WO2023272430A1 - 一种断路器及供电系统 - Google Patents

一种断路器及供电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023272430A1
WO2023272430A1 PCT/CN2021/102738 CN2021102738W WO2023272430A1 WO 2023272430 A1 WO2023272430 A1 WO 2023272430A1 CN 2021102738 W CN2021102738 W CN 2021102738W WO 2023272430 A1 WO2023272430 A1 WO 2023272430A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil
circuit breaker
driver
switch
power supply
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/102738
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毕撒尔艾拉
斯蒂德尔安德烈亚斯
赵福高
王帅
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to EP21947394.9A priority Critical patent/EP4340149A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/102738 priority patent/WO2023272430A1/zh
Priority to CN202180099302.7A priority patent/CN117529861A/zh
Publication of WO2023272430A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023272430A1/zh
Priority to US18/543,166 priority patent/US20240120826A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power supply, in particular to a circuit breaker and a power supply system.
  • circuit breakers are needed to realize functions such as power distribution and protection.
  • the current power supply system uses the circuit breaker shown in Figure 1.
  • the coils connected in series in the power loop generate a magnetic field and attract the armature.
  • the armature hits the lever to disengage the catch, at this time the spring recovers from the stretched state, and the main contact is pulled to realize the breaking function.
  • This kind of circuit breaker has many linkage devices in the breaking process, such as springs, hooks, levers and armatures, etc. The linkage time is relatively long and the breaking speed is relatively slow.
  • the application provides a circuit breaker and a power supply system, which can be broken quickly.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker is arranged between the DC power supply and the load, and the circuit breaker includes a first coil, a second coil, a switch unit, and a driver; wherein, the switch unit and The drives form a ganged connection.
  • the DC power supply is coupled to the first end of the first coil and the first end of the second coil, the second end of the first coil and the second end of the second coil are both coupled to one end of the switch unit, and the other end of the switch unit One end is coupled to the above load.
  • the inductance of the above-mentioned first coil is smaller than the inductance of the above-mentioned second coil, and when the current growth rate of the above-mentioned first coil is greater than a preset threshold, the first coil can generate a magnetic field.
  • the above-mentioned switch unit is driven to be turned off under induction.
  • the circuit breaker adopts a different structure, and the repulsion between the magnetic field generated by the coil and the driver is used to move the driver from the vicinity of the coil to the far away, driving the switch unit to realize breaking, and the breaking speed is fast , and the switch in the circuit breaker has a long life and good reliability.
  • the DC impedance of the first coil is greater than the DC impedance of the second coil.
  • the DC impedance of the second coil is configured to be small, which can reduce the power consumption of the power supply system.
  • the above-mentioned first coil includes a helical coil; the above-mentioned driver is arranged to cut the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field generated by the helical coil , and the plane where the driver is located is parallel to the plane where the helical coil is located.
  • the above-mentioned first coil includes a spring coil; the above-mentioned driver is arranged to cut the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field generated by the spring coil , and the plane where the driver is located is perpendicular to the axial direction of the spring coil.
  • the circuit breaker further includes a buckle, which can be driven by the driver After the switch unit is disconnected, the position of the driver is fixed.
  • the first coil when the current increase rate of the first coil is greater than the preset threshold, the first coil generates a magnetic field so that the driver moves away from the The direction of the first coil moves; the above-mentioned buckle is arranged within the range of the moving path of the above-mentioned driver.
  • the switch unit includes a first switch subunit and a second switch subunit, and the first switch subunit and The above-mentioned driver forms a linkage connection.
  • the above-mentioned first coil When the current growth rate of the above-mentioned first coil is greater than the above-mentioned preset threshold, the above-mentioned first coil can generate a magnetic field, and the above-mentioned driver drives the first switch subunit to turn off under the induction of the magnetic field; the above-mentioned second The second switch subunit is connected in parallel with the first switch subunit, and the second switch subunit can be turned on when the first switch subunit is turned off, so as to extinguish the arc of the first switch subunit.
  • the second switching subunit includes a first switching tube; the first end of the first switching tube is coupled to the first coil of the first coil.
  • the two terminals are connected to the second terminal of the second coil, and the second terminal of the first switching tube is coupled to the load.
  • the second switch subunit further includes a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, and a fourth A diode; wherein, the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the third diode are coupled to the second end of the first coil and the second end of the second coil; the first diode The cathode and the cathode of the second diode are coupled to the first end of the first switch tube; the anode of the third diode and the anode of the fourth diode are coupled to the second end of the first switch tube; Both the anode of the second diode and the cathode of the fourth diode are coupled to the load.
  • the circuit breaker further includes an energy absorbing unit; the energy absorbing unit is connected in parallel to the above-mentioned Both ends of the second switch subunit can clamp the voltage at both ends of the second switch subunit when the second switch subunit is turned off.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a power supply system.
  • the power supply system includes a DC power supply, a load, and a circuit breaker in combination with the first aspect or in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the circuit breaker can be used in the When a short circuit occurs in the power supply system, disconnect the connection between the DC power supply and the load.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit breaker in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit breaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the circuit breaker provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is the current schematic diagram of the circuit breaker short-circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is another circuit diagram of the circuit breaker provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIGS. 7A-7B are schematic diagrams of the position of the helical coil and the driver provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • 8A-8B are schematic diagrams of the positions of the spring coil and the driver provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power supply system includes a DC power supply 21 , a circuit breaker 22 and a load 23 .
  • the output end of the DC power supply 21 is coupled to one end of the circuit breaker 22
  • the other end of the circuit breaker 22 is coupled to the load 23 .
  • the "coupling" described in this application refers to direct or indirect connection.
  • the coupling between A and B can be a direct connection between A and B, or an indirect connection between A and B through one or more other electrical components.
  • it can be a direct connection between A and C, and a direct connection between C and B. , so that A and B are connected through C.
  • the DC power supply 21 can be, for example, a power battery (such as a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, etc.) or a storage battery.
  • the DC power supply 21 can also be used to couple the upper stage circuit such as AC/DC converter (Alternating Current/Direct-Current converter) or other DC/DC converters (such as BUCK converter, BOOST converter, BUCK-BOOST converter, etc.) etc.
  • the DC power supply 21 can be a direct power supply, or an indirect power supply transmitted through a circuit.
  • the load 23 can be, for example, a photovoltaic inverter, an electric vehicle, other DC/DC converters or DC/AC converters (Direct-Current/Alternating Current converter) and the like.
  • the circuit breaker 22 can disconnect the connection between the DC power supply 21 and the load 23 when a short circuit occurs in the power supply system.
  • the circuit breaker 22 adopts a different structure, and uses the repulsion between the magnetic field generated by the coil and the driver to move the driver from the vicinity of the coil to the far away, driving the switch unit to achieve breaking, and the breaking speed Fast, and the switches in the circuit breaker have a long life and good reliability.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit breaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the circuit breaker 32 is disposed between the DC power supply 31 and the load 33 , and the circuit breaker 32 includes a first coil 321 , a second coil 322 , a switch unit 323 and a driver 324 .
  • the DC power supply 31 is coupled to the first end of the first coil 321 and the first end of the second coil 322, and the second end of the first coil 321 and the second end of the second coil 322 are both coupled to one end of the switch unit 323 , the other end of the switch unit 323 is coupled to the load 33 .
  • the inductance of the first coil 321 is smaller than that of the second coil 322 .
  • the first coil may have an iron core, and the iron core is used to increase the inductance of the first coil, so that the inductance of the first coil is smaller than that of the second coil.
  • the switch unit 323 may include a mechanical switch, such as a micro switch, which acts on an action part (such as an action reed, an action lever, etc.) by an external mechanical force, so that the action part and the fixed contact of the micro switch On or off.
  • the external mechanical force of the micro switch comes from the driver 324 which has a linkage connection with it.
  • the driver 324 may be a metal conductor, such as a closed ring or disk made of copper, aluminum, or the like. Further, the driver 324 may also be a magnetic conductor, such as a magnetic disk.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the circuit breaker provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first coil can be equivalent to a resistor R TC connected in series with an inductor L TC
  • the second coil can be equivalent to a resistor R SC connected in series with an inductor L SC .
  • the first coil and the second coil are respectively represented as a wire winding
  • FIG. 4 is an electrical equivalent for the convenience of analyzing the current change in the circuit breaker.
  • the DC power supply may be coupled to the circuit breaker through the inductor L1.
  • one end of the DC power supply is coupled to the inductor L1
  • the other end of the inductor L1 is coupled to the first end of the first coil and the first end of the second coil
  • the second end of the first coil is coupled to the second end of the second coil.
  • Both terminals are coupled to one end of a switch unit (such as a switch SM1 )
  • the other end of the switch SM1 is coupled to a load (such as a resistor RL ).
  • the inductor L1 can filter the output voltage of the DC power supply.
  • the inductance of the first coil is smaller than the inductance of the second coil, which can be understood as L TC ⁇ L SC .
  • the size relationship between the two can be specifically expressed as:
  • ⁇ is a natural number greater than 1, and the value of ⁇ is related to the specific application of the circuit breaker, such as the supply current of the power supply system where the circuit breaker is located, the distance between the driver and the first coil, and the like.
  • the DC resistance of the first coil is greater than the DC resistance of the second coil, which can be understood as R TC >R SC .
  • the resistance value of the resistor R TC is much greater than the resistance value of the resistor R SC .
  • the direct current output by the direct current power supply is 10A. Since the direct current resistance of the resistor R SC is relatively small, the resistance to direct current is relatively small, and the current flowing through the second coil can reach 9.999A.
  • the DC impedance of the second coil is configured to be small, which can reduce the power consumption of the power supply system.
  • the current change of the circuit breaker is shown in Figure 5.
  • the abscissa (time t) in Figure 5 is at the microsecond ⁇ s level
  • the current i1 It can be understood as the current on the series branch of the power supply system where the circuit breaker is located (that is, the current at the parallel connection point of the first coil and the second coil)
  • the current I TC can be understood as the current of the first coil
  • the current I SC can be understood as The current of the second coil.
  • the sum of the current I TC and the current I SC is the current i1.
  • the current i1 increases rapidly, because the inductance of the second coil is greater than that of the first coil, that is, the resistance of the inductance L SC to the current i1 is rapid becomes larger, so it can be seen from Figure 5 that before the time t1, the current i1 is almost equal to the current I TC , that is, it can be understood that the current of the circuit breaker is transferred from the second coil to the first coil when the power supply system is short-circuited , the current of the first coil increases continuously.
  • the first coil when the rate of increase of the current passing through the first coil is greater than a preset threshold value, the first coil is magnetized by electricity under the condition of its own current variation to generate a first magnetic field.
  • the driver is placed at the position of cutting the magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field.
  • Lenz the driver generates electricity from magnetism, and induces a current, and the current further generates a second magnetic field, which is compatible with the first magnetic field.
  • the direction of the first magnetic field generated by the coil is opposite, preventing the first magnetic field from being strengthened.
  • the first coil generates a repulsive force to the driver, pushing the driver to move away from the first coil, and driving the switch SM1 to turn off.
  • the preset threshold is a device attribute of the first coil, which is related to the number of turns of the first coil, whether the first coil has an iron core, etc., and can be used to measure the sensitivity of the first coil to its own current change , the smaller the preset threshold, the higher the sensitivity of the first coil to the change of its own current.
  • the first coil has an iron core.
  • Switch SM1 is open.
  • the first coil does not have an iron core, or has a smaller iron core.
  • the strength of the first magnetic field generated by the first coil will have a negative impact on the driver.
  • the repulsive force can drive the switch SM1 to turn off within the second time period.
  • the first time period may be less than the second time period
  • the first preset threshold may also be less than the second preset threshold.
  • the first coil with an iron core is more sensitive to its own current change, and can generate a magnetic field with higher magnetic field strength in a shorter time to quickly turn off the switch SM1 to avoid arc generation. Therefore, in this embodiment of the present application, first coils with different numbers of turns or coils with or without an iron core may be selected, and different first coils correspond to different preset thresholds, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the driver's resistance to the enhancement of the first magnetic field becomes weaker, the magnetic induction of the first coil increases (that is, the inductance increases), and the inductance of the first coil increases at time t1 to be larger than the inductive reactance of the second coil, that is, L TC >L SC .
  • the current I TC becomes smaller (that is, the current of the first coil decreases), and the current I SC increases (that is, the current of the second coil increases), that is, the current of the circuit breaker is partially transferred to the second coil.
  • the current of the first coil decreases, the repulsion force of the first coil to the driver also decreases accordingly.
  • the change of the current is: before the time t1, it can be understood that the current of the power supply system flows through the first coil, and the first coil The increase rate of the current can be sensed and a magnetic field is generated. At this time, the first coil generates repulsion to the driver; after time t1, it can be understood that the current of the power supply system flows through the first coil and the second coil respectively, and the current of the first coil decreases. Small, the repulsive force will still be generated on the driver, but the repulsive force generated at this time will decrease as the current of the first coil decreases and the distance between the driver and the first coil becomes larger.
  • the driver moves away from the first coil by the repulsive force, driving the switch SM1 to turn off. Since the initial distance between the driver and the first coil is short at the moment when the power supply system is short-circuited, the repulsion force of the first coil to the driver is relatively large, and the acceleration of the driver is also relatively large, which drives the switch SM1 to turn off quickly.
  • the suction force is used to pull the armature from the far side of the coil to the near side to realize breaking, but in the embodiment of the present application, the repulsive force is used to move the driver from the near side to the far side of the coil to realize breaking. In other words, the driver receives a large repulsion force from the coil at the beginning, and can quickly realize breaking.
  • the switch SM1 can be completely turned off before the time t1, and after the time t1, the repulsion force received by the driver becomes smaller, and the acceleration of the movement also becomes smaller.
  • the circuit breaker in the embodiment of the present application can The buckle is set within the moving path range of the driver, and the buckle can fix the position of the driver after the driver drives the switch SM1 to be disconnected.
  • the acceleration of the movement becomes smaller, so that the impact force of the driver on the buckle is greatly reduced, avoiding irreversible damage to the buckle, and prolonging the life of the circuit breaker .
  • FIG. 6 is another circuit diagram of the circuit breaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the difference between the circuit diagram of the circuit breaker shown in FIG. 6 and the circuit diagram of the circuit breaker shown in FIG. 4 is that the switch unit in FIG. switch subunit.
  • the driver is specifically linked with the switch SM1, and when the current growth rate of the first coil is greater than a preset threshold, the first coil generates a magnetic field, and the driver drives the switch SM1 to turn off under the induction of the magnetic field.
  • the second switch subunit is connected in parallel with the switch SM1, and the second switch subunit can be turned on when the switch SM1 is turned off, so as to extinguish the arc of the switch SM1.
  • the second switch subunit may specifically include a first switch tube.
  • the first switch tube is an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT as an example.
  • the collector of the IGBT Q1) is coupled to the second end of the first coil and the second end of the second coil, and the second end of the first switching tube (ie, the emitter of the IGBT Q1) is coupled to a load (eg, a resistor RL ).
  • the third terminal of the first switch tube (ie, the gate of IGBT Q1) may be coupled to a controller, and the controller controls the voltage between the collector and emitter of IGBT Q1 by controlling the voltage output to the gate of IGBT Q1.
  • the controller outputs a high level (such as 3.3V) to the gate of IGBT Q1, and the collector and emitter of IGBT Q1 are turned on; another example is that the controller outputs a low level to the gate of IGBT Q1 level (eg 0V), the collector and emitter of IGBT Q1 are disconnected.
  • the gate of the IGBT Q1 can be coupled to the DC power supply through a resistor or inductor, and when the DC power supply is short-circuited, a large current is transmitted to the gate of the IGBT Q1, so that the collector and the emitter of the IGBT Q1 are turned on.
  • a semiconductor switch is added. When the power supply system is working normally, since the semiconductor switch (for example, the impedance of IGBT Q1 is milliohm (m ⁇ ) level) is greater than the mechanical switch (such as the impedance of switch SM1 is micro-ohm (m ⁇ ) ⁇ ) level), IGBT Q1 is disconnected, and the current output by the DC power supply flows through the switch SM1.
  • the switch SM1 when the switch SM1 is about to be turned off, the switch SM1 will generate an arc due to the instantaneous change of the current, so when the switch SM1 is turned off, the IGBT Q1 is turned on, so that the current can be transferred to the IGBT Q1, so that the switch SM1 can be safely turned off. After the switch SM1 is safely disconnected, the IGBT Q1 is turned off. Since the turn-off response of the IGBT Q1 is very fast (nanosecond (ns) level), the embodiment of the present application can not only ensure the safe disconnection of the mechanical switch, but also ensure the The breaking speed of the circuit breaker is high in safety and reliability.
  • ns nanosecond
  • a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 may be connected in series between the collector of the IGBT Q1 and the emitter of the IGBT Q1.
  • One end of the resistor R1 is coupled to the collector of the IGBT Q1
  • the other end of the resistor R1 is coupled to one end of the capacitor C1
  • the other end of the capacitor C1 is coupled to the emitter of the IGBT Q1. That is, the series coupling of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 can reduce the peak pulse between the collector and the emitter of the IGBT Q1 at the moment when the IGBT Q1 is turned off.
  • the fifth diode D5 can also be connected in parallel at both ends of the resistor R1, wherein the anode of the fifth diode D5 is coupled to one end of the resistor R1, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is coupled to the other end of the resistor R1, and the IGBT At the moment when Q1 is turned off, the current of the power supply system flows from the fifth diode D5 to charge the capacitor C1, which responds quickly and prevents overvoltage between the collector and emitter of IGBT Q1.
  • the second switch subunit shown in FIG. 6 further includes a rectifier bridge (such as the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3 and the Four diodes D4), wherein, the anode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the third diode D3 couple the second end of the first coil and the second end of the second coil, the first diode D1
  • the cathode and the cathode of the second diode D2 are coupled to the first end of the first switching tube (such as the collector of IGBT Q1), and the anode of the third diode D3 and the anode of the fourth diode D4 are coupled to the first switching tube
  • the second terminal of the IGBT Q1 (such as the emitter of the IGBT Q1), the anode of the second diode D2 and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 are all coupled to a load (such as the resistor RL ).
  • an energy absorbing unit is connected in parallel at both ends of the second switch subunit.
  • the energy absorbing unit may specifically be a metal oxide varistor.
  • the second switch subunit When the second switch subunit is turned off, the second switch subunit The voltage across the two switch subunits is clamped.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of the positions of the helical coil and the driver provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first coil is a helical coil
  • the plane where the driver is located is parallel to the plane where the helical coil is located.
  • the output current of the DC power supply is from A Flowing to B, that is, the current direction of the helical coil is counterclockwise.
  • the driver 7A is the N-pole direction shown in FIG. 7A .
  • the driver is arranged at the position of cutting the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field generated by the helical coil. Taking the position of the driver in FIG. 7A as an example, the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field generated by the helical coil pass through the driver along the N pole direction of the magnetic field lines.
  • the magnetic induction line induces a clockwise current in the driver
  • the driver induces the current
  • the direction of the generated magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the helical coil
  • the driver and the helical coil interact Repulsion
  • the driver is repulsed by the magnetic field generated by the helical coil
  • the direction is vertically upward (that is, the magnetic field line N pole direction of the magnetic field generated by the helical coil)
  • the driver moves upward and drives the switch unit to turn off.
  • the driver can also be arranged at the position shown in FIG. 7B , the center of the driver in FIG.
  • the driver provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be arranged on the S pole side of the helical coil, which can be understood as being symmetrical with the driver in FIG. 7A or 7B about the center of the helical coil (not shown in the figure).
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of the positions of the spring coil and the driver provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first coil is a spring coil
  • the plane where the driver is located is perpendicular to the axial direction of the spring coil.
  • the output current of the DC power supply flows from C to At D, according to the right-hand spiral rule, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the spring coil in Figure 8A is the N pole direction shown in Figure 8A, and the driver is set at the position of cutting the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field generated by the spring coil, as shown in Figure 8A
  • the driver is set at the position of cutting the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field generated by the spring coil, as shown in Figure 8A
  • the magnetic field line generated by the spring coil passes through the driver along the N-pole direction of the magnetic field line, and according to Lenz’s law, the magnetic field line induces a clockwise direction in the driver Current, the current induced by the driver, the direction of the magnetic field generated is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the spring coil, then the driver and the spring coil repel each other, and the driver is repelled by the magnetic field generated by the spring coil, and the direction is vertically upward ( That is, the
  • the driver can also be arranged at the position shown in FIG. 8B , the center of the driver in FIG. 8B is on the central axis of the spring coil, and the plane where the driver is located is perpendicular to the axial direction of the spring coil.
  • the density passing through the driver in Fig. 8B is larger, and the induced current is also larger, so the repulsion force received by the driver in Fig. 8B is larger, and the breaking is faster.
  • the driver provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be arranged on the S pole side of the spring coil, which can be understood as being symmetrical with the driver in FIG. 8A or FIG. 8B about the center of the spring coil (not shown in the figure).
  • FIGS. 7A to 8B specifically present the placement position of the driver, which is only an exemplary illustration of the magnetic field lines generated by the driver cutting the helical coil, and should not be construed as limiting the placement position of the driver. .
  • FIGS. 7A to 8B are only illustrated by taking the shape of the driver as a ring as an example, and should not be construed as limiting the shape of the driver.
  • the driver can be a conductor in a closed shape such as a square or a rectangle.
  • the first coil (such as a helical coil, a spring coil, etc.) provided in the embodiment of the present application can be packaged with the driver into a product, specifically presented as a device, and manufactured by the same manufacturer.
  • the first coil (such as a helical coil, a spring coil, etc.) provided in the embodiment of the present application may also be presented as two components separately from the driver.
  • the present application does not limit the specific presentation forms of the first coil and the driver.
  • the units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units; Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种断路器及供电系统，该断路器设于直流电源与负载之间，该断路器包括第一线圈、第二线圈、开关单元以及驱动器；其中，开关单元与驱动器形成联动连接；直流电源耦合第一线圈的第一端和第二线圈的第一端，第一线圈的第二端与第二线圈的第二端均耦合开关单元的一端；开关单元的另一端耦合所述负载；第一线圈的感抗小于第二线圈的感抗，在第一线圈的电流增长速率大于预设阈值时，第一线圈产生磁场，驱动器在该磁场的感应下带动开关单元断开。本申请中的断路器采用不一样的结构，利用线圈产生的磁场与驱动器之间的斥力，带动开关单元来实现分断，分断速度快，并且断路器中的开关寿命长，可靠性好。

Description

一种断路器及供电系统 技术领域
本申请涉及供电技术领域，尤其是一种断路器及供电系统。
背景技术
在供电系统中，需要用到断路器来实现配电以及保护等功能。目前供电系统采用的是图1中示出的断路器，当功率回路中的电流瞬间发生变化，串联在功率回路中的线圈产生磁场，吸合衔铁。在吸合衔铁的过程中，衔铁撞击杠杆使得搭钩脱开，此时弹簧从拉伸状态恢复原状，牵引主触头实现分断功能。这种断路器在分断过程中具有很多联动装置，比如弹簧、搭钩、杠杆和衔铁等，联动时间比较长，分断速度比较慢。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种断路器及供电系统，可以快速分断。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种断路器，该断路器设于直流电源与负载之间，该断路器包括第一线圈、第二线圈、开关单元以及驱动器；其中，该开关单元与该驱动器形成联动连接。该直流电源耦合第一线圈的第一端和第二线圈的第一端，该第一线圈的第二端与该第二线圈的第二端均耦合上述开关单元的一端，该开关单元的另一端耦合上述负载。在具体实现中，上述第一线圈的感抗小于上述第二线圈的感抗，在上述第一线圈的电流增长速率大于预设阈值时，该第一线圈可以产生磁场，上述驱动器在该磁场的感应下带动上述开关单元关断。在本申请实施例中，断路器采用了不一样的结构，利用线圈产生的磁场与驱动器之间的斥力，将驱动器从线圈的近处移动到远处，带动开关单元来实现分断，分断速度快，并且断路器中的开关寿命长，可靠性好。
结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，上述第一线圈的直流阻抗大于上述第二线圈的直流阻抗。本申请实施例中将第二线圈的直流阻抗配置得较小，可以降低供电系统的功耗。
结合第一方面或结合第一方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，上述第一线圈包括螺旋线圈；上述驱动器设置在切割该螺旋线圈产生的磁场的磁感线的位置，且该驱动器所在的平面与该螺旋线圈所在的平面平行。
结合第一方面或结合第一方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，上述第一线圈包括弹簧线圈；上述驱动器设置在切割该弹簧线圈产生的磁场的磁感线的位置，且该驱动器所在的平面垂直于该弹簧线圈的轴向方向。
结合第一方面第二种可能实现的方式或结合第一方面第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，上述断路器还包括卡扣，该卡扣可以在上述驱动器带动上述开关单元断开之后，固定该驱动器的位置。
结合第一方面第四种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，在上述第一线圈的电流增长速率大于上述预设阈值时，该第一线圈产生磁场，使得上述驱动器沿远离该第一线圈的方向移动；上述卡扣设置在上述驱动器移动的路径的范围内。
结合第一方面或结合第一方面任意一种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，上述开关单元包括第一开关子单元和第二开关子单元，该第一开关子单元与上述驱动器形 成联动连接，在上述第一线圈的电流增长速率大于上述预设阈值时，上述第一线圈可以产生磁场，上述驱动器在该磁场的感应下带动该第一开关子单元断开；上述第二开关子单元与该第一开关子单元并联，该第二开关子单元可以在该第一开关子单元断开时导通，以对该第一开关子单元进行灭弧。
结合第一方面第六种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，上述第二开关子单元包括第一开关管；该第一开关管的第一端耦合上述第一线圈的第二端和上述第二线圈的第二端，该第一开关管的第二端耦合上述负载。本申请实施例既可以保证机械开关安全分断，也可以保证断路器的分断速度，安全性高，可靠性好。
结合第一方面第七种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，上述第二开关子单元还包括第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管和第四二极管；其中，该第一二极管的阳极和该第三二极管的阴极均耦合上述第一线圈的第二端和上述第二线圈的第二端；该第一二极管的阴极和该第二二极管的阴极耦合该第一开关管的第一端；该第三二极管的阳极和该第四二极管的阳极耦合该第一开关管的第二端；该第二二极管的阳极与该第四二极管的阴极均耦合上述负载。
结合第一方面第六种可能的实现方式至结合第一方面第八种可能的实现方式，在第九种可能的实现方式中，上述断路器还包括能量吸收单元；该能量吸收单元并联在上述第二开关子单元的两端，可以在上述第二开关子单元断开时，将上述第二开关子单元两端的电压钳位。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种供电系统，该供电系统包括直流电源、负载以及结合第一方面或结合第一方面任意一种可能实现方式中的断路器，该断路器可以在该供电系统发生短路时，断开直流电源与负载之间的连接。
应理解的是，本申请上述多个方面的实现和有益效果可互相参考。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中的断路器的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的供电系统的结构框图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的断路器的一结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的断路器的一电路图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的断路器短路的电流示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的断路器的又一电路图；
图7A-图7B为本申请实施例提供的螺旋线圈与驱动器的位置示意图；
图8A-图8B为本申请实施例提供的弹簧线圈与驱动器的位置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
下面结合附图对本申请实施例的实施作进一步的详细描述。
参见图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的供电系统的结构框图。如图2所示，供电系统包括直流电源21、断路器22以及负载23。其中，直流电源21的输出端耦合断路器22的一端，断路器22的另一端耦合负载23。
需要指出的是，本申请中所描述的“耦合”指的是直接或间接连接。例如，A与B耦合，既可以是A与B直接连接，也可以是A与B之间通过一个或多个其它电学元器件间接连接，例如可以是A与C直接连接，C与B直接连接，从而使得A与B之间通过C实现了连接。
直流电源21例如可以是动力电池(如镍镉电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池、锂聚合物电池等)或蓄电池等。可选的，直流电源21还可以用于耦合上一级电路如AC/DC变换器(Alternating Current/Direct-Currentconverter)或其他DC/DC变换器(如BUCK变换器、BOOST变换器、BUCK-BOOST变换器等)等。换句话说，直流电源21可以是直接电源，也可以是经过电路传输的间接电源。
负载23例如可以是光伏逆变器、电动汽车、其他DC/DC变换器或DC/AC变换器(Direct-Current/Alternating Currentconverter)等。
断路器22可以在供电系统发生短路时，断开直流电源21与负载23之间的连接。在本申请实施例中，断路器22采用了不一样的结构，利用线圈产生的磁场与驱动器之间的斥力，将驱动器从线圈的近处移动到远处，带动开关单元来实现分断，分断速度快，并且断路器中的开关寿命长，可靠性好。
下面结合附图对断路器的具体结构进行介绍。
参见图3，图3为本申请实施例提供的断路器的一结构示意图。如图3所示，断路器32设于直流电源31与负载33之间，断路器32包括第一线圈321、第二线圈322、开关单元323以及驱动器324。其中，直流电源31耦合第一线圈321的第一端和第二线圈322的第一端，该第一线圈321的第二端与该第二线圈322的第二端均耦合开关单元323的一端，该开关单元323的另一端耦合负载33。
第一线圈321的感抗小于第二线圈322的感抗。示例性的，该第一线圈可以具有铁芯，该铁芯用于增大该第一线圈的电感量，使得第一线圈的感抗小于第二线圈。
开关单元323可以包括机械开关，例如微动开关，该微动开关是通过外机械力作用在动作部件(例如动作簧片、动作杠杆等)上，使动作部件与该微动开关的定触点接通或断开。该微动开关的外机械力来自于与其具有联动连接关系的驱动器324。
驱动器324可以是金属导体，例如铜、铝等制作而成的闭合的环或盘等。进一步的，该驱动器324还可以是具有磁性的导体，例如磁盘等。
下面结合图4来对驱动器如何对开关单元施加机械力进行说明。参见图4，图4为本申请实施例提供的断路器的一电路图。如图4所示，第一线圈可以等效为电阻R TC和电感L TC串联，第二线圈可以等效为电阻R SC和电感L SC串联。可以理解的是，在具体实现中，第一线圈和第二线圈还是分别呈现为一个导线绕组的，图4是为了方便对断路器中的电流变化进行分析而做的电气等效。
示例性的，直流电源可以通过电感L1与断路器耦合。换句话来说，直流电源耦合电感L1的一端，电感L1的另一端耦合第一线圈的第一端和第二线圈的第一端，第一线圈的第 二端与第二线圈的第二端均耦合开关单元(例如开关SM1)的一端，开关SM1的另一端耦合负载(例如电阻R L)。该电感L1可以对直流电源的输出电压进行滤波。
在一些可行的实施方式中，第一线圈的感抗小于第二线圈的感抗，即可以理解为L TC<L SC。可选的，两者之间的大小关系可以具体表示为：
L SC＝αL TC   公式1
其中，α为大于1的自然数，α的取值与断路器的具体应用有关，例如与断路器所在供电系统的供电电流、驱动器与第一线圈之间的距离等有关。
进一步的，在一些可行的实施例中，第一线圈的直流阻抗大于第二线圈的直流阻抗，即可以理解为R TC>R SC。但需要说明的是，电阻R TC的阻值是远远大于电阻R SC的阻值。当直流电源输出直流电，开关SM1闭合时，该直流电主要是经过电阻R SC所在的支路，即该直流电主要流过第二线圈。示例性的，直流电源输出的直流电流为10A，由于电阻R SC的直流阻值比较小，对直流的阻碍能力比较小，此时流过第二线圈的电流大小可以达到9.999A。本申请实施例中将第二线圈的直流阻抗配置得较小，可以降低供电系统的功耗。
但是，当断路器所在的供电系统发生短路时，该断路器的电流变化如图5所示，需要特别注意的是，图5中的横坐标(时间t)是微秒μs级别的，电流i1可以理解为该断路器所在供电系统的串联支路上的电流(即第一线圈和第二线圈并联点处的电流)，电流I TC即可以理解为第一线圈的电流，电流I SC可以理解为第二线圈的电流。其中，电流I TC与电流I SC之和为电流i1。
当断路器所在的供电系统发生短路，例如直流电源短路、负载短路等，电流i1迅速增加，由于第二线圈的感抗大于第一线圈的感抗，即电感L SC对电流i1的阻碍能力迅速变大，所以从图5中可以看出，在t1时刻之前，电流i1与电流I TC几乎相等，即可以理解为断路器的电流在供电系统发生短路时，从第二线圈转移至第一线圈，第一线圈的电流不断增大。对于第一线圈来说，当经过该第一线圈的电流增长速率大于预设阈值时，第一线圈在自身电流变化的情况下由电生磁，产生第一磁场。又加上驱动器放置在切割该第一磁场的磁感线的位置，根据楞次定律，该驱动器由磁生电，感应得到电流，而该电流进一步产生第二磁场，该第二磁场与第一线圈产生的第一磁场的方向相反，阻碍第一磁场增强。此时，第一线圈对驱动器产生斥力，推动该驱动器沿远离第一线圈的方向移动，带动开关SM1断开。
需要注意的是，该预设阈值是该第一线圈的器件属性，与第一线圈的匝数、第一线圈是否具有铁芯等有关，可以用来衡量第一线圈对自身电流变化的敏感程度，该预设阈值越小，第一线圈对自身电流变化的敏感度越高。例如，第一线圈具有铁芯，当该第一线圈的电流增长速率大于第一预设阈值时，该第一线圈产生的第一磁场的强度对驱动器产生的斥力可以在第一时间段内带动开关SM1断开。又例如，第一线圈不具有铁芯，或者具有的铁芯较小，当该第一线圈的电流增长速率大于第二预设阈值时，该第一线圈产生的第一磁场的强度对驱动器产生的斥力可以在第二时间段内带动开关SM1断开。其中，第一时间段可以小于第二时间段，且第一预设阈值也可以小于第二预设阈值。换句话来说，具有铁芯的第一线圈对自身的电流变化更加敏感，并且可以在更短的时间内产生一个磁场强度更大的磁场，快速将开关SM1断开，避免电弧的产生。因此，本申请实施例可以选用匝数不同的第一线圈或者是否具有铁芯的线圈，不同的第一线圈对应的预设阈值不同，本申请实施例 不对此进行限制。
然而，随着驱动器远离第一线圈，该驱动器对第一磁场增强的阻碍能力变弱，第一线圈的磁感应强度增大(即电感量增大)，第一线圈的感抗在t1时刻增大到比第二线圈的感抗大，即L TC>L SC。t1时刻之后，电流I TC变小(即第一线圈的电流减小)，电流I SC增大(即第二线圈的电流增大)，即断路器的电流又部分转移至第二线圈。由于第一线圈的电流减小，使得第一线圈对驱动器的斥力也随着变小。
总的来说，本申请实施例提供的断路器，在供电系统出现短路的情况下，电流的变化是：在t1时刻之前，可以理解为供电系统的电流都流过第一线圈，第一线圈可以感应到电流的增长速率，并产生磁场，此时第一线圈对驱动器产生斥力；t1时刻之后，可以理解为供电系统的电流分别流过第一线圈和第二线圈，第一线圈的电流减小，对驱动器还是会产生斥力，但是此时产生的斥力随着第一线圈的电流减小以及驱动器与第一线圈之间的距离变大而减小。驱动器受到斥力向远离第一线圈的方向移动，带动开关SM1断开。由于在供电系统短路的瞬间，驱动器与第一线圈之间的初始距离近，第一线圈对驱动器的斥力是较大的，驱动器的加速度也较大，带动开关SM1关断的速度快，相对于现有技术中利用吸力将衔铁从线圈的远处吸合到近处实现分断，本申请实施例利用斥力将驱动器从线圈的近处移动到远处实现分断。换句话来说，驱动器在一开始的时候受到线圈较大的斥力，可以快速实现分断。
在一些可行的实施方式中，开关SM1可以在t1时刻之前就已经完全断开，t1时刻之后驱动器受到的斥力变小，移动的加速度也会变小，比如说本申请实施例中的断路器可以设置卡扣在该驱动器移动的路径范围内，该卡扣可以在驱动器带动开关SM1断开之后，固定该驱动器的位置。在本申请实施例中，随着驱动器受到的斥力变小，移动的加速度变小，使得驱动器对该卡扣的冲击力大大减小，避免对卡扣产生不可逆的损坏，可以延长断路器的寿命。
进一步的，在一些可行的实施方式中，参见图6，图6为本申请实施例提供的断路器的又一电路图。图6中示出的断路器的电路图与图4中示出的断路器的电路图的区别在于，图6中的开关单元除了包括第一开关子单元(例如开关SM1)之外，还包括第二开关子单元。具体实现中，驱动器具体与开关SM1形成联动连接，在第一线圈的电流增长速率大于预设阈值时，第一线圈产生磁场，驱动器在该磁场的感应下带动开关SM1断开。
其中，第二开关子单元与开关SM1并联，该第二开关子单元可以在开关SM1断开时导通，对开关SM1进行灭弧。在一些可行的实施方式中，该第二开关子单元可以具体包括第一开关管，图6以第一开关管是绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT为例，第一开关管的第一端(即IGBT Q1的集电极)耦合第一线圈的第二端和第二线圈的第二端，第一开关管的第二端(即IGBT Q1的发射极)耦合负载(例如电阻R L)。可选的，第一开关管的第三端(即IGBT Q1的门极)可以耦合至控制器，该控制器通过控制输出至IGBT Q1的门极电压来控制IGBT Q1的集电极与发射极之间的通断，例如该控制器向IGBT Q1的门极输出高电平(例如3.3V)，IGBT Q1的集电极与发射极导通；又例如该控制器向IGBT Q1的门极输出低电平(例如0V)，IGBT Q1的集电极与发射极断开。或者，IGBT Q1的门极可以通过电阻或电感等器件耦合至直流电源，在直流电源发生短路时，向IGBT Q1的门极传输大电流，使 得IGBT Q1的集电极与发射极导通。在本申请实施例中，增加了半导体开关，在供电系统正常工作时，由于半导体开关(比如IGBT Q1的阻抗是毫欧(mΩ)级别的)大于机械开关(比如开关SM1的阻抗是微欧(μΩ)级别的)，IGBT Q1是断开的，直流电源输出的电流从开关SM1流过。但是在开关SM1要断开时，由于电流瞬间变化，开关SM1会产生电弧，所以在开关SM1断开时，IGBT Q1导通，这样电流可以转移至IGBT Q1上，使得开关SM1可以安全断开，而在开关SM1安全断开之后，再将IGBT Q1关断，由于IGBT Q1的关断响应非常迅速(纳秒(ns)级别)，所以本申请实施例既可以保证机械开关安全分断，也可以保证断路器的分断速度，安全性高，可靠性好。
可选的，IGBT Q1的集电极与IGBT Q1的发射极之间可以串联有电阻R1和电容C1。其中电阻R1的一端耦合IGBT Q1的集电极，电阻R1的另一端耦合电容C1的一端，电容C1的另一端耦合IGBT Q1的发射极。即电阻R1与电容C1串联耦合，可以在IGBT Q1关断的瞬间降低该IGBT Q1的集电极与发射极之间的尖峰脉冲。进一步的，还可以在电阻R1的两端并联第五二极管D5，其中第五二极管D5的阳极耦合电阻R1的一端，第五二极管D5的阴极耦合电阻R1的另一端，IGBT Q1在关断的瞬间，供电系统的电流从第五二极管D5流过向电容C1充电，响应迅速，防止IGBT Q1的集电极与发射极之间出现过压。
进一步的，在一些可行的实施方式中，图6中示出的第二开关子单元还包括整流桥(例如第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4)，其中，第一二极管D1的阳极和第三二极管D3的阴极耦合第一线圈的第二端和第二线圈的第二端，第一二极管D1的阴极与第二二极管D2的阴极耦合第一开关管的第一端(例如IGBT Q1的集电极)，第三二极管D3的阳极和第四二极管D4的阳极耦合第一开关管的第二端(例如IGBT Q1的发射极)，第二二极管D2的阳极和第四二极管D4的阴极均耦合负载(例如电阻R L)。本申请实施例中的四个二极管可以对第二开关子单元的输入电流(即第一线圈和/或第二线圈的输出电流)进行整流。
可选的，在一些可行的实施方式中，在第二开关子单元的两端并联能量吸收单元，该能量吸收单元可以具体为金属氧化物变阻器，在第二开关子单元断开时，将第二开关子单元两端的电压钳位。具体实现可以参考现有技术中的金属氧化物变阻器的原理，此处不作赘述。
下面结合图7A至图8B对本申请实施例中的第一线圈与驱动器之间的相对位置进行示例性说明。
在一些可行的实施方式中，参见图7A，图7A为本申请实施例提供的螺旋线圈与驱动器的位置示意图。如图7A所示，第一线圈为螺旋线圈，驱动器所在的平面与该螺旋线圈所在的平面平行。示例性的，以第一线圈的第一端为该螺旋线圈的中心绕线A处，第一线圈的第二端为该螺旋线圈的最外侧B处为例，直流电源的输出电流从A处流向B处，即该螺旋线圈的电流方向是逆时针方向，根据右手螺旋定则，图7A中的螺旋线圈产生的磁场的方向为图7A中示出的N极方向。驱动器设置在切割螺旋线圈产生的磁场的磁感线的位置，以图7A中设置驱动器的位置为例，螺旋线圈产生的磁场的磁感线沿该磁感线的N极方向穿过该驱动器，根据楞次定律，该磁感线在该驱动器中感应出顺时针方向的电流，该驱动器感应到电流，产生的磁场的方向与螺旋线圈产生的磁场的方向相反，则该驱动器与 该螺旋线圈互斥，该驱动器受到该螺旋线圈产生的磁场的斥力，方向垂直向上(即螺旋线圈产生的磁场的磁感线N极方向)，该驱动器向上移动并带动开关单元关断。可选的，该驱动器还可以设置在图7B中示出的位置，图7B中的驱动器的中心在螺旋线圈的螺旋轴上，并且该驱动器所在平面与该螺旋线圈所在平面平行。图7B中穿过该驱动器的密度较大，感应到的电流也较大，则图7B中的驱动器受到的斥力较于图7A中受到的斥力要大，分断更快。当然，本申请实施例提供的驱动器也可以设置在螺旋线圈的S极侧，可以理解为与图7A或图7B中的驱动器关于螺旋线圈中心对称(图中未示出)。
可选的，在一些可行的实施方式中，参见图8A，图8A为本申请实施例提供的弹簧线圈与驱动器的位置示意图。如图8A所示，第一线圈为弹簧线圈，驱动器所在的平面垂直与该弹簧线圈的轴向方向。示例性的，以第一线圈的第一端为该弹簧线圈的绕线C处，第一线圈的第二端为该弹簧线圈的绕线D处为例，直流电源的输出电流从C处流向D处，根据右手螺旋定则，图8A中的弹簧线圈产生的磁场的方向为图8A中示出的N极方向，驱动器设置在切割弹簧线圈产生的磁场的磁感线的位置，以图8A中设置驱动器的位置为例，弹簧线圈产生的磁场的磁感线沿该磁感线的N极方向穿过该驱动器，根据楞次定律，该磁感线在该驱动器中感应出顺时针方向的电流，该驱动器感应到的电流，产生的磁场的方向与弹簧线圈产生的磁场的方向相反，则该驱动器与该弹簧线圈互斥，该驱动器受到该弹簧线圈产生的磁场的斥力，方向垂直向上(即弹簧线圈产生的磁场的磁感线N极方向)，该驱动器向上移动并带动开关单元关断。同理的，该驱动器还可以设置在图8B中示出的位置，图8B中的驱动器的中心在弹簧线圈的中心轴上，并且该驱动器所在平面垂直于该弹簧线圈的轴向方向。图8B中穿过该驱动器的密度较大，感应到的电流也较大，则图8B中的驱动器受到的斥力要大，分断更快。同理的，本申请实施例提供的驱动器也可以设置在弹簧线圈的S极侧，可以理解为与图8A或图8B中的驱动器关于弹簧线圈中心对称(图中未示出)。
可以理解的是，图7A至图8B具体呈现了驱动器的摆放位置，只是对驱动器切割螺旋线圈产生的磁场的磁感线进行示例性说明，不应理解为对该驱动器的摆放位置进行限制。并且，图7A至图8B也只是以驱动器的形状是圆环为例进行说明，不应理解为对驱动器的形状进行限制，例如驱动器可以是正方形、矩形等闭合形状的导体等。
示例性的，本申请实施例提供的第一线圈(例如螺旋线圈、弹簧线圈等)可以与驱动器封装成一个产品，具体呈现为一个器件，由同一个厂家来制备。或者，本申请实施例提供的第一线圈(例如螺旋线圈、弹簧线圈等)也可以与驱动器分别呈现为两个器件。本申请不对第一线圈与驱动器的具体呈现形式进行限制。
需要说明的是，上述术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
上述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是、或也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是、或也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，也可以分布到多个网络单元上；可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种断路器，其特征在于，所述断路器设于直流电源与负载之间，所述断路器包括第一线圈、第二线圈、开关单元以及驱动器；其中，所述开关单元与所述驱动器形成联动连接；
    所述直流电源耦合所述第一线圈的第一端和所述第二线圈的第一端，所述第一线圈的第二端与所述第二线圈的第二端均耦合所述开关单元的一端；所述开关单元的另一端耦合所述负载；
    所述第一线圈的感抗小于所述第二线圈的感抗，在所述第一线圈的电流增长速率大于预设阈值时，所述第一线圈产生磁场，所述驱动器在所述磁场的感应下带动所述开关单元断开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述第一线圈的直流阻抗大于所述第二线圈的直流阻抗。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述第一线圈包括螺旋线圈；
    所述驱动器设置在切割所述螺旋线圈产生的磁场的磁感线的位置，且所述驱动器所在的平面与所述螺旋线圈所在的平面平行。
  4. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述第一线圈包括弹簧线圈；
    所述驱动器设置在切割所述弹簧线圈产生的磁场的磁感线的位置，且所述驱动器所在的平面垂直于所述弹簧线圈的轴向方向。
  5. 根据权利要求3-4任一项所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述断路器还包括卡扣，所述卡扣用于在所述驱动器带动所述开关单元断开之后，固定所述驱动器的位置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的断路器，其特征在于，在所述第一线圈的电流增长速率大于所述预设阈值时，所述第一线圈产生磁场，使得所述驱动器沿远离所述第一线圈的方向移动；
    所述卡扣设置在所述驱动器移动的路径的范围内。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述开关单元包括第一开关子单元和第二开关子单元，所述第一开关子单元与所述驱动器形成联动连接，在所述第一线圈的电流增长速率大于所述预设阈值时，所述第一线圈产生磁场，所述驱动器在所述磁场的感应下带动所述第一开关子单元断开；
    所述第二开关子单元与所述第一开关子单元并联，所述第二开关子单元用于在所述第一开关子单元断开时导通，以对所述第一开关子单元进行灭弧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述第二开关子单元包括第一开关管； 所述第一开关管的第一端耦合所述第一线圈的第二端和所述第二线圈的第二端，所述第一开关管的第二端耦合所述负载。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述第二开关子单元还包括第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管和第四二极管；其中，
    所述第一二极管的阳极和所述第三二极管的阴极均耦合所述第一线圈的第二端和所述第二线圈的第二端；
    所述第一二极管的阴极和所述第二二极管的阴极耦合所述第一开关管的第一端；所述第三二极管的阳极和所述第四二极管的阳极耦合所述第一开关管的第二端；
    所述第二二极管的阳极与所述第四二极管的阴极均耦合所述负载。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述断路器还包括能量吸收单元；所述能量吸收单元并联在所述第二开关子单元的两端，用于在所述第二开关子单元断开时，将所述第二开关子单元两端的电压钳位。
  11. 一种供电系统，其特征在于，所述供电系统包括直流电源、负载以及如权利要求1-10任一项所述的断路器，所述断路器用于在所述供电系统发生短路时，断开所述直流电源与所述负载之间的连接。
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