arranged on the load and used to measure the vibration signal of the load.
  • the electromagnetic control signal is calculated by combining the vibration signal of the movable platform with the vibration signal of the load. Since the vibration signal of the load is much smaller than the vibration signal of the movable platform, it can only be based on the The vibration signal of the movable platform is used to calculate the electromagnetic control signal.
  • the arrangement position of the sensor module can be arranged at any position of the two parts of the UAV and the load, not limited to above and below the shock absorption system, and the control requirements can be met through the supporting model transfer function of the whole machine.
  • control module receives the vibration signal, calculates the electromagnetic control signal according to the vibration signal and sends the electromagnetic control signal to the shock absorbing structure, and the shock absorbing structure moves according to the electromagnetic control signal to reduce the vibration of the load.
  • control module includes a computing unit configured to receive a vibration signal during the movement of the movable platform, and process the vibration signal to convert the vibration signal into a motion signal, wherein the motion signal including at least one of displacement and velocity; and then calculating the electromagnetic control signal based on a preset control algorithm according to the motion signal.
  • the operation unit is configured to perform at least one of filtering, amplification, adjustment, analog differentiation and A/D conversion on the vibration signal, so as to obtain a signal that can be identified and processed by the control module.
  • the sensor module is also configured to measure the vibration signal again after the shock absorbing structure is damped and transmit it to the control module, and the control module is also configured to receive the damped vibration signal and The electromagnetic control signal is recalculated according to the damped vibration signal.
  • the vibration of the load is gradually reduced and the shock absorption effect is improved: receiving the vibration signal during the moving process of the movable platform, calculating the electromagnetic control signal, and sending the electromagnetic control signal to the shock absorption structure signal and receive the vibration signal after shock absorption by the shock absorbing structure, recalculate the electromagnetic control signal according to the shock absorbing vibration signal, and send the recalculated electromagnetic control signal to the shock absorbing structure.
  • the above steps are repeated until it is detected that the vibration of the load has achieved the desired effect, then the damping frequency is no longer adjusted, and the load is damped at the determined damping frequency.
  • the working principles of the shock absorbing structure, the sensor module and the control module set on the movable platform are as follows:
  • Step 1 Data acquisition: due to the vibration response (acceleration, angular velocity) of the blade rotation of the movable platform, online measurement is performed by the sensor module placed on the movable platform between the sensor module 1 and the sensor module at the connection end of the load 4;
  • Step 2 Data processing and transmission: The vibration signal measured by the sensor module 1 is processed by the data processing chip to complete filtering, amplification, adjustment, analog differentiation, A/D conversion, etc.;
  • Step 3 Control calculation:
  • the control module 3 processes the data transmitted by the processing chip, converts it into information such as the displacement and speed of the structure, and outputs the electromagnetic control signals of each shock-absorbing structure 2 according to the preset control algorithm, and uses the movable
  • the data of the sensor module 1 on the platform and the sensor module at the connection end of the load 4 realizes closed-loop control, that is, calculates the damping frequency according to the vibration of the movable platform, and determines whether to continue to adjust the damping frequency according to the vibration of the load;
  • Step 4 Each damping structure 2 moves according to the electromagnetic control signal output by the control module 3, and realizes the damping of the load 4 through the damping structure 2;
  • Step 5 Repeat steps 1 to 4 continuously to reduce the vibration of the load until the set requirements are met.
  • the shock absorption system on the movable platform has a wide range of applications, high reliability, and small size. In addition, it can prevent the load from falling off in extreme situations, and can be used not only for drones, but also for other existing Any other scene where shock absorption is required.
  • the third aspect of the present application provides a load damping method, as shown in Figure 3, the damping method includes:
  • Step S1 Acquiring vibration signals of the movable platform during movement
  • the movable platform is mechanically coupled to the load through a shock absorbing mechanism
  • the shock absorbing structure includes a first support, a second support spaced apart from the first support, and a second support located at the first support.
  • a shock absorbing assembly between the support and the second support, the shock absorbing assembly includes an elastic material arranged between the first support and the second support, fixed on the elastic material and the The first magnetic structure between the first supports, the second magnetic structure fixed between the elastic material and the second support; wherein, the first magnetic structure and/or the second magnetic The structure is an electromagnetic mechanism;
  • Step S2 calculating an electromagnetic control signal according to the vibration signal
  • Step S3 Control the movement of the electromagnetic mechanism through the electromagnetic control signal, so as to reduce the vibration of the load.
  • the acquisition of the vibration signal during the movement of the movable platform includes:
  • the second vibration signal of the load is measured by the motion sensor to determine whether to continue adjusting the damping frequency of the damping structure.
  • the electromagnetic control signal is calculated by combining the vibration signal of the movable platform with the vibration signal of the load. Since the vibration signal of the load is much smaller than the vibration signal of the movable platform, it can only be based on the movable platform in certain occasions.
  • the electromagnetic control signal is calculated based on the vibration signal of the load, and the second vibration signal of the load is used to determine whether the required damping effect is achieved, and whether to continue adjusting the damping frequency is determined according to the vibration condition of the load.
  • step S1 the following sub-steps are included:
  • Step S11 Data acquisition: due to the vibration response (acceleration, angular velocity) of the blades of the movable platform, and measure the vibration signal, for example, measure the first vibration signal online by a sensor module placed on the movable platform, and pass the load The sensor module at the connection end measures the second vibration signal online;
  • Step S12 Data processing and transmission: The vibration signal measured by the sensor module is processed by the data processing chip to complete filtering, amplification, adjustment, analog differentiation, A/D conversion, etc.;
  • the data transmitted by the processing chip is processed and converted into information such as the displacement and speed of the structure, and the electromagnetic control signals of each shock-absorbing structure 2 are output according to the preset control algorithm, and are used on the movable platform to
  • the data of the sensor module 1 and the sensor module at the load connection end realize closed-loop control, that is, calculate the damping frequency according to the vibration of the movable platform, and determine whether to continue to adjust the damping frequency according to the vibration of the load;
  • Step 3 Each damping structure 2 moves according to the electromagnetic control signal, and the load 4 is damped through the damping structure 2 .
  • step S1 to step S3 are repeated continuously to reduce the vibration of the load in real time, that is, to repeat the following steps:
  • the recalculated electromagnetic control signal to control the movement of the electromagnetic mechanism to reduce the vibration of the load, and according to the second vibration signal of the load, it is used to judge whether to continue the shock absorption of the shock absorption structure The frequency is adjusted.
  • the number and position of the shock absorbing structure can be used according to the demand, not limited to four on the plane, and usually the product of the number of the shock absorbing structure and the number of control directions of the shock absorbing structure is not less than 6 to achieve 6 loads Directional degrees of freedom control.
  • the number of the shock absorbing structures is at least 3, usually 6.
  • damping method described in this application is based on the aforementioned damping structure and the movable platform. In the above-mentioned damping method, no more details are given here.
  • the damping method of the embodiment of the present application can change the damping frequency by adjusting the electromagnetic control signal of the electromagnetic mechanism, and perform adaptive adjustment according to different vibration signal inputs and load damping requirements, while maintaining the normal operation of the movable platform Under the premise, it is a method to eliminate the picture shake caused by the high-frequency vibration of the movable platform.
  • the damping method is applicable to unmanned aerial vehicles and loads of different structures and sizes, and has the advantages of wide application range, high reliability and small volume.
  • the disclosed devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented.
  • the various component embodiments of the present application may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in combination thereof.
  • a microprocessor or a digital signal processor (DSP) may be used in practice to implement some or all functions of some modules according to the embodiments of the present application.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the present application can also be implemented as an apparatus program (for example, a computer program and a computer program product) for performing a part or all of the methods described herein.
  • Such a program implementing the present application may be stored on a computer-readable medium, or may be in the form of one or more signals.
  • Such a signal may be downloaded from an Internet site, or provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.

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Abstract

一种减震结构(2)、可移动平台以及负载(4)的减震方法。减震结构(2)包括:第一支撑件(100);第二支撑件(101),与第一支撑件(100)间隔设置;减震组件,减震组件包括:弹性材料(104),设置于第一支撑件(100)和第二支撑件(101)之间;第一磁性结构(102),固定于弹性材料(104)和第一支撑件(100)之间;第二磁性结构(103),固定于弹性材料(104)和第二支撑件(101)之间;其中,第一磁性结构(102)和/或第二磁性结构(103)为电磁机构;其中,减震结构(2)用于与负载(4)和可移动平台连接,配置为减小负载(4)的振动,并且通过调节电磁机构的电磁控制信号能够改变减震频率。

Description

一种减震结构、可移动平台以及负载的减震方法
说明书
技术领域
本申请涉及负载减震领域,更具体地涉及一种减震结构、可移动平台以及负载的减震方法。
背景技术
无人机由于其稳定性好、抗干扰能力强、能够主动悬停并且对于起飞和降落的条件要求相对较低,在民用和军事领域取得了较为迅速的发展和广泛应用。
由于无人机的特性,目前较多的无人机被用于航拍领域,无人机需要搭载云台及和拍摄设备(统称负载)实现在飞行过程中的拍照或摄像。由于无人机通常通过螺旋桨提供动力来源,在飞行的过程中会产生较大的高频振动。为获得较好的拍摄性能,现在无人机通常采用橡胶减震球配合特定的减震布局,衰减从无人机传递到负载端的振动。
为了提高无人机的利用效率,目前中大型无人机通常采用可更换负载或者多负载形式,为简化生产及设计难度,通常采用一种相对折中的减震设计--针对不同的尺寸重量的负载均能够起到满足常规要求的减震性能设计。
由于在进行减震设计的时候不仅要考虑减震性能还有考虑负载在加减速工况下的位移情况,即需要一定的刚度和阻尼保证负载不会与其他结构件发生干涉而不能够采用无穷软的设计。无人机负载的相机的焦段越来越大,对于无人机振动的要求越来越高,无人机被动减震通过被动的减震系统很难以满足所有使用场景的需求。
因此需要对目前的减震结构和减震方法进行改进,以解决目前存在的技术问题。
发明内容
在发明内容部分中引入了一系列简化形式的概念,这将在具体实施方 式部分中进一步详细说明。本发明的发明内容部分并不意味着要试图限定出所要求保护的技术方案的关键特征和必要技术特征,更不意味着试图确定所要求保护的技术方案的保护范围。
本申请实施例第一方面提供了一种减震结构,所述减震结构包括:
第一支撑件;
第二支撑件,与所述第一支撑件间隔设置;
减震组件,所述减震组件包括:
弹性材料,设置于所述第一支撑件和所述第二支撑件之间;
第一磁性结构,固定于所述弹性材料和所述第一支撑件之间;
第二磁性结构,固定于所述弹性材料和所述第二支撑件之间;其中,所述第一磁性结构和/或所述第二磁性结构为电磁机构,
其中,所述减震结构用于与负载和可移动平台连接,配置为减小所述负载的振动,并且通过调节所述电磁机构的电磁控制信号,能够改变减震频率。
本申请实施例第二方面提供了一种可移动平台,所述可移动平台上设置有:
前文所述的减震结构;
负载,所述负载通过所述减震结构固定于所述可移动平台上;
传感器模块,配置为检测所述可移动平台移动过程中的振动信号;
控制模块,分别与所述传感器模块和所述减震结构通信连接,配置为接收所述振动信号,根据所述振动信号计算电磁控制信号以及将所述电磁控制信号发送至所述减震结构,所述减震结构配置为接收所述电磁控制信号并根据所述电磁控制信号进行运动以减小所述负载的振动。
本申请实施例第三方面提供了一种负载的减震方法,所述减震方法包括:
获取所述可移动平台移动在运动过程中的振动信号,其中,所述可移动平台通过减震机构与所述负载机械耦合连接,所述减震结构包括第一支撑件、与所述第一支撑件间隔设置的第二支撑件以及位于所述第一支撑件与所述第二支撑之间的减震组件,所述减震组件包括设置于所述第一支撑件和所述第二支撑件之间的弹性材料、固定于所述弹性材料和所述第一支撑件之间的第一磁性结构、固定于所述弹性材料和所述第二支撑件之间的 第二磁性结构;其中,所述第一磁性结构和/或所述第二磁性结构为电磁机构;
根据所述振动信号计算得到电磁控制信号;以及
通过所述电磁控制信号控制所述电磁机构运动,以减小所述负载的振动。
根据本申请实施例的减震结构、可移动平台以及负载的减震方法,通过调节所述电磁机构的电磁控制信号,能够改变减震频率,根据不同的振动信号输入及负载的减震需求进行自适应调整,在保持可移动平台能够正常工作前提下,消除由于可移动平台的高频振动带来画面抖动的办法。所述减震结构、可移动平台以及负载的减震方法适用于不同结构形式、不同尺寸大小的可移动平台及负载,具有适用范围广、可靠性高、体积小的优点。此外还能够防止负载在极端情况发生脱落现象,并且不仅可以用于无人机,也可以用于其他存在减震需求的其他任意场景。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
在附图中:
图1A-1D示出根据本发明一实施例的减震结构的结构示意图;
图2示出根据本发明一实施例的可移动平台的结构示意图;
图3示出根据本发明一实施例的负载的减震方法的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使得本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更为明显,下面将参照附图详细描述根据本申请的示例实施例。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例,而不是本申请的全部实施例,应理解,本申请不受这里描述的示例实施例的限制。基于本申请中描述的本申请实施例,本领域技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动的情况下所得到的所有其它实施例都应落入本申请的保护范围之内。
在下文的描述中,给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本申请更为彻底的理解。然而,对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,本申请可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中,为了避免与本申请发生混淆,对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
应当理解的是,本申请能够以不同形式实施,而不应当解释为局限于这里提出的实施例。相反地,提供这些实施例将使公开彻底和完全,并且将本申请的范围完全地传递给本领域技术人员。
在此使用的术语的目的仅在于描述具体实施例并且不作为本申请的限制。在此使用时,单数形式的“一”、“一个”和“所述/该”也意图包括复数形式,除非上下文清楚指出另外的方式。还应明白术语“组成”和/或“包括”,当在该说明书中使用时,确定所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在,但不排除一个或更多其它的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或组的存在或添加。在此使用时,术语“和/或”包括相关所列项目的任何及所有组合。
目前为获得较高的阻尼性能,减震系统通常采用阻尼橡胶制作的减震球作为其核心的部件。橡胶的模量存在受温度影响大的缺点,不同温度情况下同一套减震系统的减震性能不同,部分工况下可能会出现减震性能无法满足要求的情况。
减震球通常在工作过程中会不断有周围的结构件发生一定程度的摩擦,橡胶的耐磨性成为其寿命的瓶颈,针对一些恶劣的工作环境,减震球的寿命较短影响正常的工作使用。
此外,橡胶的拉伸强度较低,在日常运输工况或者空中减震球破坏通常需要取下负载或者对于负载进行额外固定避免减震球被破坏,不利于无人机的快速部署及增加存储空间。
为了解决长期存在的无人机减震系统无法对于不同尺寸负载进行自适应调整、常规采用的橡胶减震球容易破损、部分工况下减震性能无法满足负载越来越高的减震要求的问题,本申请的第一方面提供了一种减震结构,所述减震结构包括:
第一支撑件;
第二支撑件,与所述第一支撑件间隔设置;
减震组件,所述减震组件包括:
弹性材料,设置于所述第一支撑件和所述第二支撑件之间;
第一磁性结构,固定于所述弹性材料和所述第一支撑件之间;
第二磁性结构,固定于所述弹性材料和所述第二支撑件之间;其中,所述第一磁性结构和/或所述第二磁性结构为电磁机构,
其中,所述减震结构用于与负载和可移动平台连接,配置为减小所述负载的振动,并且通过调节所述电磁机构的电磁控制信号,能够改变减震频率。
根据本申请实施例的减震结构通过调节所述电磁机构的电磁控制信号,能够改变减震频率,根据不同的振动信号输入及负载的减震需求进行自适应调整,在保持可移动平台能够正常工作前提下,消除由于可移动平台的高频振动带来画面抖动的办法。所述减震结构、可移动平台以及负载的减震方法适用于不同结构形式、不同尺寸大小的无人机及负载,具有适用范围广、可靠性高、体积小的优点。此外还能够防止负载在极端情况发生脱落现象,并且不仅可以用于无人机,也可以用于其他存在减震需求的其他任意场景。
为了彻底理解本申请,将在下列的描述中提出详细的结构,以便阐释本申请提出的技术方案。本申请的可选实施例详细描述如下,然而除了这些详细描述外,本申请还可以具有其他实施方式。
下面结合附图对所述减震结构进行详细的说明,其中,图1A-图1D示出根据本发明一实施例的减震结构的结构示意图。
如图1A-图1D所示,所述减震结构包括第一支撑件100、第二支撑件101和减震组件。
其中,所述第一支撑件100和所述第二支撑件101间隔设置,所述第一支撑件100和所述第二支撑件101之间的空间用于容纳所述减震组件,所述减震组件的两端分别与所述第一支撑件100和所述第二支撑件101连接。
在本申请的一实施例中,所述第一支撑件100包括壳体,所述壳体形成有容纳空间,所述第二支撑件101设置于所述容纳空间内。
在一示例中,所述壳体为立方体结构,例如为六面体,包括正六面体、平行六面体,但是并不局限于所列举的示例,其他规则的立方体结构能够容纳所述第二支撑件101和所述减震组件并能够较好的安装固定的均可以 应用于本申请。
其中,所述第二支撑件101也可以为立方体结构,例如六面体,包括正六面体、平行六面体,当然还可以为球形等形状,并不局限于所述示例。
在本申请的一实施例中,所述第一支撑件100和所述第二支撑件101均为正六面体,其中所述第一支撑件100的体积大于所述第二支撑件101的体积以容纳所述第二支撑件101并且在两者之间形成固定所述减震组件的空间,所述第一支撑件100和所述第二支撑件101具体尺寸并不局限于某一数值范围。
其中,所述第一支撑件100上还设置有外部固定件105,其中,所述第二支撑件101和所述外部固定件105中的一个用于连接所述可移动平台上,所述第二支撑件101和所述外部固定件105中的另一个用于连接所述负载上,通过所述第一支撑件100和所述外部固定件105将所述负载固定于所述可移动平台上。
其中,所述外部固定件105固定设置于所述第一支撑件100的任意表面上,例如可以为圆形吸盘等结构。
其中,所述第二支撑件101经连接结构106将所述第二支撑件101固定于所述负载上或所述可移动平台上,例如所述连接结构106的第一端与所述第二支撑件101连接,所述连接结构106的第二端延伸出所述第一支撑件100从而将所述第二支撑件101固定于所述负载上或所述可移动平台上。
可选地,所述外部固定件105和所述连接结构106分别设置于所述第一支撑件100上相对设置的两个表面。
所述连接结构106可以为连接杆,所述连接杆包括杆状主体和与所述杆状主体连接的固定端,所述固定端的面积大于杆状主体的面积,以形成T字型结构,以便于通过面积大的固定端固定于所述负载上或所述可移动平台上。
进一步,所述杆状主体与所述第一支撑件100相接触的界面上还设置有卡接结构,用于将所述杆状主体固定于所述第一支撑件100上,并且通过所述连接杆实现所述第二支撑件101的固定。
其中,如图1D所示,所述减震组件包括:
弹性材料104,设置于所述第一支撑件100和所述第二支撑件101之 间;
所述弹性材料104的两端分别设置有第一磁性结构102和第二磁性结构103,在本申请的一实施例中,第一磁性结构102,固定于所述弹性材料104和所述第一支撑件100之间;第二磁性结构103,固定于所述弹性材料104和所述第二支撑件101之间。
其中,所述弹性材料104可以为弹簧、橡胶和塑料中的至少一种,并不局限于某一种,只要具有较高的阻尼性能的材料均可以应用于本申请,在此不做限定。
在本申请的一实施例中,所述弹性材料104为弹簧,本申请下面均以弹簧为例对所述减震结构进行解释和说明。
其中,所述第一磁性结构102和第二磁性结构103中的至少一个为电磁机构,通过调节所述电磁机构的电磁控制信号,能够改变减震频率,以适应不同大小的负载,提高所述减震结构的适用性。
具体地,所述电磁机构通过电磁感应原理将电能转换成机械能,带动弹性材料104动作,以实现减震目的。
可选地,所述电磁机构由线圈、铁芯和衔铁组成,所述电磁机构可以为直动式和拍合式,在此不做限定。在本申请中通过调节线圈内的电流的大小从而改变减震频率,以适应不同大小的负载。
在本申请的一实施例中,所述第一磁性结构102和第二磁性结构103中的一个为电磁机构,另一个可以为磁性材料,所述磁性材料为常规的磁性材料,在此不再一一列举。
在本申请中所述电磁机构中的电磁力具有显著的非线性特性,作用力与距离的平方成反比,所述电磁机构为性能良好的电磁弹簧,当所述减震结构分别与所述负载和所述可移动平台连接之后,所述可移动平台产生的振动经所述连接杆传递至所述电磁机构,当所述弹簧由于可移动平台的振动发生形变时,由于电磁力具有显著的非线性特性,此时电磁机构会产生与所述振动相反的运动和作用力,从而与所述振动相抵消,起到减震的目的。
其中,所述减震模块的数目至少为三个,以分别在三个不同的方向上进行减震。
在本申请的一实施例中,所述壳体为立方体结构,在所述立方体结构 的至少三个内壁上设置有所述减震模块,其中至少三个内壁的延伸方向彼此垂直,例如所述三个内部的延伸方向分别为坐标系的X轴、Y轴和Z轴的方向。
当在所述壳体相互垂直的三个内壁上设置所述减震模块时,则所述弹性材料104的两端需要固定于所述第一磁性结构102和所述第二磁性结构103上,以防止所述弹性材料104脱落,例如可以通过粘结或者通过螺栓螺母等固定结构进行固定。
在本申请的另一实施例中,所述壳体为立方体结构,在所述立方体结构所有的六个内壁上均设置有所述减震模块,当每个所述内壁上均设置所述减震模块时,所述弹性材料104的两端既可以固定于所述第一磁性结构102和所述第二磁性结构103上,也可以限位于所述第一磁性结构102和所述第二磁性结构103之间,由于相对的内壁相互对称,可以将所述弹性材料104相互挤压在第一磁性结构102和所述第二磁性结构103之间,从而起到固定作用。
作为示例,所述第一磁性结构102和所述第二磁性结构103上设置有限位件,所述弹性材料104通过所述限位件设置于所述第一磁性结构102和所述第二磁性结构103之间。
可选地,所述限位件可以为凹槽,所述弹性材料104嵌设于所述凹槽内,从而对所述弹性材料104起到限定作用,防止所述弹性材料104脱落。
其中,所述负载为拍摄设备和云台,所述拍摄设备为相机、摄像机等,在此不再一一列举。在本申请的一实施例中,所述拍摄设备为长焦相机。
其中,所述可移动平台为飞行器、汽车和机器人中的至少一种。在本申请的一实施例中,所述飞行器为无人机,例如多旋翼无人机。
本申请为了解决长期存在的无人机减震系统无法对于不同尺寸负载进行自适应调整、部分工况下减震性能无法满足负载越来越高的减震要求的问题,提供了一种减震结构,通过调节减震结构中的电磁机构的电磁控制信号,能够改变减震频率,根据不同的振动信号输入及负载的减震需求进行自适应调整,在保持可移动平台能够正常工作前提下,消除由于可移动平台的高频振动带来画面抖动的办法。
所述减震结构适用于不同结构形式、不同尺寸大小的无人机及负载,具有适用范围广、可靠性高、体积小的优点。
本申请的第二方面提供了一种可移动平台,在本申请中利用减震结构在可移动平台(例如无人机)上实现变频率减震及主动减震,具体地,如图2所示,所述可移动平台上设置有:
本申请的第一方面所述的减震结构2;
负载4,所述负载4通过所述减震结构2固定于所述可移动平台上;
传感器模块1,配置为检测所述可移动平台移动过程中的振动信号;
控制模块3,分别与所述传感器模块1和所述减震结构2通信连接,配置为接收所述振动信号,根据所述振动信号计算电磁控制信号以及将所述电磁控制信号发送至所述减震结构2,所述减震结构2配置为接收所述电磁控制信号并根据所述电磁控制信号进行运动以减小所述负载4的振动。
在实际应用中所述控制模块3根据传感器模块1接收的信号发出对应的控制指令,多个减震结构2根据控制指令进行运动。通过上述设置可以实现不同减震频率的减震结构以适应不同使用场景或不同尺寸重量的负载,还可以采用主动减震满足更高的减震要求。
首先,控制模块3根据需要调整的频率信息进行处理,转换为结构的位移、速度等信息,按照预设的控制算法,输出各个减震结构2的电磁控制信号;
然后各个减震结构2根据控制模块3输出的控制信号产生做动,通过四个三向控制模块3实现负载4的变频率减震。
其中,所述减震结构的电磁机构配置为能在第一方向、第二方向和第三方向上运动,其中,第一方向、第二方向和第三方向分别为坐标系的X轴、Y轴和Z轴的方向。
在本申请中所述减震结构的控制方向数量可以采用三向,也可以采用单向、双向或其他任意多向,只要进行匹配的减震设计和控制设计。例如在本申请中的一实施例中,通过电磁控制信号控制所有的减震结构的第一方向(X轴方向)中的电磁机构通入电流,仅在第一方向上运动,从而实现第一方向的控制。
进一步,减震结构的数量和位置可以根据需求使用,不限于平面四个,通常需要满足减震结构的数量与减震结构的控制方向数量的乘积不低于6即可实现对于负载的6个方向自由度的控制。在一示例中,所述减震结构的数目至少为3个,通常为6个。
其中,减震结构的连接结构形式可以是前文所述第一支撑件与负载相连接,也可以是外部固定件与负载相连接。其中,用于进行控制的电磁机构即可以设置于靠近第一支撑件的一侧也可以设置于靠近第二支撑件的一侧。
可选地,所述传感器模块可以采用角速度传感器也可以位移传感器等,只要传感器能够表征出其物体的运动状态配合控制算法即可。
所述传感器模块包括:
第一运动传感器,设置于所述可移动平台上,用于测量所述可移动平台的振动信号,
第二运动传感器,设置于所述负载上,用于测量所述负载的振动信号。
在本申请中,通过所述可移动平台的振动信号结合负载的振动信号来计算电磁控制信号,由于负载的振动信号相对于可移动平台的振动信号要小的多,因此在特定场合可以仅根据所述可移动平台的振动信号来计算电磁控制信号。
传感器模块的布置位置可以布置在无人机和负载两个部分的任意位置,不限于减震系统的上方和下方,通过配套的整机模型传递函数都可以满足控制的要求。
在本申请中,控制模块接收所述振动信号,根据所述振动信号计算电磁控制信号以及将所述电磁控制信号发送至所述减震结构,所述减震结构根据所述电磁控制信号进行运动以减小所述负载的振动。
具体地,所述控制模块包括运算单元,配置为接收所述可移动平台移动过程中的振动信号,对所述振动信号进行处理以将所述振动信号转化为运动信号,其中,所述运动信号包括位移和速度中的至少一种;然后根据所述运动信号基于预先设定的控制算法计算所述电磁控制信号。所述运算单元配置为对所述振动信号进行滤波、放大、调节、模拟微分和A/D转换中的至少一种处理,以得到控制模块可以识别和处理的信号。
在本申请中,在对所述负载进行减震之后,需要对减震效果进行评估,一判断是否达到所需的减震效果,根据所述负载的震动情况,确定是否继续调节减震频率。若所述负载的震动情况已经达到目标,则不再调节减震频率,若没有实现减震目标,则继续调节减震频率。
具体地,所述传感器模块还配置为在所述减震结构减震之后再次测量 所述振动信号并传输至所述控制模块,所述控制模块还配置为接收减震后的所述振动信号并根据减震后的所述振动信号重新计算所述电磁控制信号。
通过重复执行以下动作,以逐渐的降低所述负载的振动,提高减震效果:接收所述可移动平台移动过程中的振动信号、计算电磁控制信号、向所述减震结构发送所述电磁控制信号以及接收所述减震结构减震之后的所述振动信号、根据减震后的所述振动信号重新计算所述电磁控制信号和向所述减震结构发送重新计算的所述电磁控制信号。重复执行上述步骤,至检测到负载的震动情况已经达到理想效果之后,则不再调节减震频率,以确定的减震频率对所述负载进行减震。
在本申请的一实施例中,所述可移动平台上设置的所述减震结构、传感器模块和所述控制模块的工作原理如下:
步骤1:数据采集:由于可移动平台的桨叶的转动发生振动反应(加速度、角速度),通过放置在可移动平台上的传感器模块1和负载4连接端的传感器模块进行在线测量;
步骤2:数据处理与传输:传感器模块1测得的振动信号,经过数据处理芯片完成滤波、放大、调节、模拟微分、A/D转换等处理;
步骤3:控制计算:控制模块3根据处理芯片传输的数据进行处理,转换为结构的位移、速度等信息,按照预设的控制算法,输出各个减震结构2的电磁控制信号,并利用可移动平台上的传感器模块1和负载4连接端的传感器模块的数据实现闭环控制,即根据可移动平台的震动情况,计算减震频率,根据负载的震动情况,确定是否继续调节减震频率;
步骤4:各个减震结构2根据控制模块3输出的电磁控制信号进行运动,通过减震结构2实现负载4的减震;
步骤5:不断重复步骤1~步骤4,以减小负载的振动,直至满足设定的要求。
所述可移动平台上的所述减震系统适用范围广、可靠性高、体积小,此外还能够防止负载在极端情况发生脱落现象,并且不仅可以用于无人机,也可以用于其他存在减震需求的其他任意场景。
本申请的第三方面提供了一种负载的减震方法,如图3所示,所述减震方法包括:
步骤S1:获取所述可移动平台移动在运动过程中的振动信号;
其中,所述可移动平台通过减震机构与所述负载机械耦合连接,所述减震结构包括第一支撑件、与所述第一支撑件间隔设置的第二支撑件以及位于所述第一支撑件与所述第二支撑之间的减震组件,所述减震组件包括设置于所述第一支撑件和所述第二支撑件之间的弹性材料、固定于所述弹性材料和所述第一支撑件之间的第一磁性结构、固定于所述弹性材料和所述第二支撑件之间的第二磁性结构;其中,所述第一磁性结构和/或所述第二磁性结构为电磁机构;
步骤S2:根据所述振动信号计算得到电磁控制信号;以及
步骤S3:通过所述电磁控制信号控制所述电磁机构运动,以减小所述负载的振动。
在所述步骤S1中,所述获取所述可移动平台移动过程中的振动信号包括:
通过运动传感器测量所述可移动平台本体的第一振动信号,用来计算所述电磁控制信号;
通过运动传感器测量所述负载的第二振动信号,用来判断是否继续对所述减震结构的减震频率进行调节。
通过所述可移动平台的振动信号结合负载的振动信号来计算电磁控制信号,由于负载的振动信号相对于可移动平台的振动信号要小的多,因此在特定场合可以仅根据所述可移动平台的振动信号来计算电磁控制信号,并且通过所述负载的第二振动信号来判断是否达到所需的减震效果,根据所述负载的震动情况,确定是否继续调节减震频率。
具体地,在所述步骤S1中,包括以下子步骤:
步骤S11:数据采集:由于可移动平台的桨叶的转动发生振动反应(加速度、角速度),并测量振动信号,例如通过放置在可移动平台上的传感器模块在线测量第一振动信号,以及通过负载连接端的传感器模块在线测量所述第二振动信号;
步骤S12:数据处理与传输:传感器模块测得振动信号,经过数据处理芯片完成滤波、放大、调节、模拟微分、A/D转换等处理;
在所述步骤S2中,根据处理芯片传输的数据进行处理,转换为结构的位移、速度等信息,按照预设的控制算法,输出各个减震结构2的电磁控制信号,并利用可移动平台上的传感器模块1和负载连接端的传感器模 块的数据实现闭环控制,即根据可移动平台的震动情况,计算减震频率,根据负载的震动情况,确定是否继续调节减震频率;
步骤3:各个减震结构2根据电磁控制信号进行运动,通过减震结构2实现负载4的减震。
在本申请中不断重复步骤S1~步骤S3,实时减小负载的振动,即重复执行以下步骤:
获取所述可移动平台移动过程中的第一振动信号;
计算电磁控制信号;
通过所述电磁控制信号控制所述电磁机构运动,以减小所述负载的振动;
接收所述电磁机构运动减震之后的第一振动信号;
根据减震后的第一振动信号重新计算所述电磁控制信号;
通过重新计算的所述电磁控制信号控制所述电磁机构运动,以减小所述负载的振动,并根据所述负载的第二振动信号,用来判断是否继续对所述减震结构的减震频率进行调节。
其中,减震结构的数量和位置可以根据需求使用,不限于平面四个,通常需要满足减震结构的数量与减震结构的控制方向数量的乘积不低于6即可实现对于负载的6个方向自由度的控制。在一示例中,所述减震结构的数目至少为3个,通常为6个。
需要说明的是,本申请所述减震方法基于前文所述减震结构和所述可移动平台,前文所述减震结构和所述可移动平台中相关工作原理的解释和说明均可以引入所述减震方法中,在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例的减震方法通过调节所述电磁机构的电磁控制信号,能够改变减震频率,根据不同的振动信号输入及负载的减震需求进行自适应调整,在保持可移动平台能够正常工作前提下,消除由于可移动平台的高频振动带来画面抖动的办法。所述减震方法适用于不同结构形式、不同尺寸大小的无人机及负载,具有适用范围广、可靠性高、体积小的优点。
尽管这里已经参考附图描述了示例实施例,应理解上述示例实施例仅仅是示例性的,并且不意图将本申请的范围限制于此。本领域普通技术人员可以在其中进行各种改变和修改,而不偏离本申请的范围和精神。所有这些改变和修改意在被包括在所附权利要求所要求的本申请的范围之内。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到,结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤,能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行,取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的设备和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的设备实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个设备,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。
在此处所提供的说明书中,说明了大量具体细节。然而,能够理解,本申请的实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践。在一些实例中,并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术,以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。
类似地,应当理解,为了精简本申请并帮助理解各个发明方面中的一个或多个,在对本申请的示例性实施例的描述中,本申请的各个特征有时被一起分组到单个实施例、图、或者对其的描述中。然而,并不应将该本申请的方法解释成反映如下意图:即所要求保护的本申请要求比在每个权利要求中所明确记载的特征更多的特征。更确切地说,如相应的权利要求书所反映的那样,其发明点在于可以用少于某个公开的单个实施例的所有特征的特征来解决相应的技术问题。因此,遵循具体实施方式的权利要求书由此明确地并入该具体实施方式,其中每个权利要求本身都作为本申请的单独实施例。
本领域的技术人员可以理解,除了特征之间相互排斥之外,可以采用任何组合对本说明书(包括伴随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的所有特征以及如此公开的任何方法或者设备的所有过程或单元进行组合。除非另外明确陈述,本说明书(包括伴随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的每个特征可以由提供相同、等同或相似目的的替代特征来代替。
此外,本领域的技术人员能够理解,尽管在此所述的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征,但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本申请的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如,在权利要求书中,所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。
本申请的各个部件实施例可以以硬件实现,或者以在一个或者多个处理 器上运行的软件模块实现,或者以它们的组合实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解,可以在实践中使用微处理器或者数字信号处理器(DSP)来实现根据本申请实施例的一些模块的一些或者全部功能。本申请还可以实现为用于执行这里所描述的方法的一部分或者全部的装置程序(例如,计算机程序和计算机程序产品)。这样的实现本申请的程序可以存储在计算机可读介质上,或者可以具有一个或者多个信号的形式。这样的信号可以从因特网网站上下载得到,或者在载体信号上提供,或者以任何其他形式提供。
应该注意的是上述实施例对本申请进行说明而不是对本申请进行限制,并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例。在权利要求中,不应将位于括号之间的任何参考符号构造成对权利要求的限制。本申请可以借助于包括有若干不同元件的硬件以及借助于适当编程的计算机来实现。在列举了若干装置的单元权利要求中,这些装置中的若干个可以是通过同一个硬件项来具体体现。单词第一、第二、以及第三等的使用不表示任何顺序。可将这些单词解释为名称。
以上所述,仅为本申请的具体实施方式或对具体实施方式的说明,本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种减震结构,其特征在于,所述减震结构包括:
    第一支撑件;
    第二支撑件,与所述第一支撑件间隔设置;
    减震组件,所述减震组件包括:
    弹性材料,设置于所述第一支撑件和所述第二支撑件之间;
    第一磁性结构,固定于所述弹性材料和所述第一支撑件之间;
    第二磁性结构,固定于所述弹性材料和所述第二支撑件之间;其中,所述第一磁性结构和/或所述第二磁性结构为电磁机构;
    其中,所述减震结构用于与负载和可移动平台连接,配置为减小所述负载的振动,并且通过调节所述电磁机构的电磁控制信号能够改变减震频率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的减震结构,其特征在于,所述第一支撑件包括壳体,所述壳体形成有容纳空间,所述第二支撑件设置于所述容纳空间内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的减震结构,其特征在于,所述第一支撑件上还设置有外部固定件,其中,所述第二支撑件和所述外部固定件中的一个用于连接所述可移动平台上,所述第二支撑件和所述外部固定件中的另一个用于连接所述负载上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的减震结构,其特征在于,所述减震结构包括连接结构,所述连接结构的第一端与所述第二支撑件连接,所述连接结构的第二端延伸出所述第一支撑件,配置为将所述第二支撑件固定于所述负载上或所述可移动平台上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的减震结构,其特征在于,在不同方向上分别设置一个所述减震组件,用于不同方向上对所述负载进行减震。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的减震结构,其特征在于,所述第一支撑件为立方体结构,在所述立方体结构的至少三个内壁上设置有所述减震组件,其中至少三个内壁的延伸方向彼此垂直。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的减震结构,其特征在于,所述弹性材料的两端分别固定于所述第一磁性结构和所述第二磁性结构上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的减震结构,其特征在于,所述第一支撑件为 立方体结构,在所述立方体结构的内壁上均设置有所述减震组件。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的减震结构,其特征在于,所述第一磁性结构和所述第二磁性结构上设置有限位件,所述弹性材料通过所述限位件设置于所述第一磁性结构和所述第二磁性结构之间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的减震结构,其特征在于,所述限位件包括凹槽,所述弹性材料嵌设于所述凹槽内。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的减震结构,其特征在于,所述弹性材料包括弹簧、橡胶和塑料中的至少一种。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11之一所述的减震结构,其特征在于,所述负载包括拍摄设备,所述可移动平台为飞行器、汽车和机器人中的至少一种。
  13. 一种可移动平台,其特征在于,所述可移动平台上设置有:
    权利要求1至12之一所述的减震结构;
    负载,所述负载通过所述减震结构固定于所述可移动平台上;
    传感器模块,配置为检测所述可移动平台移动过程中的振动信号;
    控制模块,分别与所述传感器模块和所述减震结构通信连接,配置为接收所述振动信号,根据所述振动信号计算电磁控制信号以及将所述电磁控制信号发送至所述减震结构,所述减震结构配置为接收所述电磁控制信号并根据所述电磁控制信号进行运动以减小所述负载的振动。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述减震结构的数目与所述减震结构控制方向的数目的乘积不小于6。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述减震结构的数目至少为3个。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述传感器模块包括:
    第一运动传感器,设置于所述可移动平台上,用于检测所述可移动平台的第一振动信号;
    第二运动传感器,设置于所述负载上,用于检测所述负载的第二振动信号。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述第一运动传感器和所述第二运动传感器为角速度传感器或位移传感器。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述传感器模 块还配置为在所述减震结构减震之后再次测量第一振动信号并传输至所述控制模块,所述控制模块还配置为接收减震后的第一振动信号并根据减震后的第一振动信号重新计算所述电磁控制信号,以及根据所述第二振动信号判断是否继续对所述减震结构的减震频率进行调节。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述控制模块配置为循环执行以下动作:接收所述可移动平台移动过程中的第一振动信号、计算电磁控制信号、向所述减震结构发送所述电磁控制信号以及接收所述减震结构减震之后的第一振动信号、根据减震后的第一振动信号重新计算所述电磁控制信号和向所述减震结构发送重新计算的所述电磁控制信号。
  20. 根据权利要求13至19之一所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述控制模块包括运算单元,配置为接收所述可移动平台移动过程中的振动信号,对所述振动信号进行处理以将所述振动信号转化为运动信号,以及根据所述运动信号计算所述电磁控制信号。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述运动信号包括位移和速度中的至少一种。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述运算单元配置为根据所述运动信号基于预先设定的控制算法计算所述电磁控制信号。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述运算单元配置为对所述振动信号进行滤波、放大、调节、模拟微分和A/D转换中的至少一种处理。
  24. 根据权利要求13至23之一所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述减震结构的电磁机构配置为能在第一方向、第二方向和第三方向上运动。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述控制模块配置为发送电磁控制信号以控制所述减震结构在第一方向、第二方向和第三方向中的至少一个方向上运动。
  26. 根据权利要求13至23所述的可移动平台,其特征在于,所述可移动平台包括无人飞行器、汽车和机器人中的至少一种。
  27. 一种负载的减震方法,其特征在于,所述减震方法包括:
    获取可移动平台移动在运动过程中的振动信号,其中,所述可移动平台通过减震结构与所述负载机械耦合连接,所述减震结构包括第一支撑件、 与所述第一支撑件间隔设置的第二支撑件以及位于所述第一支撑件与所述第二支撑之间的减震组件,所述减震组件包括设置于所述第一支撑件和所述第二支撑件之间的弹性材料、固定于所述弹性材料和所述第一支撑件之间的第一磁性结构、固定于所述弹性材料和所述第二支撑件之间的第二磁性结构;其中,所述第一磁性结构和/或所述第二磁性结构为电磁机构;
    根据所述振动信号计算得到电磁控制信号;以及
    通过所述电磁控制信号控制所述电磁机构运动,以减小所述负载的振动。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的减震方法,其特征在于,所述获取所述可移动平台移动过程中的振动信号包括:
    通过运动传感器测量所述可移动平台本体的第一振动信号,以用来计算所述电磁控制信号;
    通过运动传感器测量所述负载的第二振动信号,以用来判断是否继续对所述减震结构的减震频率进行调节。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的减震方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括按照先后顺序循环执行以下步骤:
    获取所述可移动平台移动过程中的第一振动信号;
    计算电磁控制信号;
    通过所述电磁控制信号控制所述电磁机构运动,以减小所述负载的振动;
    接收所述电磁机构运动减震之后的第一振动信号;
    根据减震后的第一振动信号重新计算所述电磁控制信号;
    通过重新计算的所述电磁控制信号控制所述电磁机构运动,以减小所述负载的振动。
  30. 根据权利要求28或29所述的减震方法,其特征在于,所述减震方法还包括:
    对所述第一振动信号进行处理,以将所述第一振动信号转化为运动信号;
    根据所述运动信号计算所述减震结构进行运动的电磁控制信号。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的减震方法,其特征在于,所述运动信号包括位移和速度中的至少一种。
  32. 根据权利要求30所述的减震方法,其特征在于,根据所述运动信号计算所述减震结构进行运动的电磁控制信号包括:
    根据所述运动信号基于预先设定的控制算法计算所述电磁控制信号。
  33. 根据权利要求30所述的减震方法,其特征在于,对所述振动信号进行处理包括对所述振动信号进行滤波、放大、调节、模拟微分和A/D转换中的至少一种处理。
  34. 根据权利要求27所述的减震方法,其特征在于,通过所述电磁控制信号控制所述电磁机构运动,以减小所述负载的振动包括:
    通过所述电磁控制信号控制所述电磁机构在第一方向、第二方向和第三方向中的至少一个方向上运动。
  35. 根据权利要求27至34所述的减震方法,其特征在于,所述移动平台包括无人飞行器、汽车和机器人中的至少一种。
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