WO2023242813A1 - Hybrid turff - Google Patents
Hybrid turff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023242813A1 WO2023242813A1 PCT/IB2023/056255 IB2023056255W WO2023242813A1 WO 2023242813 A1 WO2023242813 A1 WO 2023242813A1 IB 2023056255 W IB2023056255 W IB 2023056255W WO 2023242813 A1 WO2023242813 A1 WO 2023242813A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- net
- hybrid turf
- tert
- wax
- filiform elements
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- -1 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UVCJGUGAGLDPAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ensulizole Chemical compound N1C2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C2N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UVCJGUGAGLDPAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920009537 polybutylene succinate adipate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCCCC)CC(=O)OCCCC ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC([O-])=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetyl tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCCCC QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014220 Rhus chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000003152 Rhus chinensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004204 candelilla wax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013868 candelilla wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940073532 candelilla wax Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940087101 dibenzylidene sorbitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012802 nanoclay Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001046 Nanocellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoyloxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCILJBJJZALOAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-n'-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]propanehydrazide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)NNC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 HCILJBJJZALOAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CWPKTBMRVATCBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[1-[1-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]piperidin-4-yl]-1h-benzimidazol-2-one Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1CN1CCC(N2CCC(CC2)N2C(NC3=CC=CC=C32)=O)CC1 CWPKTBMRVATCBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3,5-bis[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005692 JONCRYL® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- SODJJEXAWOSSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1O SODJJEXAWOSSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099371 diacetylated monoglycerides Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002479 isosorbide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940092738 beeswax Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229940082483 carnauba wax Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001020 poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(O)=O JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037534 Progressive hemifacial atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000209 biodegradability test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940040102 levulinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012017 passive hemagglutination assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009732 tufting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/94—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of other polycondensation products
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0068—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by the primary backing or the fibrous top layer
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
- D06N7/0081—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing with at least one extra fibrous layer at the backing, e.g. stabilizing fibrous layer, fibrous secondary backing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
- D06N2209/1607—Degradability
- D06N2209/1614—Biodegradable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
- E01C2013/086—Combination of synthetic and natural grass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of turfs and in particular to a hybrid turf.
- hybrid turfs are portions of soil comprising natural (grass) and synthetic fibers, suitably interspersed, to obtain portions of lawn.
- the reinforcement imparted to natural fibers (natural grass) by synthetic fibers (artificial grass) ensures stability and a uniform playing surface immediately after installation.
- the grass crown (heart) is then located between the artificial fibers covered with sand, where it is protected from wear and tear damage.
- synthetic turfs are constrained in an open-weave backing, clogged with specific sand.
- the Applicant has observed that whenever a new hybrid turf mat is to be installed at a site of use, the synthetic components of the old worn-out hybrid turf mat must be completely removed from the soil before the new hybrid turf can be installed. Removing the worn-out hybrid turf mat may not be easy, as the hybrid turf mat is often strongly interconnected with the roots of natural herbaceous plants. The disposal of the worn-out hybrid turf mat is challenging because the mixture of natural grass, dirt and synthetic materials, if undivided and washed, cannot be recycled, is expensive to dispose of and, therefore, has a strong environmental impact.
- biodegradable fibers used to date do not allow a precise estimate of the biodegradability timings.
- biodegradation is a process that depends on a plurality of environmental factors and on the actual life expectancy of an artificial or hybrid turf mat.
- the Applicant has posed the problem of implementing a hybrid turf which is easy and economical to replace and dispose of and whose disposal does not result in a great environmental impact.
- the Applicant has also posed the problem of implementing a hybrid turf which has precise biodegradability timings.
- the Applicant has also posed the problem of the environmental impact of the current plastics used for this application, since they are in direct contact with the soil and aquifers.
- the invention in a first aspect thereof, relates to a hybrid turf comprising a plurality of synthetic fibers grouped in skeins, each comprising a plurality of filiform elements; characterized in that it comprises a first biodegradable net;
- said first biodegradable net and/or said filiform elements comprising a polymeric composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or mixtures thereof;
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PBSA succinic acid and adipic acid
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- said first net /or said filiform elements (12) comprising at least one nucleant selected from the group consisting of Boron Nitride, Talc, Hydroxyapatite, Zinc Stearate, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Montmorillonite nano-clay, Single-wall carbon nanotubes, Multi -wall carbon nanotubes, Cyanuric acid, Fatty acids, Fatty acid esters, Fatty acid amines, Fatty acid metal salts, pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, urea derivatives, sorbitol-based compounds, sodium benzoate and mixtures thereof;
- said first net and/or said filiform elements (12) comprise at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of Pentaerythrole tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 1,3,5-Trimethyl- 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 2,4-Bis[(octylthio)methyl)]-o- cresol, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-benzophenone, Ethylene bis(oxyethylene)-bis-(3- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl)propionate), Octadecyl-[3-[
- the present invention in the aforementioned aspect, can have at least one of the preferred characteristics hereinafter described.
- the first net comprises at least one copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate.
- PBSA adipic acid
- said polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount by weight to the amount of total polymers.
- said polyhydroxy alkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount between 10 and 90% by weight to the total amount of polymers in the polymeric composition.
- said first net or said filiform elements comprise at least one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), acetyl-tri- n-butyl citrate (ATBC), isosorbide diester (ISE), sorbitol, glycerol, Acetylated monoglycerides, Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), Triethyl citrate (TEC), tri(ethylene glycol)-bis-(2-ethyl hexanoate) (TEG-EH), Tributyl citrate (TBC), 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, l,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidene sorbitol, bis-(stearylureide) hexane, 1,3, 2, 4-di-(p-m ethylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, and
- said first net /or said filiform elements (12) comprise at least 80% by weight to the respective total weight of a polymeric composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4- butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or mixtures thereof.
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PBSA succinic acid and adipic acid
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- the first net /or said filiform elements comprise at least one nucleant selected from the group consisting of Boron Nitride, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Montmorillonite nano-clay, pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof.
- the first net and/or said filiform elements comprise at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of Beeswax, Carnauba wax, Candelilla wax, Sumac wax (Japanese wax), and mixtures thereof.
- the first net and/or said filiform elements comprise at least one viscosity modifier and/or compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of DCP dicumyl peroxide, TBPB of tert-Butylperoxybenzoate, Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), Multi-functionalized styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomer (Joncryl®), Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).
- DCP dicumyl peroxide TBPB of tert-Butylperoxybenzoate
- HMDI Hexamethylene diisocyanate
- Joncryl® Multi-functionalized styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomer
- TGIC Triglycidyl isocyanurate
- BPO Benzoyl peroxide
- MDI
- the hybrid turf comprises a backing element for the plurality of synthetic fibers; said backing element comprising at least one first layer comprising a second net that is made of natural organic material comprising meshes defining a plurality of openings configured so as to allow natural grass to take root therein, and at least one second layer, coupled to said first layer, said second layer comprising said first net.
- the hybrid turf comprises a plurality of grass blades interspersed with the plurality of synthetic fibers.
- the second net includes meshes, each mesh being able to be inscribed in a square with side in the range between 0.2 cm and 2 cm.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the hybrid turf according to the present invention, with a partially exploded part;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of a skein of filiform elements comprising synthetic fibers
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the hybrid turf according to the present invention
- FIG. 4 shows Table 1 with 9 examples of the composition of the first net and/or filiform elements according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a series of biodegradability tests, performed on different samples of the first net and/or filiform elements according to the present invention.
- a turf preferably a hybrid turf according to the present invention, is denoted by the numerical reference 10.
- a first embodiment of the hybrid turf 10 according to the present invention comprises a backing element 2 and a plurality of synthetic fibers 3 combined with the backing element 2.
- the hybrid turf 10 further comprises a plurality of grass blades 15 which are alternated with the synthetic fibers 3, so as to make a substantially continuous mat of grass blades 15 and synthetic fibers 3.
- the backing element 2 When installed, the backing element 2 may have a substantially planar configuration comprising at least one first layer 4 made of a second net 5 made of a natural organic material, preferably cotton.
- the second net 5 comprises meshes defining a plurality of openings configured so as to allow the natural grass blades 15 to root inside it.
- the second net 5 comprises meshes 8 being able to be inscribed in a square with side in the range between 0.1 cm and 2 cm.
- the backing element 2 also comprises a second layer 6 made of a first net 7 made of a biodegradable polymeric composition.
- the biodegradable polymeric composition making the first net 7 is the same as the synthetic fibers 3.
- the first net 7 comprises meshes 9 defining a plurality of openings.
- the first net 7 comprises meshes 9 being able to be inscribed, in plan view, in a square with side in the range between 0.2 cm and 2 cm.
- the first layer 4 is combined with the second layer 6.
- the first layer 4 is combined with the second layer 5 by hot-melt gluing. Even more preferably, the first layer 4 is combined with the second layer 6 by a hot-lamination process.
- the synthetic fibers 3 are grouped into skeins 11 evenly distributed on the turf 10.
- the synthetic fibers 3 are grouped into skeins 11 evenly distributed on the hybrid turf 10, so as to form a fiber density per m 2 (square meter) in the range between 45000 fibers/m 2 and 80000 fibers/m 2 .
- Each skein 11, better shown in Figure 2 comprises a plurality of filiform elements 12 made of a biodegradable compound, described in more detail below.
- the synthetic fibers 3 are thus depicted by the filiform elements 12.
- Each skein 11 comprises a number of filiform elements 12 or synthetic fibers 3 ranging from five to fifteen, preferably from six to twelve.
- the filiform elements 12 have the same extent ranging from 2 to 20 cm, including extremes.
- the filiform elements 12 are twisted together for at least a length T of their extent.
- the filiform elements 12 are twisted together for at least 1/3 of their extent.
- the filiform elements 12 are twisted together for at least 2/3 of their extent.
- the skeins 11, suitably folded on themselves, preferably so as to form a “V”, are combined with the backing element 2 by means of sewing.
- the skeins 11, suitably folded on themselves, preferably so as to form a “V”, are combined with the backing element 2 by means of a sewing process referred to as “tufting”.
- the synthetic fibers 3 and/or the first net 7, preferably both, are made of a biodegradable polymeric composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or mixtures thereof.
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PBSA succinic acid and adipic acid
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- the synthetic fibers 3 and/or the first net 7, preferably both, comprise at least one copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) and polyhydroxy alkanoate.
- PBSA succinic acid and adipic acid
- said polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount by weight to the amount of total polymers.
- the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount between 10 and 90% by weight to the total amount of polymers in the polymeric composition.
- a PHA mixture refers to a mixture of PHB and PHBH.
- PHA of a preferred embodiment has a weight average molecular weight (M) that can range from 10,000 to 1,000,000.
- PHA is preferably produced by microbial fermentation of an organic substrate, e.g., carbohydrate or other fermentable substrates such as glycerol, by a strain of microorganisms capable of producing PHA, and subsequent recovery of PHA from the cell mass.
- organic substrate e.g., carbohydrate or other fermentable substrates such as glycerol
- the PHA production can be obtained by fermentation of suitable substrates, processing plants, e.g., juice, molasses, pulp from processing of sugar beet and sugar cane.
- substrates generally contain, in addition to sucrose and other carbohydrates, organic growth factors, nitrogen, phosphorus and/or other minerals useful as nutrients for cell growth.
- glycerol a cheap source of organic carbon, being a by-product of biodiesel production, which can optionally be used in a mixture with levulinic acid.
- PBSA refers to a copolymer of 1, 4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid.
- PBSA is prepared by adding adipic acid to the starting materials during PBS synthesis.
- the monomers that make up PBSA are produced from biomaterial feedstocks based on PBSA that degrades faster than PBS, but PBS and PBSA biodegrade more slowly than PHA.
- the biodegradable net comprises a polymeric composition comprising at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of: polymers based on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) or polybutylene succinate (PBS).
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PBSA succinic acid and adipic acid
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- the synthetic fibers 3 and/or the first net 7, preferably both, comprise at least 80% by weight of a polymeric composition of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polymers based on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) or polybutylene succinate (PBS) together with one or more additives.
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PBSA succinic acid and adipic acid
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- the synthetic fibers 3 and/or the first net 7, preferably both, are made of a polymeric composition of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polymers based on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1, 4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) or polybutylene succinate (PBS) together with one or more additives.
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PBSA succinic acid and adipic acid
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- Additives refer to substances that improve some of the mechanical or chemical characteristics of the composition.
- PHAs polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is preferred, even more preferably a mixture of PHB and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) is used.
- Process additives and stabilizers are added to the polymeric composition.
- a mixture of PHA and PBSA is used, and even more preferably in this case PBSA is added in amounts of 0.06% to 49% by weight.
- the polymeric composition does not comprise PLA or polylactic acid.
- the polymeric composition is added in an amount of 50.00% to 99.95% by weight to the total weight of all net components.
- the synthetic fibers 3 and/or the first net 7, preferably both, comprise at least one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol) (PEG), acetyl-tri-n-butyl citrate (ATBC), isosorbide diester (ISE), sorbitol, glycerol, Acetylated monoglycerides, Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), Triethyl citrate (TEC), tri(ethylene glycol)-bis-(2-ethyl hexanoate) (TEG-EH), Tributyl citrate (TBC), 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, l,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidene sorbitol, bis-(stearylureide) hexane, 1,3, 2, 4-di-(p-m ethylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol,
- the first net 7 /or said filiform elements 12 comprise at least one nucleant selected from the group consisting of Boron Nitride, Talc, Hydroxyapatite, Zinc Stearate, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Montmorillonite nano-clay, Single-wall carbon nanotubes, Multi -wall carbon nanotubes, Cyanuric acid, Fatty acids, Fatty acid esters, Fatty acid amines, Fatty acid metal salts, pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, urea derivatives, sorbitol-based compounds, sodium benzoate and mixtures thereof.
- nucleant selected from the group consisting of Boron Nitride, Talc, Hydroxyapatite, Zinc Stearate, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Montmorillonite nano-clay, Single-wall carbon nanotubes, Multi -wall carbon nanotubes, Cyanuric acid, Fatty acids, Fatty acid esters, Fatty acid amines, Fatty acid metal salts
- the nucleant is added in percent by weight between 0.05 and 1.5% by weight, more preferably between 0.05 and 1%, e.g., 0.5% by weight.
- the first net 7 and/or said filiform elements 12 comprise at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of Pentaerythrole tetrakis(3-(3,5- di -tert-butyl -4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate), Octadecyl 3 -(3, 5 -di -tert-butyl -4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 1,3,5-Trimethyl- 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 2,4-Bis[(octylthio)methyl)]-o- cresol, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-benzophenone, Ethylene bis(oxyethylene)-bis-(3- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl)propionate), Octa functional additive
- the functional additive is selected from the group consisting of Bees Wax, Carnauba Wax, Candelilla Wax, Sumac Wax (Japanese wax) that made it possible to achieve particularly useful results in the nets.
- Each functional additive is preferably added in a percentage by weight between 0.05 and 5%, more preferably between 0.05 and 1% by weight.
- the first net 7 and/or the filiform elements 12 comprise at least one viscosity modifier and/or compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of DCP dicumyl peroxide, TBPB of tert-Butylperoxybenzoate, Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), Multi-functionalized styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomer (Joncryl®), Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).
- DCP dicumyl peroxide TBPB of tert-Butylperoxybenzoate
- HMDI Hexamethylene diisocyanate
- Joncryl® Multi-functionalized styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomer
- TGIC Triglycidyl isocyanurate
- BPO Benzoyl peroxide
- viscosity modifiers and compatibilizers added in a percentage between 0.001 and 1% by weight individually and overall between 0.05 and 2% by weight.
- Table 1 in Figure 4 shows 9 different compositions according to the present invention of the first net 7 and/or filiform elements 12 with their most relevant mechanical properties for making nets, e.g., elongation and flexural modulus.
- the hybrid turf When the hybrid turf is planted on already prepared soil, it is filled with sand 14 so that the latter has a depth of at least 10 cm relative to the backing element 2, preferably a depth of at most 30 cm relative to the backing element 2.
- Sands 14 suitable for the purpose are silica sands of various grain sizes, preferably USGA certified.
- the hybrid turf 10 is sown so that the grass blades 15 can take root and develop between a skein 11 and the next one.
- FIG. 3 An alternative embodiment of the hybrid turf 10 according to the present invention is shown in Figure 3.
- the hybrid turf 10 of figure 3 is completely similar to the hybrid turf of figure 1, except that it does not have any backing element 2 and that the skeins 11 can have a larger dimension.
- the skeins 11, suitably folded on themselves, preferably so as to form a “V”, are not combined with the backing element 2 (which is not present) but with the soil through suitable “sewing” machines.
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Abstract
A hybrid turf (10) comprising a plurality of synthetic fibers (3) grouped in skeins (11), each comprising a plurality of filiform elements (12), is described; characterized in that it comprises a first biodegradable net (7); said first biodegradable net (7) and/or said filiform elements (12) comprising a polymeric composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or mixtures thereof.
Description
“HYBRID TURFF”
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to the field of turfs and in particular to a hybrid turf.
Known art
As known, hybrid turfs are portions of soil comprising natural (grass) and synthetic fibers, suitably interspersed, to obtain portions of lawn. The reinforcement imparted to natural fibers (natural grass) by synthetic fibers (artificial grass) ensures stability and a uniform playing surface immediately after installation.
The grass crown (heart) is then located between the artificial fibers covered with sand, where it is protected from wear and tear damage.
In some cases, synthetic turfs are constrained in an open-weave backing, clogged with specific sand.
In other cases, synthetic turfs do not provide backing elements and are directly "sewn" into the soil.
The Applicant has observed that whenever a new hybrid turf mat is to be installed at a site of use, the synthetic components of the old worn-out hybrid turf mat must be completely removed from the soil before the new hybrid turf can be installed. Removing the worn-out hybrid turf mat may not be easy, as the hybrid turf mat is often strongly interconnected with the roots of natural herbaceous plants. The disposal of the worn-out hybrid turf mat is challenging because the mixture of natural grass, dirt and synthetic materials, if undivided and washed, cannot be recycled, is expensive to dispose of and, therefore, has a strong environmental impact.
The Applicant has therefore observed that an ever increasing number of producers of hybrid and artificial grass have begun to replace the conventional fibers and backing materials with biodegradable materials.
For example, the International Patent Application WO 2007/114686 describes the use of biodegradable synthetic fibers consisting of starch and polylactic acid.
The Applicant has however observed that the biodegradable fibers used to date do not allow a precise estimate of the biodegradability timings.
In fact, biodegradation is a process that depends on a plurality of environmental factors and on the actual life expectancy of an artificial or hybrid turf mat.
The Applicant has posed the problem of implementing a hybrid turf which is easy and economical to replace and dispose of and whose disposal does not result in a great environmental impact.
The Applicant has also posed the problem of implementing a hybrid turf which has precise biodegradability timings.
The Applicant has also posed the problem of the environmental impact of the current plastics used for this application, since they are in direct contact with the soil and aquifers.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the invention, in a first aspect thereof, relates to a hybrid turf comprising a plurality of synthetic fibers grouped in skeins, each comprising a plurality of filiform elements; characterized in that it comprises a first biodegradable net;
- said first biodegradable net and/or said filiform elements comprising a polymeric composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or mixtures thereof;
- said first net /or said filiform elements (12) comprising at least one nucleant selected from the group consisting of Boron Nitride, Talc, Hydroxyapatite, Zinc Stearate, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Montmorillonite nano-clay, Single-wall carbon nanotubes, Multi -wall carbon nanotubes, Cyanuric acid, Fatty acids, Fatty acid esters, Fatty acid amines, Fatty acid metal salts, pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, urea derivatives, sorbitol-based compounds, sodium benzoate and mixtures thereof;
- said first net and/or said filiform elements (12) comprise at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of Pentaerythrole tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 1,3,5-Trimethyl- 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 2,4-Bis[(octylthio)methyl)]-o-
cresol, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-benzophenone, Ethylene bis(oxyethylene)-bis-(3- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl)propionate), Octadecyl-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2',3-Bis[[3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl]propionyl]]propionohydrazide, Beeswax, Carnauba wax, Candelilla wax, Sumac wax (Japanese wax), Berry wax, Paraffin wax, Silicone and its derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
The present invention, in the aforementioned aspect, can have at least one of the preferred characteristics hereinafter described.
Preferably, the first net comprises at least one copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate.
Advantageously, said polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount by weight to the amount of total polymers.
Preferably, said polyhydroxy alkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount between 10 and 90% by weight to the total amount of polymers in the polymeric composition.
Conveniently, said first net or said filiform elements comprise at least one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), acetyl-tri- n-butyl citrate (ATBC), isosorbide diester (ISE), sorbitol, glycerol, Acetylated monoglycerides, Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), Triethyl citrate (TEC), tri(ethylene glycol)-bis-(2-ethyl hexanoate) (TEG-EH), Tributyl citrate (TBC), 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, l,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidene sorbitol, bis-(stearylureide) hexane, 1,3, 2, 4-di-(p-m ethylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, and mixtures thereof.
Conveniently, said first net /or said filiform elements (12) comprise at least 80% by weight to the respective total weight of a polymeric composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4- butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the first net /or said filiform elements comprise at least one nucleant selected from the group consisting of Boron Nitride, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Montmorillonite nano-clay, pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof.
Advantageously, the first net and/or said filiform elements comprise at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of Beeswax, Carnauba wax, Candelilla wax, Sumac wax (Japanese wax), and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the first net and/or said filiform elements comprise at least one viscosity modifier and/or compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of DCP dicumyl peroxide, TBPB of tert-Butylperoxybenzoate, Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), Multi-functionalized styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomer (Joncryl®), Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).
Conveniently, the hybrid turf comprises a backing element for the plurality of synthetic fibers; said backing element comprising at least one first layer comprising a second net that is made of natural organic material comprising meshes defining a plurality of openings configured so as to allow natural grass to take root therein, and at least one second layer, coupled to said first layer, said second layer comprising said first net.
Preferably, the hybrid turf comprises a plurality of grass blades interspersed with the plurality of synthetic fibers.
Conveniently, the second net includes meshes, each mesh being able to be inscribed in a square with side in the range between 0.2 cm and 2 cm.
Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will be more evident from the detailed description of some preferred, but not exclusive, embodiments of a hybrid turf according to the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Such description will be set forth herein with reference to the attached drawings provided for illustration purposes only and without limitation, in which:
- Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the hybrid turf according to the present invention, with a partially exploded part;
- Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of a skein of filiform elements comprising synthetic fibers;
- Figure 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the hybrid turf according to the present invention;
- Figure 4 shows Table 1 with 9 examples of the composition of the first net and/or filiform elements according to the present invention; and
- Figure 5 shows a series of biodegradability tests, performed on different samples of the first net and/or filiform elements according to the present invention.
Detailed description of embodiments of the invention
With reference to the figures, a turf, preferably a hybrid turf according to the present invention, is denoted by the numerical reference 10.
In Figure 1 is shown that a first embodiment of the hybrid turf 10 according to the present invention comprises a backing element 2 and a plurality of synthetic fibers 3 combined with the backing element 2.
The hybrid turf 10 further comprises a plurality of grass blades 15 which are alternated with the synthetic fibers 3, so as to make a substantially continuous mat of grass blades 15 and synthetic fibers 3.
When installed, the backing element 2 may have a substantially planar configuration comprising at least one first layer 4 made of a second net 5 made of a natural organic material, preferably cotton.
Preferably, the second net 5 comprises meshes defining a plurality of openings configured so as to allow the natural grass blades 15 to root inside it.
For this purpose, the second net 5 comprises meshes 8 being able to be inscribed in a square with side in the range between 0.1 cm and 2 cm.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the backing element 2 also comprises a second layer 6 made of a first net 7 made of a biodegradable polymeric composition.
Preferably, the biodegradable polymeric composition making the first net 7 is the same as the synthetic fibers 3.
The first net 7 comprises meshes 9 defining a plurality of openings.
For this purpose, the first net 7 comprises meshes 9 being able to be inscribed, in plan view, in a square with side in the range between 0.2 cm and 2 cm.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the first layer 4 is combined with the second layer 6.
Preferably, the first layer 4 is combined with the second layer 5 by hot-melt gluing.
Even more preferably, the first layer 4 is combined with the second layer 6 by a hot-lamination process.
In production, during the step of combining the first layer 4 with the second layer 6, there is substantial overlap between the meshes 8 of the second net 5 with the meshes 9 of the first net 7, so as to leave the openings adapted to allow the natural grass to cross the layers and take root thereunder.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, a plurality of synthetic fibers 3 made of a biodegradable compound, which is described in more detail below, are constrained to the backing element 2 constituted by the first 4 and second 6 layers combined together.
The synthetic fibers 3 are grouped into skeins 11 evenly distributed on the turf 10.
The synthetic fibers 3 are grouped into skeins 11 evenly distributed on the hybrid turf 10, so as to form a fiber density per m2 (square meter) in the range between 45000 fibers/m2 and 80000 fibers/m2.
Each skein 11, better shown in Figure 2, comprises a plurality of filiform elements 12 made of a biodegradable compound, described in more detail below.
The synthetic fibers 3 are thus depicted by the filiform elements 12.
Each skein 11 comprises a number of filiform elements 12 or synthetic fibers 3 ranging from five to fifteen, preferably from six to twelve.
In each skein 11, the filiform elements 12 have the same extent ranging from 2 to 20 cm, including extremes.
In each skein 11, the filiform elements 12 are twisted together for at least a length T of their extent.
Preferably, in every skein 11, the filiform elements 12 are twisted together for at least 1/3 of their extent.
Preferably, in every skein 11, the filiform elements 12 are twisted together for at least 2/3 of their extent.
In the embodiment shown in figure 1, the skeins 11, suitably folded on themselves, preferably so as to form a “V”, are combined with the backing element 2 by means of sewing.
Preferably, in the embodiment shown in figure 1, the skeins 11, suitably folded on
themselves, preferably so as to form a “V”, are combined with the backing element 2 by means of a sewing process referred to as “tufting”.
As previously mentioned, the synthetic fibers 3 and/or the first net 7, preferably both, are made of a biodegradable polymeric composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the synthetic fibers 3 and/or the first net 7, preferably both, comprise at least one copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) and polyhydroxy alkanoate.
Advantageously, said polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount by weight to the amount of total polymers.
Preferably, the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount between 10 and 90% by weight to the total amount of polymers in the polymeric composition.
In particular, with reference to the examples in the table 1. A PHA mixture refers to a mixture of PHB and PHBH.
Preferably, PHA of a preferred embodiment has a weight average molecular weight (M) that can range from 10,000 to 1,000,000.
PHA is preferably produced by microbial fermentation of an organic substrate, e.g., carbohydrate or other fermentable substrates such as glycerol, by a strain of microorganisms capable of producing PHA, and subsequent recovery of PHA from the cell mass.
In particular, the PHA production can be obtained by fermentation of suitable substrates, processing plants, e.g., juice, molasses, pulp from processing of sugar beet and sugar cane. These substrates generally contain, in addition to sucrose and other carbohydrates, organic growth factors, nitrogen, phosphorus and/or other minerals useful as nutrients for cell growth. An alternative is glycerol, a cheap source of organic carbon, being a by-product of biodiesel production, which can optionally be used in a mixture with levulinic acid.
PBSA refers to a copolymer of 1, 4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid.
PBSA is prepared by adding adipic acid to the starting materials during PBS synthesis.
Although usually synthesized from fossil fuels, it is also possible that the monomers that make up PBSA are produced from biomaterial feedstocks based on PBSA that degrades faster than PBS, but PBS and PBSA biodegrade more slowly than PHA.
PBS refers to a polybutylene succinate polymer preferably semi-crystalline and preferably produced by bacterial fermentation. According to a preferred embodiment, the biodegradable net comprises a polymeric composition comprising at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of: polymers based on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) or polybutylene succinate (PBS). In the following, when percentages are given, they refer to percentages by weight to the total weight of the composition.
According to an even more preferred embodiment, the synthetic fibers 3 and/or the first net 7, preferably both, comprise at least 80% by weight of a polymeric composition of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polymers based on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) or polybutylene succinate (PBS) together with one or more additives.
According to an even more preferred embodiment, the synthetic fibers 3 and/or the first net 7, preferably both, are made of a polymeric composition of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polymers based on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1, 4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) or polybutylene succinate (PBS) together with one or more additives.
Additives refer to substances that improve some of the mechanical or chemical characteristics of the composition. Among PHAs, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is preferred, even more preferably a mixture of PHB and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) is used.
Process additives and stabilizers are added to the polymeric composition. Preferably a mixture of PHA and PBSA is used, and even more preferably in this case PBSA is added in amounts of 0.06% to 49% by weight.
Preferably, the polymeric composition does not comprise PLA or polylactic acid.
Preferably, the polymeric composition is added in an amount of 50.00% to 99.95%
by weight to the total weight of all net components.
Preferably the synthetic fibers 3 and/or the first net 7, preferably both, comprise at least one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol) (PEG), acetyl-tri-n-butyl citrate (ATBC), isosorbide diester (ISE), sorbitol, glycerol, Acetylated monoglycerides, Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), Triethyl citrate (TEC), tri(ethylene glycol)-bis-(2-ethyl hexanoate) (TEG-EH), Tributyl citrate (TBC), 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, l,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidene sorbitol, bis-(stearylureide) hexane, 1,3, 2, 4-di-(p-m ethylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the plasticizer is added in an amount of 0 to 50% by weight. More preferably between 5 and 30% by weight, even more preferably between 0 and 10% by weight.
Preferably, the first net 7 /or said filiform elements 12 comprise at least one nucleant selected from the group consisting of Boron Nitride, Talc, Hydroxyapatite, Zinc Stearate, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Montmorillonite nano-clay, Single-wall carbon nanotubes, Multi -wall carbon nanotubes, Cyanuric acid, Fatty acids, Fatty acid esters, Fatty acid amines, Fatty acid metal salts, pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, urea derivatives, sorbitol-based compounds, sodium benzoate and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the nucleant is added in percent by weight between 0.05 and 1.5% by weight, more preferably between 0.05 and 1%, e.g., 0.5% by weight.
Preferably the first net 7 and/or said filiform elements 12 comprise at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of Pentaerythrole tetrakis(3-(3,5- di -tert-butyl -4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate), Octadecyl 3 -(3, 5 -di -tert-butyl -4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 1,3,5-Trimethyl- 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 2,4-Bis[(octylthio)methyl)]-o- cresol, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-benzophenone, Ethylene bis(oxyethylene)-bis-(3- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl)propionate), Octadecyl-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2',3-Bis[[3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl]propionyl]]propionohydrazide, Beeswax, Carnauba wax, Candelilla wax, Sumac wax (Japanese wax), Berry wax, Paraffin wax, Silicone and its derivatives, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the functional additive is selected from the group
consisting of Bees Wax, Carnauba Wax, Candelilla Wax, Sumac Wax (Japanese wax) that made it possible to achieve particularly useful results in the nets. Each functional additive is preferably added in a percentage by weight between 0.05 and 5%, more preferably between 0.05 and 1% by weight.
Preferably, the first net 7 and/or the filiform elements 12 comprise at least one viscosity modifier and/or compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of DCP dicumyl peroxide, TBPB of tert-Butylperoxybenzoate, Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), Multi-functionalized styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomer (Joncryl®), Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).
Preferably, they are viscosity modifiers and compatibilizers added in a percentage between 0.001 and 1% by weight individually and overall between 0.05 and 2% by weight. Table 1 in Figure 4 shows 9 different compositions according to the present invention of the first net 7 and/or filiform elements 12 with their most relevant mechanical properties for making nets, e.g., elongation and flexural modulus.
It can be easily observed that the use of a material selection according to the present invention allows the chemical components to be appropriately modulated according to the desired mechanical properties, while maintaining a high degree of biodegradability as confirmed by the samples tested in Figure 5.
When the hybrid turf is planted on already prepared soil, it is filled with sand 14 so that the latter has a depth of at least 10 cm relative to the backing element 2, preferably a depth of at most 30 cm relative to the backing element 2.
Sands 14 suitable for the purpose are silica sands of various grain sizes, preferably USGA certified.
Once filled with sand 14, the hybrid turf 10 is sown so that the grass blades 15 can take root and develop between a skein 11 and the next one.
As the roots of the grass blades 15 grow, they pass through the meshes of the backing element 2, thus constraining the hybrid turf 10 to the underlying soil.
An alternative embodiment of the hybrid turf 10 according to the present invention is shown in Figure 3. In particular, the hybrid turf 10 of figure 3 is completely similar to
the hybrid turf of figure 1, except that it does not have any backing element 2 and that the skeins 11 can have a larger dimension.
According to this embodiment, the skeins 11, suitably folded on themselves, preferably so as to form a “V”, are not combined with the backing element 2 (which is not present) but with the soil through suitable “sewing” machines.
This hybrid turf, as evident from the above description, has the following advantages:
- it allows to reduce the environmental impact of the disposal compared to conventional hybrid turfs; - it allows to reduce or eliminate disposal costs;
- construction simplicity combined with high reliability;
- precise timings of biodegradability.
Several changes can be made to the embodiments described in detail, all anyhow remaining within the protection scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims
1. Hybrid turf (10) comprising a plurality of synthetic fibers (3) grouped into skeins (11), each comprising a plurality of filiform elements (12); characterized in that it comprises a first biodegradable net (7);
- said first biodegradable net (7) and/or said filiform elements (12) comprising a polymeric composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or mixtures thereof;
- said first net /or said filiform elements (12) comprising at least one nucleant selected from the group consisting of Boron Nitride, Talc, Hydroxyapatite, Zinc Stearate, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Montmorillonite nano-clay, Single-wall carbon nanotubes, Multi -wall carbon nanotubes, Cyanuric acid, Fatty acids, Fatty acid esters, Fatty acid amines, Fatty acid metal salts, pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, urea derivatives, sorbitol-based compounds, sodium benzoate and mixtures thereof;
- said first net and/or said filiform elements (12) comprise at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of Pentaerythrole tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 1,3,5-Trimethyl- 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 2,4-Bis[(octylthio)methyl)]-o- cresol, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-benzophenone, Ethylene bis(oxyethylene)-bis-(3- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl)propionate), Octadecyl-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2',3-Bis[[3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl]propionyl]]propionohydrazide, Beeswax, Carnauba wax, Candelilla wax, Sumac wax (Japanese wax), Berry wax, Paraffin wax, Silicone and its derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
2. Hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first net comprises at least one copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) and poly hydroxy alkanoate.
3. Hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1 o 2, characterized in that said polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount by weight to the amount of total
polymers.
4. Hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1 o 2, characterized in that said polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount between 10 and 90% by weight to the total amount of polymers in the polymeric composition.
5. Hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first net and /or said filiform elements (12) comprise at least one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol) (PEG), acetyl -tri -n-butyl citrate (ATBC), isosorbide diester (ISE), sorbitol, glycerol, Acetylated monoglycerides, Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), Triethyl citrate (TEC), tri(ethylene glycol)-bis-(2-ethyl hexanoate) (TEG-EH), Tributyl citrate (TBC), 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, l,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4- benzylidene sorbitol, bis-(stearylureide) hexane, l,3,2,4-di-(p-methylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, and mixtures thereof.
6. Hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first net /or said filiform elements (12) comprise at least 80% by weight to the respective total weight of a polymeric composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or mixtures thereof.
7. Hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first net /or said filiform elements (12) comprise at least one nucleant selected from the group consisting of Boron Nitride, Montmorillonite nano-clay, pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, urea derivatives, sorbitol-based compounds, sodium benzoate and mixtures thereof.
8. Hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first net and/or said filiform elements (12) comprise at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of Beeswax, Carnauba wax, Candelilla wax, Sumac wax (Japanese wax).
9. Hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first net and/or said filiform elements (12) comprise at least one viscosity modifier and/or compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of DCP dicumyl peroxide, TBPB of tert- Butylperoxybenzoate, Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), Multi-functionalized styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomer (Joncryl®), Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC),
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).
10. Hybrid turf (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a backing element (2) for said plurality of synthetic fibers (3); said backing element comprising at least one first layer (4) comprising a second net (5) that is made of natural organic material comprising meshes defining a plurality of openings configured so as to allow natural grass to take root therein, and at least one second layer (6), coupled to said first layer (4), said second layer (6) comprising said first net (7).
11. Hybrid turf (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a plurality of grass blades (15) interspersed with said plurality of synthetic fibers (3).
12. Hybrid turf (10) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that said second net (5) comprises meshes, each mesh being able to be inscribed in a square with side in the range between 0.2 cm and 2 cm.
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IT102022000012875 | 2022-06-17 | ||
IT102022000012875A IT202200012875A1 (en) | 2022-06-17 | 2022-06-17 | HYBRID TURF |
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WO2023242813A1 true WO2023242813A1 (en) | 2023-12-21 |
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PCT/IB2023/056255 WO2023242813A1 (en) | 2022-06-17 | 2023-06-16 | Hybrid turff |
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WO (1) | WO2023242813A1 (en) |
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