WO2023246048A1 - 一种外转子电机 - Google Patents

一种外转子电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023246048A1
WO2023246048A1 PCT/CN2022/141677 CN2022141677W WO2023246048A1 WO 2023246048 A1 WO2023246048 A1 WO 2023246048A1 CN 2022141677 W CN2022141677 W CN 2022141677W WO 2023246048 A1 WO2023246048 A1 WO 2023246048A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
cooling
motor
motor driver
cooling device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/141677
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡华智
姜国军
陈腾飞
卢兴捷
Original Assignee
亿航智能设备（广州）有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 亿航智能设备（广州）有限公司 filed Critical 亿航智能设备（广州）有限公司
Publication of WO2023246048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023246048A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of electrical equipment, and in particular, relates to an external rotor motor.
  • Aircraft power motors require high power density, correspondingly higher calorific value, and better heat dissipation design. Otherwise, the life and reliability of the motor will be difficult to guarantee.
  • Today’s two-seater manned electric aircraft have power motors that Air-cooled external rotor motors are mostly used, which have low heat dissipation efficiency. If the motor continues to operate at a higher temperature, the magnetic field strength of the magnet will decrease, resulting in a decrease in motor output power and endangering flight safety.
  • the present disclosure provides an external rotor motor to solve the above or other problems existing in the prior art.
  • an external rotor motor including a motor driver cooling device, a liquid cooling system and a stator with a cavity on the shaft, wherein,
  • At least part of the motor driver is located in the cavity, and the motor driver is located on the motor driver cooling device;
  • the liquid cooling system is provided on the stator and/or the motor driver cooling device.
  • the liquid cooling system is used to cool the stator and/or the motor driver, and at least a part of the liquid cooling system extends to the outside of the motor.
  • the liquid cooling system includes an internal cooling device, an external cooling device and a power device for driving the cooling medium to circulate in the internal cooling device and the external cooling device.
  • the internal cooling device is located inside the motor, and the external cooling device is located outside the motor.
  • the power unit and the internal cooling unit are connected through pipelines.
  • the internal cooling device includes a connected stator cooling part and a driving cooling part.
  • the stator cooling part is arranged on the stator to cool down the stator.
  • the driving cooling part is arranged on the motor driver cooling device to cool down the motor driver.
  • the driving cooling part It is communicated with the power device so that the cooling medium flows through the driving cooling part and the stator cooling part in sequence.
  • the stator cooling part includes a plurality of first channels arranged along the axial direction of the stator and a plurality of second channels arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator.
  • the plurality of first channels are arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the stator.
  • a plurality of second channels are arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the stator, and a plurality of second channels are arranged at both ends of a plurality of first channels. Any second channel is connected to two adjacent first channels, so that multiple second channels are connected to each other.
  • a first channel and a plurality of second channels are connected one after another to construct a curved channel structure.
  • stator includes a stator core, and the stator core is provided with a receiving channel for placing the stator cooling part.
  • the driving cooling part has a spiral channel structure.
  • a receiving groove is provided on the side of the motor driver cooling device facing away from the motor driver, and the driving cooling part is provided in the receiving groove.
  • the motor driver cooling device is provided with a mounting through hole at a position corresponding to the position of the stator cooling portion, so that the cold stator cooling portion can be inserted into the mounting through hole.
  • the external cooling device includes at least one first pipeline, the first pipeline is arranged in an annular shape, one end of the first pipeline is connected to the power unit, and the other end of the first pipeline is connected to the internal cooling device.
  • the motor also includes a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is arranged around the external cooling device to dissipate heat.
  • the heat exchanger is an annular fin radiator.
  • the motor driver cooling device has a through hole so that the cavity communicates with the outside of the motor.
  • the motor also includes an air cooling device, a deflector and a base.
  • the base is connected to the motor driver cooling device.
  • the deflector is connected to the base.
  • the air cooling device is connected to the deflector.
  • the air cooling device is used for air in the heat exchanger. circulation.
  • the guide plate is coaxially arranged with the stator, and the cavity of the guide plate allows the cavity of the stator to communicate with the outside of the motor.
  • the drive control device of the air cooling device is located on the motor driver.
  • the air-cooling device also includes a fan and an air-cooling power device for driving the fan to rotate.
  • the air-cooling power device is connected to the guide plate.
  • the air-cooled power device is an external rotor hollow shaft motor.
  • the power device is located outside the motor, and the power device is a pump.
  • the liquid cooling system also includes a storage device for storing cooling medium.
  • the storage device is located outside the motor.
  • the external cooling device is connected to the storage device.
  • the power device is connected to the storage device.
  • the storage device is arranged vertically.
  • the storage device is placed vertically. The water inlet is located at the top of the storage device, the water outlet of the storage device is located at the bottom of the storage device, and the storage device is provided with a pressure relief valve.
  • the motor also includes multiple temperature detection devices.
  • Each temperature detection device is respectively located on the coil of the stator and the water inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling system.
  • the temperature detection device is connected to the motor driver.
  • the motor driver is used to detect the temperature according to each temperature.
  • the temperature of the device regulates the rotational speed of the power unit and/or the air-cooled power unit.
  • the external rotor motor has a liquid cooling system.
  • the liquid cooling system is installed on the stator core and the motor driver cooling device to cool the stator core and the motor driver, and transfer the heat generated by the copper loss of the stator coil to the stator.
  • the heat generated by the iron loss of the silicon steel sheet is taken away, and at the same time, the heat generated by the power components of the motor driver is taken away, ensuring that the power components of the motor driver operate within the controllable temperature range of the installation, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor, and meeting the needs of aircraft power motors
  • the liquid cooling system is equipped with an external cooling device outside the motor, and a heat exchanger is provided on the external cooling device.
  • the external cooling device performs heat exchange with the heat exchanger, and takes away the heat from the external cooling device so that it flows out from the liquid cooling system.
  • the temperature of the cooling medium is reduced so that it can be recycled again; it also has an air-cooling device.
  • the air-cooling device has an axial fan, which can drive the air flow and realize the air flow in the air channel of the heat exchanger, and can quickly conduct heat exchange with the heat exchanger. Exchange, under the action of the liquid cooling system, heat exchanger and air cooling device, the motor can be quickly cooled down, the motor heat dissipation efficiency is ensured, and the output power of the motor is ensured;
  • the stator has a hollow shaft structure so that the motor driver can be placed in the accommodation space formed by the stator and the motor driver cooling device.
  • the motor has a compact structure and a high degree of integration.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an external rotor motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic front structural view of an outer rotor motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the A-A section in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the B-B section in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the C-C section in Figure 2;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram from below of an outer rotor motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a liquid cooling system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic front structural view of a liquid cooling system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic bottom structural diagram of a liquid cooling system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Rotor lower structure 4. Rotor middle structure 6. Rotor upper structure
  • Base 130 First channel 131. Second channel.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • This embodiment relates to an external rotor motor.
  • the external rotor motor is provided with a liquid cooling system to cool the stator and the motor driver cooling device respectively, and is provided with a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger and the liquid cooling system can exchange heat, and can transfer the heat generated by the copper loss of the stator coil and the heat generated by the iron loss of the stator silicon steel sheet to the heat exchanger for heat dissipation and improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor.
  • the stator has a hollow shaft. structure, the motor driver can be placed in the hollow structure of the stator shaft, and the motor is highly integrated, improving the reliability of the motor.
  • An external rotor motor is used for multi-rotor power motors and can also be used as fixed-wing propulsion motors. As shown in Figures 1 to 6, it includes a motor driver cooling device 11, a liquid cooling system and a stator with a cavity on the shaft. Wherein, at least part of the motor driver 10 is provided in the cavity, and the motor driver 10 is provided on the motor driver cooling device 11;
  • the liquid cooling system is respectively provided on the stator and/or motor driver cooling device 11, and only part of the liquid cooling system extends to the outside of the motor to cool the stator and/or motor driver 10, so that the stator and motor driver 10 are in operation. It can dissipate heat in time, which can ensure that the power device of the motor driver 10 operates within a controllable temperature range.
  • the stator can dissipate heat in time, improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor, and ensure the output power of the motor.
  • the motor driver 10 is disposed in the cavity.
  • the motor driver 10 may be partially disposed in the cavity, or the entire motor driver 10 may be disposed in the cavity.
  • the motor driver cooling device 11 is provided at one end of the stator. Since the shaft of the stator has a hollow structure, the motor driver cooling device 11 and the stator construct a cavity for arranging the motor driver 10.
  • the driver 10 is located in the cavity, which makes the overall structure of the motor compact and highly integrated. At the same time, it is convenient for the connection lines between the output end and the input end of the motor driver 10 to pass through.
  • the external rotor motor also includes a rotor.
  • the rotor is arranged outside the stator.
  • the rotor and the stator are connected through bearings so that the rotor can rotate relative to the stator.
  • the above-mentioned stator includes a stator core 9 and a stator upper structure 8.
  • the stator upper structure 8 is detachably connected to one end of the stator core 9.
  • the stator core 9 and the stator upper structure 8 are coaxially arranged.
  • the stator core 9 and the stator upper structure are arranged coaxially.
  • stator core 9 and the stator upper structure 8 are both annular structures, with both ends connected to the outside, and there is an accommodation space connected to both ends in the middle, which is a hollow shaft structure, so that the stator shaft has
  • the motor driver 10 can be placed in the cavity, thereby reducing the size of the motor and making the structure of the motor compact.
  • the motor driver cooling device 11 and the stator upper structure 8 are respectively located at both ends of the stator core 9 and are connected through bolts and other connectors; the above-mentioned rotor includes a rotor upper structure 6, a rotor middle structure 5 and a lower part of the rotor.
  • the connection method is preferably connected through bolts and other connectors; the positions of the rotor upper structure 6 and the stator upper structure 8 correspond to each other.
  • a main bearing is provided between the rotor upper structure 6 and the stator upper structure 8 so that the rotor upper structure 6 can rotate relative to the stator upper structure 8.
  • the main bearing is preferably a double row angular contact thin-walled bearing, installed back to back, and can withstand The motor loads the thrust or pulling force generated by the blades.
  • a stator retaining ring is provided on the stator upper structure 8 at a position corresponding to the main bearing.
  • a rotor retaining ring is provided on the rotor upper structure 6 at a position corresponding to the main bearing.
  • the stator retaining ring The ring and the rotor retaining ring respectively position the main bearing in the axial direction.
  • the rotor upper structure 6 and the stator upper structure 8 are both provided with positioning parts to position the main bearing in the axial direction, so that the main bearing can be stable.
  • a auxiliary bearing is provided between the rotor lower structure 4 and the stator core 9 so that the rotor lower structure 4 can rotate relative to the stator core 9.
  • the auxiliary bearing is preferably a deep groove ball thin-walled bearing.
  • the auxiliary bearing is arranged between the rotor lower structure 4 and the motor driver cooling device 11.
  • the motor driver cooling device 11 is provided with protrusions, and the auxiliary bearing is arranged on in the space between the protrusion and the rotor substructure 4.
  • the rotor upper structure 6 can rotate relative to the stator upper structure 8 under the action of the main bearing
  • the rotor lower structure 4 can rotate relative to the motor driver cooling device 11 under the action of the auxiliary bearing
  • the rotor middle structure 5 is between the rotor upper structure 6 and the rotor lower structure. 4
  • the rotor rotates relative to the stator, forming the overall structure of the outer rotor.
  • the above-mentioned liquid cooling system includes an internal cooling device, an external cooling device 15 and a power device 1 for driving the cooling medium to circulate in the internal cooling device and the external cooling device 15.
  • the internal cooling device Located inside the motor, the external cooling device 15 is located outside the motor, and the power unit 1 and the internal cooling device are connected through pipelines.
  • the internal cooling device is connected to the external cooling device 15, and the external cooling device 15 is connected to the power device 1, so that the cooling medium sequentially enters the internal cooling device and the external cooling device 15 under the action of the power device 1, and flows out from the external cooling device 15, Circular flow is performed, and the cooling medium flows in the internal cooling device and the external cooling device 15 under the action of the power unit 1 to perform heat exchange, take away the heat generated by the motor, and improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor.
  • the cooling medium is preferably water.
  • the above-mentioned internal cooling device is arranged inside the motor to cool down the inside of the motor.
  • the internal cooling device includes a stator cooling part 13 and a driving cooling part 14.
  • the stator cooling part 13 is connected with the driving cooling part 14.
  • the stator cooling part 13 is provided on the stator. , to cool down the stator, and the drive cooling unit 14 is provided on the motor driver cooling device 11 to cool down the motor driver 10 .
  • stator cooling part 13 is arranged on the stator core 9 of the stator to cool the stator core 9 and combine the heat generated by the copper losses of the winding coils on the stator core 9 with the silicon steel sheet iron that constitutes the stator core 9
  • the stator cooling part 13 can be disposed on the side of the stator core 9 that is not provided with stator slots (located on the inner side of the accommodation space), or the stator cooling part 13 can be disposed on the stator core.
  • the inside of 9 is located between the stator slot and the inner side of the stator core 9, or it can be set in other ways. It can be selected and set according to actual needs. There are no specific requirements here.
  • the stator core 9 is provided with multiple accommodation channels, and the stator cooling part 13 is provided with Inside the iron core 9, a plurality of accommodation channels are arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the stator core 9, and the multiple accommodation channels are arranged into two groups that are connected to each other. The multiple accommodation channels in one group of accommodation channels are all along the stator.
  • the iron core 9 is arranged in the axial direction, and another set of accommodation channels is arranged at the end of the stator iron core 9 away from the end connected to the motor driver cooling device 11, and is arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator iron core 9, so that the stator cooling portion 13 is arranged in the accommodation channel to cool down the stator core 9 .
  • the stator core 9 is a hollow structure with multiple accommodation channels, so that the stator cooling part 13 is installed in the accommodation channels.
  • a group of accommodation channels is provided inside the stator core 9 , and the group of accommodation channels are along the edges of the stator core 9 are arranged in the axial direction, and the plurality of accommodation channels in the group of accommodation channels are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the stator core 9 .
  • the plurality of accommodation channels in the group of accommodation channels are all in line with the stator core 9 If the axes are arranged parallel to each other, then this group of accommodation channels is a hole structure that penetrates the stator core 9; multiple accommodation channels in another group of accommodation channels are arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the stator core 9, and each accommodation channel in this group of accommodation channels is arranged in parallel.
  • a receiving channel is arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core 9.
  • the set of receiving channels can be set at one end of the stator core 9, or the set of receiving channels is provided at both ends of the stator core 9. According to Set according to actual needs, and there are no specific requirements here.
  • the set of accommodation channels has a slot structure, which is formed by a side of the stator core 9 facing the stator slot being recessed toward the inner side of the stator core 9 .
  • the above-mentioned stator cooling part 13 includes a plurality of first channels 130 arranged along the axial direction of the stator and a plurality of second channels 131 arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator.
  • the plurality of first channels 130 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator.
  • a plurality of second channels 131 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the stator, and the second channels 131 are provided at both ends of the first channels 130. Any second channel 131 is connected to two adjacent first channels 130. , so that the plurality of first channels 130 and the plurality of second channels 131 are connected end-to-end one after another to construct a curved channel structure.
  • a first channel 130 One end is connected to one end of a second channel 131, the other end of the second channel 131 is connected to another first channel 130, the other end of the first channel 130 is connected to one end of another second channel 131,..., Arranged in sequence, a channel structure is constructed, the axis shape of the channel structure is a curve, and the structure of the stator cooling part 13 is constructed. The two ends of the stator cooling part 13 are respectively a water inlet and a water outlet.
  • the plurality of first channels 130 are all arranged parallel to the axis of the stator.
  • the first channels 130 are arranged in a group of accommodation channels arranged along the axial direction of the stator core 9 .
  • the shape of the accommodation channel is adapted to the shape of the first channel 130 .
  • the first channel 130 is fitted with the accommodation channel.
  • the second channel 131 is provided in another group of accommodation channels arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core 9 .
  • the shape of the group of accommodating channels is adapted to the shape of the second channel 131, and the second channel 131 is fitted with the accommodating channel to perform heat transfer.
  • the first channel 130 and the second channel 131 form an up-and-down reciprocating structure of the stator cooling part 13, which has a large contact area with the stator core 9, good turbulence effect, and high heat exchange efficiency.
  • the above-mentioned driving cooling part 14 has a channel structure and is arranged in a spiral shape.
  • the driving cooling part 14 has a spiral channel structure.
  • One end of the driving cooling part 14 is connected with the water inlet of the stator cooling part 13 to circulate the cooling medium. flow.
  • the spiral channel structure is used to make the contact area between the drive cooling part 14 and the motor driver cooling device 11 large, so that the contact area between the cooling medium and the motor driver cooling device 11 is large, so as to facilitate the generation of heat-generating components in the motor driver 10 The heat is conducted out.
  • the side of the motor driver cooling device 11 facing away from the motor driver 10 is provided with a receiving groove, and the driving cooling portion 14 is located in the receiving groove.
  • the shape of the receiving groove is consistent with the shape of the driving cooling portion 14.
  • the motor driver cooling device 11 has a plate structure.
  • the motor driver 10 is fixedly installed on the side of the motor driver cooling device 11 facing the accommodation space.
  • the power components of the motor driver 10 are laid on this side of the motor driver cooling device 11.
  • the motor driver cooling device 11 has a through hole, so that the accommodation space is connected with the outside of the motor, so that the input end of the motor driver 10 is connected to other equipment outside the motor through the through hole.
  • the input end of the motor driver 10 is two.
  • the connector of the power line (positive and negative poles) and the signal bus, the output end of the motor driver 10 is a terminal block for three motor phase wires, and the three phase wires of the motor are connected to the motor driver 10 from the upper part of the accommodation space.
  • a receiving groove is provided on the other side of the motor driver cooling device 11, and the receiving groove is provided along the circumferential direction of the through hole.
  • a mounting through hole is provided at a position corresponding to the stator cooling part 13 of the motor driver cooling device 11, so that the stator The cooling part 13 can be plugged into the installation through hole, which is provided outside the accommodation slot.
  • the motor driver cooling device 11 is fixedly connected to the stator core 9.
  • the fixed connection method is preferably connected through bolts and other connectors. .
  • the above-mentioned external cooling device 15 is arranged outside the motor.
  • the external cooling device 15 is arranged at the lower part of the stator core 9 (the end of the outside of the motor close to the motor driver cooling device 11).
  • the external cooling device 15 includes At least one first pipeline is arranged in an annular shape. One end of the first pipeline is connected to the power device 1, and the other end of the first pipeline is connected to the internal cooling device for the flow of cooling medium.
  • the number of the first pipes is preferably two, and both first pipes are arranged in an annular shape, wherein the first first pipe One end of the road is connected to one end of the second first pipeline, the other end of the first first pipeline is connected to the storage device 2, and the other end of the second first pipeline is connected to the internal cooling device, that is, This end of the second first pipeline is connected to the water outlet of the stator cooling part 13 .
  • the two first pipelines are fixedly connected, and the fixed connection method is preferably integrally formed, so that the external cooling device 15 has a dual-channel annular structure.
  • stator cooling part 13 the driving cooling part 14 and the external cooling device 15 are coaxially arranged.
  • the above-mentioned power device 1 is located outside the rotor of the motor for easy maintenance.
  • the power device 1 is a pump that provides power for the circulation flow of the cooling medium. It can be a centrifugal water pump, a gear water pump, or other types.
  • the water pump is selected and installed according to actual needs.
  • the water outlet of the power unit 1 is connected to the water inlet of the drive cooling unit 14 through a connecting pipe.
  • the water outlet of the drive cooling unit 14 is connected to the water inlet of the stator cooling unit 13 .
  • the pump is arranged at the water inlet of the driving cooling part 14, and the cooling medium temperature is relatively low, thereby increasing the service life of the pump.
  • the above-mentioned liquid cooling system also includes a storage device 2.
  • the storage device 2 is connected to the external cooling device 15. At the same time, the storage device 2 is connected to the power unit 1.
  • the above-mentioned storage device 2 is provided outside the motor, and the storage device 2 is used to store cooling data.
  • the storage device 2 is arranged vertically, the water inlet of the storage device 2 is located at the top of the storage device 2, and the water outlet is located at the bottom of the storage device 2.
  • the storage device 2 is provided with a pressure relief valve.
  • the storage device 2 It is a water tank, the water inlet of the water tank is connected with the water outlet of the external cooling device 15, and the water outlet of the water tank is connected with the power device 1 through a pipe, thus forming the cooling medium flow circulation pipeline structure of the liquid cooling system.
  • the setting of the pressure relief valve when the temperature of the cooling medium in the storage device 2 is too high or even boils, the pressure in the cooling medium circulation pipeline can be released through the pressure relief valve to avoid leakage of various joint nodes in the cooling medium circulation pipeline. causing danger.
  • the flow sequence of the cooling medium is: the cooling medium flows out of the storage device 2, enters the drive cooling part 14 through the power unit 1, conducts heat exchange with the motor driver cooling device 11, and then enters The stator cooling part 13 conducts heat exchange with the stator core 9, and then enters the external cooling device 15, conducts heat exchange with the air, and then enters the storage device 2, and then circulates again to sequentially cool the motor driver cooling device 11 (i.e., the motor driver 10) and the stator core 9 are cooled.
  • the motor driver 10 is cooled to ensure that the power components of the motor driver 10 operate within a safe and controllable temperature range.
  • the motor in order to enable the external cooling device 15 to cool down quickly and conduct heat exchange quickly, the motor also includes an air cooling device 7, a deflector 12 and a base 16.
  • the base 16 and The motor driver cooling device 11 is connected, the guide plate 12 is connected to the base 16 , and the air cooling device 7 is connected to the guide plate 12 .
  • the arrangement of the base 16 facilitates the installation of the baffle 12 and the air cooling device 7 .
  • the base 16 has an annular structure, and the base 16 is fixedly connected to the motor driver cooling device 11 through bolts and other connectors.
  • the diameter of the base 16 is larger than the diameter of the driving cooling part 14 so that the base 16 does not connect to the motor driver cooling device 11. It is in contact with the drive cooling unit 14 and does not cause interference.
  • the base 16 includes a first connection part and a second connection part.
  • the first connection part is fixedly connected to the second connection part.
  • the first connection part is a plate-like structure.
  • the first connection part is fixedly connected to the motor driver cooling device 11, and
  • the first connection part has a first through hole, which is coaxially arranged with the through hole on the motor driver cooling device 11, and the diameter of the first through hole is not larger than the diameter of the through hole, so that the first connection part can
  • the accommodating groove on the motor driver cooling device 11 is blocked so that the accommodating groove roughly becomes a hole structure, so that the drive cooling part 14 will not fall off from the accommodating groove when installed in the accommodating groove.
  • the first connection part is important for drive cooling.
  • the second connection part is an annular structure, fixedly installed on the peripheral side of the end of the first connection part, and the second connection part is located on a side of the first connection part that is not connected to the motor driver cooling device 11 side.
  • the first connection part and the second connection part are fixedly connected, and the fixed connection method is preferably integrally formed.
  • a plurality of openings are provided on the second connection part to facilitate the passage of connecting pipes and air circulation.
  • the external cooling device 15 is arranged outside the second connection part, and heat exchange can be carried out through air circulation, so that the heat can be carried away. Walk.
  • the guide plate 12 is coaxially arranged with the stator.
  • the cavity of the guide plate 12 connects the cavity of the stator to the outside of the motor. That is, the guide plate 12 is connected to the accommodation space and the outside of the motor respectively.
  • the air cooling device The drive control device of 7 is provided on the motor driver 10.
  • the guide plate 12 is provided to guide the air flow generated by the air cooling device 7.
  • the guide plate 12 is fixedly connected to the first connection part and is located at the second connection part. internal.
  • the guide plate 12 has an annular structure, and the diameter of one end of the guide plate 12 connected to the base 16 is larger than the diameter of the other end, so that the shape of the guide plate 12 is generally tapered.
  • openings are provided on the baffle plate 12 so that the connecting pipes can pass through.
  • the air-cooling device 7 also includes a fan and an air-cooling power device for driving the fan to rotate.
  • the air-cooling power device is connected to the deflector 12.
  • the fan is connected to the air-cooling power device.
  • the air-cooling power device drives the fan to rotate.
  • the air-cooling power device drives the fan to rotate.
  • the device is an external rotor hollow shaft motor.
  • the stator of the external rotor hollow shaft motor is fixedly connected to the guide plate 12 , and the fan is connected to the rotor so that the fan can rotate relative to the guide plate 12 .
  • the drive circuit of the air-cooled power device 1 is provided on the motor driver 10, so that the external rotor motor has a high degree of integration.
  • an external rotor hollow shaft motor can facilitate the provision of cable passages for the motor's cables, so that the motor can be connected to Motor driver 10 connection.
  • the rotation of the fan can drive the air to flow and exchange heat with the external cooling device 15 .
  • the fan is coaxially arranged with the deflector 12 and is an axial flow fan.
  • the motor also includes a heat exchanger 3.
  • the heat exchanger 3 is connected to the base 16, and the heat exchanger 3 is arranged around the peripheral side of the external cooling device 15 for heat dissipation.
  • the heat exchanger 3 is fixedly installed on the second connection part, and the heat exchanger 3 is located outside the second connection part.
  • the external cooling device 15 is located inside the heat exchanger 3, and the external cooling device 15 is in contact with the heat exchanger 3.
  • the heat exchanger 3 is an annular fin type radiator, which exchanges heat with the external cooling device 15.
  • the external cooling device 15 is a back-and-forth pipeline, which is beneficial to improving the temperature uniformity of the heat exchanger 3 and improving the heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the air channel of the heat exchanger 3 dissipates heat from the outside to the inside of the fin radiator in an annular shape, and then flows out to the rear of the motor through the guide plate 12.
  • An axial flow fan is arranged in the air channel. Provide power for air flow; when the external rotor motor is used as a thrust motor, the air channel of the heat exchanger 3 is opposite to the former, and the axial flow fan blows the air from the rear to the heat exchanger 3, and then blows it in a ring shape from the inside to the outside.
  • the superheat exchanger 3 dissipates heat for its thorn blades.
  • the external rotor motor also includes a plurality of temperature detection devices. Each temperature detection device is respectively located on the coil of the stator and the water inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling system.
  • the temperature detection device is connected to the motor driver 10 for monitoring the coil, liquid cooling
  • the motor driver 10 is used to adjust the rotation speed of the power device and/or the air-cooled power device according to the temperature of the water inlet and outlet of the system.
  • the temperature detection device is preferably a temperature sensor.
  • Both the power unit 1 and the air-cooling power unit mentioned above can be adjusted in speed. Both the power unit 1 and the air-cooling power unit are connected to the motor driver 10. The power unit 1 is adjusted according to the temperature of the coil and the water inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling system. and the speed of the air-cooled power unit to control the cooling power.
  • the power unit 1 When the external rotor motor is operating, the power unit 1 operates, causing the cooling medium in the storage device 2 to flow out, enter the driving cooling part 14, and flow in the driving cooling part 14 in a spiral shape, which affects the motor driver cooling device 11
  • the temperature is lowered, and then the motor driver 10 is cooled.
  • the cooling medium enters the stator cooling part 13 and flows in the stator cooling part 13. It flows up and down to cool the stator core 9.
  • the cooling medium comes out of the stator cooling part 13.
  • the medium enters the external cooling device 15 and flows back and forth in the external cooling device 15. It exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 3 to cool down.
  • the cooling medium flowing out from the external cooling device 15 enters the storage device 2.
  • the air cooling device 7 acts, the fan rotates, and according to the use mode of the motor, the air channel of the heat exchanger 3 is controlled to dissipate heat for the heat exchanger 3 and improve the heat dissipation efficiency;
  • the temperature detection device Monitor the temperature of the cooling medium of the coil, the water inlet and the water outlet of the liquid cooling system, control the rotation speed of the power unit 1 and the air-cooling power unit, and control the heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the external rotor motor has a liquid cooling system.
  • the liquid cooling system is installed on the stator core and the motor driver cooling device to cool the stator core and the motor driver, and transfer the heat generated by the copper loss of the stator coil to the stator.
  • the heat generated by the iron loss of the silicon steel sheet is taken away, and at the same time, the heat generated by the power components of the motor driver is taken away, ensuring that the power components of the motor driver operate within the controllable temperature range of the installation, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor, and meeting the needs of aircraft power motors
  • the requirements of high power density, high reliability, and long life; the liquid cooling system is equipped with an external cooling device outside the motor, and a heat exchanger is provided on the external cooling device.
  • the external cooling device performs heat exchange with the heat exchanger, and the external cooling device is The heat on the cooling device is taken away, so that the temperature of the cooling medium flowing out from the liquid cooling system is reduced so that it can be recycled again; it also has an air cooling device, which has an axial fan that can drive the air flow and realize the air flow of the heat exchanger.
  • the air flow in the channel can quickly exchange heat with the heat exchanger.
  • the motor Under the action of the liquid cooling system, heat exchanger and air cooling device, the motor can be quickly cooled.
  • the motor heat dissipation efficiency ensures the output power of the motor;
  • the stator is
  • the shaft has a hollow structure so that the motor driver can be placed in the accommodation space formed by the stator and motor driver cooling device.
  • the motor has a compact structure and high integration.

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Abstract

本公开提供一种外转子电机，包括电机驱动器冷却装置、液冷系统以及轴部轴部具有腔体的定子，其中，电机驱动器至少一部分设在腔体中，电机驱动器设于电机驱动器冷却装置上；液冷系统设于定子和/或电机驱动器冷却装置上，液冷系统用于对定子和/或电机驱动器进行降温，且液冷系统至少一部分延伸至电机的外部。本公开的有益效果是液冷系统设置在定子铁芯及电机驱动器冷却装置上，对定子铁芯及电机驱动器进行降温，将定子线圈铜损产生的热量和定子硅钢片铁损产生的热量带走，同时将电机驱动器的功率元器件产生的热量带走，保证电机驱动器的功率器件在安装可控的温度区间内运行，提高电机散热效率。

Description

一种外转子电机 技术领域
本公开属于电机设备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种外转子电机。
 背景技术
飞机用动力电机要求具有高的功率密度，其相对应的发热量更高，需要更好的散热设计，否则电机的寿命和可靠性难以保证，现在的双座载人级电动飞机，其动力电机多采用风冷散热式外转子电机，散热效率较低，电机持续工作在较高温度下，磁钢的磁场强度会有所下降，导致电机输出功率下降，危及飞行安全。
 技术解决方案
鉴于上述问题，本公开提供一种外转子电机，以解决现有技术存在的以上或者其他问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本公开采用的技术方案是：一种外转子电机，包括电机驱动器冷却装置、液冷系统以及轴部具有腔体的定子，其中，
电机驱动器至少一部分设在腔体中，电机驱动器设于电机驱动器冷却装置上；
液冷系统设于定子和/或电机驱动器冷却装置上，液冷系统用于对定子和/或电机驱动器进行降温，且液冷系统至少一部分延伸至电机的外部。
进一步的，液冷系统包括内部冷却装置、外部冷却装置和用于驱动冷却介质在内部冷却装置和外部冷却装置循环流动的动力装置，内部冷却装置设在电机内部，外部冷却装置设在电机外部，动力装置与内部冷却装置通过管路连通。
进一步的，内部冷却装置包括连通的定子冷却部和驱动冷却部，定子冷却部设于定子上，对定子进行降温，驱动冷却部设于电机驱动器冷却装置上，对电机驱动器进行降温，驱动冷却部与动力装置连通，以使得冷却介质依次流经驱动冷却部和定子冷却部。
进一步的，定子冷却部包括多个沿着定子轴向方向设置的第一通道和多个沿着定子周向方向设置的第二通道，多个第一通道沿着定子的周向依次设置，多个第二通道沿着定子的周向依次设置，且多个第二通道被设置为位于多个第一通道的两端，任一第二通道与相邻两个第一通道连通，以使得多个第一通道与多个第二通道一接一依次连接，构造出一曲线型通道结构。
进一步的，定子包括定子铁芯，定子铁芯设有用于放置定子冷却部的容纳通道。
进一步的，驱动冷却部为螺旋线型的通道结构。
进一步的，电机驱动器冷却装置背离电机驱动器的侧面设有容纳槽，驱动冷却部设于容纳槽内。
进一步的，电机驱动器冷却装置的与定子冷却部位置相对应的位置设有安装通孔，以使得冷定子冷却部可插接于安装通孔内。
进一步的，外部冷却装置包括至少一个第一管路，第一管路呈环形设置，第一管路的一端与动力装置连通，第一管路的另一端与内部冷却装置连通。
进一步的，电机还包括热交换器，热交换器环设于外部冷却装置的周侧，进行散热。
进一步的，热交换器为环形刺片式散热器。
进一步的，电机驱动器冷却装置具有通孔，以使得腔体与电机外部连通。
进一步的，电机还包括风冷装置、导流板和底座，底座与电机驱动器冷却装置连接，导流板与底座连接，风冷装置与导流板连接，风冷装置用于热交换器的空气流通。
进一步的，导流板与定子同轴设置，且导流板所具有的腔体使得定子所具有的腔体与电机的外部连通，风冷装置的驱动控制装置设于电机驱动器上。
进一步的，风冷装置还包括风扇以及用于驱动风扇转动的风冷动力装置，风冷动力装置与导流板连接。
进一步的，风冷动力装置为外转子空心轴电机。
进一步的，动力装置设于电机的外部，动力装置为泵。
进一步的，液冷系统还包括用于存储冷却介质的存储装置，存储装置设于电机的外部，外部冷却装置与存储装置连通，动力装置与存储装置连通，存储装置竖直设置，存储装置的进水口设于存储装置的顶部，存储装置的出水口设于存储装置的底部，存储装置上设置有泄压阀。
进一步的，电机还包括多个温度检测装置，各个温度检测装置分别设于定子的线圈、液冷系统的进水口和出水口上，温度检测装置与电机驱动器连接，电机驱动器用于根据各个温度检测装置的温度调整动力装置和/或风冷动力装置的转速。
由于采用上述技术方案，该外转子电机具有液冷系统，液冷系统设置在定子铁芯及电机驱动器冷却装置上，对定子铁芯及电机驱动器进行降温，将定子线圈铜损产生的热量和定子硅钢片铁损产生的热量带走，同时将电机驱动器的功率元器件产生的热量带走，保证电机驱动器的功率器件在安装可控的温度区间内运行，提高电机散热效率，满足飞机用动力电机的高功率密度、高可靠性、长寿命的要求；
液冷系统在电机的外部设有外部冷却装置，外部冷却装置上设置有热交换器，外部冷却装置与热交换器进行热交换，将外部冷却装置上的热量带走，使得从液冷系统流出的冷却介质温度降低，以便再次循环使用；还具有风冷装置，风冷装置具有轴流风扇，能够带动空气流动，实现热交换器的空气通道中的空气流动，能够快速与热交换器进行热交换，在液冷系统、热交换器与风冷装置的作用下能够对电机快速降温，电机散热效率，保证电机的输出功率；
该定子为轴部中空结构，以便电机驱动器能够放置于定子与电机驱动器冷却装置构成的容纳空间内，电机结构紧凑，集成度高。
 附图说明
附图示出了本公开的示例性实施方式，并与其说明一起用于解释本公开的原理，其中包括了这些附图以提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且附图包括在本说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分。
图1是本公开的一实施例的外转子电机的立体结构示意图；
图2是本公开的一实施例的外转子电机的主视结构示意图；
图3是图2的A-A剖面结构示意图；
图4是图2的B-B剖面结构示意图；
图5是图2的C-C剖面结构示意图；
图6是本公开的一实施例的外转子电机的仰视结构示意图；
图7是本公开的一实施例的液冷系统的整体结构示意图；
图8是本公开的一实施例的液冷系统的主视结构示意图；
图9是本公开的一实施例的液冷系统的仰视结构示意图。
图中：
1、动力装置 2、存储装置 3、热交换器
4、转子下部结构 5、转子中部结构 6、转子上部结构
7、风冷装置 8、定子上部结构 9、定子铁芯
10、电机驱动器 11、电机驱动器冷却装置 12、导流板
13、定子冷却部 14、驱动冷却部 15、外部冷却装置
16、底座 130、第一通道 131、第二通道。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本公开作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释相关内容，而非对本公开的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本公开相关的部分。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本公开中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本公开。
图1示出本公开一实施例的结构示意图，本实施例涉及一种外转子电机，该外转子电机设有液冷系统，分别对定子及电机驱动器冷却装置进行降温，设置有热交换器，热交换器与液冷系统能够进行热交换，能够将定子线圈铜损产生的热量和定子硅钢片铁损产生的热量转移到热交换器上，进行散热，提高电机散热效率，定子为轴部空心结构，电机驱动器能够放置于定子的轴部空心结构内，电机集成度高，提高电机的可靠性。
一种外转子电机，用于多旋翼动力电机，也可用作固定翼推进电机，如图1-图6所示，包括电机驱动器冷却装置11、液冷系统以及轴部具有腔体的定子，其中，电机驱动器10至少一部分设于腔体中，电机驱动器10设于电机驱动器冷却装置11上；
液冷系统分别设于定子和/或电机驱动器冷却装置11上，且液冷系统只是一部分延伸至电机的外部，对定子和/或电机驱动器10进行降温，使得电机在工作时定子及电机驱动器10能够及时散热，能够保证电机驱动器10的功率器件在安装可控的温度区间内运行，定子能够及时散热，提高电机散热效率，保证电机的输出功率。
电机驱动器10至少一部分设于腔体中，电机驱动器10可以一部分设置在腔体中，或者，电机驱动器10可以全部设置在腔体中，根据实际需求进行选择设置，这里不做具体要求。在本实施例中，优选的，电机驱动器冷却装置11设于定子的一端，由于定子的轴部为空心结构，电机驱动器冷却装置11与定子构造出一腔体，用于设置电机驱动器10，电机驱动器10位于腔体内，使得电机的整体结构紧凑，集成度高，同时，便于电机驱动器10的输出端和输入端的连接线路穿过。
如图3和图4所示，该外转子电机还包括转子，转子设于定子的外部，转子与定子通过轴承连接，以使得转子能够相对定子转动。上述的定子包括定子铁芯9和定子上部结构8，定子上部结构8与定子铁芯9的一端可拆卸连接，定子铁芯9与定子上部结构8同轴设置，定子铁芯9与定子上部结构8均为轴部中空结构，即，定子铁芯9与定子上部结构8均为环形结构，两端与外部连通，中间具有与两端连通的容纳空间，为空心轴结构，使得定子轴部具有腔体，以使得电机驱动器10能够放置于该腔体内，缩小电机的体积，使得电机的结构紧凑。在本实施例中，电机驱动器冷却装置11与定子上部结构8分别位于定子铁芯9的两端，通过螺栓等连接件进行连接；上述的转子包括转子上部结构6、转子中部结构5和转子下部结构4，转子上部结构6、转子中部结构5与转子下部结构4依次可拆卸连接，该连接方式优选为通过螺栓等连接件进行连接；转子上部结构6与定子上部结构8的位置相对应，在转子上部结构6与定子上部结构8之间设置有主轴承，以使得转子上部结构6能够相对定子上部结构8进行转动，该主轴承优选为双列角接触薄壁轴承，背靠背安装形式，能够承受电机负载桨叶产生的推力或拉力，在定子上部结构8的与主轴承相对应的位置设置有定子挡圈，在转子上部结构6的与主轴承相对应的位置设置有转子挡圈，定子挡圈与转子挡圈分别对主轴承在轴向方向进行定位，同时，转子上部结构6与定子上部结构8均设有定位部，在轴向方向上对主轴承进行定位，使得主轴承能够稳定的安装在转子上部结构6与定子上部结构8之间，能够承受拉力或推力，使得转子上部结构6能够相对定子上部结构8转动；转子下部结构4与定子铁芯9的靠近电机驱动器冷却装置11的一端的位置相对应，转子下部结构4与定子铁芯9之间设置有副轴承，以使得转子下部结构4能够相对定子铁芯9转动，该副轴承优选为深沟球薄壁轴承，对转子下部结构4进行支撑，防止转子倾覆。为了对副轴承进行定位及减少对定子铁芯9施加的力，该副轴承设置在转子下部结构4与电机驱动器冷却装置11之间，电机驱动器冷却装置11上设置有凸起，副轴承设置在凸起与转子下部结构4之间的空间内。转子上部结构6在主轴承的作用下能够相对定子上部结构8转动，转子下部结构4在副轴承的作用下能够相对电机驱动器冷却装置11转动，转子中部结构5在转子上部结构6和转子下部结构4的作用下转动，实现转子相对定子转动，构成外转子的整体结构。
如图7-图9所示，上述的液冷系统包括内部冷却装置、外部冷却装置15和用于驱动冷却介质在所述内部冷却装置和外部冷却装置15循环流动的动力装置1，内部冷却装置设在电机内部，外部冷却装置15设在电机外部，动力装置1与内部冷却装置通过管路连通。内部冷却装置与外部冷却装置15连通，外部冷却装置15与动力装置1连通，以使得冷却介质在动力装置1的作用下依次进入内部冷却装置和外部冷却装置15，并从外部冷却装置15流出，进行循环流动，冷却介质在动力装置1的作用下在内部冷却装置和外部冷却装置15内流动，进行热交换，将电机产生的热量带走，提高电机的散热效率。在本实施例中，该冷却介质优选为水。
上述的内部冷却装置设置在电机的内部，对电机内部进行降温，内部冷却装置包括定子冷却部13和驱动冷却部14，定子冷却部13与驱动冷却部14连通，定子冷却部13设于定子上，对定子进行降温，驱动冷却部14设于电机驱动器冷却装置11上，对电机驱动器10进行降温。
具体地，该定子冷却部13设置在定子的定子铁芯9上，对定子铁芯9进行降温，将定子铁芯9上的绕组线圈铜损产生的热量和构成定子铁芯9的硅钢片铁损产生的热量带走，该定子冷却部13可以设置在定子铁芯9的未设置有定子槽的一侧面(位于容纳空间的内侧面)上，或者，定子冷却部13可以设置在定子铁芯9的内部，位于定子铁芯9的定子槽与内侧面之间，或者是其他设置方式，根据实际需求进行选择设置，这里不做具体要求。为了能够快速对定子铁芯9进行降温，在本实施例中，定如图3、图4和图7所示，定子的定子铁芯9上设有多个容纳通道，定子冷却部13设置定子铁芯9的内部，多个容纳通道沿着定子铁芯9的周向方向依次设置，且多个容纳通道被设置为相互连通的两组，一组容纳通道中多个容纳通道均沿着定子铁芯9的轴向方向设置，另一组容纳通道设于定子铁芯9的远离与电机驱动器冷却装置11相连接的一端，沿着定子铁芯9的周向方向设置，以使得定子冷却部13设置于容纳通道内，对定子铁芯9进行降温。定子铁芯9为具有多个容纳通道的中空结构，以便定子冷却部13安装在容纳通道内，一组容纳通道设于定子铁芯9的内部，该组容纳通道均沿着定子铁芯9的轴向方向设置，且该组容纳通道中的多个容纳通道沿着定子铁芯9的周向方向依次设置，优选的，该组容纳通道中的多个容纳通道的均与定子铁芯9的轴线平行设置，则该组容纳通道为贯穿定子铁芯9的孔结构；另一组容纳通道中的多个容纳通道沿着定子铁芯9的周向方向依次设置，该组容纳通道中的每一个容纳通道均沿着定子铁芯9的周向方向设置，该组容纳通道可以设置在定子铁芯9的一端，或者，在定子铁芯9的两端，均设置有该组容纳通道，根据实际需求进行设置，这里不做具体要求，该组容纳通道为槽结构，由定子铁芯9的面向定子槽的一侧面向定子铁芯9的内侧面方向凹陷形成。
上述的定子冷却部13包括多个沿着定子轴向方向设置的第一通道130和多个沿着定子周向方向设置的第二通道131，多个第一通道130沿着定子的周向方向依次设置，多个第二通道131沿着定子的周向方向依次设置，且第二通道131设于第一通道130的两端，任一第二通道131与相邻两个第一通道130连通，以使得多个第一通道130与多个第二通道131一接一依次首尾连接，构造出一曲线型通道结构，第一通道130与第二通道131在连接时，一个第一通道130的一端与一个第二通道131的一端连接，该第二通道131的另一端与另一个第一通道130连接，该第一通道130的另一端与另一个第二通道131的一端连接，……，依次设置，构造出一个通道结构，该通道结构的轴线形状为曲线，构造出定子冷却部13的结构，该定子冷却部13的两端分别为进水口和出水口。在本实施例中，多个第一通道130均与定子的轴线平行设置，第一通道130设置在定子铁芯9的一组沿定子铁芯9的轴向方向设置的容纳通道里，该组容纳通道的形状与第一通道130的形状相适应，第一通道130与容纳通道贴合，第二通道131设置在定子铁芯9的另一组沿定子铁芯9的周向方向设置的容纳通道里，该组容纳通道的形状与第二通道131的形状相适应，第二通道131与容纳通道贴合，进行热传递。第一通道130与第二通道131构成上下往返形式的定子冷却部13的结构，与定子铁芯9的接触面积大，湍流效果好，热交换效率高。
上述的驱动冷却部14为通道结构，呈螺旋线型设置，驱动冷却部14为一螺旋线型的通道结构，该驱动冷却部14的一端与定子冷却部13的进水口连通，进行冷却介质循环流动。采用螺旋线型的通道结构，使得驱动冷却部14与电机驱动器冷却装置11的接触面积大，使得冷却介质与电机驱动器冷却装置11的接触面积大，以便于将电机驱动器10中的发热元器件产生的热量传导出去。
如图3和图4所示，电机驱动器冷却装置11背离电机驱动器10的侧面设有容纳槽，驱动冷却部14设于容纳槽内，该容纳槽的形状与驱动冷却部14的形状相一致，以便于驱动冷却部14与容纳槽相贴合，进行热交换。该电机驱动器冷却装置11为板结构，电机驱动器10固定安装在电机驱动器冷却装置11的面向容纳空间的一侧面上，电机驱动器10的功率元器件铺贴在电机驱动器冷却装置11的该侧面上，且该电机驱动器冷却装置11具有通孔，以使得容纳空间与电机外部连通，以使得电机驱动器10的输入端通过该通孔与电机外部的其他设备连接，该电机驱动器10的输入端为两根电源线(正负极)和信号总线的连接器，电机驱动器10的输出端为三根电机相线端子座，电机三根相线从容纳空间的上部接入到电机驱动器10上。
在电机驱动器冷却装置11的另一侧面设置容纳槽，容纳槽沿着通孔周向设置，同时，电机驱动器冷却装置11的与定子冷却部13位置相对应位置设有安装通孔，以使得定子冷却部13可插接于安装通孔内，该安装通孔设于容纳槽的外部，该电机驱动器冷却装置11与定子铁芯9固定连接，该固定连接方式优选为通过螺栓等连接件进行连接。
上述的外部冷却装置15设置在电机的外部，在本实施例中，该外部冷却装置15设置在定子铁芯9的下部(电机外部的靠近电机驱动器冷却装置11的一端)，外部冷却装置15包括至少一个第一管路，该第一管路呈环形设置，第一管路的一端与动力装置1连通，第一管路的另一端与内部冷却装置连通，进行冷却介质的流动。为了增加冷却介质的流动路径的长度，进行散热，在本实施例中，该第一管路的数量优选为两个，两个第一管路均呈环形设置，其中，第一个第一管路的一端与第二个第一管路的一端连通，第一个第一管路的的另一端与存储装置2连通，第二个第一管路的另一端与内部冷却装置连通，即，第二个第一管路的该端与定子冷却部13的出水口连通。两个第一管路固定连接，该固定连接方式优选为一体成型，使得外部冷却装置15为双通道环形结构。
在本实施例中，优选的，定子冷却部13、驱动冷却部14与外部冷却装置15同轴设置。
上述的动力装置1设于电机的转子的外部，便于维护，该动力装置1为泵，为冷却介质的循环流动提供动力，可以是离心式水泵，也可以是齿轮式水泵，或者是其他类型的水泵，根据实际需求进行选择设置，动力装置1的出水口通过连接管道与驱动冷却部14的进水口连通，驱动冷却部14的出水口与定子冷却部13的进水口连通。泵设置在驱动冷却部14的进水口处，冷却介质温度较低，提高泵的使用寿命。
上述的液冷系统还包括存储装置2，存储装置2与外部冷却装置15连通，同时，存储装置2与动力装置1连通，上述的存储装置2设于电机的外部，存储装置2用于存储冷却介质，存储装置2竖直设置，存储装置2的进水口设于存储装置2的顶部，出水口设于存储装置2的底部，存储装置2上设置有泄压阀，优选的，该存储装置2为水箱，水箱的进水口与外部冷却装置15的出水口连通，水箱的出水口通过管道与动力装置1连通，以此构成液冷系统的冷却介质流动循环管路结构。泄压阀的设置，当存储装置2内冷却介质的温度过高，甚至沸腾后，通过泄压阀能够释放冷却介质流通管路中的压力，避免冷却介质流通管路中各个接头节点发生泄露而造成危险。
液冷系统在对电机进行降温过程中，冷却介质的流向顺序为：冷却介质从存储装置2内流出，经动力装置1进入驱动冷却部14内，与电机驱动器冷却装置11进行热交换，然后进入定子冷却部13，与定子铁芯9进行热交换，然后进入外部冷却装置15内，与空气进行热交换，然后进入存储装置2内，然后再次循环，依次对电机驱动器冷却装置11(即电机驱动器10)及定子铁芯9进行降温，首先对电机驱动器10进行降温，确保电机驱动器10的功率器件在安全可控的温度区间内运行。
进一步优化方案，如图1-图6所示，为使得外部冷却装置15能够快速降温，能够快速的进行热交换，该电机还包括风冷装置7、导流板12和底座16，底座16与电机驱动器冷却装置11连接，导流板12与底座16连接，风冷装置7与导流板12连接。该底座16的设置，便于导流板12与风冷装置7的安装。该底座16为环形结构，底座16与电机驱动器冷却装置11通过螺栓等连接件固定连接，该底座16的直径大于驱动冷却部14的直径，以使得底座16与电机驱动器冷却装置11连接时不会与驱动冷却部14接触，不会造成干涉。
该底座16包括第一连接部和第二连接部，第一连接部与第二连接部固定连接，该第一连接部为板状结构，第一连接部与电机驱动器冷却装置11固定连接，且第一连接部具有第一通孔，该第一通孔与电机驱动器冷却装置11上的通孔同轴设置，第一通孔的直径不大于通孔的直径，以使得第一连接部能够对电机驱动器冷却装置11上的容纳槽进行遮挡，以使得容纳槽大致变成一个孔结构，以使得驱动冷却部14安装在容纳槽内时不会从容纳槽内脱落，第一连接部对驱动冷却部14进行承托；第二连接部为环形结构，固定安装在第一连接部的端部的周侧，且第二连接部位于第一连接部的未与电机驱动器冷却装置11相连接的一侧面。第一连接部与第二连接部固定连接，该固定连接方式优选为一体成型。同时，在第二连接部上设置多个开口，以便于连接管道通过，同时，便于空气流通，外部冷却装置15环设在第二连接部的外部，通过空气流通能够进行热交换，将热量带走。
导流板12与定子同轴设置，导流板12所具有的腔体使得定子所具有腔体与电机的外部连通，即，导流板12分别与容纳空间与电机的外部连通，风冷装置7的驱动控制装置设于电机驱动器10上，该导流板12的设置，对风冷装置7产生的空气流动进行导向，该导流板12与第一连接部固定连接，位于第二连接部的内部。导流板12为环形结构，导流板12的与底座16相连接的一端的直径大于另一端的直径，以使得导流板12的形状大致为锥形。为了便于与动力装置1和存储装置2相连接的管道能够与内部冷却装置和外部冷却装置15相连接，在导流板12上设置开口，以便于连接管道能够穿过。
风冷装置7还包括风扇以及用于驱动风扇转动的风冷动力装置，风冷动力装置与导流板12连接，风扇与风冷动力装置连接，风冷动力装置驱动风扇转动，该风冷动力装置为外转子空心轴电机，外转子空心轴电机的定子与导流板12固定连接，风扇与转子连接，以使得风扇能够相对导流板12转动。同时，风冷动力装置1的驱动电路设于电机驱动器10上，使得该外转子电机集成度高，选择外转子空心轴电机，能够便于该电机的线缆提供过线通道，使得该电机能够与电机驱动器10连接。风扇的转动，能够带动空气流动，与外部冷却装置15进行热交换。风扇与导流板12同轴设置，为轴流风扇。
电机还包括热交换器3，热交换器3与底座16连接，且热交换器3环设于外部冷却装置15的周侧，进行散热。该热交换器3固定安装在第二连接部上，且热交换器3位于第二连接部的外部，外部冷却装置15位于热交换器3的内部，外部冷却装置15与热交换器3接触，该热交换器3为环形刺片式散热器，与外部冷却装置15进行热交换，外部冷却装置15为来回往返管路，有利于提高热交换器3的温度均匀性，提高散热效率。
当该外转子电机作为拉力电机使用时，热交换器3的空气通道是以环形从外向内为刺片散热器散热，再通过导流板12向电机尾部流出，空气通道中布置轴流风扇，为空气流动提供动力；当该外转子电机作为推力电机使用时，热交换器3的空气通道与前者相反，轴流风扇吹动空气从尾部向热交换器3流动，然后以环形从内向外吹过热交换器3为其刺片散热。
该外转子电机还包括多个温度检测装置，各个温度检测装置分别设于定子的线圈、液冷系统的进水口和出水口上，温度检测装置与电机驱动器10连接，用于监测线圈、液冷系统的进水口及出水口的温度，电机驱动器10用于根据各个温度检测装置的温度调整动力装置和/或风冷动力装置的转速。该温度检测装置优选为温度传感器。
上述的动力装置1和风冷动力装置均可以进行调速，动力装置1和风冷动力装置均与电机驱动器10连接，根据线圈、液冷系统的进水口及出水口的温度，调整动力装置1和风冷动力装置的转速，以控制散热功率。
该外转子电机在工作时，动力装置1动作，使得存储装置2内的冷却介质流出，进入驱动冷却部14，并在驱动冷却部14内流动，呈螺旋线型流动，对电机驱动器冷却装置11进行降温，进而对电机驱动器10进行降温，然后冷却介质进入定子冷却部13，并在定子冷却部13内流动，进行上下往返流动，对定子铁芯9进行降温，从定子冷却部13出来的冷却介质进入外部冷却装置15内，并在外部冷却装置15内流动，呈来回往返流动，与热交换器3进行热交换，进行降温，从外部冷却装置15内流出的冷却介质进入存储装置2内，以便进行下一步循环；在此过程中，风冷装置7动作，风扇转动，根据电机的使用方式，控制热交换器3的空气通道，为热交换器3进行散热，提高散热效率；温度检测装置监测线圈、液冷系统的进水口及出水口的冷却介质的温度，控制动力装置1和风冷动力装置的转速，控制散热效率。
由于采用上述技术方案，该外转子电机具有液冷系统，液冷系统设置在定子铁芯及电机驱动器冷却装置上，对定子铁芯及电机驱动器进行降温，将定子线圈铜损产生的热量和定子硅钢片铁损产生的热量带走，同时将电机驱动器的功率元器件产生的热量带走，保证电机驱动器的功率器件在安装可控的温度区间内运行，提高电机散热效率，满足飞机用动力电机的高功率密度、高可靠性、长寿命的要求；液冷系统在电机的外部设有外部冷却装置，外部冷却装置上设置有热交换器，外部冷却装置与热交换器进行热交换，将外部冷却装置上的热量带走，使得从液冷系统流出的冷却介质温度降低，以便再次循环使用；还具有风冷装置，风冷装置具有轴流风扇，能够带动空气流动，实现热交换器的空气通道中的空气流动，能够快速与热交换器进行热交换，在液冷系统、热交换器与风冷装置的作用下能够对电机快速降温，电机散热效率，保证电机的输出功率；该定子为轴部中空结构，以便电机驱动器能够放置于定子与电机驱动器冷却装置构成的容纳空间内，电机结构紧凑，集成度高。
本领域的技术人员应当理解，上述实施方式仅仅是为了清楚地说明本公开，而并非是对本公开的范围进行限定。对于所属领域的技术人员而言，在上述公开的基础上还可以做出其它变化或变型，并且这些变化或变型仍处于本公开的范围内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种外转子电机，其特征在于：包括电机驱动器冷却装置、液冷系统以及轴部具有腔体的定子，其中，
    所述电机驱动器至少一部分设在所述腔体中，所述电机驱动器设于所述电机驱动器冷却装置上；
    所述液冷系统设于所述定子和/或所述电机驱动器冷却装置上，所述液冷系统用于对所述定子和/或所述电机驱动器进行降温，且所述液冷系统至少一部分延伸至电机的外部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述液冷系统包括内部冷却装置、外部冷却装置和用于驱动冷却介质在所述内部冷却装置和外部冷却装置循环流动的动力装置，所述内部冷却装置设在所述电机内部，所述外部冷却装置设在所述电机外部，所述动力装置与所述内部冷却装置通过管路连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述内部冷却装置包括连通的定子冷却部和驱动冷却部，所述定子冷却部设于所述定子上，对所述定子进行降温，所述驱动冷却部设于所述电机驱动器冷却装置上，对所述电机驱动器进行降温，所述驱动冷却部与所述动力装置连通，以使得冷却介质依次流经所述驱动冷却部和所述定子冷却部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述定子冷却部包括多个沿着所述定子轴向方向设置的第一通道和多个沿着所述定子周向方向设置的第二通道，多个所述第一通道沿着所述定子的周向依次设置，多个所述第二通道沿着所述定子的周向依次设置，且多个所述第二通道被设置为位于多个所述第一通道的两端，任一所述第二通道与相邻两个所述第一通道连通，以使得多个所述第一通道与多个所述第二通道一接一依次连接，构造出一曲线型通道结构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述定子包括定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯设有用于放置所述定子冷却部的容纳通道。
  6. 根据权利要求3或4或5所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述驱动冷却部为螺旋线型的通道结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述电机驱动器冷却装置背离所述电机驱动器的侧面设有容纳槽，所述驱动冷却部设于所述容纳槽内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述电机驱动器冷却装置的与所述定子冷却部位置相对应的位置设有安装通孔，以使得所述定子冷却部可插接于所述安装通孔内。
  9. 根据权利要求2-5和7-8任一项所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述外部冷却装置包括至少一个第一管路，所述第一管路呈环形设置，所述第一管路的一端与所述动力装置连通，所述第一管路的另一端与所述内部冷却装置连通。
  10. 根据权利要求2-5和7-8任一项所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述电机还包括热交换器，所述热交换器环设于所述外部冷却装置的周侧，进行散热。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述热交换器为环形刺片式散热器。
  12. 根据权利要求1-5、7-8和11任一项所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述电机驱动器冷却装置具有通孔，以使得所述腔体与电机外部连通。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述电机还包括风冷装置、导流板和底座，所述底座与所述电机驱动器冷却装置连接，所述导流板与所述底座连接，所述风冷装置与所述导流板连接，所述风冷装置用于所述热交换器的空气流通。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述导流板与所述定子同轴设置，且所述导流板所具有的腔体使得所述定子所具有的腔体与所述电机的外部连通，所述风冷装置的驱动控制装置设于所述电机驱动器上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述风冷装置还包括风扇以及用于驱动风扇转动的风冷动力装置，所述风冷动力装置与所述导流板连接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述风冷动力装置为外转子空心轴电机。
  17. 根据权利要求2所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述动力装置设于所述电机的外部，所述动力装置为泵。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述液冷系统还包括用于存储冷却介质的存储装置，所述存储装置设于所述电机的外部，所述外部冷却装置与所述存储装置连通，所述动力装置与所述存储装置连通，所述存储装置竖直设置，所述存储装置的进水口设于所述存储装置的顶部，所述存储装置的出水口设于所述存储装置的底部，所述存储装置上设置有泄压阀。
  19. 根据权利要求13-16任一项所述的外转子电机，其特征在于：所述电机还包括多个温度检测装置，各个所述温度检测装置分别设于所述定子的线圈、所述液冷系统的进水口和出水口上，所述温度检测装置与所述电机驱动器连接，所述电机驱动器用于根据各个所述温度检测装置的温度调整所述动力装置和/或所述风冷动力装置的转速。
PCT/CN2022/141677 2022-06-21 2022-12-23 一种外转子电机 WO2023246048A1 (zh)

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